MS.

BIANCA NUESTRO

CHAPTER 2:
Content and Contextual A nalysis of
Selected Primary Sources in
Philippine History
1. A brief summary of the First Voyage
Around the World of Magellan by Antonio
Pigafetta
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First Voyage Around the World of Magellan by Antonio Pigafetta

■ March 16,1521 when F.Magellan discovered the

Philippines
■ He first arrived in Ladrones Islands presently known as
the Marianas Islands
■ March 18, 9 men came to them and were so excited to
see them. Pigaffeta characterized these people as
“very familiar and friendly”
■ March 31, 1521 was the first mass in the Philippines
presided by the chaplain friend of F.Magellan.
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First Voyage Around the World of Magellan by Antonio Pigafetta

■ A man named Zula, asked Magellan wento to see

Magellan and asked him for a boat full of men so
that he would be able to fight Lapulapu.
■ Magellan offered 3 boats instead and desired to go
to Mactan himself to fight the said chief.
■ A pril 26, 1521 when the chieftain of Mactan Cebu,
Lapu-Lapu meet F.Magellan and had the battle with
him.
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First Voyage Around the World of Magellan by Antonio Pigafetta

■ F.Magellan Died in the Battle with Lapu-Lapu

after he was pierced with a poisoned arrow in
his right leg.
■ After the Battle, Antonio Pigafetta went back
in Italy and documented, published what
happen in the Philippines during their
Expedition in the Philippines.
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Analysis of Pigafetta’s Chronicle

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 Analysis of Pigafetta’s Chronicle

■ The chronicle of Pigaffeta was one of the most cited

documents by historians who wished to study the
precolonial Philippines.
■ In the case of Pigaffeta, the reader needs to
understand that he was a chronicler commissioned by
the King of Spain to accompany and document a
voyage intended to expand the Spanish empire.
■ He was also a noble descent who came from a rich
family in Italy.
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2. Kartilya ng Katipunan

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 Kartilya ng Katipunan

■ The most important organization formed in

the Philippine history, it was only this
organization that envisioned
■ 1) a united Filipino nation that would revolt
against the Spaniards for
■ 2) the total independence of the country from
Spain.
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 Kartilya ng Katipunan

■ The original title of the document was “Manga

Aral Nang Katipunan ng mga A.N.B” or “Lessons
of the Organization of the Sons of Country”
■ was written by Emilio Jacinto in the 1896
■ Can be treated as Katipunan’s code of conduct.
It contains 14 rules that instruct the way a
katipunero should behave.
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 Rules in Kartilya

■ 1. The life that is not consecrated to a lofty and

reasonable purpose is a tree without a shade, if not a
poisonous weed.
■ 2. To do good for personal gain and not for its own sake
is not virtue.
■ 3. It is rational to be charitable and love one’s fellow
creature, and to adjust one’s conduct, acts and words
to what is in itself reasonable.
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 Rules in Kartilya

■ 4. Whether our skin be black or white, we are all born

equal: superiority in knowledge, wealth and beauty are
to be understood, but not superiority by nature.
■ 5. The honorable man prefers honor to personal gain;
the scoundrel, gain to honor.
■ 6. To the honorable man, his word is sacred.
■ 7. Do not waste thy time: wealth can be recovered but
not time lost.
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 Rules in Kartilya

■ 8. Defend the oppressed and fight the oppressor before

the law or in the field.
■ 9. The prudent man is sparing in words and faithful in
keeping secrets
■ 10. On the thorny path of life, man is the guide of
woman and the children, and if the guide leads to the
precipice, those whom he guides will also go there.

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 Rules in Kartilya

■ 11. Thou must not look upon woman as a mere

plaything, but as a faithful companion who will share
with thee the penalties of life; her (physical) weakness
will increase thy interest in her and she will remind thee
of the mother who bore thee and reared thee.
■ 12. What thou dost not desire done unto thy wife,
children, brothers and sisters, that do not unto the wife,
children, brothers and sisters of thy neighbor.
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 Rules in Kartilya

■ 13. Man is not worth more because he is a king, because his

nose is aquiline, and his color white, not because he is a
*priest, a servant of God, nor because of the high
prerogative that he enjoys upon earth, but he is worth most
who is a man of proven and real value, who does good,
keeps his words, is worthy and honest; he who does not
oppress nor consent to being oppressed, he who loves and
cherishes his fatherland, though he be born in the
wilderness and know no tongue but his own.
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 Rules in Kartilya

■ 14. When these rules of conduct shall be known to all, the

longed-for sun of Liberty shall rise brilliant over this most
unhappy portion of the globe and its rays shall diffuse
everlasting joy among the confederated brethren of the same
rays, the lives of those who have gone before, the fatigues and
the well-paid sufferings will remain. If he who desires to enter
(the Katipunan) has informed himself of all this and believes he
will be able to perform what will be his duties, he may fill out the
application for admission.
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Analysis of the “Kartilya ng
Katipunan”
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 Analysis of the “Kartilya ng Katipunan”

■ Kartilya ng katipunan is a document written

for a fraternity whose purpose is to
overthrow a colonial regime, we can explain
the content and provisions of the Kartilya as
a reaction and response to certain value
systems that they found despicable.

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 Analysis of the “Kartilya ng Katipunan”

■ In the 4th and 13th rules in Kartilya are invocation of

the inherent equality between and among men
regardless of race, occupation, or status. In the
context of the Spanish colonial era where the
indios were treated as the inferior of the white
Europeans, the Katipunan saw to it that the
alternative order that they wished to promulgate
through their revolution necessarily destroyed this
kind of unjust hierarchy.19
 Analysis of the “Kartilya ng Katipunan”

■ One can analyze the values upheld in the

document as consistent with the burgeoning
rational and liberal ideas in the 18th and 19th
century, particularly during the French revolution.
These values spread throughout Europe and
reached the educated class of the colonies.
Jacinto, an ilustrado himself, certainly got an
understanding of these values.
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 Analysis of the “Kartilya ng Katipunan”

■ The Kartilya was instructive not just of the

Katipunan’s conduct toward other people, but also
for the members’ development as individuals in their
own rights.
■ A ll in all, proper reading of the Kartilya will reveal a
more thorough understanding of the Katipunan and
the significant role that it played in the revolution and
in the unfolding of the Philippine history, as we know
it. 21