GENERAL QUESTIONS

1. The mean magnetic heading and elapsed time from CTV (33°58’S 018°36’E) to
ELV (33°03’S 027°53’E) TAS 180, W/V 330/30 is:

a. Hdg 097° (M) and 2.29

b. Hdg 074° (M) and 2.29
c. Hdg 084° (M) and 2.29.

2. The mean magnetic heading and elapsed time from DNV (29°58’S 030°57’E to
GGV (34°00’S 022°22’E) TAS 210, W/V 270/25 is:

a. Hdg 086° (M) and 2.20

b. Hdg 254° (M) and 2.30
c. Hdg 266° (M) and 2.41.

3. The initial magnetic heading and elapsed time from KMV (28°48’S 024°46’E) to
CTV (33°58’S 018°36’E. TAS 175. W/V 210/20 is:

a. Hdg 064° (M) and 2.35

b. Hdg 236° (M) and 2.35
c. Hdg 242° (M) and 2.50.

4. The initial magnetic heading and elapsed time from DNV (29°58’S 030°57’E) to
PHV (23°56’S 031°08’E) TAS 190, W.V 240/20 is:

a. Hdg 018 (M), time 1.50

b. Hdg 198 (M), time 2.05
c. Hdg 360° (M) time 1.45.

5. 0630 O/H ABV (28° 34’S 016° 31’E) en route VWV (31° 24’S 023°06’E) F150,
RAS 140, OAT +1°C, W/V 160/20. The heading (M) and ETA VWV is:

a. Hdg 120° (M) and 0830

b. Hdg 140° (M) and 0849
c. Hdg 130° (M) and 0830.

6. 08.15 O/H NVV (31° 22’S 019° 04’E) en route KTV (26° 33’S 018° 06’E), F170,
RAS 135, temp ISA, W/V 240/30. The heading (M) and ETA KTV is:

a. Hdg 360° (M) and 0951

b. Hdg 341° (M) and 1 hour 36 minutes
c. Hdg 015° (M) and 1005.

7. An aircraft passes overhead VWV (31°24’S 023°06’E) at 0804 on track for CTV
(33°58’S 018°36’E), Hdg 264° (M). At 0844 the hdg (M) to return to VWV is:
 a. Hdg 084° (M)
b. Hdg 068° (M)
c. Hdg 076° (M).

8. An aircraft passes overhead BDV (30°58’S 026°18’E) at 0715 on track for KMV
(28°48’S 024°46’E), Hdg 355° (M). At 0735 the Hdg (M) to return to BDV is:

a. Hdg 175° (M)

b. Hdg 161° (M)
c. Hdg 168°(M).

9. An aircraft was overhead UPV (28°24’S 021°16’E) at 0713 on track to BLV

(29°06’S 026°19’E), TAS 140, Hdg 128° (M). At 0858 the aircraft is overhead BLV.
The mean W/V was:

a. 225/30
b. 230/10
c. 215/15.

10. An aircraft was overhead DNV (29° 58’S 030° 57’E) at 0822, F120, temp ISA
+10° C, RAS 140, on track to HGV (26° 42’S 028° 16’E), hdg 330 (M). At 0952 the
aircraft is overhead HGV. The mean W.V was:

a. 220/18
b. 230/26
c. 238/33.

11. An aircraft departs GGV (34° 00’S 022° 22’E) at 0635 for BLV (29° 06’S 026°
19’E). At 0728 the aircraft crosses Radial 146 VWV (31° 24’S 023° 06’E). The ETA for
BLV is:

a. 0800
b. 0825
c. 0840.

12. An aircraft departs Nelspruit (25° 30’S 030° 54’E) at 0814 for GBV (24° 39’S
025° 57’E). At 0849 the aircraft crosses Radial 027 WIV (25° 50’S 029° 14’E). The
ETA for GBV is:

a. 1004
b. 1019
c. 0945.

13. An aircraft departs Welkom (28° 00’S 026° 42’E) at 0833 for VWV (31° 24’S
023° 06’E) hdg (M). At 0920 JF NDB 29° 46’S 025° 25’E) bears 256 relative. The ETA
for VWV is:
 a. 0955
b. 1017
c. 1033.

14. An aircraft departs Nelspruit (25° 30’S 030° 54’E) at 0620 for DNV (29° 58’S
030° 57’E) hdg 200° (M). At 0740 LY (28° 32’S 029° 45’E) bears 089 relative. The
ETA for DNV is:

a. 0800
b. 0829
c. 0817.

15. An aircraft departs Phalaborwa (23° 56’S 031° 08’E) at 0945 for MMV (25° 50’S
025° 32’E) hdg 255°(M). At 1026 PR NDB (24° 10’S 029°01’E) bears 098° relative.
The ETA for MMV is:

a. 1143
b. 1110
c. 1133.

16. An aircraft departs CTV (33° 58’S 018° 36’E) at 1015 en route to UPV (28° 24’S
021° 16’E). At 1130 it obtains a fix using the 127 Radial NVV (31° 22;S 019° 04’E) and
the 008 Radial SLV (32° 24’S 020° 40’E). At 1130 the new magnetic track and ETA
UPV is:

a. 012° (M) and 1301

b. 048° (M) and 1301
c. 032° (M) and 1301.

17. An aircraft departs BLV (29° 06’S 026° 19’E) at 0618 en route GGV (34° 00’S
022° 22’E). At 0727 it obtains a fix using the 298 radial BDV (30° 58’S 026° 18’E) and
the 073 radial VWV (31° 24’S 023° 06’E). At 0727 the new track (M) and ETA GGV is:

a. 227° (M) and 0907

b. 207° (M) and 0903
c. 238° (M) and 0858.

18. An aircraft departs GBV (24° 39’S 025° 57’E) at 0622 for KMV (28° 48’S 024°
46’E). Hdg 219° (M). At 0737 it obtains a fix using relative bearings of 229 LG NDB
(26° 11S 026° 12’E) and 342 VB NDB (26° 59’S 024° 43’E). At 0737 the new track (M)
and ETA KMV is:

a. 180° (M) and 0843

b. 198° (M) and 0848
c. 205° (M) and 0853.
19. An aircraft departs DNV (29° 58’S 030°57’E) at 0712 for Welkom (28° 00’S
026° 42’E), hdg 304° (M). At 0833 it obtains a fix using relative bearings of 145° LY
(28° 32’S 029° 45’E) and 095 BM (28° 17’S 028° 27’E). At 0833 the new track (M) and
ETA for Welkom is:

a. 320° (M) and 0900

b. 330° (M) and 0920
c. 335° (M) and 0905.

20. An aircraft is inbound to MAUN (19° 59’S 023° 25’E) F160, forecast W/V
120/15, RAS 136, temperature ISA + 8°C. At 1138 it obtains a fix with radial 180 and 80
DME VLR (17° 47’S 025° 49’E). The ETA MAUN is:

a. 1229
b. 1215
c. 1240.

21. An aircraft is inbound to Beira (19° 46’S 034° 54’E), hdg 080° (M), F130,
forecast W/V 170/20, RAS 125, OAT +2°C. At 0920 it obtains a fix with a relative
bearing of 129° MS (20° 01’S 030°50’E) and 75 DME VTL (19° 26’S 029° 51’E). The
ETA for Beira is:

a. 1040
b. 1106
c. 10.48.

22. An aircraft is inbound to MMV (25°50’S 025°32’E) TAS 160, forecast W/V
080/20. At 0910 it obtains a visual fix at 24° 05’S 027°45’E. The ETA MMV is:

a. 0955
b. 1015
c. 1004.

23. An aircraft is inbound to LYV (28° 32’S 029° 45’E), Hdg 160° (T), TAS 150,
forecast W.V 130/10. At 1030 it obtains a fix with RMI bearing 325° (C) WM (28°00’S
026°42’E), Deviation +3°, and 75 DME BLV (29°06’S 026°19’E). The ETA for LYV is:

a. 1118
b. 1110
c. 1127.

24. 0615 and aircraft was overhead UPV (28° 24’S 021° 16’E) en route Barberton
(25°48’S 031°00’E), F130, TAS 175. 0810 it was overhead Vanderbijlpark (26° 42’S
027° 47’E), and reduces TAS to 150. The ETA for Barberton is:

a. 0910
 b. 0918
c. 0924.

25. At 0830 an aircraft was overhead GAV (26°27’S 027°50’E) en route NHV (29°
21’S 030° 31E), F150, TAS 210. At 0920 the aircraft was overhead LYV (28° 32’S 029°
45’E) and reduces TAS to 170. The ETA for PM (29° 40’S 030° 24’E) is:

a. 0945
b. 0952
c. 0937.

26. 0627 overhead CTV (33° 58’S 018° 36’E) en route UPV (28° 24’S 021° 16’E)

0703 radial 171 NVV (31° 22’S 019° 04’E)

0717 radial 131 NVV
0727 radial 101 NVV

At 0727 the new track (M) and ETA UPV is:

a. 037° (M) and 0824

b. 030° (M) and 0820
c. 042° (M) and 0829.

27. 0511 overhead MMV (25° 50’S 025° 32’E) en route DNV (29° 58’S 030° 57’E):

0536 radial 268 HGV (26° 42’S 028° 16’E)

0551 radial 241 HGV
0603 radial 216 HGV

At 0603 the new track (M) and ETA DNV is:

a. 133° (M) and 0655

b. 138° (M) and 0700
c. 144° (M) and 0710.

28. 0817 overhead Maputo (25° 55’S 032° 34’E) en route BLV (29° 06’S 026° 19’E),
Hdg 248° (M)

0922 relative bearing 062 VD (27° 25’S 029° 09’E), Hdg 248 (M)
0932 relative bearing 100 VD
0940 relative bearing 128 VD

At 0940 the track (M) and ETA DNV (29°58’S 030°57’E) is:

a. 152° (M) and 1027

b. 157° (M) and 1033
 c. 163° (M) and 1038.

29. 0727 overhead Ermelo (26° 35’S 029° 59’E) en route UPV (28°24’S 021°16’E),
Hdg 290° (M)

0804 relative bearing 288° KS (27°40’S 027°16’E)

0817 relative bearing 253° KS
0826 relative bearing 225° KS

At 0826 the track (M) and ETA KMV (28°48’S 024°46’E) is:

a. 230° (M) and 0900

b. 232° (M) and 0925
c. 234° (M) and 0912

30. An aircraft, G/S 160, Track 201° (T) obtains the following bearings:

0824 Radial 348 UPG (28°24’S 021°16’E)

0838 Radial 308 UPV
0848 Radial 278 UPV

At 0848 the aircraft’s position is:

a. 28°33’S 020°16’E
b. 28°00’S 020°51’E
c. 28°45’S 020°00’E.

31. 0640 overhead Mutare 17°22’S 035°02’E) en route Livingstone (17°47’S

025°49’E):

0714 Radial 198 VSB (17°55’S 031°’E)

0722 96 DME VSB
0740 75 DME VBU

At 0740 the track (M) and ETA Livingstone is:

a. 290° (M) and 0911

b. 300° (M) and 0918
c. 0305° (M) and 0910.

32. 0820 overhead Orapa (21°16’S 025°21’E) en route Beira (19°46’S 034°54’E),
Hdg 100° (M)

0906 Relative bearing 082° Selibe Phikwe (022°03’S 027°48’E)

0920 75 DME VBU (20°05’S 028°42’E)
0940 67 DME GWV (22°12’S 029°25’E)
 At 0940 the aircraft’s position is:

a. 21°08’S 029°25’E
b. 20° 30’S 029° 00’E
c. 21° 41’S 028° 00’E.

33. 0900 overhead Sishen (27° 42’S 023° 00’E) en route VYV (25° 57’S 027° 55’E):

0933 Radial 026 KMV (28° 48’S 024° 46’E)

0947 55 DME KMV
1006 70 DME MZV (29° 18’S 027° 30’E)

At 1006 the track (M) and ETA DNV is:

a. 129° (M) and 1050

b. 129° (M) and 1140
c. 129° (M) and 1115.

34. 0805 overhead KMV (28°48’S 024°36’E), F150, OAT 0° (M)

0855 alter heading 102° (M)

0930 alter heading 050° (M)
1000 visual fix at 28°05’S 029°15’E

At 1000 the mean Hdg (M) and ETA Richards Bay (028°46’S 032°07’E) is:

a. 112° (M) and 1056

b. 128° (M) and 1057
c. 118° (M) and 1056.

35. 1120 overhead Alexander Bay (28° 34’S 016° 31’E), set heading 010° (M), TAS
190, W/V 330/20

At 1000 the mean Hdg (M) and ETA Richards Bay (28° 46’S 032° 07’E) is:

a. 112° (M) and 1056

b. 128° (M) and 1057
c. 118° (M) and 1056.

36. 0820 overhead Maun (19° 59’S 023° 25’E) Hdg 010° (T), TAS 168, drift 10°
right.

0835 alter Hdg 050° (T), drift 3° right

0857 alter Hdg 092° (T), drift 5 left
0915 alter Hdg Harare (17° 55’S 031° 06’E)
 At 0915 the Hdg (M) and ETA Harare is:

a. 088° (M) and 1000

b. 098° (M) and 1014
c. 093° (M) and 1004.

37. 1015 overhead CTV (33°58’S 018°36’E), Hdg 078° (T), TAS 170

1196 Fix with Radial 355, 65 DME GGV (34°00’S 022°22’E)

At 1106 the Hdg (M) for BDV (30° 58’S 026°18’E) is:

a. 088° (M)
b. 082° (M)
c. 093° (M).

38. 1250 Overhead Richards Bay (28° 46’S 032°07’E), Hdg 290° (T), TAS 150

1322 Fix with Radial 010, 75 DME, DNV (29°58’S 030°57’E)

At 1322 the Hdg (M) for Welkom (28°00’S 026° 42’E) is:

a. 310° (M)
b. 305° (M)
c. 314° (M).

39. An aircraft departs Alexander Bay (28°34’S 016°31’E) at 0500 on a direct track
to Gaborone (24°39’S 025°57’E) Hdg 080° (T), TAS 170, DR G/S 160.

0541 105 DME UPV (28°24’S 021°16’E)

0615 75 DME UPV

At 0615 the mean magnetic heading to Gaborone is:

a. 065° (M)
b. 082° (M)
c. 088° (M).

40. An aircraft departs Mmabatho (25° 51’S 025°32’E) at 0825 on a direct track to
GGV (34°00’S 022° 22’E), Hdg 210° (T), TAS 160, Dr G/S 175

0957 40 DME KMV (28°48’S 024° 46’E

1010 40 DME KMV

At 1010 the mean magnetic heading to GGV is:

 a. 224° (M)
b. 218° (M)
c. 228° (M).

41. An aircraft, GS 170, obtains the following bearings:

0820 radial 231 BDV (30°58’S 026°18’E)

0830 radial 206 BDV
0845 radial 161 BDV

At 0845 the aircraft’s position is:

a. 31°10’S 027°30’E
b. 31°40’S 027°00’E
c. 32°00’S 027°10’E.

42. At 0600 an aircraft obtains a visual fix at 29°40’S 019°12’E

0630 radial 051 NVV (31°22’S 019°04’E)

0636 radial 077 NVV
0645 radial 117NVV

At 0645 the aircraft’s position is:

a. 31°30’S 020°27’E
b. 31°10’S 020°10’E
c. 31°00’S 020°10’E.

43. An aircraft, GS 150, obtains the following bearings:

08.00 radial 250 VBU (20°05’S 028°42’E)

08.08 radial 230 VBU
08.20 radial 195 VBU

At 0820 the aircraft’s position is:

a. 20° 40’S 028° 10’E

b. 21° 20’S 028° 20’E
c. 20° 55’S 028° 40’E.

44. At 06.40 an aircraft was overhead CTV (33°58’S 018°36’E) on track VWV, TAS
160, Hdg 068 (M). At 07.22 it obtains a relative bearing of 258° CW (32°11’S 018°
53’E). The wind component is:

a. +10
b. -18
 c. -10.

45. At 08.13 an aircraft was overhead LYV (28°32’S 028°45’E) maintaining radial
280 LYV, TAS 150, Hdg 270° (M). At 09.22 it obtains a relative bearing of 135° WM
(28°00’S 026° 42’E). The wind component is:

a. -15
b. +15
c. +5.

46. At 10.22 an aircraft was overhead HBV (25°42’S 027°52’E) maintaining R 330
HBV, TAS 135. At 10.58 it is 105 DME JSV (26°09’S 028°14’E). The wind component
is:

a. -10
b. +10
c. +12.

47. An aircraft is en route from Tzaneen (23°49’S 030°18’E) to KMV (28°48’S

024°46’E), TAS 185 GS 170. At 0725 it is 75 DME JSV (26°09’S 028°14’E), and at
0746 it obtains a QTE of 320 KS (27°40’S 027°15’E).

At 0746 the position of the aircraft is:

a. 26°00’S 026°00’E
b. 26°30’S 026°10’E
c. 26°10’S 026°20’E.

48. An aircraft is en route from UPV (28°24’S 021°16’E) to LYV (28°32’S

029°45’E, TAS 170, WC – 20. At 06.15 it is 50 DME UCV (28°25’S 024°20’E), and at
06.30 it crosses Radial 080 KMV (28°48’S 024°46’E).

At 06.30 the track (M) to Newcastle (027°45’S 030°00’E) is:

a. 095° (M)
b. 101° (M)
c. 110° (M).

49. At 1320 an aircraft, maintaining F180, obtains a visual fix at 24°35’S 021°10’E
and plans a descent to arrive overhead Alexander Bay (28°34’S 016°31’E) at 1000 ft
AGL. The cruise GS is 220 kt, descent GS 185 kt, constant ROD 500 fpm.

The ETA for TOD is:

a. 1400
b. 1410
 c. 1426.

50. At 0948 An aircraft, maintaining F230, obtains a fix at 70 DME, radial 046 JSV
(26°09’S 028°24’E) and plans a descent at 650 fpm to arrive overhead Maputo (25°55’S
032°34’E) at 1500 ft AGL. The cruise TAS is 230 kt and the descent TAS is 190 kt. The
mean wind component for the flight is -20. The ETA overhead Maputo is:

a. 1051
b. 1115
c. 1042.
ANSWERS TO GENERAL QUESTIONS

1. (a)

TR 083° (t), Hdg 074° (T), Var 23° W, Hdg 097° (M), distance 472 nm, GS 190,
time 2.29.

2. (c)

TR 241° (T), Hdg 244° (T), Var 22° W, Hdg 266° (M), distance 506 nm, GS 188,
time 2.41.

3. (c)

TR 225° (T), Hdg 223° (T), Var 19° W, Hdg 242° (M), distance 440 nm, GS 156, time
2.50

4. (a)

TR 002° (T), Hdg 358° (T), Var 20° W, Hdg 018° (M), distance 365 nm, GS 200, time
1.50

5. (b)

TR 116° (T), TAS 181, Hdg 120° (T), GS 166, distance 385 nm, Hdg 140° (M), EET
2.19 + 630 ETA = 0849

6. (a)

TR 350° (T), TAS 175, GS 183, distance 292 nm, Hdg 341° (T), Hdg 341° (T), Hdg 360°
(M), EET 1.36 + 08.15 ETA = 09.51

7. (b)

Tr (M) = 256°, therefore drift 8° L. TR (M) to return = 076° - 8°= 068° Hdg (M)

8. (b)

Tr (M) = 348° therefore drift 7° L. TR (M) to return = 168° - 7° = 161° Hdg (M)

9. (a)

Dist = 272 nm in 105 min = GS 155, TR (T) 099°, Hdg 109° (T), TAS 140, W/V =
225/30

10. (c)
Dist = 246 nm in 90 min = GS 164, TR 323° (T), Hdg 312° (T), TAS 170, W/V = 238/33

11. Radial 146 – 21° W = QTE 125°. Distance to position line = 150 nm in 53 min =
GS 170. Distance to go = 205 nm @ GS 170 = 72 min ETA = 0840.

12. (a)

Radial 027 – 15° W = QTE 012°. Distance to position line = 90 nm in 35 min = GS 154.
Distance to go = 192 nm @ GS 154 = 75 min ETA = 1004.

13. (b)

Hdg 255° - 19°W = 236° + 256° = 492° - 180° = QTE 312°

Distance to position line = 125 nm in 47 min = GS 160
Distance to go = 152 nm @ GS 160 = 57 min. ETA = 1017.

14. (c)

Hdg 200° (M) – 19°W = 181° + 089° = 270° - 180° = QTE 090°
Dist to position line = 183 nm in 80 min = GS 137
Dist to go = 84 nm @ GS 137 = 37 min ETA = 0817.

15. (a)

Hdg 255° (M) – 14°W = 241° + 098° = 339°- 180° = QTE 159°
Dist to position line = 115 nm in 41 min = GS 168
Dist to go = 215 @ GS 168 = 77 min. ETA Mmabatho = 1143

16. (c)

Radial 127 NVV = QTE 106°. Radial 008 SLV = QTE 347°
Distance to fix = 165 nm in 75 min = GS 132
Distance to go = 200 nm @ GS 132 = 91 min
Track = 012° (T) + 20°W = 032° (M)
ETA = 1130 + 91 min = 1301

17. (a)

Radial 298 BDV = QTE 277°. Radial 073 VWV = QTE 052°
Distance to fix = 148 nm in 69 min = GS 129
Distance to go = 215 nm @ GS 129 = 100 min
Track = 205° (T) + 22°W = 227° (M)
ETA = 0727 + 100 min = 0907.

18. (b)
Hdg (T) = 203 °
203° + 229° = 432° - 180° = QTE 252° LG
203° + 342° = 545° - 180° = QTE 005° VB
Distance to fix = 140 nm in 75 min = GS 112
Distance to go = 133 nm @ GS 112 = 71 min
Track (M) = 180° + 18°W = 198° (M)
ETA = 0737 + 71 min = 0848.

19. (b)

Hdg (T) = 285°

285° + 145° = 430° - 180° = QTE 250° LY
285° + 095° = 380° - 180° = QTE 200° BM
Distance to fix = 164 nm in 80 min = GS 123
Distance to go = 96 nm @ GS 123 = 47 min
Track (M) = 312° (T) + 18°W = 330° (M)
ETA = 0833 + 47 min = 920.

20. (a)

Radial 180 VLR – 8°W = QTE 172°. TAS by calculation („plan TAS”) = 176
TAS 176, Tr 250 (T), W.V 120/15 = GS 185. Dist to go – EET 51 min + 1138 = 1229
ETA.

21. (c)

Hdg 080° (M) – 9° W = 071° (T) + 129° = 200° - 180° = QTE 020°
Tr 099 (T), TAS 156, W/V 170/120 = GS 148. Dist to go = 217 nm @ GS 148 = EET
1.28 + 09.20 = 10.48.

22. (c)

Tr 229° (T), TAS 160, W/V 080/020 = GS 177. Distance to go = 162 nm @ GS 177 =
EET 54 minutes + 09.10 = 10.04.

23. (a)

RMI 325° (C) + 3° = 328° (M) – 18° W = QUJ 310° (T) – 180° = QTE 130°
TR 087° (T), TAS 150, W/V 130/10 = GS 143, distance 115 nm, time 48 minutes + 10.30
= 11.18.

24. (b)

Distance UPV – VP = 360 nm in 1.55 = GS 188. TAS reduced from 175 to 150 = 25 kt
Distance to go = 186 nm @ reduced GS 163 = 1.08
ETA = 08.10 + 1.08 = 09.18
25. (a)

Distance GAV – LYV = 162 nm in 50 minutes = GS 194. TAS reduced from 210 to 170
= 40 kt
Distance to go = 64 nm at reduced GS 154 = 25 minutes
ETA = 09.20 + 25 = 09.45.

26. (a)

0703 R171 = QTE 150°

0717 R131 = QTE 110° (Distance CTV to QTE 110° (cuts TR at 90°) = 155 nm in 50
min = GS 186)0727 R101 = QTE 080°
QTE 150° to 0727 = 24 min @ GS 186 = 74 nm
QTE 110° to 0727 = 10 min @ 186 = 31 nm
Track from fix at 0727 to Upington = 018° (T) + 19° W = 037° (M)
Dist to go = 177 nm @ GS 186 = .57. ETA = 0824.

27. (b)

0536 R268 = QTE 252°

0551 R241 = QTE 225° - (Distance MMV to QTE 225° = 143 nm in 40 min = GS 215)
0603 R216 = QTE 200°

QTE 252° to 0603 = 27 min @ GS 215 = 97 nm

QTE 225° to 0603 = 12 min @ GS 215 = 43 nm
Track from fix at 0603 = 119° (T) + 19° W = 138° (M)
Distance to go = 203 nm @ GS 215 = .57. ETA = 0700

28. (b)

Hedg 230° (T)

0922 062° rel + 230° - 180° = QTE 112°
0932 100° rel + 230° - 180° = QTE 150° - (Dist to QTE 150° = 205 nm in 75 min = GS
164)
0940 128° rel + 230° - 180° = QTE 178°

QTE 112° to 0940 = 18 min @ GS 164 = 49 nm

QTE 150° to 0940 = 8min @ 164 = 22 nm
Track to Durban = 138° (T) + 19° W = 157° (M)
Dist = 145 @ GS 164 = 53 min + 0940 = 1033.

29. (C)

Hdg 273° (T)

0804 288° rel + 273° = 561° - 360° = 201° - 180 = QTE 021°
0817 253° rel + 273° = 526° - 360° = 166° + 180° = QTE 346°
0826 225° rel + 273° = 498° - 360 = 138° + 180° = QTE 318°
Dist to QTE 346° = 160 nm in 50 min = GS 192
QTE 021° to 0826 = 22 min @ GS 192 = 70nm
QTE 346° to 0826 = 9 min @ GS 192 = 29nm
Track to Kimberley = 217° (T) + 17° W = 234° (M)
Dist = 148 nm @ GS 192 = 46 min + 0826 = 0912.

30. (a)

0824 R348 = QTE 330°

0838 R308 = QTE 290°
0848 R278 = QTE 260°

QTE 330° to 0848 = 24 min @ GS 160 = 64 nm

QTE 290° to 0848 = 10 min @ 160 = 27 nm

Position = 28°33’S 020°16’E

31. (b)

Radial 198 = QTE 190°, distance Mutare to position line = 85 nm in 34 min = GS 150
QTE 190° to 0740 = 26 min @ GS = 65 nm
96 DME VSB to 0740 = 18 min @ GS 150 = 45 nm
0740 Track = 292° (T) + 8°W = 300° (M), distance = 245 @ GS = 1.38 + 0740 = 0918

32. (a)

Hdg 100° (M) – 10°W – 090° (T) + 082° REL = 172° + 180° - QTE 352°
Distance Orapa to QTE = 134 nm in 46 min = GS 175
QTE 352° to 0940 = 34 min @ GS 175 = 99 nm
75 DME VBU to 0940 = 20 min @ GS 175 = 58 nm

POSITION @ 0940 = 21° 08’ 029° 25’E

33. (c)

R026 = QTE 008°

Distance Sishen to QTE = 112 nm in 33 min = GS 204
QTE 008° to 1006 = 33 min @ GS 204 = 112 nm
55 DME KMV to 1006 = 19 min @ GS 204 = 65 nm

Track (T) = 110° + 19°W = 129° (M), 235 nm @ GS 204 = 1.09 + 1006 = 1115.

34. (b)

Tas 193
0805 Hdg 131° (T), 50 minutes @ TAS 193 = 161 ANM
0855 Hdg 081° (T), 35 minutes @ TAS 193 = 113 ANM
0930 Hdg 030° (T), 30 minutes @ TAS 193 = 96 ANM
Wind direction Air Position to Fix = 135° (T)
Wind speed = 62 nm in 1 hour 55 minutes = 32 kt
W/V = 131/32

TR Fix to Richards Bay = 105° (T), TAS 193, W/V 131/32

Hdg = 109° (T), + 19° W = 128° (M), GS = 164, distance = 155 nm @ GS 164 = 57
minutes,
ETA = 1000 + .57 = 1057.

35. (a)

1120 Hdg 351° (T), 40 minutes @ TAS 190 = 127 ANM

1200 Hdg 063° (T), 32 minutes @ TAS 190 = 101 ANM
1232 Hdg 136° (T), 28 minutes @ TAS 190 = 89 ANM
1300 DR position – 27°20’S 019°21’E
TR DR position to Pomfret – 069° (T), TAS 190, W/V 330/20 – Hdg 063° (T) + 16° W =
079° (M)
GS – 192, distance to go – 243 nm, EET 1.16 + 1300 = ETA 1416

36. (b)

0820 Hdg 010° (T), air distance: 15 minutes @ TAS 168 = 42 ANM
0835 Hdg 050° (T), air distance: 22 minutes @ TAS 168 = 62 ANM
0857 Hdg 092° (T), air distance: 8 minutes @ TAS 168 = 50 ANM
To find a DR position at 0915 the W/V is required. Use the multiple drift method of
finding W/V explained on page 2 – 9.

Given:
TAS 168
Hdg 010° (T), drift 10°R
Hdg 050° (T), drift 3° R
Hdg 092° (T), drift 5° L
W/V = 245/40.

From DR position @ 18°24’S 025°50’E draw TR to Harare – 085° (T), apply W/V and
TAS to find:
Hdg 098° (M) and ETA 1014

37. (a)

Air position = 51 min @ TAS 170 = 145 ANM, Hdg 078° (T)
1106 radial 355 GGV = QTE 332°
W/V = 219/35 (direction: Air position to fix, speed: 30 nm in 51 min)
TR (T) Fix to BDV = 062°, W/V = 219/35, TAS 170
Hdg = 067° (T) + 21° W = 088° (M)

38. (c)
Air position = 32 min @ TAS 150 = 80 ANM, Hdg 290° (T)
1322 radial 010 DNV = QTE 350°
W/V = 353/43 (direction: Air position to Fix, speed: 23 nm in 32 min)
TR (T) Fix to Welkom = 280°, W.V 353/43, TAS 150
Hdg = 296 (T) + 18° W = 314 ° (M).

39. (b)

Air position = Hdg 080° (T) for 1.15 @ TAS 170 = 212 ANM
Transfer DME station 0541 to 0615, 34 min @ GS 160 = 91 nm

W/V = 210/42 (direction: Air Position to Fix, speed : 52 nm in 1.15)

TR (T) Fix to Gaberone = 060° (T), W/V 210/42, TAS 170.
Hdg 067° (T) + 15°W = 082° (M)

40. (a)

Air position = Hdg 210° (T) for 1.45 @ TAS 160 = 280 ANM
Transfer DME station 0957 to 1010, 13 min @ GS 175 = 38 nm

W/V = 223/47 (direction : Air Position to Fix, speed: 82 nm in 1.45)

TR (T) Fix to GGV = 195° (T), W/V 223/47, TAS 160
Hdg 203° (T) + 21°W = 224° (M)

41. (b)

0820 radial 231 BDV = QTE 210°

0830 radial 206 BDV = QTE 185°
0845 radial 161 BDV = QTE 140°

SCALE 1cm = 5 minutes, the line drawn will be parallel to the track. Use it and the GS
to transfer position lines and obtain a fix.

QTE 210° to 0845 = 25 minutes @ GS 170 = 71 nm

QTE 185° to 0845 = 15 minutes @ GS 170 = 43 nm

Position = 31°40’S 027° 00’E

42. (a)

Plot the 0600 visual fix

0630 radial 051 NVV = QTE 030°
0636 radial 077 NVV = QTE 056°
0645 radial 117 NVV = QTE 096°

SCALE 1 cm = 3 min. Once you have drawn the line, parallel it through the fix at 0600.
Where this line cuts the 0645 QTE will be the aircraft’s position.

Position: 31°30’S 020°27’E

43. (c)

0800 radial 250 VBU = QTE 240°

0808 radial 230 VBU = QTE 220°
0820 radial 195 VBU = QTE 185°

SCALE 1CM = 4 min, the line drawn will be parallel to the track. Use it and the GS to
transfer position lines and obtain a fix.
QTE 240° to 0820 = 20 min @ GS 150 = 50 nm
QTE 220° to 0820 = 12 min @ GS 150 = 30 nm

POSITION = 20°55’S 028°40’E

44. (c)

The wind component (WCV) is the difference between the TAS and the GS.
TAS is provided: GS can be found by creating a fix with the track CTV to VWV and the
relative bearing:
So:
Hdg 068° (M) – 22° W = 046 (T) + RB 258° = 304° - 180° = QTE 124°CW
Distance flown CTV to fix = 105 nm in 42 min = GS 150
TAS 160 – GS 150 = WC- 10kt.

45. (b)

Similar to question 44.

Radial 280LYV is the aircraft’s track
280 – 19° W = QTE 261°
Hdg 270° (M) – 19° W = 251° (T) + RB 135 = 386° - 180° = QTE 206° WM
190 nm in 1.09 = G/S 165
GS 165 – TAS 150 = WC = +15

46. (a)

Similar to question 44
Radial 330 HBV is the aircraft’s track
330 = 15° W = QTE 315°
Draw in 105 DME JSV to cut the aircraft’s track
Distance flown HBV to the fix = 75 nm in 36 min = GS 125
TAS 150 – GS 125 = W/C = -10

47 (b)

Plot QTE 320° KS

Transfer the DME station parallel to the track; 21 minutes @ GS 170 = 60 nm. Draw in
the 75 DME arc. Position = 26°30’S 026°10’E

48. (b)

Draw in the track UPV to LYV.

Plot radial 080 KMV (QTE 062°)
To transfer a position line a GS is required:
TAS 170 -20 WC + GS 150.
Transfer the DME station parallel to the track; 15 minutes at GS 150 = 38 nm. Draw in
the 50 DME arc.
From the fix, the track to Newcastle is 083° (T) + 18°W = 101° (M).

49. (c)

Plot the visual fix.

Me3asure the distance from the fix to Alexander Bay: 348 nm
The time for the descent is:
18000 – 1000 = 17000 ÷ 500 fpm = 34 minutes @ the descent GS 185 = 105 nm covered
during the descent.
Cruise distance = 348 – 105 = 243 @ cruise GS 220 = 1.06
ETA TOD = 1320 + 1.06 = 1426.

50. (a)

Plot the fix:

Radial 046 JSV = QTE 030°.

Measure the distance from the fix to Maputo: 200 nm
Cruise GS = cruise TAS 230 -20 (WC) = GS 210
Descent GS = descent TAS 190 – 20 (WC) = GS 170

The time for the descent is 23000 – 1500 = 21500 ft ÷ 650 fpm = 33 minutes @ the
descent GS 170 = 94 nm covered during the descent.
Cruise distance = 200 – 94 = 106 nm @ cruise GS 210 = 30 minutes
ETA overhead Maputo = 0948 + 30 minutes + 33 minutes = 1051.