CIVICS

CHAPTER-5 CLASS-VIII
JUDICIARY

Answer the following :

Q1. How is Independence of Judiciary implemented?

Ans 1. It is separated from the Executive and Legislative Body.

2. The central and the state government cannot interfere in the work of Judiciary.

3. The courts are not under government and don’t act on their behalf.

4. Judges in the High Court as well as Supreme Court are appointed by the President
without interference of other branches of the government.

5. It is also very difficult to remove judge from his/her court.

Q2. Explain that ’Lively Hood is a part of Right to Live’

Ans 1. The Judges said that right to Lively hood was the first right to live.

2. Life means something more than mere animals existence.

3. It can’t be a life without means living of Livelihood.

4. They stated that eviction of a person from a pavement or slum will lead to the
deprivation of is means of livelihood.

Q3. Describe the function of Judiciary.

Ans 1. Dispute Resolution :

Resolve disputes between citizens and the government, between two state government
and between the state and central government.
Ans 2. Judicial Reviews :
It can strike down particular law passed by the Parliament. If it is believed that these are
of violation of the Basic Structure of Constitution.
Q4. What is the structure of Court in India?

Ans. The Judicial System of India has various levels:

1. The Apex level is the Supreme Court, which is followed by the High Court at the
state level.
2. District Court add the district level and Lok Adalats at the village Panchayat level.
3. The structure of the court is from the lower to the highest level which resembles
a Pyramid.
Q5. Differentiate between Criminal and Civil Law.

Ans.
CRIMINAL LAW
1.Criminal law deals with the crime and
legal punishment of criminal offence like
theft, robbery or murder etc.
2. It begins with the lodging of the people
FIR with the police.
3. If found guilty accused can be sent to
the jail and also can be fines.
CIVIL LAW
Civil law deals with the dispute between
individual organization.
A Petition has to be filed before the court
by the affected party only.
The court gives a special relief.

Q6. Why do we need Judicial System?

Ans 1. To enforce the rules of Laws.

2. It provide mechanism of court so that a citizen can approach when a law is violated.
3. It plays a crucial role in functioning of India’s democracy.

Q7. Why do you think the introduction of Public Interest Litigation (PIL) in the 1980s is a
significant step in ensuring access to justice for all?

Ans 1. It allowed any individual or organization to file a PIL in the High Court or the
Supreme Court on behalf of those who’s rights were violated.

2. It is also helpful to the illiterate and the poor people who are not educated enough or
can’t afford to access the Indian Legal System of justice.

Q8. Why do you think that Independent Judiciary is necessary to carry out the functions
up holding the laws and enforcing fundamental rights?

Ans. Every citizen of India can approach the Supreme Court or High Court if they believe
that their fundamental right have been violated.
Q9. What do you mean by the term Acquit?

Ans. This refers to the declaring that a person is not guilty of the crime which he/she
was tried for by the court.

Q10. What do you mean by the term to Appeal?

Ans. This term refers to a petition filed before a higher court to hear a case that has
already been decided by a lower court.

Q11. What is Compensation?

Ans. It refers to money given to make amends for an injury or loss.

Q12. What is Eviction?

Ans. This refers to the removal of persons from land/homes that they are currently
living in.

Q13. What do you mean by Violation?

Ans. It refers both to the act of breaking a law as well as to the breach or infringement
of Fundamental Rights.

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