Thus, ‗‘environment‘‘ comprises land, air, water and all the physical structures surrounding

According to British ecologist Arthur Tansley (1935), ―An ecosystem is a system that arises
living factors of the environment.‖
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 Living (Biotic) Non-Living (Abiotic)
Components Components

Inorganic
Consumers
Organic

Decomposer Climatic

+ ¾¾¾¾
® + +

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 term ―key industry
animals‖ for the primary consumers because they convert the plant material into animal

ecosystem. Most organisms would soon die if the sun‘s energy is cut off for some time.
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v
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 (―neutral
lovers‖), preferring a pH in the range of 5.5 to 8.0. There are some microbes, however, that
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(―acid lovers‖), preferring an environmental pH range of 0 to 5.5, must use a

(―alkaline lovers‖), preferring an environmental pH range of 8.0 to 11.5, must

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· of earth‘s land surface.

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· known as ‗xerophytes‘ have modifications like pulpy stem to store water

· Commonly known as ‗tundra‘

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· It‘s a very big area which should be converted into arable.

Aquatic organisms are affected primarily by the water‘s depth, temperature,

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v

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Water is the basic element of nature. It covers 70% of the earth‘s

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 .

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earth‘s crust. The phosphate salts are broken down from the rocks. These salts are washed
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―Funding mechanism for enhancing forest and tree cover and conservation and management
funds received towards Compensatory Afforestation‖

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―
‖
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Ø SPCB can declare any area as ―Air Pollution free Area‖ where using of other than

Ø
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Ø
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May be defined as ―any solid, fluid or liquid waste, including its

other like establishments.‖

Is a term used to describe ―any waste t

in the production or testing of biologicals.‖

Is defined as ―any waste coming out of medical care provided in

home.‖

ined as ―waste removed during surgery/autopsy or other

with their containers.‖

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waste has been defined as ―waste electrical and electronic equipment, whole or in part or
rejects from their manufacturing and repair process, which are intended to be discarded‖.

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 is any person who, irrespective of the selling technique used; ‖manufactures and

manufacturers or suppliers; or offers to sell imported electrical and electronic equipment‖ has

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• full management commitment;

• setting overall goals, object
• selecting a team to ensure objectivity and professional competence;

• on
• review of documents and records;
• review of policies;
• inte
• site inspection;

• evaluation of findings;
• reporting with recommendations;
• preparation
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ensure an ―independent‖ view. Some large companies use on

noted as an audit ―finding‖.

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management at the end of the team‘s visit. Each finding and its significance can be
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 ―Silent Spring‖

ovements at the latter half of 1960‘s. With these social backgrounds, the National

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governance and an active civil society‖

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