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Biochemistry (VIOLET)
Biochemistry (VIOLET)
What biomolecules are considered the most abundant and functionally diverse in the living
system?
A. Proteins
B. Carbohydrates
C. Nucleic acid
D. Fatty acid
E. Terpenoids
6. In amino acids, the pH at whioch the number of positive charges equals the number of
negative charge is termed as ?
A. Chirality
B. Amphoteric property
C. Optical activity
D. Isoelectric point
E. Zwitterions
7. Molecules that contain an equal number of ionizable groups of opposite charge and that
therefore bear no net charge are termed as
A. Chirality
B. Amphoteric property
C. Optical activity
D. Isoelectric point
E. Zwitterions
8. Problems associated with connective tissues and structural protein are present in a number of
disease. In scurvy, hydroxylation of proline residues is decrease and an unstable form of
collagen is produced. Bones, teeth, blood vessels and other structures rich in collagen develop
abnormally. Bleeding gums and poor wound healing are often observed. Which of the
following vitamin deficiencies is associated to scurvy?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin E
C. Vitamin A
D. Vitamin D
E. Vitamin K
11. Evaluate the given statements. (1) Competitive inhibitors compete with the substrate for binding
at the allosteric site of the enzyme. (2) Noncompetitive inhibitors bind to the enzyme or the
enzyme substrate complex at the active site.
A. Only I is correct
B. Only II is correct
C. I and II are correct
D. I and II are incorrect
12. In phenylketonuria, the enzyme phenylalanine hy6droxylase ios deficient. Which of the
following statements is not true about the condition?
A. Phenylketonuria happens as a result of accumulated phenylalanine in the body
B. Tyrosine becomes a essential amino acid among phenylketonuric patients
C. Aspartame is recommended for phenylkotenuric patients
D. Phenylalanine non metabolism leads to mental retardation.
E. None of these
14. What are the amide linkages between the alpha-carbonyl group of one amino acid and alpha
amino group of another?
A. Peptide bonds
B. Disulfide bonds
C. Hydrogen bonds
D. Hydrophobic bonds
E. Ionic bonds
15. Edman’s reagent is used to label the amino terminal residue under mildly alkaline
conditions. What is the component of this reagent?
A. Monosodium glutamate
B. Alpha-naphthol
C. Picric acid
D. Phenylisothiocyanate
E. None of these
16. Several different polypeptide helices are found in nature, but the alpha-helix is the most
common. What bond stabilizes this helix?
A. Hydrogen bond
B. Peptide bond
C. Phosphodiester bond
D. Hydrophobic bond
E.Ionic bond
17. What protein structures reverse the direction of a polypeptide chain, helping it form a
compact, globular shape?
A. alpha-helices
B. beta-sheets
C. Beta-bends
D. All of these
E. Ionic bond
18. What specialized group are required for the proper folding of many species of proteins?
A. Chaperones
B. Heat shockproteins
C. Beta bends
D. A and B
E. A and C
19. Many proteins consist of a single polypeptide chain, and are defined as monomeric proteins.
However, others may consist of two or more polypeptide chains that may be structurally
identical or totally unrelated. These statements describe what protein structure?
A. Primary structure
B. Secondary structure
C. Tertiary structure
D. Quaternary structure
E. None of these
23. What is the hemeprotein found in heart and skeletal muscles which functions both as a
reservoir for oxygen and as an oxygen carrier that increases the rate of transport of oxygen
within the muscle cell?
A. Hemoglobin
B. Myoglobin
C. Actin
D. Myosin
E. Keratin
24. This is found exclusively in red blood cells (RBCs) where its main function is to transport
oxygen (O2) from the lungs to the capiliaries of the tissues.
A. Myoglobin
B. Keratin
C. Collagen
D. Hemoglobin
E. Myosin
25. The major hemoglobin in adults compromising of four polypeptide chains held together by
noncovalent interaction.
A. Hemoglobin A
B. Hemoglobin T
C.Hemoglobin R
D. Hemoglobin F
E. Hemoglobin C
26. These are hereditary hemolytic disease in which an imbalance occurs in the synthesis of
globin chains.
A. Sickle cell anemia
B. Thalassemia
C. Microcytic anemia
D. Iron deficiency anemia
E.Hyperchromic anemia
27. Oxidation of the heme component of hemoglobin to the ferric ion (fe3+) state forms:
A. Carboxyhemoglobin
B. Methemoglobin
C. Ferritin
D. Transferrin
E. Porphyrin
32. Collagen is rich in and , both of which are important in the formation of the
triple-stranded helix.
A. Proline and leucine
B. Proline and isoleucine
C. Proline and glycine
D.Proline and histamine
E. Proline and tyrosine
33. A heterogenous group of generalized connective tissues disorders that result from
inheritable defects in the metabolism of fibrillar collagen molecules, and can result from
a deficiency of collagen processing enzymes (for example, lysyl hydroxylase or or procollagen
peptidase), or from mutations in the amino acids sequences of collagen types I,III or V.
A. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
B. Von Gierke’s syndrome
C. Osteogenesis imperfect
D. Huntington’s disease
E. Hurler’s syndrome
34. A connective tissue protein with rubber like properties in tissues such as the lung.
A. Collagen
B. Keratin
C. Elastin
D. Albumin
E. Hemoglobin
35. A connective tissue disorder that characterize by impaired structural integrity in the
skeleton, the eye, and the cardiovascular system.
A. Hurler’s disease
B. Marfan syndrome
C. Rheumatiod arthritis
D. Gaucher’s disease
E. Huntington’s disease
37. Which of the following pairs is incorrect about the intacellular location of the
biochemical pathways?
A. Lysosome: Macromolecular degradation
B. Nucleus: Protein synthesis
C. Cytosol: Glycolysis
D. Mitochondria: Fatty acid oxidation
E. Cytosol: HMG shunt
38. What is the process of recycling protein into their constituent amino acid, for reuse by the
cell?
A. Protein catabolism
B. Protein turnover
C. Protein synthesis
D. Protein denaturation
E. Protein degradation
39. A large protein that may contain two or more regions of the polypeptide chain that
individual individually have a compact folded structure is called .
A. Domains
B. Chaperones
C. Residues
D. Proteasome
E. None of these
42. The following amino acids contain sulfur on their structure, EXCEPT:
A. Cysteine
B. Methionine
C. Tyrosine
D. Leucine
E. Glycine
43. Which of the following amino acids does not contain benzene ring on its structure?
A.Tyrosine
B. Phenylalanine
C. Trytophan
D. All of these
E. None of these
47. Which of the following is false about the kinetic order of enzyme?
A. When the substrate concentration [S] is much lesser than the Km, the rate of reaction is first
order.
B. When [S] is much greater than Km, the velocity is constant and equal to Vmax.
C. When [S] is much less than Km, the velocity of the reaction is approximately
proportional to the substrate concentration.
D. When the substrate concentration [S] is greater than the Km, the rate of reaction is zero
order.
E. None of these
50. This occurs when inhibitor and substrate bind at different site on the enzyme.
A. Competitive inhibition
B. Non-competitive inhibition
C. Functional inhibition
D. Chemical inihibition
E. Physiological inhibition
51. Enzyme are often measured in clinical diagnosis. Which of the following is
correlatable to an elevated alanine aminotransferase?
A. Brain tumor
B. Hepatic damage
C. Prostate cancer
D. Colon cancer
E. Eye injury
52. ADH requires NAD+ for catalytic activity. In the reaction catalyzed by ADH, an
alcohol is oxidized to an aldehyde as NAD+ is reduced and dissociates from the enzyme.
The NAD+ is functioning as a (an):
A. Apoenzyme
B.Coenzyme-cosubstrate
C. coenzyme-prosthetic group
D. cofactor
E. Eye injury
53. Which of the following is not true about the digestion of protein?
A. Protein digestion begins in the mouth
B. The digestion of protein may be due gastric acid secretion
C. Pancreatic enzyme aid in the digestion of protein
D. Aminopeptidases digest oligopeptides in the small intestine
E. None of these
57. All amino acids participate in transamination at some point in their catabolism, EXCEPT:
A. Lysine
B. Threonine
C. Trytophan
D. A and B
E. A and C
58. What is the only amino acid that undergoes rapid oxidative deamination?
A. Lysine
B. Tyrosine
C. Glutamate
D. Trytophan
E. Ornithine
59. In the transport of ammonia from the peripheral tissues to the liver, which of the following
,mechanism is true?
A. Glutamine is transported in the blood to the liver where it is cleaved by glutaminase to
produce glutamate and free ammonia
B. Alanine is transported by the blood to the liver, where it is converted to pyruvate by
transamination
C. Transamination of pyruvate to alanine is required to allow transport of alanine to the liver.
D. A and B
E. All of these
61. What amino acid is the immediate precursor of both ammonia and aspartate nitrogen?
A. Glutamate
B. Aspartate
C. Pyruvate
D. Oxaloacetate
E. Lactate
63. Ammonia is produced by all tissues during the metabolism of a variety of compounds.
However, The level of ammonia in the blood must be kept really low, because even slightly
elevated concentrations (Hypoammonemia) are toxic to what part of the body system?
A. Autonomic nervous system
B. Central nervous system
C. Integumentary system
D. Skeletal system
E. Digestive system
65. What two nitrogen-containing compounds are incorporated in the urea cycle?
A. Alanine and glutamate
B. Glutamine and alanine
C. Aspartate and ammonia
D. Ammonia and aspartate
E. Alanine and arginine
66. Evaluate the two statements. (1.) Essential amino acids must be obtained from diet in order for
normal protei synthesis to occur (2.) Essential amino acids are produced from the intermediates of
metabolism of protein.
A. Only 1 is correct
B. Only 2 is correct
C. Both are correct
D. Both are incorrect
67. Amino acids whose catabolism yields either acetoacetate or one of its precursors (Acetyl CoA or
acetoacetyl CoA) are termed as. . .
A. Glucogenic amino acids
B. Ketogenic amino acids
C. Metabotropic compounds
D. Amphoteric amino acids
E. Zwitterionic amino acids
68. Which of the following amino acids doesn’t belong to the group?
A. Tyrosine
B. Isoleucine
C. Phenylalanine
D. Lysine
E. Tryptophan
70. Succinyl CoA, A Kreb’s cycle intermediate may be derived from the degration of the
following, EXCEPT
A. Valine
B. Isoleucine
C. Theonine
D. Aspargine
E. None of these
71. The most common clinically encountered inborn error of amino acid metabolism
A. Tyrosinemia type I
B. Phenylketonuria
C. Albinism
D. Maple syrup urine disease
E. Pellagra
75. Albinism refers to a group of conditions in which a defect in tyrosine metabolism results in a
deficiency in the production of
A. Melatonin
B. Melanin
C. Melanocyte
D. All of these
E. None of these
76. The homocystinurias are a group of disorders involving defects in the metabolism of homocysteine.
The most common cause of homocystinuria is a defect in the enzyme cystathionine beta-synthase.
Patients can be responsive (or nonresponsive) to oral administration of vitamin coenzyme of
crystathionine beta-synthase. What vitamin is referred to in this condition?
A. Thiamine
B. Niacin
C. Panthotenic acid
D. Pyridoxine
E. Biotin
77. Which of the following amino acid should be avoided of by patients with alkaptonuria?
A.Phenylalanine
B. Tyrosine
C.Alanine
D. A and B
E. B and C
79. Which one of the following statements concerning a 1 week old male infant with
undetected classic phenylketonuria is correct?
A. Tyrosine is a nonessential amino acid for
the infant
B. High levels of phenylpyruvate appear in his urine
C. Theraphy must begin within the first year of life
D. A diet devoid of phenylalanine should be initiated immediately
E. When the infant reaches adulthood, it is recommended that diet theraphy be discontinued
80. The structure of porphyrin is shown below. Which cyclic organic molecule is present on th
structure?
A. Indole
B. Pyrrole
C. Quinolone
D. Pyridine
E. Piperidine
81. The most prevalent metalloporphyrin in humans is heme. It serves as a prosthetic group for:
A.Cytochrome
B.Hemoglobin
C. Peroxidase
D. All of these
E. A and B
82. Inherited (or occasionally acquired) defect is heme synthesis may result to:
A. Porphyria
B. Phenylketonuria
C.Methemoglobinemia
D. Lead poisoning
E.Albinism
83. What is the approximate number of days of red blood cells to be in the circulation before
degradation?
A. 40 days
B. 80 days
C. 120 days
D. 150 days
E. 365 days
85. Certain anionic drugs, such as salicylates and sulfonamides, can displace bilirubin from albumin,
permitting bilirubin to enter the central nervous system. This cause the potential ffor neural damage in
infants known as:
A. Saint Louis Encephalitis
B. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
C.Steven-johnson’s syndrome
D. Kernicterus
E. All of these
88. What organic polymer protects underlying cell from the harmful effects of sunlight?
A. Melanin
B. Keratin
C. Collagen
D. Catecholamines
E. Heme
89. The 4D symptoms of pellagra include: diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia and death. This is due to
the deficiency of:
A. Niacin
B. Tyrosine
C. Trytophan
D. A and C
E. A and B
90. Trytophan
i. One-letter representation is “T”
ii. Non polar molecule
iii. Deficiency of which can cause Hartup disease
iv. The structure contains phenol side chain
A. I & II are correct
B. I,II, and III are correct
C. II and III are correct
D. I,II,III and IV are correct
E.I,II,III and IV incorrect
92. Estimate the isoelectic point of the structure (reaction mechanism) given below.
A. 2
B. 9
C. 6
D. 5
E. 7
93. Which of the following secondary derived proteins have highest molecular weight
characteristic?
A. Proteoses
B. Peptones
C. Peptides
D.A and B
E. B and C
98. Which of the following bonds is not affected by denaturation due to its high stability?
A. Disulfide bond
B. Peptide bond
C.Hydrogen bond/
D. Ionic bond
E. None of these
100. A tripeptide involved in cellular oxidation-reduction, and is required for maintaining the
integrity of RBC and lens of eyes.
A. Glutathione
B. Vasopressin
C. Encephalin
D. Oxytocin
E. Retinol
101. Which of the following is true about the central dogma of molecular biology?
A. Genetic information found in DNA is copied and transmitted to daughter cells through DNA
replication.
B. Transcription is involved in RNA synthesis
C. The code contained in the nucleotide sequence of messenger RNA molecules is translated to
complete gene expression.
D. All of these
E. A and B
103. A rule which states that "in any sample of DNA, the amount of adenine equals the amount of
thymine, the amount of guanine equals the amount of cytosine, and the total amount of purines equals
the total amount of pyrimidines.”
A. Zaitsev’s rule
B. Hund’s rule
C. VSEPR rule
D. Chargaff’s rule
E. Markovnikov’s rule
105. Most species of bacteria also contain small, circular, extrachromosomal DNA molecules called
plasmids, which may carry genes that convey
A. Antibiotic resistance
B. Antibaterial effect
C. Mutagenic effect
D Antigenicity
E. Transcription
106. When the two strands of the DNA double helix is separated, each can serve as a template
for the replication of a new complementary strand. This produces two daughter molecules, each
of which contains two DNA strands with an antiparallel orientation. This describes:
A. Conservative replication
B. Semiconservative replication
C. Dispersive replication
D. Antigenicity
E. Transcription
108. The strand that is being copied in the direction away from the replication fork, and is
synthesize discountinuously, with small fragments of DNA being copied near the replication fork.
A. Leading strand
B. Lagging strand
C. RNA primer
D. Single strand
E. Double strand
109. Which of the following rRNA size particles is not present in prokaryotes?
A. 23S
B. 15S
C. 5S
D. 40S
E. 50S
112. Which of the consequence of point mutation is expected to happen in the codon transition of UCA
to UCU? Use the genetic code table below for your reference.
A. Silent mutation
B. Missense mutation
C. Nonsense mutation
D. Spontaneous mutation
E. Frameshift mutation
113. A hereditary disease that primarily affects the pulmonary and digestive systems, most commonly
caused by deletion of three nucleotides from the coding region of a gene, resulting in the loss of
phenylalanine at the 508th position in the protein encoded by that gene.
A. Cystic fibrosis
B. Crohn’s disease
C. H.pylori infection
D. Ulcerative colitis
E. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
114. This states that the first (5’) base of the anticodon is not as spatially defined as the other two bases.
Movement of that first base allows nontraditional base-pairing with the last (3’) base of the codon, thus
allowing a single tRNA to recognize more than one codon for a specific amino acid
A. Chargaff’s rule
B. Wobble hypothesis
C. Shine-Dalgamo sequence
D. Semiconservative
E. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
115. Many antimicrobials inhibits protein translation. Which of the following antimicrobials is
correctly paired with is mechanism of action?
A. Tetracyclines – inhibits peptidyltransferase
B. Diphtheria toxin – binds to the 30S subunits
C. Puromycin – inactivates EF-2
D. Erythromycin – binds with 50S ribosomal subunits
E. Clindamycin – binds to the 30S ribosomal subunits
116. The movement of the uncharged tRNA from the P to the E site (before being released), and
movement of the peptidyl tRNA from the A to the P site is termed as:
A. Transcription
B. Translation
C. Translocation
D. Transformation
E. Transferin
120. In DNA replication, what enzyme acts to prevent the extreme supercoiling of the parental helix
that would result as consequence of unwinding at a replication fork?
A. Topoisomerase
B. RNA polymerase
C. Helicases
D. Isomerases
E. Proteolytic enzymes
121. Phase of eukaryotic cell cycle involving DNA (replication) synthesis
A. G1 phase
B. G2 phase
C. G0 phase
D. S phase
E. M phase
122. The deficiency results in an inability to salvage hypoxanthine or guanine, from which
excessive amounts of uric acid are produced
A. Hurler syndrome/
B. Sanfilippo syndrome
C. Gaucher’s disease
D. Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
E. Forbes’ disease
126. A rare hereditary defect of the enzyme system where the cells cannot repair the damage DNA,
resulting in extensive accumulation of mutation and, consequently, early and numerous skin cancers.
A. Basal cell carcinoma
B. Psoriasis
C. Xeroderma pigmentosum
D. Necrotizing fascilitis
E. Lepromatosus leprosy
127. Which of the following statements best describes carbohydrates?
A. Least abundant organic molecules in nature
B. Provide a significant fraction of the dietary calories for most organisms
C. Structural component of many organisms
D. All of these
E. B and C
132. Which of the following polysaccharides is/are derived from plant sources?
A. Cellulose
B. Glycogen
C. Starch
D. All choices are correct
E. A and C
137. Disaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides contains monomer sugar units which
are linked by what bond?
A. Hydrogen bond
B. Phosphodiester bond
C. Glycosidic bond
D. Disulfide bond
E. Hydrophobic bond
140. What effect should drugs like acarbose and miglitol have on the digestion of lactose?
A. Lactose intolerant
B. Diarrhea
C. Lactose digestion
D. A and B
E. None of these
142. Evaluate the two statements: (I) Pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis in cells with
mitochondria and an adequate supply of oxygen. (II) the conversion of glucose to lactate is called
anaerobic glycolysis because it can occur without the participation of oxygen.
A. Only I is correct
B. Only II is correct
C. I and II are correct
D. I and II are incorrect
143. The enzyme that may add or remove phosphate group of sugar is called:
A. Hexokinase
B. PFK
C. Pyruvate kinase
D. All of these
E. A and C
144. The enzyme that function as a glucose sensor in the maintenance of blood glucose
homeostasis.
A. Glucokinase
B. Hexokinase D
C. Fructokinase
D. A and B
E. All of these
150. What is the second most common cause of enzyme deficiency related non-spherocytic
hemolytic anemia?
A. Pyuvate dehydrogenase deficiency
B. Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
C. Morquio syndrome
D. Pyruvate kinase deficiency
E. Sickle cell anemia
151. Anaerobic glycolysis:
I. Pyruvate is the end product
II. Generates 2 ATP per glucose
III. Produces 1 NADH
A. Only I is correct
B. Only II is correct
C. Only III is correct
D. I and III are correct
E. I,II and III are correct
154. What is the final pathway where the oxidative metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids and
fatty acids take place?
A. Kreb’s cycle
B. Glycolysis
C. Urea cycle
D. HMP shunt
E. Oxidative phosphorylation
158. How many ATP molecules are produced from the oxidation of one molecule of acetyl CoA?
A. 6-8 ATPs
B. 12 ATPs
C. 24 ATPs
D. 36-38 ATPs
E. 129 ATPs
160. In Kreb’s cycle, How many NADH, FADH2 and GTP are produced in one round of cycle?
A. 2 NADH, 2 FADH2, and 2 GTP
B. 1 NADH, 3 FADH2, and 3 GTP
C. 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, and 1 GTP
D. 3 NADH, 2 FADH2. and 1 GTP
E. 4 NADH, 0 FADH2, and 2 GTP
164. Seven glycolytic reactions are reversible and are used in the synthesis of glucose from lactate or
pyruvate. In glyconeogenesis, however, some reactions are irreversible and must be circumveted by
alternate reactions that are energetically favor the synthesis of glucose. This gluconeogenesis reactions
include:
I. Carboxylation of pyruvate
II. Decarboxylation of oxaloatate
III. Dephosphorylation of fructose 1,6-biosphate
IV. Dephosphorylation of gluvose 6-biosphate
A. I and II
B. I and III
C. I, II, and III
D. I, II, III, and I
E. II, III, and IV
167. The main stores of glycogen in the body are found in the:
A. Skeletal muscle
B. Liver
C. Kidney
D. A and B
E. B and C
168. Glycogen is a branched-chain polysaccharide made exclusively from a-D-glucose.
Glucose units are mainly linked by:
A. a(1-4) Linkage
B. a(1-6) Linkage
C. B(1-4) Linkage
D. A and B
E. B and C
169. Evaluate the two statements (1) Glycogenesis is synthesis of glycogen (2) Glycosis is
degration of glycogen.
A. Only I is correct
B. Only II is correct
C. I and II are correct
D. I and II are incorrect
170. Evaluate the two statements (1) Glycogenesis accelerates during periods when the body has been
well fed (2) Glycogenesis accelerates during periods of fasting.
A. Only I is correct
B. Only II is correct
C. I and II are correct
D. I and II are incorrect
174. A deficiency of the phosphatate causes glycogen storage disease type 1a. This disease results in
an inability of the liver to provide free glucose to the body during a fast.
A. Von Glerke’s disease
B. Pompe’s disease
C. Cori’s disease
D. Anderson’s disease
E. McArdle’s disease
181. Following the intravenous injection of lactose into a rat, none of the lactose is metabolized.
However, ingestion of lactose leads to rapid metabolism of this disaccharide. The difference in these
observations is a result of:
A. Presence of lactose in the serum
B. The absence of hepatic galactokinase
C. The absence of maltase in the serum.
D. The presence of lactase in the intestine
E. None of these
183. An inherited disease characterized by hemolytic anemia cause by the inability to detoxify
oxidizing agents.
A. Glucose 6-phosphate dehydroganese deficiency
B. Glucose 6-phosphate deficiency
C. Gaucher’s disease
D. Krabbe’s disease
E. Glycogen storage disease
184. In preparation for a trip to an area of India where malaria is epidemic, A young man is given
primaquine prophylactically. Soon thereafter, He develops a hemolytic condition. The most likely
cause of the hemolysis is a less-than-normal level of which of the following?
A. Glucose 6-phosphate
B.Oxidized form of NAD
C. Reduced form of glutathione
D. Ribose 5-phosphate
E. Ribulose 5-phosphate
185. These are long, unbranched, hetero polysaccharide chains generally composed of a repeating
disaccharide unit.
A. Glycoproteins
B. Glycosaminoglycans
C. Metaloproteins
D. Lipopolysaccharides
E. Carbohydrates.
188. Muccpolysaccharidoses are inherited lysosomal storage diseases. They are caused by:
A. An increased rate of synthesis of the carbohydrate component of proteoglycans
B. The synthesis of polysaccharides with an altered structure.
C. Defects in the degradation of GAGs in the proteoglycans
D. The synthesis of abnormally small amounts of protein cones
E. An insufficient of proteolytuc enzymes
189. Which of the following is a cellular defense against reactive oxygen species (ROS)?
A. Superoxide dismutase
B. Catalase
C. Glutathione peroxidase
D. A and B
E. A,B and C
190. Evaluate the two statements (1) Conversion of FMN to FMNH2 requires oxidation (2)
Conversion of NADH to NAD+ requires reduction.
A. Only I is correct
B. Only II is correct
C. I and II are correct
D. I and II are incorrect
191. A theory that explains how the free energy generated by the transport of electricity by the electron
transport chain is used to produce ATP from ADP + Pi
A. Chemiomotic theory
B. Mitchell hyphothesis
C. Archimedis law
D. Noyes-whitney equation
E. A and B
192. In electron transport train, the transport (“pumping”) of protons (H+) across the inner
mitochondria membrane from the matrix to the intermembrane space does not happen at:
A. Complex I
B. Complex II
C. Complex III
D. Complex IV
E. A and C
198. In electron transport chain, which complex is blocked by either carbon monoxide or
cyanide?
A. Complex I
B. Complex II
C. Complex III
D. Complex IV
E. Complex V
199. A leading cause of blindness, which is due to, overtime, oxidative damage to the retinal
pigment epithelium, such that the brain no longer processes light correctly.
A. Macular degeneration
B. Astigmatism
C. Diplopia
D. Nearsightedness
E. Farsightedness
202. Metformin is the standard fist-line oral medication for type 2 diabetes. The use of the drug has the
potential side effect of lactic acidosis. Which of the following explains why this lactic acid build up is
rarely seen clinically?
203. A contestant on a TV reality show, in which the contestant had to survive off the land for a
extended period of time, developed recurrent diarrhea, dermatitis and had trouble remembering things.
These symptoms could be brought about due to lack of which one of the following in the contestant’s
diet?
A. Niacin
B. Thiamine
C. Riboflavin
D. Vitamin C
E. Vitamin D
207. What anti-obesity agent inhibits both gastric and pancreatic lipases?
A. Colestipol
B. Simvastatin
C. Orlistat
D. Niacin
E. Gemfibrozil
209. These are disk shaped clusters of amphipathic lipids that coalesce with their hydrophobic groups
on the inside and their hydrophilic groups on the outside.
A. Micelles
B. Aggregates
C. Coalesce
D. Chylomicron
E. Liposomes
210. A rare, autosomal recessive disorder cause by a deficiency of lipoprotein lipase resulting to
chylomicronemia and hypertriacylglycerolemia.
A. Type 1 hyperlipoproteinemia
B. Type IIa familial hypercholesterolemia
C. Familial dysbetalipoproteinemia
D. Familial hypertriglyceridemia
E. Tangier disease
211. Which of the following fatty acids is a dietary essential in normal humans?
A. Linolenic acid
B. Linoleic acid
C. Arachidonic acid
D. A and B
E. B and C
213. A teenager, concerned about his weight, attempts to maintain a fat-free diet for a period of
several weeks. If his ability to synthesize various lipids were examined, he would be found to be most
deficient in his ability to synthesize:
A. Triacylglycerol
B. Phospholipids
C. Cholesterol
D. Sphingolipids
E. Prostaglandins
214. The oxidation of a molecule of palmitoyl CoA to CO2 and H2O produces:
A. 8 acetyl CoA,7 NADH and 7 FADH2
B. 16 acetyl CoA, 16 NADH and 16 FADH2
C. 7 acetyl CoA, 8 NADH and 8 FADH2
D. 8 acetyl CoA, 8 NADH and 8 FADH2
E. 7 acetyl CoA, 7 NADH and 7 FADH2
217. Evaluate the two statements: (1) if a species of acylglycerol is solid at room temperature, it is
called a “fat” (2) if liquid, it is called an “oil”.
A. Only 1 is correct
B. Only 2 is correct
C. Both 1 and 2 are correct
D. Both 1 and 2 are incorrect
218. The yield from the complete oxidation of fatty acids to CO2 and H2O
A. 9 kcal/g
B. 4kcal/g
C. 7.1kcal/g
D. 3.4 kcal/g
E. None of these
222. Phospholipids
I. Amphipathic
II. Have hydrophilic bond
III. Have a hydrophobic tail
A. Only I is correct
B. I and II are correct
C. I, II and III are correct
D. Only III is correct
E. I, II and III are correct
225. A long chain fatty acid attached to the amino group of sphingosine through an amide
linkage is known as:
A. Ceramide
B. Cerebroside
C. Ganglioside
D. Sulfatide
E. Lipopolysaccharide
229. An autosomal recessive disease caused by in the inability to degrade sphingomyelin leading
to severe mental retardation and neurodegeneration and death in early childhood.
A. Nieman-pick disease
B. Farber’s disease
C. Farby’s disease
D. Gaucher’s disease
E. Tay-sach’s disease
234. Evaluate the two statement: (1) linolenic acid is a dietary precursor of prostaglandin. (2)
arachidonic acid is a immediate precursor of the predominant class of prostaglandin.
A. 1 is correct, 2 is incorrect
B. 1 is incorrect, 2 correct
C. 1 and 2 are correct
D. 1 and 2 are incorrect
235. Two isoenzyme of PGH synthase are known. Which is the inducible form?
A. COX 1
B. COX 2
C. LOX
D. A and B
E. A and C
241. What is the rate-limiting enzyme and the major control point for cholesterol biosynthesis?
A. HMG CoA reductase
B. Decarboxylase
C. Kinase
D. Transferase
E. Isomerase
242. Cholelithiasis is a:
A. Kidney failure condition
B. Cholesterol storage disease
C. Cholesterol gallstone disease
D. Cholesterol degradation failure
E. Heart problem
244. Which of the following lipoproteins contains the highest amount of triacylglycerol?
A. Chylomicron
B. HDL
C. LDL
D. VLDL
E. IDL
250. Carl Derrick, 35y/o male was seen in the emergency room because of recurrent abdominal pain.
The history revealed a 2-year pattern of pain in the upper right quadrant, beginning several hours after
the ingestion of meal rich in fried/fatty food. Ultrasonographic examination demonstrated the
presence of numerous stones in the gallbladder. The patient initially elected treatment consisting of
exogenously supplied chenodeoxycholic acid, but eventually underwent surgery for the removal of
the gallbladder, and had a full recovery. The rationale for the initial treatment of this patient with
chenodeoxycholic acid is that this compound:
A. Interferes with enterohepatic circulation
B. Inhibits cholesterol synthesis
C. Increases de novo bile acid production
D. Increase cholesterol solubility in the bile
E. Increase the hydrophobicity of gallstones
256. Patients with Familial lipoprotein lipase (LDL) deficiency (chylomicronemia) is treated with:
A. Niacin
B. Diet
C. Gemfibrozil
D. Simvastatin
E. Cholestyramine
257. Fatty acids, which are the major source of energy in the human body, are oxidized mainly by:
A. Beta-oxidation
B. w-oxidation
C. a-oxidation
D. peroxisomal oxidation
E. none of these
258. A patient with high blood cholesterol levels was treated with Lovastatin. This drug lowers blood
cholesterol levels due primarily to which one of the following?
A. inhibition of absorption of dietary cholesterol
B. inhibition of lipoprotein lipase in adipose tissue
C. inhibition of citrate lyase in the liver
D. inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase in the liver and peripheral tissues
E. induction of LDL receptors in the liver and peripheral tissues
259. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is caused by a decrease ability of the B-cells of the pancreas to produce
insulin. A person with Type 1 diabetes mellitus who has neglected to take insulin injection will
exhibits which one of the following?
A. Increased fatty acid synthesis from glucose in liver
B. Decreased conversion of fatty acids to ketone bodies
C. Increased stone of triacylglycerol in adipose tissue
D. Increased production of acetone
E. Increased glucose transport into muscle cells
260. Shannon, a 2 day-old infant born at 32 weeks gestation has had breathing difficulties since
birth and is currently on a respirator and 100% oxygen. These difficulties occur due to which one of
the following?
A. An inability of the lungs to contract to exhale
B. An inability of the lungs to expand when taking in air
C. An inability of the lung to respond to insulin
D. An inability of the lungs to respond to glucagon
E. An inability of the lungs to produce energy
264. Which of the following is not considered a essential component of the diet but may provide a
significant contribution to the daily caloric intake of some individuals?
A. Carbohydrate
B. Protein
C. Essential fatty acid
D. Ethanol
E. Miinerals
270. Which of the following fat soluble vitamins has a coenzyme function?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin K
D. Vitamin D
E. Vitamin E
272. A condition in which the blood has a lower than normal concentration of hemoglobin, which
results in reduced ability to transport oxygen.
A. Anemia
B. Hypoxia
C. Methemoglobinemia
D. Erythropoietic protoporhyria
E. Cyanosis
278. Vitamin C:
I. Active form of vitamin c
II. An oxidizing agent
III. Coenzyme on hydroxylation ractions
IV. Facilitates the absorption of dietary iron
A. I and II
B. III and IV
C. I,II, and III
D. I,III and IV
E. I,II,III and IV
281. Thiamine deficiency with is seen primarily in association with chronic alcoholism
A. Beriberi
B. Scurvy
C. Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
D. Hemorrhage
E. RBC fragility
282. Dermatitis, diarrhea and dementia are classic symptoms of what vitamin deficiency?
A. Vitamin B1
B. Vitamin B2
C. Vitamin B3
D. Vitamin B6
E. Vitamin B9
284. Dermatitis, chellosis and glossitis are symptoms of which vitamin deficiency?
A. Vitamin B1
B. Vitamin B2
C. Vitamin B3
D. Vitamin B4
E. Vitamin B5
285. The addition of raw egg white to the diet as a source of protein induces symptoms of biotin
deficiency, namely, dermatitis, glossitis, loss of appetite, and nausea. What component of raw egg
white tightly binds biotin and prevents its absorption from the intestine?
A. Collagen
B. Avidin
C. Albumin
D. Glianin
E. Albuminoid
286. What vitamin is a component of Coenzyme A (CoA, which functions in the transfer of acyl
groups?
A. Vitamin B1
B. Vitamin B2
C. Vitamin B3
D. Vitamin B5
E. Vitamin B6
288. Isotretinoin
I. 13-cis-retinoic acid
II. Treatment of promylelocytic leukemia
III. Useful in severe, recalcitrant cystic acne
A. I only
B. II only
C. III only
D.I and II
E. I, II and III
290. Vitamin K is required in the hepatic synthesis of prothrombin and blood clotting factors II,
VII, IX, and X. Which drug antagonizes the action of Vitamin K?
A. Aspirin
B. Ibuprofen
C. Heparin
D. Warfarin
E. Clopidogrel
293. Vitamin k
A. plays a essential role om preventing thrombosis
B. increases the coagulation time in newborn infants wth hemorrhagic disease
C. is present in high concentration in cow or breast milk
D. is synthesized by intestinal bacteria
E. is a water-soluble vitamin
295. Which of the following biochemical reactions does not happen in the mitochondria?
A. Kreb cycle
B. Fatty acid synthesis
C. Lipoprotein synthesis
D. Beta-oxidation
E. Heme synthesis
296. People who suffer from binges of overeating, followed by self-induced vomiting to avoid
gaining weight have a condition called:
A. Anorexia nervosa
B. Bulimia
C. Stress eating disease
D. Anemia
E. A and B
297. The observable traits of the individuals produced by the interaction of the genes and the
environment
A. Phenotype
B. Genotype
C. Genes
D. Allele
E. Locus