2 ee Any suet
IEICE oe eOleer can, on Principle, defy the ma:
1 cd, aS
fringed,
i , HOrity,
right to Vote, right te have One's voy "corded a
s include oe a company at an election, ete, f
irector
sa dire
anagement
d Mism
jon an
ies Act whiel ou. le
mies Act which Provid
» Compa
s of the
for pre
ismanagement are also an ¢
mana
nd mis|
‘VERKiOn of
XCCPtiON Lo the tule in Fogg
ESSION
ENTION OF OpPRESS}
ao, MISMANAGEMUN 12
i ial provisions for
i ontains special Pi ns
eee i +h provisions
i he Comp aim of such p
cee? ee ih ang pelameandgemiet ace and also to protect
peers of oppression 2 of investors in ee by thess provisos
pr rd the interc nferred on share
$ afegua: The rights confe 1 r¢
the publie intere The inority rights.
rest. iB rity rigl . ;
the public inte: s “qualified minority v only permitted redicat of
Sere, issony, remedy es 2a d a deterrent effect upon
This ingenious sae availability has ha
jt its mi + ‘
buses, bui
many a
F
| ic majority calls for
| ismanagement of companies by q
sion or misma
| The oppressio!
|
|
|
|
|
hat reliefs
Sec, 398? Wi
ion be made under Sec, 397 nd Bee, S06. in eum
ication
nan applica! plication?
Bee eee cach ap)
can be gral
~~os
Ct, 1956
pane
320 Company Law
ment, Sections 397 and 398 ofthe Compan
ras remedy: 20> Sections 241 and 242 oth at
provide for such eich
y be noted that the compatty cannot by isl
« elef under this jurisdiction [Ultrfilter (Indi) (7 Peng
) (2002) 112 Comp Cas 93 (CLB)]. id.y
for an) "
GmbH ity, i
(A) prevention of Oppression (Sec. 241)
‘The first remedy
e “on 241(1) of the 2013 Act provides that any m
Tribunal. Sect ) ; &
acompany who complains that the company’s affairs are beingesnte
jn a manner prejudicial to the public interest or in a manner .
to bim or any member or members or in a manner prejy ie ie
jnteress of the company, ™4Y apply to the Tribunal for approprin,
[Clause (2) rg
inledy, any member ofa company who complains tht thm
uo no bing» han brought about by, or in the imac
creditors, inchuding debenture holders or any class of sharcholdersoj
company, has taken place in the management or control of the comer
“chether by an alveration in the Board of Directors, or manager, or a
vmership of the company’s shares) OF if it has no share capita, in
membership, or in any other manner whatsoever, and that by reasoa of
such change, itis ely that che affairs of the company will be conduce!
in 2 manner prejudicial to jts interests or its members or any class of
2a bers, may apply tothe Tribunal, provided such member ha rile
to apply under Sec. 244, for an order under this Chapter [Clause (6),
The Central Government, if it is of the opinion that the affairsof
the company are being conducted in manner prejudicial to public
imterea, it may itself apply to the Tribunal for an order under this
Chapter [Sec.241(2)]. Thus, the Central Government also has the power
to apply for relief under the section.
“The requisite number of members who must sign the application
{Sec. 241(1)] is given in Sec. 244. Where the company is with a shure
capital, the application must be signed by at least 100 members of tht
company or by onetenth ofthe total number of its members, whichever
is les, or by any member or members holding one-tenth of the i
share capital of the company; in the case of a company "0! having ¢
share capital, not less than one-fifth of the total number of its members
in the hands of an oppressed minority is to
Movepotion ot Ainorty agalnst Oppronston, ato, S2h
10
pigeon (0 Seo, MCL) lave down that joint holders of
2H ered 8 oe WH
at ge 0"
¢
‘ye uF sa at th “Pyvanal nay, onan appetion made to Hein is
any oe ean pe in ah (2)
x tet 0a se Sy th ‘ilu has
i power 10 permit a lesser number af members to pra wal
ne y
re eetionaty
cis
ae section
r
pe cnc of he es i ap
ye made ty one or more of them on behalf of and for the benefit
cb
od them ec, 242)
df
‘phere cannot tbe a blanket consent, The signatories mut be told of
pei ets costing a es, Tn «pin vs rejected
“Peet beens the consenting members were tok hat dele guatres