MATM: Introduction to Statistic

LECTURE 1: (PPT BASED AND LECTURE)

________________________________________________________________________________________________
MA’AM THERESA DOMINGO
1st SEMESTER | A.Y. 2022 – 2023

DIVISION OF STATISTIC Discrete variables – values obtained by counting.

Statistics itself came from the Latin word “status” which Continuous variables – values obtained by measuring,
means state. all of which cannot be put into a list because they can
have any value in some interval of real numbers.
Data in statistics is always a result of experiment,
observation, investigation and other means and often
appears as a numerical figure and then evaluated to
make it into useful knowledge.

Descriptive Statistics – deals with the collection,

organization, and presentation of data and collection of
summarizing values to describe its group characteristics.
 The most common summarizing values are the
measure of central tendency and variation.

Inferential Statistics – deals with the predictions and

inferences based on the analysis and interpretation of
the results of the information gathered by the statistician.
 Some of the common statistical tools of
inferential statistics are the t-test, z-test, analysis
of variance, chi-square, and Pearson r.

Data can be classified into major groupings namely:

Quantitative
Data
(Numerical)

Discrete Continuous

Interval Ratio

Qualitative
Data
(Categorical)  Nominal – classifies elements into two or more
categories or classes, the numbers indicating
Dichotomous Multinomial
that the elements are different but not according
to order or magnitude

Nominal Ordinal

Variable – a numerical characteristic or attribute

associated with the population being studied. They are
further classified as categorical or qualitative and
numerical or quantitative.
Nominal

Categorical
(qualitative)
Ordinal

Variable

Discerete

Numerical
(quantitive) Continuous

1
 MATM: Introduction to Statistic
LECTURE 1: (PPT BASED AND LECTURE)
________________________________________________________________________________________________
MA’AM THERESA DOMINGO
1st SEMESTER | A.Y. 2022 – 2023

 Ordinal – a scale that ranks individual in terms POPULATION AND SAMPLE

of the degree to which they possess a
characteristic of interest.
Population – defined as group/s of people, animals,
places, things or ideas to which any conclusions based
on characteristics of a sample will be applied
(Universal Set).

Sample – a subgroup of the population (Subset)

 Interval – in addition to ordering scores from

high to low, it also establishes a uniform unit in
the scale so that any equal distance between
two scores is of equal magnitude. There is no
absolute zero in this scale.

Parameter – a numerical measure (numerical index) that

describes a characteristic of the population.

Statistic – numerical measure (numerical index) that is

used to describe a characteristic of a sample.

 Ratio – in addition to being an interval scale, it

also has an absolute zero.