1

RECIPROCATING PUMP
Lecture – 4 (Week – 4)
Engr. Vaiza Shiraz
 RECIPROCATING PUMP

2 RECIPROCATING PUMP
 “it is a machine which converts
mechanical energy into hydraulic
energy by the displacement action of
plunger in cylinder”.
 It is also called a positive
displacement action pump as it
discharges a definite quantity of liquid
during the displacement of its
piston/plunger in the cylinder.
 It is always used for providing very
high pressures.

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 RECIPROCATING PUMP

3 MAIN COMPONENTS RECIPROCATING PUMP

The main components are:
1. Cylinder
2. Plunger or piston
3. Connecting rod and crank mechanism.
4. Suction pipe
5. Delivery pipe.
6. Suction valve
7. Delivery valve
A diagrammatic sketch of single acting
reciprocating pump is shown in Fig.

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4 FORCE PUMP/SINGLE ACTING PUMP

 “it is a type of reciprocating pump in
which;
✓ Water acts on one side of plunger.
✓ There is one suction valve and one
delivery valve.
✓ In one revolution of crank shaft there is
one suction and one delivery stroke.
✓ Discharge of pump is pulsating.

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5 FORCE PUMP/SINGLE ACTING PUMP

 As the crank moves outwards, the piston moves out creating
suction in the cylinder. Due to the suction water/fluid is
drawn into the cylinder through the inlet valve. The delivery
valve will be closed during this outward stroke. During the
return stroke as the fluid is incompressible pressure will
developed immediately which opens the delivery valve and
closes the inlet valve. During the return stroke fluid will be
pushed out of the cylinder against the delivery side pressure.
The functions of the air vessels will be discussed in a later
section. The volume delivered per stroke will be the product
of the piston area and the stroke length. In a single acting
type of pump there will be only one delivery stroke per
revolution. Suction takes place during half revolution and
delivery takes place during the other half. As the piston
speed is not uniform (crank speed is uniform) the discharge
will vary with the position of the crank. The discharge
variation is shown in figure
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 RECIPROCATING PUMP

6 DOUBLE ACTING PUMP

 In this case the piston cannot be
connected directly with the connecting
rod. A gland and packing and piston rod
and cross-head and guide are additional
components. There will be nearly double
the discharge per revolution as
compared to single acting pump. When
one side of the piston is under suction the
other side will be delivering the fluid
under pressure. As can be noted, the
construction is more complex.

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 RECIPROCATING PUMP

7 FLOW RATE

For

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 RECIPROCATING PUMP

8 POWER

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9 SLIP OF PUMP

The difference between the theoretical discharge and the actual discharge is
known as Slip of the Pump, it is often expressed in percentage.

Some times actual discharge may be more than the theoretical discharge and
this is known as –ve slip.
It happens when length of delivery pipe is very small as compared to the suction
pipe and pump is running at high speed. Delivery valve opens before the
completion of suction stroke and some water is pushed in delivery pipe before
piston commences its delivery stroke.

Prepared By: Engr. Vaiza Shiraz

 RECIPROCATING PUMP

10 COEFFICIENT OF DISCHARGE

It may be defined as the ratio of actual discharge to theoretical discharge. It

is denoted by Cd.

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 RECIPROCATING PUMP

11 VOLUMETRIC EFFICIENCY

It is the coefficient of discharge expressed in percentage. For zero slip, the

volumetric efficiency is 100%.
Mathematically,

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12 NUMERICAL PROBLEM

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13 SUCTION PUMP/HAND PUMP

 “it is a type of reciprocating pump in
which suction is significant as compare
to delivery lift.
 Working:
During upward stroke of plunger in
cylinder, suction pressure develops in
cylinder, valve ‘a’ gets closed and valve
‘b’ gets opened and liquid from suction
pipe moves in cylinder. During downward
stroke of plunger in cylinder, valve ‘b’ a
gets closed and valve ‘a’ gets opened
and liquid comes above plunger. In the b
next upward stroke of plunger, water is
discharged through outlet.
Prepared By: Engr. Vaiza Shiraz
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14 TURBINE PUMP
 It is a multistage axial flow, vertical shaft
centrifugal pump.
 Number of impellers are provided to
same shaft to increase the head.
 Electric motor is installed on the surface
and mechanical energy is transferred at
the required depth by a long vertical
shaft.
 The total head developed by these
pumps depends upon the number of
impellers.
 It can produce head ranging from 25’ to
1000’ or even more.
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15 TURBINE PUMP
 Advantages:
a. No priming is required.
b. No problem of suction lift

Now a days, turbine pumps are most commonly used types of the pumps for
tube wells.

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16 SUBMERCIBLE PUMP
 In this pump, both motor and pump are
submerged in water.
 Electric energy to the motor is supplied
through a long core cable.

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17 SUBMERCIBLE PUMP
 Advantages:
a. No priming is required.
b. No problem of suction lift
c. Can produce higher heads.
d. Very long vertical shaft are not required.
e. Frictional losses are less
f. Cheaper
g. Lesser maintenance cost.

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18

ASSIGNMENT # 5

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