Criminalitics Red Tips

ARC's RED TIPS 2021
CRIMINALISTICS
(EXCLUSIVE for ARC Reviewees)
MAY SUMPA!
PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION • Herman Welcker- proved that fingerprint does

1. A forensic chemist is tasked to examine the not change. After taking his fingerprint, he
chemical nature and composition of the waited for the next 41 years and found that
following EXCEPT: no changes happened on the prints.
A. fingerprint • John Evangelist Purkenjie- “Father of
B. explosives Dactyloscopy”
C. blood
D. body fluids 7. Under the management of Lt. Darby during the
American occupation in the Philippines, a modern and
2. The word “forensic” came from the Latin word complete fingerprint file has been established for the
“forum” which literally means? Philippine commonwealth. In 1937. Who is the first
A. Market place Filipino fingerprint technician employed by the Phil.
c. place of discussion Constabulary?
B. Public A. Mr. Generoso Reyes B. Lucila Lalu
d. legal C. Mr. Augustin Patricio D. None of these
• The word “forensic” once used in conjunction • Augustin Patricio- first person who got the
with other related science, it will refer to highest place in fingerprint examination
administration of justice. administered by FBI in the Philippines.
• Lucila Lalu- first chop-chop lady identified.
3. It is the application of various sciences to answer
questions relating to examination and comparison of 8. Who was that notorious gangster and a police
biological evidence and scientific evidences. character, who attempted to erase his fingerprints by
A. Criminalistics C. Forensic burning them with acid but as time went by the ridges
Science were again restored to their “natural” feature.
B. Forensic Chemistry D. Evidence A. Al Capone B. OJ Simpson
Examination C. John Dillinger D. Robert James
• Forensic Science- is the application of a broad Pitts
spectrum of sciences to answer questions of • Al Capone- known as “The Godfather”
interest to the legal system. • Robert James Pitts- known as “Man without
Fingerprints.” He used surgery to the ridges
4. What system of identification used earlier than the of his own fingerprint. Also known as Roscoe
fingerprint system, and is made by measuring various Pitts.
bony structure of human body developed by Alphonse
Bertillion? 9. The greater the number of points of similarities and
A. Portrait Parle B. Tattoo dissimilarities of two persons compared, the greater
C. Anthropometry D.Photography the probability for the conclusion to be correct. What
• Portrait Parle- it is the verbal description of is this Law called?
the person which refers to his/her facial A. Law of Multiplicity of Evidence in
features. Identification
B. Identification by Comparison and Exclusion
5. He is credited in the creation of the first crime C. Law of Super Imposition
laboratory in US which is founded in Berkeley, D. All of these
California.
A. Alexander Lacassagne c. Hans Gross 10. The illegitimate mother of the two murdered
B. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle d. August children whom she was accused because of the latent
Vollmer prints that has been found on the scene of the crime.
• Alexander Lacassagne- known as the “Father Who is that person in which without his participation
of Forensic Science” the case will not be solved?
• Hans Gross- known as the “Father of A. Francisca Rojas B. Francis Galton
Criminalistics and Questioned Document” C. Juan Vucetich D. Edward
• Sir Arthur Conan Doyle- known for his fictional Richard Henry
character Sherlock Holmes. • Francisca Rojas- the suspect for the “Rojas
Homicide”
6. The Chief Magistrate of the Hooghly District in India, • Francis Galton- states that the probability of
first used fingerprints on contracts with the natives. He having the same fingerprint pattern is
is also known as Father of Chiroscopy. 1:64,000,000,000 around the world.
A. JCA Mayer • Edward Richard Henry- known for his “Henry
B. John Evangelist Purkinje System of Classification”
C. Herman Welcker
D. Sir William James Herschel
Amici Review Center Page 1

11. On the night of August 2, 2010, a certain burglary
happened on the store of a Japanese Merchant. On the 18. Fingerprints help to positively identify people
scene of the crime, laying the dead body of the victim because of the principle that:
stained by his own blood and the presence of several A. its pattern reveals racial origin
evidences found including the fingerprints of the three B. they are available in most places
unidentified persons. If you are one of those three C. no two persons have identical
persons whose fingerprints were found on the scene of fingerprints
the crime. What will be basis of the investigators in D. it can be lifted at the crime scene
case they will hold you as one of the responsible
regarding the commission of the crime? 19. It is a kind of gait or manner of walking of a person
A. Principle of individuality in which he/she walks in a swaying movement due
B. Principle of permanency to knock-knee feet.
C. Principle of infallibility A. Ataxic Gait B. Cow’s Gait
D. All of these C. Spastic Gait D. Paretic Gait
• Principle of Infallibility- that fingerprint cannot • Ataxic Gait- foot is raised high and brought
be changed or forged. down suddenly.
• Principle of Permanency- states that • Cerebellar Gait- staggering movement.
fingerprint does not changed. • Cow’s Gait- swaying movement due to knock-
knee.
12. It is said that the fingerprints of a person will be • Paretic Gait- steps are short and feet are
carried from womb to tomb. What principle greatly dragged.
described the phrase? • Spastic Gait- steps and held together and
A. Principle of individuality walks in a stiff manner.
B. Principle of permanency • Waddling Gait- duck-like walking.
C. Principle of infallibility • Frog Gait- hopping gait.
D. All of these
20. It is the lower or the inner layer of the skin that
13. The first conviction in the Philippine Case which must not be destructed for it could possibly create a
gives recognition to the science of fingerprint? permanent injury that may result to the lost of the
A. People Vs. Medina ridges. What is that canal like structure found
B. People Vs. Jennings between the ridges?
C. Miranda Vs. Arizona A. Dermis B.
D. West Case Epidermis
• People Vs. Jennings- identified through 14 C. furrows D. Delta
points of identification. • Dermis- inner layer of the skin.
• People vs. Medina- 10 points of identification. • Epidermis- it is the outer layer of the skin
• Miranda vs. Arizona- a case that gives which is sub-divided into two:
recognition to the creation of Miranda -Stratum Corneum- where the ridges and
Doctrine. other characteristics appear.
-Stratum Mucosum
14. This refers to the study of fingerprints for the
purpose of identification. 21. The core and delta are essential ridges to be used
A. Dactyloscopy as a basis in the counting of ridges once an imaginary
B. Dactylography line was drawn in between. It is also termed as what?
C. Podoscopy A. Inner Terminus B. Outer Terminus
D. Poroscopy C. Focal Point D. Pattern Area
• Dactyloscopy- it is the scientific study of • Core- known as Inner terminus
fingerprint. • Delta- known as Outer Terminus
• Podoscopy- it is the study of the soles of the
feet. 22. A delta may be any of the following, EXCEPT
• Poroscopy- it is the study of the pores of the A. bifurcation opening towards the delta
skin. B. dot or fragment as thick as the other ridges
C. a point on the first recurving ridge located nearest
15. A Dogmatic Principle which postulates that the to the center and in front of the divergence of the
fingerprint cannot be forged. type lines
A. Principle of individuality B. Principle of D. a meeting of two ridges
constancy/permanency
C. Principle of infallibility D. All of 23. What is the rule when there is a choice between a
these bifurcation and other type of delta found in the
fingerprint?
16. Ridge forms in the person’s fingers and feet during A. Bifurcation is selected
its infants stage which usually starts: B. the other type of delta is selected
A. 3rd to 4th months of the fetus life C. Bifurcation is disregarded
B. 4th to 5th months of the fetus life D. the one towards the core is selected
C. 5th to 6th months of the fetus life
D. 5th to 6th months after birth 24. It is located along the undersides of the fingers,
• 4th to 5th months- ridge formation of the fetus palms, toes, and soles appear corrugated skin structure
completes. known to the fingerprint examiner as
A. friction skin B. handprints
17. Which of the following is not true about the value C. fingerprints D. volar
or the importance of fingerprinting? skin
A. Serve to provide evidence • Volar Skin- term used by the biologist.
B. prevent criminal substitution
C. help identify victims of calamities like 25. What is that portion of the fingerprint bounded by
crime the type lines where the characteristics needed for
D. speedily identifying the perpetrator interpretation/classification is found?

A. Loops B. Ridges A. Plain whorl
C. Double lines D. Pattern area B. Central pocket loop whorl (C)
C. Accidental loop (X)
26. These are tiny portions or a hill-like structure D. Ulnar loop (U)
found on the epidermis of friction skin containing
sweat, with pores appearing as black lines in a 32. The bifurcation which does not remain open but
fingerprint impression. whose legs after a long side by side for short distance,
A. Imaginary lines B. Black lines come together to form a single ridge once more is
C. Furrows D. referred to as…
Ridges A. Enclosure
• Furrows- the depressed portion of the B. Converging ridges
epidermis in the fingerprint pattern which is C. Island ridge
compared with the low area in a tire thread. D. Closed ridges
• Imaginary Lines- appears between the core • Island Ridge- resembles a dot or period.
and delta. • Converging Ridge- two ridges that meets at
the ending point.
27. Patterns possess all the characteristics needed on
the investigation that may be bring light on a certain 33. When a ridge bifurcates, it sends two ridges across
case. What kind of sweat gland that can be found the imaginary line, how is it counted?
underneath these patterns? A. One
A. Sebaceous gland B. Eccrine gland B. Two
C. Lacrimal gland D. Apocrine gland C. Three
• Sebaceous Gland- glands that produce oil and D. Six
fats. • If it does not touch the ridges that splits, it is
• Lacrimal Gland- glands that produce tears. counted as 1.
• Apocrine- produced fat for breastmilk.
34. PINS Cardo is examining a fingerprint pattern
28. What is the fingerprint impression taken having a 2 delta and a core with few spiral formations
individually by rolling each finger from one side to at the center but no complete circuiting ridge is
the other side and from the tip to the end of the first cut. What type of pattern INS Cardo is examining?
joint? A. W
A.Rolled Impression B. Chance B. X
Impression C. C
C. Plain Impression D. A and B is D. D
correct
• Plain Impression- serves as verification for 35. The following are the requisites of a loop except
the rolled impression. one,
A. It must have a core
29. What fingers are rolled towards the body in taking B. It must have a complete circuit
a rolled impression? C.It must have a delta
A. both little finger B. both thumb D. It must have a ridge count of at least one
finger
C. all finger except thumb D. both index finger 36. What is the type of a pattern in which the looping
• All finger except thumb- away from the body or slanting ridges flows towards the little finger?
A. Loop B. Radial Loop
30. How many standard fingerprint patterns are there? C. Ulnar Loop D. Tented Arch
A. Three B. Eight
C. Two D. Nine • Radial Loop- the ridge flows toward the
• Nine- patterns under the Edward-Henry thumb.
Classification System.
Three- family of fingerprints- Whorl, Arch, Loop 37. What type of a pattern possesses an angle, an
Eight- patterns under the Henry System with upthrust, or two of the three basic characteristics of
FBI Modification. the loop?
• Plain Arch (A)- ridges flow from one side to A. Plain Arch B. Tented Arch
the other with a slight raise in the center. C. Accidental Whorl D. Ulnar Loop
• Tented Arch (T)- a pattern either an angle, an
upthrust, or an incomplete loop formation. 38. What fingerprint pattern have slope or downward
• Ulnar loop (U)- slanting ridge flows towards flow of the innermost sufficient recurved towards the
the little finger. thumb of the radius bone of the hand of origin.
• Radial Loop (R)- slanting ridge flows toward A. ulnar loop B. tented
the thumb arch
• Plain Whorl (W)- at least one circuiting ridge C. accidental whorl D.
is touched or crossed by the imaginary radial loop
line.
• Central Pocket Loop (C)- no circuiting ridge 39. Which is NOT true about accidental whorl?
is touched by the imaginary line. A. It has a combination of two different patterns
• Double Loop Whorl (D)- a pattern having two B. It has two deltas
separate loop formation. C. The plain arch is not included in the
• Accidental Whorl (X)- a combination of two or combination
more pattern with the EXCEPTION of Plain D. It is subject of ridge tracing in the Key
Arch. Division
31. Symbolized by letter W in the fingerprint 40. The following are the requisites of a loop except
classification, this fingerprint pattern have two deltas one,
in which at least one ridge makes a turn through one A. It must have a core
complete circuit. B. It must have a complete circuit

C. It must have a delta
D. It must have a ridge count of at least one 50. If all the fingers in the right hand are whorl pattern
while in the left hand are all loop pattern, what will be
41. In fingerprinting, it refers to the process of the primary classification?
counting the intervening ridges that touch or cross an A. 25/29
imaginary line drawn between the core and the delta. B. 24/28
A. Ridge counting C. 25/1
B. Ridge tracing D. 32/32
C. Delta tracing
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
D. All of these
• Ridge tracing- the process done in the whorl 16 16 8 8 4
where the tracing ridge flows from the left to
the right delta. 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th
0 0 0 0 0
42. What should be the ridge tracing interpretation if
the tracing ridge of the whorl goes above the right All numerators (Even numbers): 16+ 8+0+0+0 =24
delta and there are three (3) or more intervening ridges All denominators (Odd numbers): 16+8+4+0+0 = 28
between the right delta and the tracing ridge? 24/28 + 1/1 = 25/29
A. Outer Whorl B. Inner Whorl
C. Meeting Whorl D. Accidental Whorl 51. A 32 over 32 would indicate all ___ patterns in
• Meeting Whorl- tracing ridge from left delta to primary classification.
right delta and there are 2 or less or no A. whorl B. loop
intervening ridges.
• Outer Whorl- tracing from left delta to right C. tented arch
and there are 3 or more intervening ridges. D. radial
43. In ridge tracing, the reference is on 52. What are the three patterns involved in the
A. upper side or point of the extreme right delta secondary classification (small-lettered group)?
B. lower side or point of the extreme left delta A. Plain Whorl, Plain Arch, Ulnar Loop
C. upper side or point of the moderate left delta B. Plain Arch, Tented Arch, Radial loop
D. upper side or point of the moderate right delta C. Accidental Whorl, Central Pocket Loop,
Double Loop Whorl
44. It is process of placing in under each pattern the D. None of these
letter symbols representing their pattern interpretation
prior to the actual classification formula. 53. In the Sub-secondary classification, if the loop
A.Checking B. Classification pattern appears on the middle finger and there are 12
C. Blocking-out D. Fingerprinting ridge counts, what will be the interpretation?
• Checking- the process of verifying the rolled A. Ring B.
impression using the plain impression. Outer
C. Inner D. Middle
45. It is placed just to the left of the primary in • Index Finger- 1-9 (Inner) 10 or more (Outer)
the classification formula. Where whorls appear in the • Middle Finger- 1-10 (Inner) 11 or more
thumbs following the whorl tracings sub secondary (Outer)
classification. • Ring Finger- 1-13 (Inner) 14 or more (Outer)
A. subsecondary B. major division
C. key D. final 54. In the Major Division, what table should be used
Left -- K M P S SS F -- Right for the right thumb when the left thumb reaches 17 or
more?
46. What is the finger appearing five (5) blocks towards A. Table No. 1 B. Table No. 3
finger number seven (7)? C. Table No. 2 D. Table No. 4
A. Finger No. 1 B. Finger No. 2 Table No. 1 Table No. 2
C. Finger No. 3 D. Finger No. 5 1-11= SMALL 1-17= SMALL
12-16= MEDIUM 18-22= MEDIUM
F1 F2 F3 -1 F4 -2 F5 -3 17 or more= LARGE 23 or more= LARGE
F6 -4 F7 -5 F8 F9 F10 Note: Table No.1 is use for both left and right thumb.
If the left thumb reaches 17 or more, the right thumb
47. What is the classification formula that is will use Table No. 2. It is known as Exceptional.
represented by a numerical value appearing on the
whorl pattern only but the value only depends on what 55. From the same division above, what is the
finger it appears? interpretation when the ridge of the left thumb reaches
A. Key Division B. Major Division fifteen (15)?
C. Primary Division D. Sub-secondary A. Small B. Medium
Division C. Large D. Inner
48. In the distribution of percentage in the fingerprint 56. In the final division, ridge counting of loop is the
pattern, 35% is being represented by what group? usual process being done once it appears in the little
A. Loop -60% B. Whorl finger. If there is no loop pattern in that finger, a whorl
C. Arch -5% D. Radial Loop pattern shall be ridge counted. How will you treat a
Plain or Central Pocket Loop for the purpose of getting
49. In the primary division, if the pattern appearing in its final classification?
finger number eight (8) is a loop, what is the numerical A. Treated as an Ulnar Loop
value of that finger? B. Getting the least ridge count
A. None C. By getting the ridge count of the top loop
B. 8 D. It represents a dash
C. 16 • Double Loop Whorl- getting the ridge count of
D. 2 →if whorl top loop.

• Accidental Whorl- getting the least ridge • Fuming Method-it is the process of spraying
count. iodine fume in the paper surface to make
latent prints appear.
57. It is obtained by counting the ridges of the first loop
appearing on the fingerprint card (beginning with the 64. On the night of August 2, 2010, a certain burglary
right thumb), exclusive of the little fingers which are happened on the store of a Japanese Merchant. On the
never considered for the key as they are reserved for scene of the crime, laying the dead body of the victim
the final. stained by his own blood and the presence of several
A. primary B. key evidences found including the fingerprints of the three
unidentified persons. If you are one of those three
C. final D. major persons whose fingerprints were found on the scene of
the crime. What will be basis of the investigators in
58. In case of an amputated finger, what shall be the case they will hold you as one of the responsible
interpretation of the left index finger if the right regarding the commission of the crime?
index finger is amputated? A. Principle of individuality
A. Plain whorl and meet tracing C. Principle of infallibility
B. The classification in the left index finger shall B. Principle of permanency
be same of that the right index. D. All of these.
C. The classification of the right index finger shall be
the same of that the left index finger. 65. The incident case that signaled the downfall of
D. There is no interpretation at all. the use of Anthropometry in favor of fingerprinting:
A. Jennings
59. In the classification line, the order should be C. Mask Case
A. primary, secondary, subsecondary, final, key, major B. West Case
B. major, key, primary, secondary, subsecondary final D. Rojas Homicide
C. key, major, primary, secondary,
subsecondary, final 66. Which of the following personal Identification is not
D. primary, secondary, subsecondary, major, key, final easy to change?
A. Hair
60. A person committing a crime would always leave B. Dress
something behind and may be considered as an C. Speech
integral part in the identification of the suspect D. personal paraphernalia
especially if it is a “Latent Print”. This prints are made
through the; 67. The scientific study of the prints of the soles of the
A. Ridge of the skin B. Furrows of the feet?
skin A. Poroscopy
C. Ridge formation D. Perspiration B. Chiroscopy
on top of the finger C. Podoscopy
D. Dactyloscopy
61. It refers to all fingerprints left at the crime scene
including those left accidentally or unconsciously. 68. How deep the cut in order to be produced
A. Chance Impressions B. Latent Prints permanent scar?
C. Smudge Prints D. Fragmentary A. more than 1 cm
Prints B. more than 1mm
• Chance Impressions- left at the crime scene C. 1m
accidentally or unconsciously. D. 1dm
• Smudge Prints- those prints that are left by
sliding motion. 69. It appears as tiny black line with white dots in an
• Fragmentary Prints- incomplete latent prints. inked finger impression?
A. sweat pores
62. Mr. A applies for a job, and as a requirement he B. ridges
was advised to present his NBI Clearance. On the way C. furrows- white line/white space/wide space
to the office of the NBI, he was apprehensive that he D. sweat duct
will not be accommodated by the personnel because of
his two excess fingers in his right hand. The 70. What are the depressed portions or canal structure
appearance of his extra fingers is anatomically known of the friction skin?
as_____. A. pores
A. Polydactylism B. Extra ordinary B. furrows
fingers C. indentions
C. Excess Finger D. D. duct
Deformities
• Syndactylism- a condition where the fingers 71. What type of a pattern consisting of two or more
are joined together. deltas, one or more ridge forming a complete circuitry
• Brachdactylism- a condition where the fingers and when an imaginary line is drawn from left delta to
are abnormally short. right delta it touches or cross the circuiting ridge/s
• Orthodactylism- a condition where then considered as the most common type of whorl.
fingers cannot be stretch. A. plain whorl
• Ankylosis- fingers cannot be bent. B. central pocket loop whorl
C. double loop whorl
63. It is considered as simplest and traditional method D. accidental whorl
in developing prints in the scene of the crime.
A. Fuming Method B. Laser Ion Argon 72. The core and delta are also termed as _____?
C. Rolling Method D. Dusting A. inner terminus
Method B. focal point
C. outer terminus
D. pattern area

83. A type of pattern in which the course is traced the
73. What is that spreading of two ridges that previously line flow below the right delta and there are three
running side by side? intervening ridge.
A. bifurcation A. meeting whorl
B. divergence B. inner whorl
C. convergence C. outer whorl
D. enclosure D. central pocket loop whorl
74. A short horizontal ridge found inside a recurving 84. A short horizontal ridge found inside a recurving
ridge which has spoiled the inner line of flow from the ridge which has spoiled the inner line of flow from the
inner delta to the center of the pattern? This is also inner delta to the center of the pattern? This is also
found in the second type of central pocket loop. found in the second type of central pocket loop.
A. bar A. bar
B. appendage B. appendage
C. uptrust C. uptrust
D. obstruction D. obstruction
75. What is that ridge that divides into two ridges and 85. A point along the recurving ridge in which the ridge
which resembles a fork structure curves inward?
A. divergence A. sufficient recurve
B. Bifurcation B. obstruction ridge
C. Convergence C. appendage
D. enclosure D. shoulder of loop
76. What fingers are rolled towards the body in taking 86. What type of a ridge is that which curves back to
a rolled impression? the direction from which it started?
A. both little finger A. diverging ridge
B. all finger except thumb B. converging ridge
C. both thumb finger C. recurving ridge
D. both index finger D. bifurcation
77. The classification in the classification formula which 87. What ridge divides it into two or more branches
is always represented by numerical value depending that meet to form the original figure?
upon a whorl pattern appearing in each finger? A. bifurcation
A. primary division B. lake ridge
B. key division C. island ridge
C. final division D. convergence
D. Major division
88. What kind of a ridge resembles a dot, fragment or
78. The term applied to cases of missing or cut finger? a period?
A. Mutilated finger A. lake
B. Fragmentary finger B. island ridge
C. Amputated finger C. ending ridge
D. Deformities D. incipient ridge
79. What will be the primary Division if all fingers are POLICE PHOTOGRAPHY
missing or cut? Photography- is the process of producing a photograph
A. 1/1 in the sensitized material through the action of light
B. 32/32 with the aid of the camera, the lens and its accessories
C. 31/31 after undergoing the development process either
D. 16/16 mechanical or chemical.
Forensic Photography- refers to the use of photography
80. Which is not a process of developing using the in the application of administration of justice from the
ninhydrin method? police work up to its court presentation.
A. immersion Police Photography- is the application of
B. spraying photography in the field of police work.
C. dusting
D. brushing 1. The word “Photo” is derived from what word?
A. Phos B. Latin
81. An instrument used for the spreading of the Word
fingerprint ink to the slab? C. Greek Word D. light
A. Fingerprint brush The word “photo” derived from the Greek Word “phos”
B. Fingerprint roller which means “light”; and “graphia” which means “to
C. Fingerprint lifting tapes draw” or “grapho” which means “to write”
D. fingerprint card
2. When was the birth year of photography?
82. A ridge that is so thin or fine compare to other A. 1939 B. 1839
regular ridge which is not included as a ridge count C. 1793 D. 1893
even if it has been cross by the imaginary line.
A. ending ridge 3. What country is the first who use photograph of
B. intervening ridge crime scene in court presentation?
C. incipient ridge A. Germany
D. enclosure B. US
E. ridge counting C. Philippines
D. France

4. What is considered as the utmost used of 10. In 1947 Edwin H. Land introduced the one step
photography in police work? photography also known as polaroid. What will be
A. For identification B. For produce by LASER?
preservation A. Polaroid B. Holograms
C. For record purpose D. For court C. Digital Camera D. DSLR
presentation
• For identification- first application of Polaroid Camera- a camera that instantly produce a
photography by Alphonse Bertillion that positive image.
makes him the “Father of Mug Shot
Potography” 11. It is considered as the “Forerunner of Modern
• For preservation- the ultimate purpose of Camera” which was first invented by the Iraqi scientist
photography. Ibn al Haytham.
• For court presentation- it is the photograph of A. Daguerreotypes B. Camera Obscura
the evidence that is one being presented C. Calotype D. Talotype
which is marked by “Alphabet” (for
prosecution) and “Numeral” (for defense). 12. In crime scene photography, what view tends to
show the extent damage on the subject?
5. The science or art of obtaining images in scientific A. General View B. Medium View
materials by the action of electro-magnetic radiation C. Close-up shot D. Extreme Close-
rays. up shot
A. Polygraphy B. • General View (Long Range)- taking the over-
Dactyloscopy all view of the crime scene as well as to
C. Photography D. identify the location of the scene.
Chemistry • Medium View (Medium Range)- this view will
best show the nature of the crime. (about 8-
6. What is the positive result of the process of 10 feet)
photography. • Close-Up Shot (Short Range)- this will show
A. Photograph B. Film the damage or injury committed in the crime
C. Cellulose D. Negative Film scene.
• Extreme Close-Up View- it is done in the
7. The study of the fundamentals of photography, its laboratory to make further examination of the
application to police work and the preparation of evidence.
photographic evidence:
A. Cinematography B. Police 13. In crime scene photography, what view tends to
Photography show the four angles of the possible entrance and exit
C. Forensic photography D. Photography point of the suspect?
A. General View B. Medium View
8. A British scientist who made the first miniature C. Close-up shot D. Extreme Close-up shot
cameras, the so-called “mouse trap” cameras.
A. Joseph Nicephore Niepce 14. It is an electromagnetic energy that travels in a
B. Louis Jacques Mande Daguerre form of a wave with the speed of 186,000 miles per
C. Willian Henry Fox Talbot second.
D. Sir John Herschel A. Light B. Camera
• Joseph Nicephore Niepce- first invention of C. Radio Waves D. Lens
photograph using the metal plate.
• Louis Jacques Mande Deguerre- credited for 15. It is considered as the presence of all lights.
the creation of “Daguerreotype.” A system A. Black Light B. White Light
wherein it is not subject for reproduction from C. Blue Light D. Light Bulb
the negative film.
• Henry Fox Talbot- invented the “Calotype” or 16. The combination of Blue and Green color of light
“Talotype.” A system that able to create a which produced what secondary color of light?
reproduction from the negative film. A. Magenta B. Yellow
• John F.W. Herschel- first to coined the word C. Cyan D. Orange
“Photography”
9. The science of obtaining photographic magnification

of minute objects by using a camera attached to a
compound microscope. The camera lens is removed
because the microscope will serve as the lens for the
camera.
A. macrophotography B. microphotography
C. photomicrography D. photomicrography
17. What is the theory of light which opposes the wave

PROCESS RESULT
stating that light has its effect by the very small
MACROPHOTOGRAPHY/ Macrophotograph
particles such as electrons?
PHOTOMACROGRAPHY – – enlarged image.
A. Wave Theory B. Corpuscular
attaching a macro lens in camera.
Theory
PHOTOMICROGRAPHY – Photomicrograph –
C. Modified Wave Theory D. Quantum
attaching a camera in the minute details.
Theory
microscope.
• Wave Theory (Huygens)- the light’s motion is
MICROPHOTOGRAPHY – Microphotograph –
being compared to a floating log that moves
reducing the image into film strip. reduced image
through the wave of the water.
TELEPHOTOGRAPHY – taking Telephotograph –
image of far distance object. image from far
distance.

• Modified Wave Theory (Maxwell and Hertz)-
light is in a form of an electromagnetic 25. It is a lighting condition where object in open space
energy. cost a deep and uniform or distinct shadow.
• Quantum Theory (Albert Einstein)- electron A. Bright sunlight B. Hazy
particle in an atom creates an energy which sunlight
results to a light. C. Dull sunlight D.
Cloudy dull
18. The bending of light around an object gives rise • Natural Light- can be classified depending on
to the phenomenon called the shadow produced.
A. Attraction B. • Bright Sunlight- deep and uniform shadow.
Diffraction • Hazy Sunlight- provides bluish and
C. Light Curve D. Light transparent shadow.
fingerprint • Dull Sunlight- no shadow at all.
19. The changes in direction of light are conclusive 26. It is an artificial light describes as containing wire
whenever light process from one medium to another. filaments that connects them which sustains the
This is known as the phenomenon of refraction. electrical charge that combines them.
A. Reflection B. A. Photoflood Lamp B. Fluorescent
Diffraction Lamp
C. Transparent D. C. Incandescent Bulb D. Flash Bulb
Refraction
27. What will be the lighting condition if you are going
• Reflection- it is the bouncing of light once it to take a photograph using a film speed of ISO 200 and
hits the flat surface. a shutter speed of 1/250 with an aperture of f8?
• Diffraction- it is the spreading of light once it A. bright B. hazy
hits the surface. C. dull D. open light
20. Objects that allow sufficient visible light to pass Bright- F16
through them that the object on the other side may be Dull- F 5.6
clearly seen.
A. Transparent 28. What refers to the film and photographic paper that
B. Translucent is composed of emulsion containing silver halides and
C. Opaque suspended in gelatin?
D. Filter A. Photo Paper B. Film
C. Silver Halides D. Sensitized Material
• Translucent- a semi-transparent object that • Photo Paper- it is used in the production of
allows light to pass through but not enough positive photograph.
detail is being projected. • Film- it is used in preparation for the positive
• Opaque- the light that passes through cannot print.
be seen.
• Filter- an object that can subtract or diminish 29. It is a part of the sensitized material which is
the light that pass through. designed to hold back the light and prevents
halation.
21. It is referred to as the measure of distance between A. Anti-halation Backing
two (2) successive crest or through of wave and it is B. Base
expressed in either Millimicron (Nanometer) or C. Coat of Animal Gelatin
Angstrom. D. Emulsion
A. Light year B. • Emulsion- it refers to the upper layer of the
Frequency sensitized material that actually creates the
C. Light Wavelength D. Light positive print.
Volume • Base- supports the emulsion.
• Coat of Animal Gelatin- to prevent scratch or
22. It is a type of light in which their wavelength are damage to the sensitized material.
either too short or too long to excite the retina of the
human eye. 30. A black and white films possess several
A. Black Light B. Visible characteristics such as speed, spectral and granularity.
Light The speed will be referring to the sensitivity of the film
C. Invisible Light D. Bright to light and the spectral is the sensitivity to
Sunlight ________________.
• Visible Light- a type of light that can be seen
by the naked eye. A. Film Speed
B. Wavelength
23. It is used in chemical analysis and in curing and C. Electromagnetic Energy
hardening of different items for industrial purposes. D. all of these
A. long wave UV B. • Film Speed- sensitivity of the film to light.
medium wave UV • Spectral Sensitivity- sensitivity of the light to
C. short wave UV D. different wavelength.
ultraviolet rays
31. It is a type of film according to spectral sensitivity
24. It is a light source in which it already comes to wherein the film is sensitive to UV light up to the green
existence and is created by the divine providence light only.
without the intervention of humanity. A. Blue-Sensitive Film
A. Artificial Light B. Sunlight B. Orthochromatic Film → all light except red
C. Divine Light D. Natural Light C. Panchromatic Film
• Artificial Light- it is a source of light with the D. Infra-red Film
intervention of man.

• Blue-Sensitive Film- sensitive to UV light to
Blue 39. It is the part of the film holder of the camera that
• Panchromatic Film- sensitive to UV light to usually houses the film cartridge.
Green → all lights A. sprocket B.
• Infra-red Film- sensitive to UV light to Infra- locking catch
red C. guide roller D.
cavity
32. What emulsion speed indicator is express in an
arithmetic form? 40. This is attach to the shutter to prevent
A. ISO B. DIN accidental movement of the camera during the
C. ASA D. GNP exposure period.
• ISO (International Standard Organization)- A. Tripod B. Cable release
combination of arithmetic and logarithmic C. Light meter D. Extinction
form. meter
• DIN (Deutsche IndustreNormen)-
represented by logarithmic form. 41. This part of a camera is used to allow light to enter
through the lens for a predetermined time interval.
33. Photographic papers are classified into according to A. shutter
its emulsion speed, physical characteristics, surface B. holder of sensitized material
texture, color, and contrast. What are the essential C. view finder
classifications of photographic paper which is D. lens
considered as ideal to police work?
A. Silver bromide Paper, Single Weight, 42. What is the timing of the camera shutter and the
Glossy, Cream, and Velox #2 flash so that when the shutter is fully opened, that’s
B. Silver bromide Paper, Light Weight, Glossy, the time that the flash will yield its highest peaks of
White, and Velox #3 illumination called?
C. Silver bromide Paper, Single Weight, A. bounce flash B. synx
Glossy, White, and Velox #2 C. on camera flash D.
D. Silver chloride Paper, Single Weight, synchronization
Glossy, White, and Velox #0
43. The Fish–eye lens is a special type of camera
34. The following are the essential parts of the camera having a view angle of:
EXCEPT: A. 60 degrees B. 180 degrees
A. Light Tight Box B. Lens C. 90 degrees D. 360 degree
C. Tripod D.
Shutter 44. Which of the following is TRUE about the shutter
speed of the camera?
35. A type of camera in which the lens and shutter A. The faster the shutter speed, the more light it can
mounted to body by means of an accordion-pleated transmit. →less
bellows, which can be folded into camera foe ease of B. The shutter speed setting of ½ is slower than
carrying. the shutter speed of 1/60.
A. accordion camera B. folding C. The shutter speed setting of 1/250 is faster than the
camera shutter speed of 1/500. → slower
C. bellowed camera D. SLR D. The slower the shutter speed, the less light it can
transmit. → more
36. What is the main purpose of the camera as an
essential element of photography? • Shutter Speed- regulates the time exposure of
A. It is designed to collect or focus the reflected light the film.
from the object to form image on the film. (LENS) - the faster the shutter speed, the less light
B. It is designed to block the unwanted or will be exposed on the film. The slower the speed, the
unnecessary light from reaching the sensitized more light will be exposed in the film.
material.
C. It is created to control the passage of light once it
reaches the sensitized material. (SHUTTER) The fraction on the left is
D. None of these. 2x powerful faster than the
right.
37. What type of a camera is ideal to police 1/1 ½ ¼ 1/8 1/15 1/30 1/60 1/125 1/250
photography and also eliminate the parallax error? 1/500
A. View Finder Type B. Single Lens
Reflex 45. Refers to the range of illumination or the light
C. Twin Lens Reflex D. Press/View allowed to affect the sensitized material at a given
Camera time.
• View Finder- it is the earliest type of camera. A. Exposure B. Aperture
• Twins Lens Reflex- a camera that has two C. Shutter D. Shutter speed
lens: focus and capture.
• Press/View Camera- a large type of camera 46. It is a part of the camera which defines as the ratio
that is being used by media. between the diameter of the whole lens in relation to
the focal length of the lens is referred to as,
38. In the modernization of the photography, DSLR A. Lens Aperture B. Lens Opening
camera almost dominated the market because of its C. Focal Distance D. Both A and B
great features that are very useful in commercial photo • Lens Aperture- the bigger the diaphragm
shoots. What do DSLR means? opening, the more light it will pass through.
A. Double system reflex camera B. Dual Single -the smaller the diaphragm
reflex camera opening, the less light it will pass through.
C. Digital System reflex camera D. Digital Single - the lower the f-number, the
reflex camera bigger the diaphragm opening.

The number on the right is b. Concave (Negative or Diverging Lens)- characterized
2x powerful in terms of light gathering than the left by thinner at the center and thicker at the side and
produced a virtual image.
f-2.8 f-4 f-5.6 f-8 f-11 f-16
54. It is an inherent lens aberration wherein the lens
47. A device made of thin overlapping metal leaves has an inability to focus light passing through it and
within a lens or camera which can be adjusted to producing an image that is sharp in the center and
specific apertures of f-stops to control the amount of blurred at the side.
light that strikes the film. A. Spherical Aberration B. Coma
A. shutter B. diaphragm C. Chromatic Aberration D. Flare
C. aperture D. diaphragm • Coma- lateral aberration; light travelling
opening straight makes it blurred.
• Curvature of Field- relation of the images in
48. All practical lens images such as point a small blur the different points are incorrect.
which changes in character with the change of lens • Chromatic Aberration- inability of the lens to
aperture. The statement best describe: focus light in varying wavelength.
A. Diaphragm as a controller of depth of field • Distortion- defect in shape. It can either be
B. Diaphragm as a controller of speed Pincushion (curving outward) or Barrel
C. Diaphragm as a controller of (curving inward)
definition • Flare- producing multiple images.
D. Aperture
55. It is a type of lens which is capable of correcting
49. It is the mechanism of the camera designed to astigmatism.
control the degree of sharpness of the object to be A. Meniscus Lens B. Anastigmat
photograph. Lens
A. Range Finder B. C. Rapid Rectilinear Lens D. Achromatic
Ground Glass Lens
C. Focusing D. Scale • Meniscus Lens- lens with no correction.
Bed • Achromatic Lens- correcting chromatic
• Range Finder- refers to the coincidence or aberration.
split image type • Rapid Rectilinear Lens- lens corrected of
• Groundglass- object will be viewed to be distortion.
blurred and will turn sharp once adjusted. • Apochromatic Lens- lens used to correct both
• Scale Bed- estimating the distance of the astigmatism and chromatic aberration.
object and adjusting the camera control.
56. A lens defect that can affect resolution and
50. In photography using microprism, the image on clarity making it hard to obtain sharp images.
focus will usually shatter of an out of focus image and A. curvature of field B. spherical aberration
when it is exactly in focus the prisms seems to C. chromatic aberration D. coma
disappear. These microprisms are primarily found on: • Curvature of Field- dome-like image.
A. lens B. filter • chromatic aberration – color dispersion
C. viewfinder D. groundglass 57. This effect causes images to be spherized which
• View Finder- to determine the field of view of means the edges of images look curved and bowed
the camera. to the human eye.
A. pincushion distortion B. spherical
51. Pedro was taking a snap shot and expecting it to aberration
be sharp but an alteration happened to the expected C. barrel distortion D. wavy field
image because it can be seen in two viewpoints. What curvature
is that phenomenon? • Pincushion- curves inward.
A. out of focus B.
coincidence 58. It is the distance measured from the optical center
C. parallax D. split of the lens is set to focus at infinite position. It is also
image known as the fundamental characteristics of a lens that
Focusing Malfunctions: will determine the size of an image and area of
• Out of Focus (Coincidence)- a single object coverage of the lens
will appear double. A. Focal Length B. Hyperfocal
• Split-image- the image that is photographed Distance
will split into two parts. C. Depth of Field D. Relative
Aperture
52. It is the medium or mean which converges or
diverges light rays that passes through it and able to 59. A distance at which lens of a camera is focused with
form an image. a given particular diaphragm opening which will give
A. Lens B. the maximum depth of field is-
Camera A. Focal distance B. subject distances
C. Mirror D. None of these C. hyper focal distance D. focal length
53. It is a type of lens which characterized that it is 60. The distance between the nearest and the farthest
thicker at the center and thinner at the side and forms object in apparent sharp focus when the lens is focused
the image inversely. at a given point.
A. Convex Lens B. A. Angle of view B. Focal Length
Positive Lens C. Depth of Field D. Focus
C. Converging Lens • Focal Length- distance measured from the
D. All of the Above optical center of the lens is set to focus at
Two types of Lenses: infinite position.
a. Convex (Positive or Converging Lens) • Focus- setting of the proper distance in order
to form a shape image.

B. Gelatin
61. It is a focal lens not longer than the diagonal half D. Base
of the negative which is useful in taking photograph at
short distance with wider area coverage. 69. Which of the following supports the entire unit of
A. Normal or Medium Focus <35mm<70mm the enlarger, which usually holds the easel that
B. Wide Angle or Short Focus <35mm carries the photographic paper?
C. Long or Telephoto Lens >70mm A. Focusing mechanism
D. Zoom Lens (variable lens)- positive and C. Condenser lenses
negative lens B. Baseboard
D. Elevating control knob
62. The photographer in crime scene investigation has
to get as many photographs as he can. The first shot 70. A British scientist who made the first miniature
that he should make just after reaching the crime scene cameras, the so-called “mouse trap” cameras.
is the house where the crime of murder was committed A. Joseph Nicephore Niepce
to one of its ten rooms. In getting the façade of the C. Willian Henry Fox Talbot
house, what lens should he utilize? B. Louis Jacques Mande Daguerre
A. telephoto lens B. macro lens D. Sir John Herschel
C. normal lens D. wide angle
lens 71. It is the range in front of and behind a sharply
focused subject in which details also look sharp in the
63. SPO2 Cardo with his team conducted a thorough final photographic image.
stakeout of a certain building in Hotel Sogo. In order A. Focus
to document all the movements of their subjects, they C. Camera trick
applied the principles of photography with the aid of B. Depth of field
what particular lens mechanism? D. Aperture
A. wide angle lens B. zoom
lens 72. It is an electromagnetic energy which travels with
C. telephoto lens D. fish the speed of 186, 000 miles per second
eye lens A. light
B. energy
C. rays
64. It is a stage of the chemical process in which it is D. radiation
being done to reduce the silver halides to form the
image. 73. An artificial light source which contains in its tube
A. Development B. Stop certain powders capable of illuminating with some
Bath support from small amount of electricity. It is
C. Fixation D. commonly used in the house or commercial
Dodging establishment.
• Stop bath- prevent contamination between A. Incandescent lamp
the developer and the acid fixer. B. fluorescence lamp
• Fixation- all unexposed silver halides are C. photo flood lamp
dissolved. D. flash bulb
65. It is the main fixing agent that dissolves 74. Light in which their wavelengths are either too
unexposed silver halides. short or too long to excite the retina of the human eye?
A. Acetic Acid B. Sodium Sulfate a. visible
C. Potassium Bromide D. Sodium b. natural
Thiosulfate c. invisible
• Acetic Acid- serves as neutralizer d. artificial or man-made
• Potassium Bromide- restrainer or hardener
• Sodium Sulfate- serves as the preservative 75. What photographic rays have the longest
• Elon,Hydroquenone- use as main developing wavelength?
agent A. infrared
B. visible rays
66. It is the process of eliminating unwanted portion of C. ultraviolet
the negative during the enlarging process. D. x-rays
A. Cropping B. Dodging
C. Vignetting D. Dye Toning 76. Laser light is also referred to as ______?
• Cropping- omitting an object during the A. ultraviolet
process of enlarging. B. coherent
• Vignetting- gradual fading of the image C. visible
towards the side. D. Heat
• Dye Toning- changing the color tone of the
photograph. 77. What lens system of the camera reflects the light
passing the lens and mirror making the image possible
67. Fish –eye lens is a special type of camera having to be viewed from the viewfinder?
a view angle of: A. pentaprism
A. 60 degrees B. shutter
C. 90 degrees C. condenser
B. 180 degrees D. filter
D. 360 degrees
78. A part of the camera which controls the passage of
68. These are the components of a black and white light reaching the sensitized material? It compared to
film, except one…. the eyelid of the human eye.
A. Emulsion A. lens
C. Anti halation backing B. lens opening

C. shutter B. multiplying
D. Focal plane shutter C. subtracting
D. Dividing
79. A part of the camera which provides a means of
determining the extent of the area coverage of a given 89. A filter used in photographing fingerprints on a
lens? shiny or highly polished surfaced because it reduces
A. lens or eliminates glare is known as:
B. shutter A. Neutral density filter
C. view finder B. Polarizing filter
D. pentaprism C. Haze filter –smoke --fog
D. Contrast filter
80. What type of a film has the longest range of E. Correction filter—change color
sensitivity in the electromagnetic spectrum called?
A. orthochromatic film 90. If the basic exposure for a given film in bright
B. blue-sensitive film sunlight is l/125, f11, the exposure setting at dull
C. panchromatic film sunlight would be?
D. infra-red film A. 1/125 f4
B. 1/125 f5.6—Dull sunlight
81. Assuming all conditions will be the same, which film C. 1/125 f8 –Hazy Sunlight
gives the finest of grains? D. 1/125 f16
A. ASA 1000
B. ASA 100 91. What is the recommended size of photographic
C. ASA 200 evidence?
D. ASA 400 A. 5 x 7 inches
B. Passport size
82. What photo paper is ideal to be used in a normal C. 2 x 2 inches
exposed film? D. 4 x 8 inches
A. #1
B. #3 92. The reducers or the developing agents.
C. #2 A. Elon, Hydroquinone
D. #4 B. sodium carbonate --accelerator
C. sodium sulfate --preservative
83. What photo paper according to its chemical content D. potassium bromide –aka potassium alum --
is best suited for police photography? hardener
A. Silver Chloride paper
B. Silver Bromide paper Hydroquinone- William Abney
C. Silver Chlorobromide
D. Iodide paper 93. What is that process of eliminating unwanted
portions of a negative during enlarging process?
84. A convex lens is capable of? A. dodging
A. reducing the object B. vignetting
B. enlarging the object C. burning-in
C. making the object appear hairy D. Cropping
D. reducing the size of the picture
94. What shutter speed will freeze a moving object?
85. A lens defect which enables the lens to focus both A. B-shutter
horizontal and vertical lines in a plane at the same time B. Slow shutter
A. Coma C. Fast shutter
B. Astigmatism D. moderate shutter
C. Distortion
D. Chromatic aberration 95. How much light will the combination of 1/125, f-4
has compared to 1/250, f-5.6.
86. What type of a lens is used in a simplest and A. equal
cheapest type of a camera? B. 2 times
a. rapid rectilinear lens C. four times
b. meniscus lens D. 6 times
c. anastigmat lens
d. achromatic lens 96. That part of the camera responsible for
e. Apochromatic lens transmitting the light to form the image.
A. Light tight box
87. What lens has a variable focal length? B. shutter
A. wide angle lens C. Lens
B. normal focus lens D. view finder
C. telephoto lens
D. zoom lens 97. A part of the sensitized which is sensitive to light.
WIDE ANGLLE- less than 35mm –wide coverage— A. emulsion
object reduce size B. Anti-halation
NORMAL LENS- 35mm-70mm -- human vision C. base
TELEPHOTOLENS- more than 70mm –Narrow D. coating
coverage—object enlarged
ZOOM LENS- (+-) –no coverage –focus object FORENSIC BALLISTICS
1. It is the science of mobility of the projectile and the
88. When one uses a Photographic filter in taking a condition that affects their motion.
photograph, he is actually __________light rays or A. Forensic Ballistics B.
color from the light to reach the film. Applied Physics
A. adding

C. Ballistics D. 8. What occurs when a cartridge fails to explode on
Applied Science time or delayed in firing?
• Forensic Ballistics- a branch of ballistics in A. Knocking Power B. Hang
relation to the application of the law. fire
C. Recoil D. None of these
2. The word “Ballistics” comes from the Greek Words • Recoil- the rearward action of the gun after
“ballo” or “ballein” which means ___________. firing.
A. To Punch B. To
throw 9. This refers to the helical grooves cut in the interior
C. To slide D. To surface of the bore.
shoot A. swaging
B. ogive
3. It refers to the mobility or the movement of the C. rifling
projectile once it leaves the muzzle and until it reaches D. breaching
the target or fall in the ground.
A. Motion B. 10. The following conditions are NOT attributed to
Ballistics external ballistics, EXCEPT:
C. Ballista D. A. Firing pin hitting the primer.
Trajectory B. Ignition of the priming mixture.
• Ballista- gigantic catapult that was used to C. Energy generated at the muzzle point.
hurl missiles or large object at a distance. D. Rotation of the bullet inside the muzzle.
• Ballistics- study of the motion of the
projectile. Choices A,B and D refers to the motion of projectile
• Trajectory- it is the actual curve path of the under the interior or internal ballistics.
projectile while in its flight.
4. It is a type of motion of a projectile wherein the 11. It is termed as the stability of the bullet in flight
action of the bullet travelling passing through the rifled particularly in the parabola, which was credited to the
barrel is either twisted to the left or to the right. construction of the rifling.
A. Direct Motion B. Rotatory A. velocity
Motion B. stability in flight
C. Translational Motion D. C. gyroscopic action
Motion to Quash D. parabolic like flight
Types of Motion
• Direct Motion- forward motion of the bullet or 12. It is the distance at which the gunner has the
shot. control of shot where the bullet travel straight.
• Translational Motion- action of bullet once it A. Maximum Range
hits a target. B. Maximum Effective Range
C. Accurate Range
5. It is a branch of ballistics that treats of the motion D. Effective Range
of a projectile while still inside the firearm. • Effective Range- still capable of inflicting fatal
A. Interior ballistics B. injury.
Terminal ballistics • Maximum Range- farthest distance the bullet
C. Exterior ballistics D. could travel.
Forensic ballistics • Maximum Effective Range- farthest distance
Branches of Ballistics the bullet could take damage.
• Interior Ballistics
• Exterior Ballistics- deals with movement of the 13. In the terminal ballistics, It refers to the size of the
projectile after leaving the gun muzzle. bullet groupings on the target.
• Terminal Ballistics- deals with movement of A. Terminal penetration B.
the projectile after hitting the target. Terminal velocity
• Forensic Ballistics- application of ballistics to C. Terminal energy
law. D. Terminal accuracy
• Terminal Penetration- depth of entry of the
6. This is the actual curved path of the bullet during bullet.
its flight from the gun muzzle and target. • Terminal Velocity- speed of the bullet after
A. Air Resistance B. Velocity hitting the target.
C. Trajectory D. Pull of • Terminal Energy- force of the projectile after
Gravity hitting the target.
• Velocity- it refers to the speed of the bullet in
flight. 14. It is the rearward movement of the firearm after
• Pull of Gravity- the downward reaction of the explosion.
bullet towards the earth surface. A. velocity of the bullet
• Air Resistance- the opposing force of the air B. recoil of the firearm
against the bullet in flight. C. rotation of the bullet
D. inside the barrel energy generated
7. This refers to the deflection of the bullet from its
normal path after striking a resistant surface. 14. PINS Tina Moran was tasked to examine whether
A. Misfire B. the questioned bullet was fired from the suspected
Mushroom firearm and prepare her deductions for court
C. Ricochet D. Key testimony. The situation was part of what branch of
hole shot ballistics?
• Misfire- inability of the gun to shoot. A. Firearms Identification B. Technical
• Ricochet- the deflection of bullet after hitting examination
the target. C. Legal proceeding D.
Forensic ballistics

15. A field of forensic ballistics that includes the expert
examination of firearms, bullets and shells that would 21. It is the most prominent American maker of
determine whether or not a particular bullet is fired repeating firearms since 1850.
from a particular firearm, and whether or not a A. Volcanic repeating arms company
particular shell is loaded and ejected from the same
firearm and it is conducted in a forensic B. Browning firearms company
laboratory. What phase of forensic ballistics best C. Winchester repeating arms company
describes the statement? D. All of these
A. Field investigation B.
Technical examination 22. The following are the laws that give the legal and
C. Legal proceedings D. None technical definition of Firearms:
of the above A. Sec. 877 of the Revised
• Field Investigation- phase of forensic ballistic Administrative Code
which is conducted at the crime scene. B. Sec. 290 of the National Internal Revenue
• Technical examination- all related ballistics Code
exam is conducted in the laboratory. C. Republic Act No. 8294
• Legal Proceedings- preparation of ballistic D. All of the Above
evidences in the court proceedings.
23. This refers to the classification of firearms wherein
16. The rearward movement termed as recoil of the it has no rifling inside their gun barrel.
firearm is a natural phenomenon because of the A. Rifled Bore Firearm
expansion and explosion which was put into used by B. Smooth Bore Firearms
____ to create a fully automatic mechanism of the C. Machine guns D.
firearm. Shotguns
A. John M. Browning • Rifled Bore Firearms- with a rifling on their
B. Tyler Henry gun barrel.
C. Hiram Maxim
d. Horace Smith 24. The caliber of the smoothbore firearm case
• John Browning- wizard of modern firearms measure by?
• Tyler Henry- developed a .44 cal rim fire A. Gauge
cartridge B. Caliber
• Horace Smith- founded the firm Smith and C. Lands D.
Wesson Grooves
• Caliber- measurement of the distance
17. He patented the very first practical revolver in between lands and grooves.
which the cylinder will rotate if the hammer is cocked • Lands- the elevated portion of the bore of the
known as the single action mechanism. The statement barrel.
is referring to Samuel Colt but that mechanism was put • Grooves- the depressed portion of the bore of
into used because of the percussion system by: the barrel.
A. Samuel Colt
B. Hiram Maxim 25. This refers to the firearms that propels projectile
C. David Williams D. with more than one (1) inch in diameter.
Alexander John Forsyth A. Artillery
• Samuel Colt- patented the first practical B. Small Arms
revolver. C. Rifles
• Hiram Maxim- developed the first fully D. Carbine
automatic gun. • Small Arms- propel projectile that is one (1)
• David Williams- Maker of the first known inch or less in diameter.
carbine 26. It is an ancient smoothbore and loading
shoulder arms designed to fire a shot or a single round
18. He gave his name to a whole class of firearms; he lead ball.
is also the manufacturer of the Pocket Pistol. A. Shotgun B. Rifle
A. John M. Browning C. Carbine D.
B. Samuel Colt Muskets
C. Col. Calvin H. Goddard D. • Rifles- barrel with more than 22 inches.
Henry Derringer • Carbine- barrel
• Col. Calvin H. Goddard- “Father of Ballistics.”
27. What type of a firearm is commonly used by
19. He invented a submachine gun in the 1950’s cavalry?
which was used by the Israeli Army during its Sinai A. Carbine
campaign in 1956. B. Pistol
A. Alexander John Forsyth B. Uziel C. Revolver
Gal D. Rifle
C. Major Patrick Ferguson D. John
C. Garand 28. It is a barrel construction of a shotgun in which
• Major Patrick Ferguson- maker of Collier Rifle there is a diminishing bore diameter towards its
muzzle.
20. The very first self-exploding cartridges were A. Cylinder Bore Type Shotgun
invented on 1836 and it was called as the pin-fire B. Choke Bore type shotgun
cartridge which came into realization through the C. Paradox Type Shotgun D. Single
invention of: Barrel Shotgun
A. Le Faucheux • Cylinder Bore Type Shotgun- bore size is the
B. Hiram Maxim same up to the barrel.
C. Flobert • Paradox Type Shotgun- rifling a few each at
D. Alexander John Forsyth the muzzle end.
• Flobert- developed the Rim-fire cartridge.

29. It is an early muzzle-loaded firearm used in the 36. A shooting incident was happened wherein five
15th to 17th centuries. Like its successor, the musket, people were found dead on the scene of the crime.
it is a smoothbore firearm, but it is lighter and easier During the incident, it was found out that the firearm
to carry. It is a forerunner of the rifle and other long- involve uses a pistol size ammunition but having
arm firearms. contains a shoulder stock because it was fired in a
A. arquebus distance. The scene was filled by cartridge cases but
B. musket there was only one empty magazine recovered. If
C. blunderbuss you are the investigator, what type of firearm was
D. rifle used?
A. machine gun
30. Handguns that can be fired several times by B. sub machine gun
means of cartridge stored in the handle are called. C. automatic firearm
A. Pistols D. none of these
B. Revolver
C. Self-loading pistol 37. What is the best way of picking a suspected firearm
D. Automatic Firearm at the crime scene?
• Revolver- position the cartridge for firing A. Picking it through the handle
through the rotating cylinder. B. Picking it through the barrel
• Automatic Firearm- continuous firing while C. Inserting a handkerchief or string
the trigger is pressed. straw at the trigger guard
D. Inserting a rod at the barrel
31. Pistols were slowly developed throughout the time
form simple to a more sophisticated firearm. According 38. How is the serial number of a firearm or engine
to history, it was believed the word pistol was taken number of vehicle restored?
from the Italian word Pistoia which literally means: A. By polishing stamped serial number
A. small gun B. By cleaning obliterated surface
B. coin C. By removing the zone of strain
C. city D. By applying etching reagent
D. hand gun
39. The chemical eating away of the bore of a firearm
32. It is a type of firearm designed to fire several loads due to rusting of the action of salts deposited from the
(shot) in one loading. gunpowder is:
A. Single Shot Firearms A. pressure
B. Repeating Firearms B. corrosion
B. Double Action D. Single C. erosion
Action D. decomposition
• Single Shot Firearms- only one shot for every
loading. 40. Technically speaking, the term ammunition refers
• Repeating Arms- fire several shots in one to a group of cartridges or to a single unit or single
loading. cartridge. What is now a cartridge?
• Single Action- revolver; manual cocking of the A. the entire primer assembly consisting of
hammer. primer cup, priming mixture, and the anvil
• Double Action- revolver; not need manual B. a complete unfired unit consisting of
cocking. a bullet, cartridge case, gunpowder and primer
C. an entire cartridge case, including
33. Is that part of a firearm which houses all the other extracting groove, shell head, and the crimp
parts. D. the bullet consisting of the nose, the body
A. Housing and the base.
B. Frame
C. Casing 41. The Morse cartridge in 1858 marked the beginning
D. Chamber of the rapid development of the
A. Pin-fire cartridge B.
34. It is the mechanism of a firearm which withdraws Center-fire cartridge
the empty shells from the chamber? C. Rim fire cartridge D. None
A. Ejector of these
B. Extractor • Pin-fire (La Facheux)- ignition cap is hidden
C. Firing pin inside the cartridge.
D. Extractor pin • Rim Fire (Flobert)- primer is at the rim of the
• Ejector- thrown out the shell from the firearm. cartridge.
• Center Fire- primer is at the center of the
35. These are devices that are not really designed to base.
become a weapon but because of its mechanism that 42. What should be the classification of a shell when
is the same as those in the firearm they are already the diameter of the rim is larger than the diameter of
considered as miscellaneous guns. the shell’s body?
A. tool A. Belted type B.
B. zip guns Rimless case
C. traps D. cane C. Rebated type D.
guns Rimmed case
• Zip Guns- home-made gun. Used by the • Rimless- the shell’s diameter is equal. No rim.
juvenile gang in the US. • Rebated- rim diameter is smaller than the
• Tool- resembles a gun but used for shell.
construction. • Belted Type- a belt is located around the
• Traps- used to catch fish and for animal shell’s body.
hunting purposes.
43. The following are the advantages of using
cartridges, except

A. greatly speeded the loading of weapons A. Cannelure
B. avoided waste of powder from spillage B. Crimp
C. soldiers carry with them a bag of C. Vent or Flash Hole
powder and the ball bullets to battles every time D. Base
D. provided a uniform charge from shot to • Cannelure- prevent the bullet from being
shot pushed down.
• Crimp- prevent bullet from being pulled out.
44. The very first self-exploding cartridges were
invented on 1836 and it was called as the pin-fire 52. A type of primer with two vents or flash holes.
cartridge which came into realization through the A. Bordan primer B.
invention of: Berdan Primer (Colonel Hiram S. Berdan)
A. Le Faucheux C. Battery Primer D. Boxer
B. Hiram Maxim Primer
C. Flobert • Boxer Primer- one flash hole.
D. Alexander John Forsyth
53. It is the ignition system of the cartridge used in a
45. The unit of measurement of a shotgun is expressed center fire type, containing a highly sensitive chemical
in gauge, however, it is still convertible into inch. What compound that would ignite into flame once hit by the
is the equivalent of 10 Gauge shotgun to inch? firing pin.
A. .410 inch A. Primer
B. .775 inch B. Priming Mixture
C. .729 inch C. Anvil
D. .670 inch D. Disc
• Priming Mixture (percussion powder)- highly
46. A type of a bullet designed to be fired at night sensitive compound. The one that ignites.
which emits a bright flame at its base and usually • Anvil- absorbs the blow of firing pin and
colored red-tip. initiates ignition.
A. Armor piercing B. • Disc- protect primer from moisture attack.
Tracer bullet
C. Incendiary bullet D. 54. Fired Cartridge case/shell are usually mark at the
Explosive _________?
• Armor piercing- capable of penetrating light A. At the base
armor. B. Side or body of the shell
• Incendiary Bullet (blue-tip)- target will burst C. At the rim
into flame. D. Any of these
• Explosive Bullet- detonates upon impact on
target. 55. It is that mixture of chemicals of various
compositions designed to propel the projectile by
47. The word bullet was derived from the French word, means of expansive force of gases when burned.
“Boulette” which means ___________. A. Propellant
A. stone B. a metal B. Gun Powder
C. A small ball D. None C. Potassium Nitrate
of these D. Either A or B
Gun Powder Development
48. A cartridge case is a metallic or non-metallic • Black Powder- oldest known explosive and
container that holds the bullet, primer and the contains Potassium Nitrate (75%), charcoal
gunpowder into one or otherwise known as the shell or (15%) and sulfur (10%)
casing. What does the cartridge case made up of? • Smokeless Powder- presently used gun
A. 30% copper and 70% zinc powder.
B. 40% nitroglycerine and 60% nitrocellulose ➢ Capt. E. Schultze- first
C. 70% copper and 30% zinc smokeless powder in
D. 75% potassium nitrate, 15% charcoal, and shotgun.
10% sulfur ➢ Paul Vielle- first smokeless
powder in rifle
49. According to the diameter of the base or rim of the
cartridge cases, which is common to revolver and shot 56. Smokeless powders were first invented by Paul
gun cartridges? Vielle making its way to become the very first
A. Diameter is greater than the body satisfactory smokeless powder. It was first release in
what place?
B. presence of extracting grooves A. Italy
C. Diameter of rim is equal to the body B. France
D. Made of brass case C. England
D. Rome
50. It is the part of the cartridge case designed to limit
the forward movement of the cartridge to the chamber. 57. It refers to the characteristics of a firearm which
A. Extracting Grooves are determinable even before the manufacture of the
B. Base firearm?
C. Primer Pocket D. Rim A. Class Characteristics
• Extracting grooves- for the withdrawal of the B. Individual Characteristics
case. C. Repetitive mark
• Base- bottom portion of the case. D. accidental mark
• Primer Pocket- hold primer in place.
58. Characteristics which are determinable only after
51. It is a hole at the bottom of the primer pocket the manufacture of the firearm.
where the ignited priming mixture will pass through to A. class characteristics
impart an ignition to the propellant. B. forensic characteristics

C. rifling characteristics • Shearing Mark- “Secondary Pin Mark”
D. Individual characteristics • Magazine Lip Mark- found at the rim due to
loading of cartridge to the magazine.
59. The most important single process in a barrel • Chamber Mark- around the body of the
manufacture from the standpoint of the identification cartridge because of the firearms chamber.
expert is:
A. reaming operation 64. What do you call the type of instrument used in
B. rifling operation measuring pitch of rifling firearms?
C. lapping operation A. Torsion Balance
D. drilling operation B. Helixometer
Manufacture of Barrel C. Thermometer
• Drilling- creating a hole in the firearm. D. Caliper
• Reaming- smoothens and polishing the hole. • Torsion Balance- measure the weight of
• Rifling- making helical grooves on the barrel. bullet.
• Lapping- applying breech face at the rear of • Caliper- measure the caliber of firearm.
the barrel.
65. What instrument is used in measuring the velocity
60. It refers to the measure of the twisting of the lands of the bullet?
and grooves or one complete turn. A. Calipher B.
A. Pitch of rifling Torsion Balance
B. Bore diameter C. Helixometer D.
C. Lands and grooves Chronograph
D. Bullet twisting
Class Characteristics 66. A shooting incident was happened wherein five
• Bore Diameter- the measure between two people were found dead on the scene of the crime.
lands. During the incident, it was found out that the firearm
• Lands and grooves- both have the same involve uses a pistol size ammunition but having
number inside the barrel. contains a shoulder stock because it was fired in a
distance. The scene was filled by cartridge cases but
61. A fired bullet with six lands and grooves twisted to there was only one empty magazine recovered. If you
the right is fired from the barrel of a firearm with are the investigator, what type of firearm was used?
identical class characteristics as that of: A. machine gun
A. Browning C. automatic firearm
B. Colt B. sub machine gun
C. Smith and Wesson D. none of these
D. Steyr
Types of Rifling 67. The person accredited as successful inventor of gun
• Steyer- 4LGR – 4rgl powder.
• Carbine- 4LG2XR – 4rg2x A. Horace smith
• Smith & Wesson- 5LGR – 5rgl B. Alexander John Forsyth
• Colt- 6LG2XL C. Berthhold Schwartz
• Browning- 6LG2XR D. Col Calvin H. Goddard
• Winchester- 6LG3XR
• Webley- 7LG3XR 68. It is the science of mobility of the projectile.
A. forensic ballistics
62. A shaving marks on a bullet is due to: B. ballistics
A. Oversized barrel C. applied physics
B. Poor alignment of the cylinder to the D. applied science
bore of the barrel
C. Oily barrel 69. A Greek word from which the word “ballistics” was
D. Delayed combustion derived which means “to throw”
Marks found at the Fired Bullets A. Ballien or ballo
• Land Marks- caused by lands of the firearm. B. Catapult
• Groove Marks- caused by grooves of the C. Ballistics
firearm. D. Ballista -roman gigantic catapult
• Skid Marks- caused by the forward motion of Latin -CHARTA- paper
the bullet inside the chamber. Italian Word -Pistoia/Pistola – A city
• Stripping Marks- due to loose fit barrel. Boullette –small ball
• Shaving Marks- due to poorly aligned cylinder. Cartouche – Rolled paper
• Slippage Marks- passing through oily or Mousquette –small hawk
oversized barrel.
70. What initiates the combustion of the gunpowder in
63. It is a mark found at the base portion of the mouth a shell?
of the shell caused by backward movement to the A. hammer
breech face of the block of the firearm. B. primer
A. Firing Pin Mark C. trigger
B. Breech Face Mark D. flash hole
C. Extractor Mark Flash Hole (Vent)
D. Magazine Lip Mark 1. Boxer -1 hole
Marks found on Fired Shells 2. Berdan -2 holes
• Firing Pin Mark- found at the base portion due 3. Battery Cap Primer – Shotgun
to firing pin of the firearm.
• Extractor Mark- found at the extracting 71. The stillness or the steadiness of the bullet in flight?
groove due to its withdrawal. A. key hole shot
• Ejector Mark- located near the rim of the B. ricochet
cartridge after he shell have been thrown out. C. yaw

D. gyroscopic action C. 75% potassium chlorate, 10 % charcoal and
15 % sulfur.
72. A device that fits over the muzzle of the barrel to D. 75% potassium nitrate, 10% charcoal and
muffle the sound of a gunshot. Most work by baffling 15% sulfur.,
the escape of gases.
a. Buffer 82. What instrument is used in measuring the pitch of
b. Silencer rifling of a firearm and it was developed by John H.
c. Magazine Fisher?
d. Hanger a. Bullet Recovery Box
b. Helixometer
73. The FP-45 (Liberator gun or Woolworth gun) was c. Analytical Torsion Balance
put into service use by American troops during WWII d. Chronograph
against insurgent, it could effectively in an 8 yards e. Bullet Comparison Microscope
range. The Liberator gun use what caliber of
ammunition? 83. Individual marks found at the interior portion of the
a. Caliber .50 bullet due to poor alignment of the cylinder with bore
b. Caliber .38 of the firearm.
c. Caliber .357 a. Skid marks
d. Caliber .45 b. Shaving marks
c. Stripping marks
74. What type of a firearm contains rifling only a few d. Slippage marks
inches from the muzzle point?
A. cylinder type QUESTIONED DOCUMENT
B. choke bore
C. rifled bore 1. Any material that contains a mark symbol or sign,
D. Paradox either visible, partially visible or invisible that may
presently or ultimately convey a meaning or a message
75. It is known as the smallest pistol commercially to someone.
available center fire cartridge and patented by Franz
Pfannl in 1914. A. Document B.
a. Kolibri Standard Document
b. Miniature Revolver C1ST -smallest revolver C. Questioned Document D. Public
c. Handgun Caliber .50 -most powerful gun Document
d. UZI
2. A condensed and compact set of authentic specimen
76. A part of a firearm which houses all the other parts. which is adequate and proper should contain a cross
a. Receiver section of the material from known sources is:
b. Barrel A. Disguised document B. Public
c. Frame Document
d. Chamber C. Standard document D.
Official document
77. The mechanism of a firearm which withdraws the
empty shells from the chamber? 3. It is a classification of document in which it is issued
A. Ejector by a public official in the exercise of the functions
B. Firing pin of his office.
C. Extractor A. Public Document
D. Extractor pin B. Official Document
C. Private Document
78. Is a complete unfired unit consisting of bullet, D. Commercial Document
primer, gun powder and shell:
A. ammunition 4. A kind of document executed by a person in
B. cartridge authority and by private parties but notarized by
C. shotgun cartridge competent officials.
D. missile A. private document
B. Commercial document
79. A type of ammunition which does not have bullet C. public document
used in film-making: D. Official document
A. Dummy Ammunition -model
B. Blank Ammunition 5. Majority of questioned document cases are
C. Drill Ammunition -walang gunpowder concerned with _________?
D. Live Ammunition A. Documents Age
B. Disproving Alibis
80. A metallic or non-metallic cylindrical container C. Proving Authorship
which serves as the projector for the propellant against D. Counterfeiting
moisture?
A. Bullet 6. Questioned document examination is known by
B. Primer many names except one:
C. Cartridge case A. Forensic document examination B.
D. Paper disc Document classification
C. Handwriting examination
81. Black powder basically composed of: D. Handwriting analysis
A. 75% potassium chlorate, 15% charcoal and
10% sulfur. 7. The art of beautiful writing is known as
B. 75% potassium nitrate, 15% charcoal A. Drafting
and 10% sulfur. B. Calligraphy

C. Art appreciation
D. Cacography 15. It is a line whether imaginary or straight line in
• Cacography- bad writing which the writing rest.
A. Slant B. Baseline
8. Which of these refers to the art of determining the B. Cursive Line D. Rhythm
character or disposition of person by analyzing his • Cursive- letters are joined together.
handwriting? • Slant- the inclination of the letter relative to
A. Calligraphy B. the baseline.
Graphology
C. Haplography D. QD 16. Refers to the design of letters which are
Examination fundamental to a writing system.
A. Copy book form B. Line
9. It is a type of standard document executed in the quality
day to day activities and is being produced in the C. System of writing D.
regular course of man’s activity. Writing movement
A. Notarized Document B.
Contemporary Document 17. It refers to any repeated elements of a person’s
C. Collected/Procured Document handwriting which serves as identifying
D. Requested/Dictated Document characteristics.
• Requested/Dictated Document (Post Litem A. Handwriting B.
Motam)- executed upon request Significant Writing Habits
C. Writing D.
10. In this class of questioned documents, papers, inks, Writing Habits
watermarks and the continuity of all the writing in the Development of Writing
document is being considered and scrutinized. • Writing- visible result of a very complicated
A. documents attacked on the question of series of acts.
their age and date • Handwriting- visible effect of bodily
B. documents attacked on the question movement that is unconsciously done.
of materials in their production • Writing Habits
C. holograph documents questioned or • Significant Writing Habits- unique and well
disputed fixed and a concrete basis of individuality.
D. documents containing alleged fraudulent
alterations 18. It is a specimen of writing executed deliberately
with an attempt of changing its usual writing habits to
11. In the history of questioned document hide his/her identity.
examination, who was the British examiner of A. Natural Writing
questioned document who said that an intelligent B. Hand lettering
police investigator can detect almost 75% of all C. Guided/Assisted Writing
forgeries by careful inspection of a document with D. Disguised
simple magnifiers and measuring tools was;
A. Alphonse Bertillion B. Types of Handwriting
Detective Allan Pinkerton • Hand lettering- letters are disconnected.
C. Dr. Wilson Harrison D. • Natural Writing- executed normally without
Richard Henry intention of altering writing habits.
• Guided or Assisted- for beginners. A writer’s
12. Contemporary handwriting standards means that hand is at rest and being assisted by others.
the age of the standards should be within?
A. 8 years from the date of the question 19. To be able to make a positive identification of a
document person, document examiner must be able to observe
B. 10 years prior to the date of the questioned the ________.
document A. Characteristics of his handwriting
C. 5 years prior to the date of the B. Writing position of the writer
questioned document C. Manner on how the writer moves the pain
D. 15 years prior to the date of the questioned D. Distinguishing individual features of
document his handwriting
13. What is the Latin word for “paper” 20. This movement may be categorized into hesitating
A. cartouche (French) and painful due to weakness and illness.
B. penna A. tremors
C. charta B. wrist movement
D. papyrus (Egyptian) C. quality of movement
D. whole arm movement
14. It is the combination of then basic shape and
designs of letter and the writing instrument which was 21. It is a name of a person which represent as an
taught in school. identification in a document and serves as an
acknowledgement of the document signed.
A. Copy Book Form B. A. Evidential Signature
System of Writing B. Model Signature
C. Handwriting D. C. Signature
Writing Movement D. Fingerprint
• Copy Book Form- illustration of the basic • Evidential Signature- executed in particular
design of letters. date, time and place under the same writing
• Writing Movement- factors in connection to condition.
the motion of the pen.
• Handwriting- a visible effect of bodily 22. A genuine signature used to prepare an imitated or
movement. traced forgery is known as

A. Evidential Signature C. Show bad quality of ink lines
B. Forged Signature D. Patchwork Appearance
C. Model signature
D. Repeated Signature 29. Mr. Navilla is a good writer in town. Many of her
books were successfully published and were being
23. Mr. A, a Chief of the Intelligence Division of PNP, loved by her fans because of the trademark of Mr.
will sign a “Confidential” file as an approval regarding Navilla’s penmanship. If you are going to examine the
the operation against the notorious drug syndicate in handwriting of Mr. Navilla, what will be the right term
their locality. What class of signature does Mr. A for Mr. Navilla’s trade mark of penmanship?
executed? A. Writing Maturity
A. Formal or Complete B. Personal Legibility
B. Informal or Cursory C. Writing skill
C. Careless Scribble D. Individual Characteristic
D. Forgery
Classes of Signature 30. It is a type of characteristics which is commonly
• Formal or Complete- for vital documents. found in the specimen writing of other persons.
• Informal/Cursory- for daily or routine
documents. A. Gross Characteristics B.
• Careless Scribble- not very important Individual Characteristics
document. C. Class Characteristics D. A
and C
24. A fraudulent signature whereby there is no
apparent attempt at simulation or imitation, or the 31. The rounded inner part of an upper curve, bend
person (suspect) merely signs the name in his name or crook of a letter.
and or used another signature and possess the A. Humps B. Blunt
document before the fraud is discovered. C. Arc D. Beard
A. Fraudulent Forgery • Beard- introductory up and down stroke.
B.Spurious Forgery/Simple Forgery • Humps- outer part of the upper curve.
C. Simulated Forgery D. • Blunt- abrupt beginning or end.
Traced Forgery
Types of Forgery 32. It is the body of the letter which is described as a
• Simple Forgery- no attempt of imitating other small rounded or circular strokes.
signature. A. Central Part B. Buckle
• Simulated Forgery- most skillful. Resembles Knot
genuine signature through free-hand writing. C. Ductus-link
• Traced Forgery- follow the outline of the D. Eyelet-eyeloop
original signature. • Buckle Knot- horizontal loop strokes to
complete letters.
25. A signature in a check is suspected to have been • Ductus-link- connection between letters.
forged. The signatory does not remember categorically • Eyelet- small oblong strokes.
whether he had issued the check. The signature was 33. It is an introductory backward strokes found in
compared with a genuine signature but both were in most capital letters.
the same in size and shape. What will be your A. Hiatus B. Hitch
conclusion about the signature? C. Knob D. Loop
A. genuine; the signatory only forgot the • Hiatus- obvious gap between letters.
issuance of the check • Knob- tiny pool of ink at beginning or end of
B. genuine; both signatures are exactly the letters.
same in size and shape • Loop- oblong strokes.
C. forgery; the signatory just want to deny the
issuance of the check 34. It is term as “the backbone of the letter”
D. forgery; no signature is exactly the characterized by a long downward stroke.
same in all aspects when compared A. Stem B. Initial/terminal
Spur
26. A document becomes questioned documents when C. Through D. Whirl
_____ or alterations, this usually affect the original • Whirl- long upward stroke opposite the
meaning of a document. stem.
A. Forge B. • Initial/terminal Stroke- long running initial or
Fraudulent terminal stroke.
C. Changes • Through- garland form of strokes.
D. Signature
35. It is an additional stroke that serves as an
27. As a rule, it is easier to determine whether or not ornament or artistic design to a letter which is not
a signature is forgery, but it is very difficult on the other relevant to a writing.
hand to establish who committed the forgery because: A. Embellishment B. Rubrics
A. the forger might be a left handed C. Diacritics D. A or
B. imitation is one of the most effective means B
to disguise one’s handwriting • Diacritics- strokes added to complete letters.
C. it might be a traced forgery Only found on three letters.
D. there is no sufficient standard
available 36. One points that should be considered in QD
examination is the familiarization of the shape and
28. The following are characteristics of forgery except design of individual letters of the source which was
one: referred to as the:
A. Presence of Natural Variation A. characteristics B. form
B. Multiple Pen Lifts

C. individual characteristics D.
rhythm 44. A person who can write either with his left or right
hand is called–
37. It is a type of writing movement which is usually A. Ambidextrous
found on a child who starts to learn how to write or B. Analogous
draw. C. Bicephalous D.
A. Hand Movement B. Dextrous or Dexterous
Finger Movement
C. Forearm Movement D. Whole 45. A fluid or viscous marking material used for writing
Arm Movement or printing.
Types of Movement A. Pen
• Finger- used by beginners and there is lack of B. Ink
freedom. C. Coal
• Hand- limited freedom. D. Chalk
• Forearm- most skillful type of movement.
• Whole Arm- for ornamental or large writing. 46. An ink that is made by grinding carbon in the form
of vegetable char with varnish made of natural gums
38. PINSP. Dalisay is investigating a fraudulent and drying oils.
handwriting having clear cut strokes and an evident A. Record ink
lack of freedom. This is an indication that: B. Liquid-lead pencil ink
A. The writer is using his fingers in C. Stamp-pad inks
writing D. Printing ink
B. The has intentionally slowing his writing
speed to disguise it 47. If ballpoint was patented by John Loud, who
C. The writer has a very fine handwriting patented the first practical fountain pen containing its
D. All of these own ink reservoir?
A. William Mitchel B. Lewis
39. In the recognition of handwriting characteristics, it Waterman
offers ability of distinguishing characteristics which are C. Swamp Reed D.
normal and disguised. What was being emphasized in Harrison Ford
the statement?
A. Examination 48. This are usually the result from contact with the
B. Distinguishing other writings.
C. Familiarization A. Folds and Creases B. Blots
D. Analysis C. Perforation D.
Smears
40. It refers to the average or usual pressure applied 49. It refers to any form of changes either by addition
in the writing. or deletion to the original document which is not a
A. Pen Pressure B. Pen Emphasis content of its original preparation.
C. Rhythm D. Skills A. Erasure B.
• Pen Emphasis- increase in speed while the Alteration
forcing the pen on the paper. C. Mechanical Erasure D.
• Rhythm- harmonious stroke. Chemical Erasure
• Erasure- removing the writing in a document.
41. It is an interruption in the stroke caused by the
immediate removal of the writing pen from the surface 50. A kind of erasure by using a rubber eraser, sharp
of the paper. knife, razor blade or picking instrument.
A. Pen Position A. mechanical erasure B.
B. Pen Scope electronic erasure
C. Shading C. magnetic erasure D.
D. Pen Lift chemical erasure (use of bleaching agent)
• Pen Position- position of pen in the paper
surface. 51. It is a process of spreading too much ink over an
• Pen Scope- reach of the hand while the wrist original writing to make it undecipherable or illegible.
is at rest. A. Obliteration B.
• Shading- increase in the width of letter. Charred Document
C. Contact Writing
42. It is the stroke which goes back over the previous D. Invisible Writing
writing strokes. • Contact Writing- sudden contact of fresh ink
A. Retracing from a paper surface to another.
B. Retouching • Invisible Writing- no visible writing in the
C. Patching paper surface using sympathetic inks.
D. Shading • Charred Document- partly burned document.
• Retouching or Patching- goes back over the
defective writing. 52. The process of making out what is illegible or what
has been effaced.
43. It is the usual or normal individual’s handwriting. A. Comparison B.
A. Transitory Change Collation
B. Natural Variations C. Obliteration D.
C. Tremor Decipherment
D. Writing Conditions
• Transitory Change- there is a temporary 53. Is a light examination in which the source of
changes in the person’s condition that illumination strikes the surface of the paper from the
diverts them to their normal writing. back or at the bottom, usually designed in
• Tremor- weakening of strokes. identification of water markings?

A. Direct Light B. Side A. Analysis
Light B. Comparison
C. Oblique Light D. C. Evaluation
Transmitted Light D. All of these
Analysis - Properties or characteristics are observed
54. In a conventional typewriter, it refers to the or measured.
printing surface of the type block in which each letter Comparison - Properties or characteristics of the
will be found. unknown determined through analysis are now
A. Characters B. compared with the familiar or recorded properties of
Typeface known items.
C. Alphabet D. None
of these 62. In order to attain sound conclusions regarding the
certain questioned document, the QD examiner should
55. It is an abnormality in the type printing in which it collect all the desired standards from the person
refers to the actual damage to the typeface metal. suspected or alleged to have committed a certain act.
A. Mal-Alignment B. Permanent How many exemplars should at least be collected if the
Defects issue is about signatures.
C. Typeface Defects D. A. 10
Transitory Defects B. 11
• Mal-alignment- the letters are printed inclined C. 7
from its proper position. D. 25
• Permanent Defects- cannot be corrected by
simply cleaning the machine. 63. A kind of erasure by using a rubber eraser, sharp
• Transitory Defect- can be corrected by simply knife, razor blade or picking instrument.
cleaning the machine. A. mechanical erasure
C. magnetic erasure
56. It is a type of mal-alignment wherein a character is B. electronic erasure
printed above or below its correct position. D. chemical erasure
A. Horizontal Mal-alignment
B. Vertical Mal-alignment 64. An applicant for a job had tried to manipulate his
C. Twisted Letters document (Birth Certificate) so that he would fit to the
D. Off-its-Feet age qualification. It found out that the document
• Horizontal mal-alignment- printed either to contains some discrepancies in a form of addition and
the left or right. deletion of letters and figures in the document. Which
• Twisted Letters- letters lean to the left or right document would this fall?
once printed. A. inserted document
• Off-its-feet- some part of a letter is heavily C. disputed document
printed than the remaining outline. B. altered document
57. It is a typeface defect in which the print provides a D. obliterated document
double or overlapping impression.
A. Actual Breakage B. 65. In the course of your examination, you
Rebound encountered a very important document to a
C. Actual Breakage D. particular case, however said document allegedly
Clogged Typeface contain erasures done mechanical abrasion which
• Actual Breakage- actual damage to the resulted in the translucency of the document. Under
typeface. the situation what best method can be employed to
• Clogged Typeface- typeface produced dirty detect such erasure?
prints. A. oblique light
C. ordinary light
58. It is a type of conventional typewriter in which the B. transmitted light
characters is 12 inch horizontal. D. infrared viewer
A. Pica (10)
B. Elite 66. A document completely written and signed by one
C. Typewriter person is known as____________.
D. Betamax A. Holograpic document
B. Questioned document
59. The author of a typewritten document can be C. Standard document
identified through D. None of the above
A. his peculiar style of indention,
grammar composition, and paragraphing 67. It serves as the focal points of all document
B. individual characteristics of the typewriter examination and it is where the document examiner
machine relies as to the determination of the appropriate
C. design and style of the typewriter’s examination and the extent of the problem involved.
character A. Questioned document
D. brand and model of the typewriter B. Standard document
C. Private document
60. Legally speaking, what is the description of the act D. Commercial document
of passing, delivering, or giving a counterfeit coin to
another person? 68. A specimen of writing which was executed in the
A. Counterfeiting B. Falsification regular course of one’s activities.
C. Reproduction D. A. requested
Uttering B. executed at one time
C. collected
61. It is the identifying of similarities and dissimilarities, D. day to day standard
determination of likelihood of occurrence, and
weighing down of the significance of each factor.

69. Refers to the study of one’s handwriting in 79. What is that which widens the ink strokes due to
attempting to determine one’s personality. the added pressure on a flexible pen point?
A. Agraphia A. pen pressure -diin
B. Chromatography B. pen lifting –pagkaputol ng stroke dahil
C. graphology inangat
D. handwriting identification C. Pen shading -pagkapal ng sulat
D. Retouching -binalikan dahil may aayusin sa
70. He is known Father of Questioned Document stroke
A. Albert S. Osborn E. Skill
B. Dr. Hans Gross
C. Ordway Hilton 80. What was done, when one retouches or goes back
D. Edmond Locard over a defective portion of a writing stroke?
A. retracing
71. The combination of the basic designs of letter and B. Pen pressure
the writing movement involved in the writing? C. patching
A. copy book form D. Pen shading
B. system of writing
C. erasure 81. What is that interruption in a stroke, caused by
D. Writing movement “Mobility” sudden removal of the writing instrument from the
paper surface?
72. The visible record of the written strokes resulting A. Pen emphasis --pen pressure + pen speed
from a combination of various factors associated to the +Pen shading
motion of the pen? Is the overall quality of the strokes? B. pen lift
A. Obliteration C. Pen scope --lawak ng pagsulat
B. writing habits D. Pen position
C. line quality E. Pen hold
D. significant writing habits
E. Decipherment “Process of making out” 82. Strokes which goes back over another writing
strokes and which is slightly to occur due to lack of
73. A type of a document which bears the seals of the movement control.
office issuing and the authorized signature to such A. retouching
document. B. Pen shading
A. Public document C. retracing
B. Official document D. Blunt
C. private document
D. commercial document 83. The outer portion of a curve bend or crook?
A. humps
74. A specimen of writing prepared with deliberate B. arc -inner
intent of altering the usual writing habits in the hope C. Knob
of hiding his identity? D. central part -body
A. disguised writing
B. cursive --dikit -dikit 84. What is that introductory up and down stroke found
C. hand lettering -hiwa-hiwalay in almost all capital letters?
D. block capital –malalaking letter A. hitch
B. humps
75. A specimen of writing which was executed without C. beard --double hitch
intention of changing the usual writing habits. It is D. whirl
executed normally by the writer.
A. Natural writing 85. Forged signature made by free hand movement
B. Guided writing and constant practice is called:
C. disguised writing A. Traced forgery --drawing
D. Dr. Wilson Harrison B. Simple forgery
C. Simulated forgery --copied
76. Writing forms can either be a disconnected or D. spurious signature
joined letter writings. What specimen of writing is
characterized by disconnected style? 86. A type of forgery which involves fraudulent
A. Hand lettering signature executed by actually following the outline of
B. Manuscript form a genuine signature with a writing instrument?
C. cursive writing A. carbon outline process
D. cuneiform –wedge writing B. indention process
77. A genuine signature which was used in the C. Projection or transmitted light process
preparation of a simulated or traced forgery. D. traced
A. Writing “Visible result”
B. Signature 87. It is one of the most expensive instruments used
C. Model signature for examination of documents that would show three
D. evidential signature dimensional enlargements?
A. stereoscopic microscope
78. A modern pen nib which contains a reservoir of ink B. infrared gadget
in a specially designed back or chamber is described C. ultraviolet light
as. D. Electrostatic Detection Apparatus
A. fountain pen
B. pencil 88. An illegible form of a writing which is characterized
C. fiber pen by partially visible depression appearing underneath
D. ball point pen the original writing.
A. invisible writing
B. indented writing

C. Charred document A. fear
D. contact writing B. stimuli
C. response
89. Is a typeface defect in which the letters are printed D. reaction
to the right or left of its proper position?
A. vertical mal alignment 8. Ordeal is a term of varying meaning closely related
B. horizontal mal alignment in the Medieval Latin “Dei Indicum” which means –
C. twisted letter A. Divine intervention B.
D. off-its feet Miraculous decision
C. God’s hand D. God’s
90. A type of abnormality/defects in typewriter that can favor
easily be corrected by simply cleaning the machine or
replacing the ribbon? 9. It is one of the ancient practices in detecting
A. temporary defect deception wherein an accuser will fight against the
B. clogged type face accused in a duel and whoever lost the fight will be
C. permanent defect adjudged guilty.
D. actual breakage A. Red Hot Iron Ordeal B. Rice
Chewing Ordeal
LIE DETECTION AND INTERROGATION C. Balance Ordeal D. Trial By
1. It is the scientific methods of detecting deception Combat
done with the aid of a polygraph machine. • Red Hot Iron Ordeal- the tongue will touch an
A. Lie Detection B. Polygraph extremely hot metal for 9 times.
C. Polygraphy D. Lie Detector • Rice Chewing Ordeal- signs of deception once
the rice is spit dry.
2. He is known as the first man who used the word • Balance Ordeal- woman are accused of
“Polygraphy”? witchcraft if it appears that she has a very
A. Francis Galton B. Isaac Newton light weight.
C. Thomas Jefferson D. Henry
Fox Talbot 10. American psychologist who constructed an
• Francis Galton- creates the “Word Association instrument in 1926 which is capable of continuously
Test” recording all the three phenomena-blood pressure,
pulse and respirations- during the entire period of the
3. Who was the first person to develop a polygraph test.
apparatus that was used in detecting deception? A. John A. Larson B.
A. John Larson B. Leonarde Keeler
Leonarde Keeler C. John E. Reid D.
C. Angelo Mosso D. Cesare Marcelo Malpighi
Lombroso John Larson -Breadboard Polygraph – capable of
• John Larson (1921)- invented the recording continually and simultaneously the
“Breadboard Lie Detector” respiration and cardiovascular activities.
• Leonarde Keeler (1926)- added kymograph in Leonarde Keeler - he made a modification of
the polygraph machine. Larson’s instrument. Keeler included the
• Angelo Mosso- put emphasis on the Psychogalvanometer (PGR), a third measuring
importance of fear in detecting deception. component of his instrument which was also known as
Used the scientific cradle. Galvanic Skin Reflex (GSR) invented by Italian
• Cesare Lombroso- Hydrosphymograph Physiologist Galvani in 1791.
4. It is a principle of polygraphy which says that a 11. He is the heart specialized who is credited for the
polygraph is capable of making graphic record invention of the “Ink Polygraph”
consisting of dependable information regarding the A. Sticker B.
physiological changes of the body. Veraguth
A. Psychological Leg Basic Premise- happens in C. James Mackenzie D. Cleve
the central nervous system. Backster
B. Physiological Leg Basic Premise- physiological • Sticker- study the function of sweat glands to
changes after the following the stimulation of skin resistance.
the Central Nervous System. • Veraguth- used the term Psycho-galvanic skin
C. Mechanical Leg Basic Premise reflex.
D. None of these
12. The use of “truth serums” such as sodium
5. It is an act of deceiving or misleading committed by penthothal or phenobarbi in the questioning of
a person usually accompanied by lying. suspects is called:
A. Admission B. Lying A. Narcoanalysis B. Sugar
C. Deception D. and vinegar
Confession C. The detector test D. Word
association method
6. In “polygraph examination”, the term “examination”
means a detection of 13. Intoxication of alcohol used the Latin maxim “In
A. forgery vino, veritas” as underlying principle. This latin maxim
B. emotion is literally translated as ____________.
C. the mind A. there is wine in truth B. In
D. deception truth, there is wine
C. there is truth in wine D. In
7. It refers to an emotional response to a specific wine, there is truth
danger, which appears to go beyond a person’s
defensive power. 14. One of this is a principal use of polygraph
instrument;

A. Invaluable aid in investigation
B. To determine the facts of the case 23. When the subject is highly nervous, what should
C. To determine the guilt or innocence of the the examiner do?
subject A. Reschedule the examination
D. A very good substitute of the investigation B. Prolong the period of the pre-test
interview
15. The polygraph instrument is also known as a lie C. Call for a doctor or request for an
detector, but research clearly shows that it cannot ambulance
determine or detect a lying person. What then is the D. Do not continue with the pre-test and ask
use of polygraph instrument? the subject for his available date for
A. To record physiological reactions of reschedule
the subject.
B. To record psychological reactions of the 24. What is the first step to be done in a pre-test
subject. interview?
C. To record and determine the facts of the A. ask the subject regarding all information
case based on the chart taken. the circumstances surrounding the commission of the
D. To record psychogalvanic reflex of the crime
subject. B. examiner tells the nature and
characteristics of the polygraph examination to
16. This component records the changes of breathing the subject
of the subject C. you are informed of your rights
A. Cardiosphygmograph B. against self incrimination and your right to a
Pneumograph counsel
C. Kymograph D. D. facts of the case must be prepared prior to
Galvanograph the questioning of the subject
• Cardiosphygmograph- records changes in to monitor response
heart and pulse beat.
• Galvanograph- records changes in skin 25. The following should be taken onto consideration
resistance. during the pre-test, EXCEPT:
A. appraisal of the subject's constitutional
17. This is the longest and the second pen of the rights
instrument. B. Obtain subject's consent to undergo
A. Pneumograph (5-inch) B. examination
Galvanograph (7inch) C. taking history record of the subject
C. Cardiosphygmograph (5-inch) D. evaluating the psychological preparations
D. Kymograph of the subject
• Pneumograph- 1st pen and composed of two
pens (thoracic and abdominal breather) 26. The purpose of the pre test interview is to
• Galvanograph- 2nd pen. A. gather more information from the subject
• Cardiosphymograph- 3rd pen. B. acquire confession or admission
C. prepare the subject for the test
18. Cold damp perspiration is a manifestation of shock, D. condition the subject's questions
fear and anxiety. Perspiration means?
A. Breathing 27. In polygraph test, after the subject affirms that he
B. Pulse beat is involved in a crime the examiner should report it to
C. Sweating the?
D. Heart rate A. Investigator B. Object relative
C. Prosecutor D. Judge
19. What part of the polygraph instrument that drives
the chart paper at six inches per minute during the 28. This refers to the actual questioning phase of the
test? polygraph examination.
A. Kymograph assembly A. Pre test
B. Electronic motor drive B. Preliminary Interview
C. Chart drive mini-motor D. C. Test Execution
Reactograph drive motor D. Post test
20. What is the most important thing to consider in a 29. The following are specific rules to be followed in
polygraph result? the formulation of the questions in a polygraph test
A. the competence of the examiner except one.
B. the knowledge of the examiner A. Questions must be clear and phrased in a
C. the training of the examiner language the subject can easily understand.
D. the experience of the examiner B. Questions must be answerable by yes or
21. The primary purpose of pre-test interview. no.
A. Obtain confession C. Questions must be as short as possible.
B. Prepare subject for polygraph test D. Questions must all be in the form of
C. Make the subject calm accusation
D. Explain the polygraph test procedures
30. It is conducted after the actual test designed to
22. Prior to the examination the subject should have at obtained confession or admission from the subject.
least ___ hours of sleep. A. Post-test Interview/interrogation
A. 5 hours B. Actual Test
B. 12 hours C. Chart Probing
C. 2 hours D. Investigation
D. 3 hours
• 12 hours- should avoid taking drugs
• 2 hours- stop smoking

31. Refers to the brief confrontation between the C. General Question Test D. Peak
subject and the polygraph examiner done every after of Tension Test
taking each chart. 41. A list of stimulus and non-stimulus words are read
A. Initial Interview B. Pre- to the subject who is instructed to answer as quickly as
Test Interview possible.
C. Chart Probing D. Post- A. Word association test
Test Interview B. Psychological stress evaluator
C. Card test
32. If the polygraph test result indicates innocence, D. Hypnosis
what should the examiner do?
A. release the subject cordially 42. Under backster zone comparison test technique,
B. thank the subject for his cooperation color zones are applied in identifying so many
C. ask the subject if he has any questions questions used during the test. If the color zone for
irrelevant question is yellow, what then is the color
D. all of the above zone for strong relevant questions?
A. Red
33. It is a type of question in which it established the B. Black (Symptomatic Questions)
norms of the subject and it pertains to the basic C. Green D.
background of the subject. It only ask questions not Orange
related to the matter under investigation.
43. A well phrased question designed to cause a
A. Relevant Question B. response from a subject is technically called –
Irrelevant Question A. accusatory statement
C. Knowledge Question D. C. symptomatic
Evidence-Connecting Question B. specific stimulus
D. irrelevant
34. “Were you in the place of the Mr. Fundador on the question
night of April 27, 2016?” is an example of what
question? 44. These are questions unrelated to the matter
A. Relevant question under investigation but are of similar nature.
B. Irrelevant question A. Relevant Questions
C. Weak relevant question D. C. Control Questions
Strong relevant question B. Irrelevant Questions
D. Conclusive
35. The deviation from normal tracing of the subject in Questions
the relevant question.
A. Reaction 45. What is the symbol used to indicate start of the
B. Normal response polygraph test marked in the chart?
C. Positive response D. A. X
Specific response C. W
B. Y
36. In polygraph examination, what is the standardized D. XX
chart marking to begin or start the questioning?
A. B 46. What test is given if a subject of interrogation is
B. S not yet informed of the details of the offense for
C. X which he is being interrogated by the investigation, or
D. C by other persons or from other sources like the print
media?
37. If polygraph tracing of a subject indicates that he A. Peak of Tension test
is truthful, the examiners finding should be: C. IQ Test
A. Conclusive B. B. Control test
Inconclusive D. Guilt Complex
C. Negative D. Test
Positive
47. The first man noted for the use of the word
38. In a polygraph test, what test technique does the “Polygraph”
examiner used if he utilized padding questions? A. Thomas Jefferson
A. Peak of tension test B. B. Galileo Galilee -Pulselogium
Stimulation test C. Cesare Lombroso –Hydrosphygmograph
C. General question test D. Zone (1898)
comparison test D. Sir James Mackenzie –ink polygraph
• General Question Test- series of relevant and
irrelevant question in a proper order. 48. The person who devises an instrument that can
record changes of blood pressure, pulse beat and
39. Which of the following causes physiological respiration simultaneously which he called the “Bread
changes in the body of the subject? board Lie Detector”.
A. Peak of tension test B. the fear of A. Angelo Mosso –used fear as a sign of
retaliation deception
C. Irrelevant question D. B. John E. Reid – Silent Answer Test
Relevant question C. John A. Larson
D. William M. Marston – Systolic BP –
40. It is a type of question in which it is designed to Discontinous Technique
establish response from an innocent subject. PLETHYSMOGRAPH (Frank Flake)
A. Relevant Question
B. Control Question 49. A person who makes a great improvement on the
polygraph machine in the year 1926.

A. George Sticker –skin resistance 57. A section of the polygraph machine designed to run
B. Harold Burtt –Respiration→ weak + Systolic the paper at a regular speed of 6 inches per minutes.
Blood Pressure A. kymograph
C. Richard O. Arthur B. pen and inking system
D. Leonarde Keeler C. pnuemograph
Accuracy (3 MAJOR COMPONENTS) D. galvanogaph
1. Cardiograph – blood pressure &Pulse Beat –
Bottom – Red- 5 inches 58. An attachment of the cardiosphygmograph which
2. Galvanograph – Electrodermal activity (EDA) placed above the brachial artery.
-Center -Blue – 7inches A. arm cuff
3. Pneumograph – Respiration—Thorasic B. infant cuff
(Chest) & Abdomen -Top -Green -5 inches C. Wrist cuff
4. Kymograph -pull the polygraph D. hand cuff
5. Pen and Inking System – permanent record
59. Generally speaking, all persons subjected to lie
50. He devised a quantitative analysis on a polygraph detector examination are all ___ and this creates a set
chart and the test called Backster Zone Comparison of distortion.
Technique. A. Terrified
A. Cleve Backster B. nervous
B. Richard D. Arthur C. convenient
C. C.D. Lee D. confident
D. Ruckmick “Electro dermal response”
60. A short horizontal line in a cardio tracing located at
51. An ancient method of detecting deception practice the middle of the diastolic stem?
in Bengal, India was accused to prove his innocent A. Dicrotic
would touch his tongue to an extremely hot metal. B. Diastolic -downward tracing
A. boiling water ordeal C. Diastotic
B. red hot iron ordeal D. Systolic -upward tracing
C. Donkey’s tail ordeal
D. Trial by combat 61. Is the normal rate of pulse beat of an adult subject
Dei Indicum – Miraculous Decision in a polygraph test?
A. 60 –65
52. The scientific basis of the polygraph test which B. 70 – 75
states that the polygraph machine is an instrument C. 6- 12
capable of making records of various human D. 13- 15
functioning simultaneously in a chart paper?
A. mechanical leg basic premise 62. What should be the mark placed on a chart paper
B. psychological leg basic premise at the start of the test?
C. physiological leg basic premise A. X/60/1.5 A
D. psycho motor leg basic premise B. X/50/2.5 A
C. XX/60/1.5 A
53. A type of deceit for the purpose of humor, when D. XXX/60/2.5 A
the falsehood is generally understood, is often
regarded as not immoral and is widely practiced by 63. An irrelevant question added before and after a
humorists and comedians. relevant question?
A. Black lie -character assassination—Intriguing A. Padding question
against honor B. Relevant Question
B. Red lie -politician C. Control or Comparison Question
C. Jocose lie - D. None of the above
D. Malicious lie --Mislead-False testimony-
perjury-obstruction of justice 64. A type of test designed to overly responsive
subject, consisting of questions that are purely
54. A Hindu book of science and health which is fictitious incident of a similar nature to the one that is
considered one of the earliest references on detecting under investigation?
deception. A. General question test
A. Ayur Vida B. Symptomatic questions
B. Dharmasatra of Gautama C. guilt complex test
C. Vasistra of Dharmasastra D. silent answer test
D. Legendary red book by Choi
65. What is the part of the cardio component which
55. Which of the following is a major component of the indicate the system in millimeters of mercury?
polygraph machine? A. Hydro Sphygmomanometer
A. Blood pressure cuff B. Sphygmomanometer
B. Pen and inking system C. Stethoscope
C. kymograph D. Microscope
D. cardiosphygmograph
LEGAL MEDICINE
56. A part of the pneumograph component which was
attached to the body of the subject with the usual 1. It is the branch of medicine which deals with the
length of 10 inches. study of medical knowledge and expertise in the
A. beaded chain administration of justice and for the purposes of law.
B. rubber convoluted tube A. Forensic Medicine
C. finger electrode plate B. Legal Medicine
D. blood pressure cuff C. Medical Jurisprudence
D. Medicine

• Forensic Medicine- use of medical science in C. 25
the elucidation of legal problems. D. 26
• Legal Medicine- branch of medicine relative to
the application in administration of justice. 10. In forensic examination, a tip of the hair is
examined to determine if it was _______.
2. In the strict sense of the word, Forensic A. Bend B.
Medicine means Folded
A. application of medicine to legal cases C. Stretched
B. application of science to elucidate legal D. Cut
problem
C. knowledge of law in relation to practice of 11. How many hours does the stomach completely
medicine digest a medium meal?
D. none of these A. 2-3 hours
B. 3-4 hours
3. Legal medicine is that branch of medicine which C. 5-6 hours
deals with the application of medical knowledge to the D. 1 hour
purpose of _____.
A. Law and administration of justice Light Meal – 1-2 Hours
B. Determination of cause of death Heavy Meal – 4- 6 Hours
C. Identifying the victim
D. None of these 12. Which of the following personal identification is not
easy to change?
4. A person allowed who gives his/her opinion or A. Hair
conclusion on a given scientific evidence is considered B. Speech
A. interrogator B. C. Dress
expert witness D. Personal Paraphernalia
C. prosecutor D. judge
13. This is a characteristic that shows the manner of
5. He is the 1st earliest known medico-legal expert walking of an individual.
A. Imhotep A. Mannerism
B. Antitius B. Gait
C. Dr. Enrique V. De Los Santos C. Complexion
D. Dr. Rafael Gerard V. Mas D. Cerebellar Gait
• Antitius- earliest known forensic pathologist.
• Dr. Enrique De Los Santos- 1st Chief, NBI 14. Mr. Nachor walks like a robot. His legs are held
Medico-Legal together and the steps are dragged and short. It is the
• Dr. Rafael Gerard V. Mas- authored the first best description of what manner of walking?
legal medicine textbook. A. Cerebellar
B. Ataxic
6. He is considered as the “Father of Medicine” C. Paretic
A. Paulus Zachias B. D. Spastic
Hippocrates
C. MathiueOrfila D. 15. Which of the following is TRUE in the determination
Gabriel Tarde of age of the fetus?
• Paulus Zachias- “Father of Legal Medicine A. For fetus more than 25 cm, find the square root of
• MathiueOrfila- “Father of Modern Toxicology” the length in centimeters and the result is the age
• Gabriel Tarde- credited for “Law of Imitation” of the fetus in month.
B. For fetus less than 25 cm, find the square root of
7. It is the system used in the Philippines which is the length in centimeters and the result is the age
handled by a medical jurist who is a registered of the fetus in month.
physician and duly qualified to practice medicine in the C. For fetus more than 25 cm, divide the length of
Philippines. the fetus in centimeters by 5 and the result will be
A. Medical Examiner System age in month
B. Medico-Legal System D. Both B and C are correct.
C. Coroner System
D. None of these 16. In what month of fetus life does the lanugo or hair
• Medical Examiner- headed by the Chief, of the fetus appears?
Medical Examiner. Investigates the cause of A. 5th month B. 6th month
death of the victim. C 7th month D. 8th month
• Coroner System- headed by country coroner.
Unlike the two systems, it has the 17. Children conceived by prostitutes are called
investigative and judicial functions. A. manceres
B. adulterous
8. Personal identification by dental characteristics is C. illegitimate D.
called- incestuous
A. Anthropometry B.
Forensic Odontology 18. In what year does the pubic hair of the female
C. Portrait Parle appears?
D. Victimology A. 16 years old B. 14
years old
9. Approximately, height can be measure by extending C. 13 years old D. 12
the middle fingers of both hands laterally. What age years old
when a person ceases to increase in height? • 14 y/o- pubic hair for male
A. 24 • 16-18 y/o- Mustache and Beard
B. 23 - Change of voice
• 13-14 y/o- Breast

• 12 y/o- Menstruation 26. It is the discoloration of the body after death when
the blood tends to pool to the dependent portion of the
19. It is a state of complete persistent cessation of the body. It is important in the determination of the
vital function of the body such as the function of the position of the body after death.
heart, lungs, and brain. A. Rigor Mortis B.
A. Life B. Cadaveric Spasm
Death C. Post-Mortem Lividity D.
C. Insomnia D. Secondary Flaccidity
Nymphomania
27. The color of blood in post mortem Lividity?
20. It is a type of death which is usually declare by the A. Blue
physician or maybe the immediate member of the B. Violet
family due to sudden loss of respiration and other signs C. Pink
of death. D. Bright red
A. Clinical or Somatic Death
B. Molecular or Cellular Death 28. It is a stage of lividity when the discoloration is due
C. Apparent Death to the blood pooled in the most dependent areas of the
D. State of Suspended Animation body.
• Molecular Death- death of individual cells of A. Hypostatic Lividity
the body. B. Diffusion Lividity
• Apparent Death/State of Suspended C. Post-Mortem Caloricity D. Frost
Animation- temporary cessation of the vital Bite
functions of the body. • Diffusion Lividity- permanent discoloration of
blood in dependent parts.
21. Mr. Forgotten was abandoned by the family,
unvisited and let alone to die. This is the best example 29. This is an interlacing discoloration commonly
of what type of clinical death? purplish brown that forms a network on the large part
A. Sociological death B. of the cadaver such as the chest and abdomen.
Psychic death A. Putrefaction B.
C. Biologic death D. Physiologic Marbolization
death C. Livor mortis D.
Psychic Death- panghuhula Maceration
Biologic death – due to disease • Putrefaction- evolution of foul smell in
Physiologic death – due to old age decomposition process of the dead body.
22. Examination of the victim’s body in order to • Maceration- softening and discoloration of
determine the cause of death and what internal organs tissues.
were destroyed in injured.
A. autopsy 30. It is a form of putrefaction in which a body fluid is
B. probe removed before decomposition sets which resulted to
C. embalming the preservation of the dead body.
D. surgery A. Saponification
B. Maceration
23. It is the sudden rigidity of the muscle which occurs C. Mummification
happens immediately after death due to nervous D. Marbolization
tension, exhaustion and injury to the nervous system. • Saponification- adipocere is formed
A. Rigor Mortis B. characterized by greasy substance on the
Cadaveric Spasm surface of the body after death.
C. Primary Flaccidity D.
Secondary Flaccidity 31. Their presence in the cadaver would indicate that
• Rigor Mortis-stiffening of the muscle after death has occurred not more than 24 hours hence are
death. useful to approximate the time of death.
• Primary Flaccidity- muscles are relax and A. Flies
capable of contraction. B. Bees
• Secondary Flaccidity- dissolution of muscle C. Earthworms
proteins and no longer responding to D. Butterflies
mechanical or electrical stimulus.
32. It is a type of pathological death wherein there is a
24. Which of the following is true about post mortem failure on functioning of the heart.
rigidity? A. Asphyxia B.
A. It is the instant stiffening of the muscles in Syncope
a certain group C. Coma D. Death
B. It is characterized by hardening of the • Asphyxia- failure in lung function.
muscles due to the coagulation of proteins • Coma- failure in brain function.
C. It lasts from 12-36 hours
D. It is characterized by hardening of the 33. It is a type of asphyxia which is associated with the
muscles due to the solidification of protein. failure of the arterial blood to become normally
25. It is an increase of temperature due to fast, early supplied with oxygen.
putrefactive and chemical changes in the body, which A. Anoxic Death B.
occur 1-3 hours after death. Anemic Anoxic Death
A. Post- mortem caloricity C.Stagnant Anoxic Death D.
B. Post- mortem rigidity Histotoxic Anoxic Death
C. Instantaneous rigor D. • Anemic Anoxic Death- arterial blood lacks
Putrefaction oxygen.
• Post-Mortem Rigidity or Rigor Mortis • Stagnant Anoxic Death- failure in blood
• Instantaneous Rigor or Cadaveric Spasm circulation.

• Histotoxic Death- normal circulation of blood 42. What is the term referring to those wounds inflicted
but not absorb by the body. in a forward motion?
A. Hit wounds
34. A victim of homicide was found lying on the floor B. Explosion
at his own apartment. On the deductive process of the C. Thrust wounds
investigation, the cause of the victim’s death is D. Hack wounds
asphyxia by applying pressure to the latter’s neck while
the assailant using his arms was on the back of the 43. An open wound produced by a sharp-pointed
victim. The statement best describes: instrument and is characterized by a small opening of
A. Strangulation the wound.
B. Crush or traumatic asphyxia A. Stab wound
C. Choking B. Abrasion wound
D. Mugging C. Incised wound
• Strangulation (Throttling)- use of hands or D. Punctured wound
ligature.
• Crush- compression of chest by heavy object. 44. In gunshot wounds, when there is evident burning
• Choking- blocking of interior airways. of tissues and blackening of the skin, it may be
• Smothering/Suffocation- blockage of exterior ascertained that it is a near contact fire meaning that
airways. the distance of the body to the gun is approximately.
• Hanging- neck is tied while body is A. 6 inches
suspended. B. 18 inches
C. 12 inches
35. It refers to the injury in body in which it is D. 24 inches
deliberately afflicted by the physical agents which
produces damage or harm to the body. 45. If the number of gunshot wounds of entrance and
A. Injury B. exit found in the body of the victim is even, the
Physical Injury presumption is that no bullet is lodged in the body, but
C. Wound if the number of gunshot wounds entrance and exit is
D. None of these odd, the presumption is that one or more bullets might
36. Accident classified according to severity are- have been lodged in the body. What principle is this?
A. Death, property damage A. Presumption of Similarity B. Odd-
B. Fatal, non-fatal, property damage Even Rule
C. Principle of Infallibility D. Numbering
C. Physical injuries and death Principle
D. Slight, less serious, serious physical injuries
46. If the powder has produced gray or yellow marks
37. A physical injury wherein the offended victim is in a gunshot wound, it indicates?
incapacitated for work or requires medical assistance A. The individual died after the shooting
for 10 days or more but not more than 30 days. B. The individual was dead before the
A. Slight physical injury (1-9 days) shooting
B. Mutilation C. The person shot himself
C. Serious physical injury (more than 30 days) D. The person was shot 36 meters away from
D. less serious physical injury the shooter
38. A wound which if inflicted in the seriously in the 47. If the soil found on suspect’s clothing is consistent
body might endanger one’s life. with soil found at the crime scene, this would indicate
A. mortal wound that:
B. trauma A. the suspect was in the area at the same
C. coup injury time
D. superficial wound B. the suspect has committed the crime
C. the suspect was in the area at the
39. A wound produced by a blunt instrument such as time of the crime
club and stone. D. the suspect is guilty of the crime
A. incised wound B. hack
wound 48. What would be the presumption if fleas were still
C. lacerated wound alive on the clothing of a dead person that allegedly
D. punctured wound drowned?
• Incised Wound- by sharp edge weapon. A. fleas could not survived for more than 24
• Hack Wound- through excessive force that hour on the water
creates irregular wounds. B. fleas would indicate that person was
• Punctured- pointed object. drowned
C. indicates that the person was in the
40. The following are valid classifications of wound, water for not more than 24 hours
except: D. fleas indicates that early stage of
A. Abrasions putrefaction
B. Contusions
C. Hematoma 49. Several tests could be administered to the victim’s
D. Gun Shot Wound body in order to ascertain if there is still sign of life.
What is that test in which a ligature will be applied
41. A type of wound which result of a persons around the victim’s finger?
instinctive reaction of self protection A. Icard’s test B. finger
A. Patterned Wounds webs test
B. Deep Wounds C. Magnus test D.
C. Defense Wounds Winslow’s test
D. Self-Inflicted Wounds • Icard’s Test-

• Finger Web’s Test- reddish nerves in the A. Cunnilingus B
hand. Fellatio
• Winslow’s Test- check for air in the nose. C. Sadism D.
Masochism
50. What refers to the cutting of a body part of another • Cunnilingus- licking the vagina of a woman.
person to weaken his defense? • Sadism (Active Algolagnia)- infliction of pain
A. Castration to another.
B. Mayhem • Masochism (Passive Algolagnia)- inflicting
C. Mutilation pain to oneself.
D. Amputation
58. It is sexual deviation in which a person has sexual
51. It is a type of close wound which characterizes by desire for statutes.
the large extravasation of blood in a newly formed A. Auto-Sexuality B. Frottage
cavity that appears like swelling. C. Pygmalionism D.
A. Contusion Voyeurism
B. Petechiae • Auto-sexuality- masturbation
C. Hematoma • Frottage- rub of sexual organ against other
D. Bruise person’s body.
• Contusion or bruise • Voyeurism- peep to see a person naked.
• Petechiae- extravasation of blood in a newly
formed cavity with pin point in the center. 59. A type of wound which result of a person’s
instinctive reaction of self-protection
52. A break or solution in the continuity of bone refers A. Patterned Wounds
to what? C. Defense
A. Fracture Wounds
B. Wound B. Deep Wounds
C. Dislocation D. Sprain D. Self-Inflicted Wounds
• Dislocation- displacement of bones from
joints. 60. State of not knowing sex life and have not
• Sprain- tearing of ligaments and tendon. experienced sexual intercourse:
A. Physical virginity
53. It refers to a physical injury found at the site and C. Moral virginity
opposite site of the application of force. B. Demi-virginity
A. Coup Injury D. Virgo-intacta
B. Contre-coup injury
C. Coup-contre-coup injury 61. A condition characterized by hardening of the
D. Extensive Injury muscle and coagulation of muscles and due to
• Coup-Injury- side of application. exposure to burn and hot spot.
• Contre Coup- opposite of the application. A. Cold stiffening
• Coup Contre Coup- both sides. C. Heat stiffening
• Locus Minoris Resistencia- least resistance
part is damaged. B. rigor mortis
• Extensive Injury- greater area of damage. D. algor mortis
54. A condition of women who had one or more sexual 62. Mr. Choypapi was caught stealing the personal
experience but does not conceived a child. belongings of Mr. Palambing particularly a pale of
A. virgo-intacta B. demi- paint. When Mr. Choypapi fled together with the stolen
virginity item, he did not notice that there was a hole in the pale
C. moral virginity D. that causes continues dropping of the paint. These
physical virginity drops of paint are example of physical evidence which
• Moral Virginity- not knowing sexual life and can be considered as…
not having sexual experience. A. Corpus Delicti Evidence
• Physical Virginity- know sexual life but does B. Associative evidence
not experienced sexual intercourse. C. Tracing evidence
• Demi-virginity- having sex but not allowing
the rupture of hymen. D. None of these
55. This will always be applied to children below the of 63. The normal amount of semen per ejaculation of a
age puberty. normal built person?
A. physical virginity A. 1.5 to 3.5 cc
B. demi- virginity B. 2.5 to 3.5 cc
C. moral virginity C. 3.5 to 5.5 cc
D. virgo-intacta D. 3.5 to 4.5 cc
56. It refers to the excessive sexual urge of a woman. 64. What kind of a solution is used in the restoration of
A. Nymphomania B. Satyriasis serial numbers?
C. Incest D. A. saturated solution of sodium bicarbonate
Homosexuality B. colloidal magnesium
• Satyriasis- sexual urge of man. C. etching solution
• Incest- sex with blood relative. D. borax solution
• Homosexuality- sex with same gender.
65. Person who is qualified to conduct toxicological
57. It is the female who receives the penis of a man examination?
into her mouth by friction of lips in an act of sucking A. Physician
which causes orgasm. B. medico-legal
C. forensic examiner

D. forensic pathologist B. Euthanasia
C. sudden death
66. Gun powder residue maybe determined by? D. Post-mortem caloricity
A. Takayama test -blood
B. Diphenylamine-paraffin test 77. Stage of muscular change, which occurs 3-6 hours
C. Autopsy after death characteristics by stiffening of the muscles.
D. Florence test -seminal fluid A. livor mortis
B. secondary flaccidity
67. It is a biological test for blood? C. algor mortis
A. benzidine test --Preliminary Test D. post-mortem rigidity
B. blood grouping/typing
C. takayama test—Confirmatory Test 78. Pulverization of the body into ashes with the use of
D. precipitin test intense fire___
A. charring
68. A preliminary test in blood in a solution of 1 to B. cremation
300,000 dilution is: C. exhumation
A. Benzidine test PT D. baking
B. Phenolphthalein test PT
C. Guiacum test PT 79. Maggots are seen in dead bodies particularly in
D. Takayama test CT warm countries within how many days from death.
A. l day
69. The cuticle of the animal hair is: B. 2 days
A. Rounded - HUMAN C. 3 days
B. serrated D. 4 days
C. oblong
D. circular 80. Livor mortis or post mortem lividity is completed in
how many hours after death?
70. A gait similar to that of a duck is? A. 24 hours
A. paretic -sakang B. 12 hours
B. waddling C. 36 hours
C. spastic -robot D. 48 hours
D. cow’s -piki
81. Average time of decomposition for tropical
71. It is a complete and persistent cessation of vital countries such as Philippines –
reactions such as respiration, circulation and almost all A. 12 to 24 hours
brain functions. B. 24 to 48 hours
A. death C. 36 to 48 hours
B. somatic death D. 48 to 72 hours
C. apparent death
D. molecular death 82. A wound which resembles the shape or object of
the instrument which caused it.
72. Which of the following is a more conclusive sign of A. defense wound
death– B. patterned wound
A. cessation of respiration C. self-inflicted wound
B. cessation of heart function and circulation D. mutilated wound
C. cooling of the body
D. heating of the body 83. Wound produced by a butcher’s knife.
A. punctured wound
73. It is a change of the color of the body after death B. hack wound
when blood accumulates in the dependent portion of C. lacerated wound
the body. D. incised wound
A. Rigor mortis -time of death
B. livor mortis 84. A person who is considered dead if no rate of fall
C. algor mortis -sign of death of body temperature is about
D. none of the above A. 10 to 15°F
B. 20 to 25° F
74. The breaking down of the complex proteins into C. 15 to 20°F
simpler component associated with the evolution of D. 25 to 30° F
foul-smelling gases and accompanied by the change of
color of the body. 85. Period of time wherein the body would be
A. putrefaction completely skeletonized under normal conditions in
B. auto digestion tropical countries
C. maceration A. 1 month
D. saponification B. 3 months
C. 6 months
75. What is a waxy substance derived from the body D. 12 months
fat and is caused by hydrolysis and hydrogenation of
adipose tissue? 86. Stages in blood changes where blood goes to the
A. adipocere dependent portion of the body but not yet solidify.
B. lipo A. livor mortis
C. saponification B. hypostatic lividity
D. none of these C. diffusion lividity
D. cadaveric spasm
76. Deaths due to injuries inflicted in the body by some
forms of outside force. 87. Dissolution of the natural continuity of any tissue
A. violent death of the living body is called

A. fracture
B. wound
C. dislocation
D. contusion
88. It is produced by compression of the neck by

means of a ligature which is tightened by a force other
than the weight of the body.
A. strangulation by ligature
B. hanging
C. throttling
D. gagging
89. It is a type of virginity in which a woman has

awareness and had sexual indulgence but the hymen
is considered in tact
A. Virgo Intacta
B. Demi Virgin
C. Moral Virginity
D. Physical Virginity
E. Manceres

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ARC's RED TIPS 2021

PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION • Herman Welcker- proved that fingerprint does

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9. The science of obtaining photographic magnification

17. What is the theory of light which opposes the wave

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88. It is produced by compression of the neck by

89. It is a type of virginity in which a woman has

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