1 - Ductwork distribution

1.1. Occupancy and ventilation flow

1.2. Supply system
1.2.1. Grids selection
i Instal·lacions
1.2.2. Diffusiors distributions
1.2.3. Network dimensioning
1.3. Return system
1.3.1. Grids
Systems

1.3.2. Distribution
1.3.3. Network
2. Fans selection
2.1. Supply fan dimensioning
2.1.1. Pressure loss (crit. point)
2.1.2. Supply fan selection
2.2. Return fan dimensioning
Industrial

2.2.1. Pressure loss

2.2.2. Return fan selection

Airport Building Systems

Building
Construcció

Ventilation example
Airport
Arquitectura,
 Ventilation example
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Initial data
Systems

• Room dimensions: 20m x 40m (Airport office = type IDA 2)

• Balanced ventilation system
• Occupancy rate: 4 people/m2
Industrial

• h=3m
A filter is incorporated in the air supply system with a pressure drop of 5 mm.c.a
Building

• A muffler is incorporated in the air supply system with a pressure drop of 6 mm.c.a
^^reduce the noise of the circuit
Construcció
Airport
Arquitectura,

HVAC design
 Arquitectura, Construcció
Airport Industrial
Building i Instal·lacions
Systems

Occupancy and ventilation flow

Ventilation example

HVAC design
 Ventilation example
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Difusor: Eina utilitzada per l'entrada d'aire

SUPPLY SYSTEM
Systems

Supply grids selection:

Industrial

Model = Trox VDW 625x45

qd = 504 m3/h
Building

∆p = 4.8 mm.c.a
Construcció
Airport

Difusor distributes more properly

the air comapred with a grid
Arquitectura,

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 Ventilation example
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SUPPLY SYSTEM
Systems

Supply diffusers distribution:

Construcció
Airport
Arquitectura, Industrial
Building

Fishbone Comb
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 Ventilation example
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SUPPLY SYSTEM
Systems

Supply network dimensioning:

USE vmax (m/s)

Industrial

Hotels / Hospitals 5
Building

Private offices 6

Restaurants / Shops / Corridors 7,5

Construcció

Bars / Public offices 9

Industries 12
Airport

We choose to reduce the duct section every 3 diffusers

Arquitectura,

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 Ventilation example
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SUPPLY SYSTEM
Systems

Supply network dimensioning:

O

We are going to install

Industrial

the fan here (O)

Building

The airflow of the main duct (OA) C’’ C’

will be the air flow of the whole
Construcció

room (9000 m3/h).

Airport

8 m^2
Arquitectura,

Section reduction in order to maintain

the flow velocity during the whole circuit
D’’ D’

HVAC design
 Arquitectura, Construcció
Airport Industrial
Building i Instal·lacions
Systems

SUPPLY SYSTEM

Supply network dimensioning:

Ventilation example

HVAC design
 Ventilation example
i Instal·lacions

SUPPLY SYSTEM
Systems

Supply network dimensioning:

In order to dimension the rest of the ducts, we will use the Table 13 (class notes /
Manual de Aire Acondicionado Carrier) of percentage of straight section.
Construcció
Airport
Arquitectura, Industrial
Building

HVAC design
 Ventilation example
i Instal·lacions

SUPPLY SYSTEM
Building
Construcció
Airport Systems
Industrial

Same dimensions (at least one of them)

to make the installation/assembly easier
Arquitectura,

HVAC design
 Ventilation example
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RETURN SYSTEM
Systems

Selection of the return grids:

We will select the model and size of the grids based on the total airflow of the
ventilation system.
Construcció
Airport
Arquitectura, Industrial
Building

HVAC design
 Ventilation example
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RETURN SYSTEM
Systems

Selection of the return grids:

In this case, we select the

model E Trox-AT de 425x325
Industrial

with an airflow of 1500 m3/h

and a pressure loss of 41 Pa
Building

(4,1 mm.c.a) when the slats are

at 90ºC.
Construcció
Airport
Arquitectura,

HVAC design
 Ventilation example
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RETURN SYSTEM
Systems

Return grids distribution:

Supply distribution
Construcció
Airport
Arquitectura, Industrial
Building

HVAC design
 Ventilation example
i Instal·lacions

RETURN SYSTEM
Systems

Dimensioning of the return network ducts:

We choose to reduce the duct

Industrial

section every 3 grids.

Building

For this example, the maximum

speed will be set at 9 m/s.
Construcció

The air flow of the main duct (0RAR)

will be the airflow of the whole room
(9000 m3/h).
Airport
Arquitectura,

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 Ventilation example
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RETURN SYSTEM
Systems

Dimensioning of the return network ducts:

Construcció
Airport
Arquitectura, Industrial
Building

HVAC design
 Arquitectura, Construcció
Airport Industrial
Building i Instal·lacions
Systems

4500
RETURN SYSTEM
Ventilation example

HVAC design
 Ventilation example
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FANS SELECTION
Systems

Supply fan dimensioning: Pressure loss of the most unfavorable point

To determine the system pressure loss we must

Industrial

consider the pressure loss of the most

unfavorable point (the longest) plus the
Building

pressure loss of the singular elements (elbows,

filters, etc.).
Construcció

For this example the most critical section will

be 0D. We will calculate the losses section by
Airport

section (0A, AB, BC i CD).

1. First we need to consider the max pressure (critical point) in the circuit
Usually it is the more far away point. Point (D) in the example.
Arquitectura,

2. If we have a T it should be evaluated as two elbows. However, in this

circuit since the D is the critical point, we only focus onthe two extrem elbows
and do not take into account the middle ones.

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 Ventilation example
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EQUIVALENT DIAMETER
output
FANS SELECTION
Systems

Supply fan dimensioning: Pressure

loss of the most unfavorable point
Industrial

To determine the unit pressure

loss in (mm.c.a./m) of each
Building

section we will use the Graph 7

(pèrdua per fregament en Dimensionado circular del conducto.
conductes circulars), with the
Construcció

AIR FLOW
[M^3/S]
air flow of the section (m3/s)
and the equivalent diameter
Airport

(mm).

As an example, we will do the

Arquitectura,

section 0A.

HVAC design
 Ventilation example
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FANS SELECTION
Systems

Supply fan dimensioning: Pressure

loss of the most unfavorable point
Industrial

Pressure losses of the elbows

=> Equate the pressure losses
Building

of the elbow with the pressure

losses of a straight duct section
with the same section and a
Construcció

certain length (Table 12)

Airport

For the section 550x550 mm we

will use the smaller section duct
because, it will allow to have a
Arquitectura,

higher pressure.
If won't be able to match this dimension, we shall
take the lower one. In this case 50x 50 cm.

HVAC design
 Ventilation example
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FANS SELECTION
Systems

Supply fan dimensioning: Pressure loss of the

most unfavorable point
Industrial

The other sections would be calculated following the same procedure:

Airport
Arquitectura, Building
Construcció

Therefore, the pressure losses of the most critical point will be:

HVAC design
 Ventilation example
i Instal·lacions

FANS SELECTION
Systems

Supply fan dimensioning: Pressure loss of the most unfavorable point

Industrial

The total pressure drop have to include all other elements of the circuit:
Building

• Filter: 5 mm.c.a

• Muffler: 6 mm.c.a.
Construcció

• Diffusers: 4.8 mm.c.a.

Airport
Arquitectura,

HVAC design
 Ventilation example
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FANS SELECTION
Systems

Supply fan dimensioning: Supply fan selection

Considering that the characteristics of the system are:

Industrial

• Δ𝑃𝑃𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑎𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 232.5 𝑃𝑃𝑎𝑎

Building

• 𝑞𝑞 = 9000 𝑚𝑚3/h
Construcció
Airport
Arquitectura,

Power = 1.1 kW
HVAC design
 Ventilation example
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FANS SELECTION
Systems

Supply fan dimensioning: Supply fan selection

Construcció
Airport
Arquitectura, Industrial
Building

We choose a centrifugal fan SODECA

CJBX-18-18.
HVAC design
 Ventilation example
i Instal·lacions

FANS SELECTION
Systems

Return fan dimensioning: Pressure loss of the most unfavorable point

To determine the system pressure loss we must

Industrial

consider the pressure loss of the most

unfavorable point (the longest) plus the
Building

pressure loss of the singular elements (elbows,

filters, etc.).
Construcció

For this example the most critical section will

be 0RBR. We will calculate the losses section by
Airport

section (0RAR and ARBR).

Arquitectura,

HVAC design
 Ventilation example
i Instal·lacions

FANS SELECTION
Systems

Return fan dimensioning: Pressure

loss of the most unfavorable point
Industrial

To determine the unit pressure

loss in (mm.c.a./m) of each
Building

section we will use the Graph 7

(pèrdua per fregament en
conductes circulars), with the
Construcció

air flow of the section (m3/s)

and the equivalent diameter
Airport

(mm).

As an example, we will do the

Arquitectura,

section 0RAR.

HVAC design
 Ventilation example
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FANS SELECTION
Systems

Return fan dimensioning: Pressure

loss of the most unfavorable point
Industrial

Pressure losses of the elbows

=> Equate the pressure losses
Building

of the elbow with the pressure

losses of a straight duct section
with the same section and a
Construcció

certain length (Table 12)

Airport

For the section 550x550 mm we

will use the smaller section duct
because, it will allow to have a
Arquitectura,

higher pressure.

HVAC design
 Ventilation example
i Instal·lacions

FANS SELECTION
Systems

Return fan dimensioning: Pressure loss of the

most unfavorable point
Industrial

The other sections would be calculated following the same procedure:

Building
Construcció
Airport

Therefore, the pressure losses of the most critical point will be:
Arquitectura,

HVAC design
 Ventilation example
i Instal·lacions

FANS SELECTION
Systems

Return fan dimensioning: Pressure loss of the most unfavorable point

Industrial

The total pressure drop have to include all other elements of the circuit:
Building

• Filter: 5 mm.c.a

• Grid: 4.1 mm.c.a.

Construcció
Airport
Arquitectura,

HVAC design
 Ventilation example
i Instal·lacions

FANS SELECTION
Systems

Return fan dimensioning: Return fan selection

Considering that the characteristics of the system are:

Industrial

• Δ𝑃𝑃𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑎𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 180 𝑃𝑃𝑎𝑎

Building

• 𝑞𝑞 = 9000 𝑚𝑚3/h
Construcció
Airport
Arquitectura,

Power = 1.1 kW
HVAC design
 Ventilation example
i Instal·lacions

FANS SELECTION
Systems

Return fan dimensioning: Return fan selection

Construcció
Airport
Arquitectura, Industrial
Building

We choose a centrifugal fan SODECA

CJBX-18-18.
HVAC design
Arquitectura, Construcció
Airport Industrial
Building i Instal·lacions
Systems

Ventilation example
Airport Building Systems