MODULE 1

OVERVIEW TO RIZAL’S
LIFE AND WORKS
INTRODUCTION
This is a course that designed to
familiarize you with the role of
Rizal and other National Heroes in
the
development of nationalism and
national independence
movement. It embraces the
youth's role in
nation building. It shall also
include the important episodes in
Rizal's Life with emphasis on his
literary
works: Novels, Poems, Essays
and Letters. It presents a new
perspective on Rizal's true worth
as a
conscientious builder of the
Filipino nation with a clear view of
its aspirations and as a champion
of the
rights of the Filipinos. It presents a
new dimension to Rizal's role as a
citizen of the world in espousing
and defending human rights and
fundamental freedom.
 This course will help you to
understand and appreciate the
contributions of Dr. Jose Protacio
Rizal to our
national heritage, the influences of
their thoughts on our basic life and
destiny of the Philippine Republic,
and the universality of their
principles.
LEARNING OUTCOMES
By the end of Week, you should
be able to:
1. Discuss the overview of the
course and the course
requirements.
2. Explain the history of the
Rizal Law and its important
provisions.
3. Determine the issues and
interests at stake in the debate
over the Rizal Bill.
4. Relate the issues to the
present-day Philippines.
Read: Introduction and
Overview of studying Rizal’s
Life and Writings
ACTIVITY : Discuss the
following questions below to
the class.
1. Why is there a need to study
the life and works of Jose
Rizal?
2. Reasons why Jose Rizal was
chosen and declared as
Philippine National Hero.
3. Basis used by the
Commission in choosing the
National Hero.
4. What is the deliberative case
why and why not publish or
study the life and book of
Rizal?
5. Who were the senators
against in publishing Rizal
Book and the major reasons
why they
do not want to publish the book
of Rizal?
Reflection: What did you learn
from the two deliberative issues
between the two groups and
what is your personal stand about
this issues?
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
_
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
_
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________

MODULE 1
OVERVIEW TO RIZAL’S
LIFE AND WORKS
INTRODUCTION
This is a course that designed to
familiarize you with the role of
Rizal and other National Heroes in
the
development of nationalism and
national independence
movement. It embraces the
youth's role in
nation building. It shall also
include the important episodes in
Rizal's Life with emphasis on his
literary
works: Novels, Poems, Essays
and Letters. It presents a new
perspective on Rizal's true worth
as a
conscientious builder of the
Filipino nation with a clear view of
its aspirations and as a champion
of the
rights of the Filipinos. It presents a
new dimension to Rizal's role as a
citizen of the world in espousing
and defending human rights and
fundamental freedom.
This course will help you to
understand and appreciate the
contributions of Dr. Jose Protacio
Rizal to our
national heritage, the influences of
their thoughts on our basic life and
destiny of the Philippine Republic,
and the universality of their
principles.
LEARNING OUTCOMES
By the end of Week, you should
be able to:
1. Discuss the overview of the
course and the course
requirements.
2. Explain the history of the
Rizal Law and its important
provisions.
3. Determine the issues and
interests at stake in the debate
over the Rizal Bill.
4. Relate the issues to the
present-day Philippines.
Read: Introduction and
Overview of studying Rizal’s
Life and Writings
ACTIVITY : Discuss the
following questions below to
the class.
1. Why is there a need to study
the life and works of Jose
Rizal?
2. Reasons why Jose Rizal was
chosen and declared as
Philippine National Hero.
3. Basis used by the
Commission in choosing the
National Hero.
4. What is the deliberative case
why and why not publish or
study the life and book of
Rizal?
5. Who were the senators
against in publishing Rizal
Book and the major reasons
why they
do not want to publish the book
of Rizal?
Reflection: What did you learn
from the two deliberative issues
between the two groups and
what is your personal stand about
this issues?
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
_
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
_
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
MODULE 1
OVERVIEW TO RIZAL’S
LIFE AND WORKS
INTRODUCTION
This is a course that designed to
familiarize you with the role of
Rizal and other National Heroes in
the
development of nationalism and
national independence
movement. It embraces the
youth's role in
nation building. It shall also
include the important episodes in
Rizal's Life with emphasis on his
literary
works: Novels, Poems, Essays
and Letters. It presents a new
perspective on Rizal's true worth
as a
conscientious builder of the
Filipino nation with a clear view of
its aspirations and as a champion
of the
rights of the Filipinos. It presents a
new dimension to Rizal's role as a
citizen of the world in espousing
and defending human rights and
fundamental freedom.
This course will help you to
understand and appreciate the
contributions of Dr. Jose Protacio
Rizal to our
national heritage, the influences of
their thoughts on our basic life and
destiny of the Philippine Republic,
and the universality of their
principles.
LEARNING OUTCOMES
By the end of Week, you should
be able to:
1. Discuss the overview of the
course and the course
requirements.
2. Explain the history of the
Rizal Law and its important
provisions.
3. Determine the issues and
interests at stake in the debate
over the Rizal Bill.
4. Relate the issues to the
present-day Philippines.
Read: Introduction and
Overview of studying Rizal’s
Life and Writings
ACTIVITY : Discuss the
following questions below to
the class.
1. Why is there a need to study
the life and works of Jose
Rizal?
2. Reasons why Jose Rizal was
chosen and declared as
Philippine National Hero.
3. Basis used by the
Commission in choosing the
National Hero.
4. What is the deliberative case
why and why not publish or
study the life and book of
Rizal?
5. Who were the senators
against in publishing Rizal
Book and the major reasons
why they
do not want to publish the book
of Rizal?
Reflection: What did you learn
from the two deliberative issues
between the two groups and
what is your personal stand about
this issues?
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
_
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
_
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
MODULE 1
OVERVIEW TO RIZAL’S
LIFE AND WORKS
INTRODUCTION
This is a course that designed to
familiarize you with the role of
Rizal and other National Heroes in
the
development of nationalism and
national independence
movement. It embraces the
youth's role in
nation building. It shall also
include the important episodes in
Rizal's Life with emphasis on his
literary
works: Novels, Poems, Essays
and Letters. It presents a new
perspective on Rizal's true worth
as a
conscientious builder of the
Filipino nation with a clear view of
its aspirations and as a champion
of the
rights of the Filipinos. It presents a
new dimension to Rizal's role as a
citizen of the world in espousing
and defending human rights and
fundamental freedom.
This course will help you to
understand and appreciate the
contributions of Dr. Jose Protacio
Rizal to our
national heritage, the influences of
their thoughts on our basic life and
destiny of the Philippine Republic,
and the universality of their
principles.
LEARNING OUTCOMES
By the end of Week, you should
be able to:
1. Discuss the overview of the
course and the course
requirements.
2. Explain the history of the
Rizal Law and its important
provisions.
3. Determine the issues and
interests at stake in the debate
over the Rizal Bill.
4. Relate the issues to the
present-day Philippines.
Read: Introduction and
Overview of studying Rizal’s
Life and Writings
ACTIVITY : Discuss the
following questions below to
the class.
1. Why is there a need to study
the life and works of Jose
Rizal?
2. Reasons why Jose Rizal was
chosen and declared as
Philippine National Hero.
3. Basis used by the
Commission in choosing the
National Hero.
4. What is the deliberative case
why and why not publish or
study the life and book of
Rizal?
5. Who were the senators
against in publishing Rizal
Book and the major reasons
why they
do not want to publish the book
of Rizal?
Reflection: What did you learn
from the two deliberative issues
between the two groups and
what is your personal stand about
this issues?
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
_
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
_
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
MODULE 1
OVERVIEW TO RIZAL’S
LIFE AND WORKS
INTRODUCTION
This is a course that designed to
familiarize you with the role of
Rizal and other National Heroes in
the
development of nationalism and
national independence
movement. It embraces the
youth's role in
nation building. It shall also
include the important episodes in
Rizal's Life with emphasis on his
literary
works: Novels, Poems, Essays
and Letters. It presents a new
perspective on Rizal's true worth
as a
conscientious builder of the
Filipino nation with a clear view of
its aspirations and as a champion
of the
rights of the Filipinos. It presents a
new dimension to Rizal's role as a
citizen of the world in espousing
and defending human rights and
fundamental freedom.
 This course will help you to
understand and appreciate the
contributions of Dr. Jose Protacio
Rizal to our
national heritage, the influences of
their thoughts on our basic life and
destiny of the Philippine Republic,
and the universality of their
principles.
LEARNING OUTCOMES
By the end of Week, you should
be able to:
1. Discuss the overview of the
course and the course
requirements.
2. Explain the history of the
Rizal Law and its important
provisions.
3. Determine the issues and
interests at stake in the debate
over the Rizal Bill.
4. Relate the issues to the
present-day Philippines.
Read: Introduction and
Overview of studying Rizal’s
Life and Writings
ACTIVITY : Discuss the
following questions below to
the class.
1. Why is there a need to study
the life and works of Jose
Rizal?
2. Reasons why Jose Rizal was
chosen and declared as
Philippine National Hero.
3. Basis used by the
Commission in choosing the
National Hero.
4. What is the deliberative case
why and why not publish or
study the life and book of
Rizal?
5. Who were the senators
against in publishing Rizal
Book and the major reasons
why they
do not want to publish the book
of Rizal?
Reflection: What did you learn
from the two deliberative issues
between the two groups and
what is your personal stand about
this issues?
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
_
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
_
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
chapter 1 Advent of a National Hero

THE BIRTH OF A HERO Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonzo Realonda • His birthdate -June 19,
1861, Wednesday, between 11 and midnight. • His mother almost died during delivery because of his big
head. • He was baptized in the Catholic Church on June 22, 1861 by Father Rufino Collantes. Father
Pedro Casanas- godfather

• The name Jose was chosen by his mother who was a devotee of St. Joseph

RIZAL’S PARENTS • • •

••

FRANCISCO MERCADO RIZAL (father) He was born in Biñan, Laguna on May 11, 1818 He studied
Latin and Philosophy at College of San Jose in Manila He moved to Calamba after his parents death and
become a tenant farmer of the Dominicans owned hacienda Rizal called him “a model of father” He died
in Manila on January 5, 1898 at the age of 80.

••

TEODORA ALONSO REALONDA (mother) She was born in Manila on November 8, 1826 She studied
at the college of Sta. Rosa, a well known college for girls in the city. According to Rizal “my mother is a
woman of more than ordinary culture; she knows literature and speaks Spanish better than i. she corrected
my poems and gave me good advice when I was studying rhetoric. She is a mathematician and has read
many books.” She died in Manila on August 16, 1911 at the age of 85.

THE RIZAL CHILDREN • • • • • • • • • • •

SATURNINA- Neneng PACIANO- confidant of rizal NARCISA- Sisa OLIMPIA- Ypia LUCIA
MARIA- Biang JOSE- Pepe CONCEPCION- Concha, died at the age of 3 JOSEFA- Panggoy
TRINIDAD- Trinidad SOLEDAD- Choleng

THE SURNAME RIZAL • Real surname of the family was Mercado, which was adopted by in 1731 by
Domingo Lameo. • Rizal was given by a Spanish Alcalde Mayor(provincial governor) of Laguna.
Mercado-market Rizal- a field where wheat, cut while still green, sprouts again or evergreen fields.

A GOOD AND MIDDLE-CLASS FAMILY • The family belonged to the principalia or town aristocracy.
• They harvested rice, corn and sugarcane from the farm rented from the Dominican priest. • They also
raised pigs, chicken and turkeys in the backyard. • Doña Teodora managed a general goods store and
operated a small flour mill and a home made ham press • They owned a large stone house and a carriage •
They are the first to owned a private library with more than 1,000 volumes of books • They sent their
children to college in Manila.

HOME LIFE OF THE RIZAL • TRAINED THEIR CHILDREN TO LOVE God, behave well, be
obedient, respect people. • Believed in “spare the rod and spoil the child” • Heard mass in town during
Sundays and Christian holidays.

• Prayed daily- angelus at nightfall and the rosary before going to bed.

chapter 2 Childhood Years in Calamba

Earliest Childhood Memories • 3 years old, in his little nipa cottage while watching the birds • Daily
angelus prayer • Happy moonlight nights at the azotea after the rosary; his aya related stories about
fairies, buried treasures and trees blooming with diamonds • Noctural walk in the town when there was
moon.

FIRST SORROW “When I was four years old, I lost my little sister Concha, and then for the first time I
shed tears caused by love and grief…”

Devoted Son of Church • At three years old, he began to take part in the family prayers. • At five, he was
able to read the Spanish family bible • He loved to go to church to pray, to take part in novenas and to
join the religious processions. • One of the men he esteemed and respected in Calamba during his
boyhood was the scholarly Father Leoncio Lopez, the town priest.

Pilgrimage to Antipolo • On June 6, 1898, Jose and his father left Calamba to go on a pilgrimage to
Antipolo. • First trip across Laguna de Bay and first pilgrimage to Antipolo.

The Story of the Moth • “Moths talked; they knew how to warn. They advised just like my mother”

• “It had died martyr to its own illusions” “TO SACRIFICE ONE’S LIFE FOR AN IDEAL IS
WORTHWHILE”

Artistic Talents • At the age of five, he began to make sketches with his pencil and to mould clay and wax
objects which attracted his fancy “ALL RIGHT LAUGH AT ME NOW! SOMEDAY WHEN I DIE,
PEOPLE WILL MAKE MONUMENTS AND IMAGES OF ME!”
Influences on Hero’s Boyhood 1.

Hereditary Influences •

••••

Malayan ancestor-Rizal evidently, inherited his love for freedom, his innate desire to travel, and his
indomitable courage. Chinese ancestor-he derived his serious nature, frugality, patience, and love for
children. Spanish ancestor-he got his elegance of bearing, sensitivity to insult, and gallantry to ladies.
Father-sense of self-respect, love for work, habit of independent thinking. Mother-religious nature, spirit
of self sacrifice, passion for arts and literatures.

2. Environmental Influences

••••••

•••

Scenic beauty of Calamba Religious atmosphere at home, Paciano-love for freedom and justice Sister-
courtesy and kindness to women Aya-interest in folklore and legends Tio Jose Alberto-inspired him to
develop his artistic abilities Tio Manuel- encourage him to develop his body by physical exercises, horse
riding, walking and wrestling Tio Gregorio-intensified his voracious reading of good books Father
Leoncio lopez-love for scholarship and intellectual honesty Execution of Gom-Bur-Za-awakened his
spirit of partriotism to redeem his oppressed people.

3. Aid of the Divine Providence “Greater than heredity and environment in the fate of man is the aid of
the divine providence. A person may have everything in life- brains, wealth, and power- but without the
aid of the great Providence, he cannot attain greatness in the annals of the nation. ”

chapter 3 Early Education in Calamba and Biñan

THE HERO’S FIRST TEACHER Doña Teodora • Taught Rizal the alphabet and prayers

• Patient, conscientious and understanding • Discovered Rizal's talent for poetry

• Tells story to stimulate her son’s imagination

PRIVATE TUTORS in Calamba • Maestro Celestino

• Maestro Lucas Padua • Leon Monroy- former classmate of Rizal’s father and instructed him in Spanish
and Latin

JOSE GOES TO BIÑAN • Accompanied by Paciano one Sunday afternoon in June 1869 • Proceed to
their Aunt’s house where Jose will lodge • Jose went sightseeing with his cousin Leandro
FIRST DAY IN BIÑAN SCHOOL MAESTRO JUSTINIANO AQUINO CRUZ’S SCHOOL

Rizal’s maestro • The school was the house of the teacher, 30 meters from the home of Jose’s aunt •
Engaged in school fight on the first day

PAINTING LESSONS IN BIÑAN • Juancho, father in-law of the school teacher • Spent many leisure
hours at the studio • Jose and his classmate Jose Guevara became apprentices of the old painter

BEST STUDENT IN SCHOOL • Jose beat all his classmates in academic studies.(Spanish, Latin and
studies) • Some were jealous of his intellectual superiority • Thus discerning Jose to the teacher’s eyes.

END OF BIÑAN SCHOOLING • Before Christmas season in 1870, he received a letter from Saturnina
informing him of the arrival of the steamer Talim that would take him to Calamba. • He left Biñan in
december 17, 1870 after a year and a half of schooling.

MARTYRDOM OF GOM-BUR-ZA • Executed at sunrise, February17, 1872 17 years later, in a letter to

Mariano Ponce, he said: “At the sight of those injustices and cruelties while still a child my imagination
has been awakened and I swore to devote my self to avenge one day so many victims and with this idea in
mind I have been studying, and this can be read in all my works and writings. God will someday give me
an opportunity to carry out my promise”

INJUSTICE TO HERO’S MOTHER • Before June 1872 Doña Teodora was arrested on a malicious
charge that she and her brother Jose Alberto tried to poison the later’s wife. • Doña Teodora was forced to
walked from Calamba to Sta. Cruz(50km)

• Was incarcerated for 2 ½ years

chapter 4 Scholastic Triumphs at Ateneo de Manila (1872-1877)

• SAN JUAN DE LETRAN - Dominican owned college and a rival of Ateneo de Manila. • ATENEO
MUNICIPAL - formerly known as Escuela Pia, a charity school for poor boys in Manila which was
established by 1817 and later became Ateneo de Manila. Rizal took and passed the examination in
COLLEGE OF SAN JUAN DE LETRAN but he enrolled in ATENEO when he came back to Manila.

RIZAL ENTERS ATENEO • FATHER MAGIN FERRANDO (college registrar) - refused to admit Jose
Rizal because ; He was late for registration He was sickly and undersized for his age • MANUEL XEREZ
BURGOS – nephew of Father Burgos, helped Rizal to be admitted to Ateneo in the condition he will used
the second surname • RIZAL - surname used by Jose Rizal because Mercado became under suspicion by
the Spanish authorities. • MERCADO – surname used by Paciano • TITAY – owner of the boarding
house where Rizal boarded to settle the bill owed by Titay by about Php300.00

JESUIT SYSTEM OF EDUCATION Reasons why Jesuit System was advanced than other college It
trained the character of students by rigid discipline and religious instruction. It promotes physical culture,
humanities and scientific studies. Aside from academic courses leading to AB, it offers vocational course
in agriculture, commerce, mechanics and surveying. They were given splendid professors. They acquired
prestige as an excellent college for boys.
TWO GROUPS OF STUDENT • Roman Empire (internos/boarders) -RED FLAG • Carthaginian Empire
(externos/non-boarders) BLUE FLAG

5 RANKS EMPEROR TRIBUNE DECURION CENTURION STANDARD BEARER • RAYADILLO –

official uniform of Ateneo students

• FATHER JOSE BECH – first teacher of Rizal in Ateneo Rizal was placed as a flag bearer but after a
week he showed his progress and after a month he became the emperor. • SANTA ISABEL COLLEGE –
where Rizal took his Spanish lessons during recess and paid for Php 3.00 Rizal returned to Calamba for
his vacation. Saturnina brought him to Tanawan to visit their mother to cheer him up. After the vacation
he returned to Ateneo for his second year. He stayed at DOÑA PEPAY house, an old landlady with
widowed daughter and four sons.

SECOND YEAR IN ATENEO(1873-1874) He again became an emperor; he also received excellent

grades in all subjects and a gold medal. In March 1874, he returned to Calamba for his vacation.
PROPHECY OF MOTHER’S RELEASE • Doña Teodora was released in the jail after 3 months like
what Jose Rizal said. • St. Joseph – Rizal was comparable because of his interpretation about his mother’s
release.

TEENAGE INTEREST IN READING TWO FAVORITE NOVELS OF RIZAL • THE COUNT OF

MONTE CRISTO by Alexander Dumas • TRAVEL IN THE PHILIPPINES by Feodor Jagor •
UNIVERSAL HISTORY by Cesar Cantus – he wishes to buy THIRD YEAR IN ATENEO (1874-1875)
He only got 1 medal in his Latin subject, then on March 1875 he returned to Calamba.

FOURTH YEAR IN ATENEO (1875-1876) JUNE 16,1875 – Rizal became an interno in Ateneo
FATHER FRANCISCO SANCHEZ - Rizal’s favorite teacher

Rizal won 5 medals and topped in all subjects and on March, 1876 he returned to Calamba. Rizal became
the pride of the Jesuits and he obtained highest grades in all subjects. He received the degree of Bachelor
of Arts with the highest honors during commencement exercise.

EXTRA CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES IN ATENEO He was an emperor and a campus leader outside.
Secretary of the Marian Congregation Member of Academy of Spanish Literature Member of Academy
of Natural Sciences FATHER JOSE VILLACLARA – advised Rizal to stop communing with the muses
but to pay more attention to practical studies.

Rizal studied painting at AGUSTIN SAEZ and sculpture under ROMUALDO DE JESUS, a Filipino
sculptor.

SCULPTURAL WORKS IN ATENEO •

THE VIRGIN MARY - he carved an image with Batikuling (Phil. Hardwood) with his pocket knife

• FATHER LLEONART – requested Rizal to carved an image of SACRED HEART OF JESUS

POEMS MADE BY RIZAL IN ATENEO Doña Teodora was the first one to discover Rizal’s poetical
talent while Fr. Sanchez helped Rizal to develop his talent. Poems written by Rizal:
Mi Primera Inspiration (My First Inspiration) - dedicated to Rizal’s mother Through Education Our
Motherland Receives Light The Intimate Alliance between Religion and Good Education To the Child To
the Virgin Mary

DRAMATIC WORK IN ATENEO • Father Sanchez requested Rizal to wrote a drama based with ST.
EUSTACE THE MARTYR and on June 2, 1876, Rizal had finished the drama.

FIRST ROMANCE OF RIZAL • SEGUNDA KATIGBAK – a 14 yr. old Batangueña from Lipa whom
Rizal first fell in love with but Segunda was already engaged to Manuel Luz. • MARIANO KATIGBAK
– brother of Segunda.She studied in LA CONCORDIA COLLEGE where Segunda and Olimpia (Rizal’s
sister) also studied

chapter 5 Medical Studies at the University of Santo Tomas (1877-1882)

2 courses enrolled at UST Philosophy and Letters(1877-1878) Medicine • Don Francisco and Paciano
wanted Jose to pursue higher learning in the university. • Doña Teodora opposed the idea and told her
husband “Don’t send him to Manila again; he knows enough. If he gets to know more, the Spaniards will
cut off his head.”

RIZAL ENTERS THE UNIVERSITY • April 1877, Rizal at 16 years old, entered University of Santo
Tomas 2 reasons why he enrolled Philosophy and Letters His father liked it He was not sure what career
to pursue Father Pablo Ramon-Rector of the Ateneo- Rizal asked for advice on the choice of career He
took up a medical course 1878-1879 because; He followed Ateneo Rector’s advice Wanted to cure his
mother’s growing blindness

FINISHES SURVEYING COURSE IN ATENEO 1878 • He took a vocational course in Ateneo during
his first term in UST. • The course lead to the title of PERITO AGRIMENSOR (expert surveyor). • He
passed the final examination at the age of 17. • He was granted the title on November 25, 1881. • His
loyalty to Ateneo continued.

President of the Academy of Spanish Literature Secretary of the Academy of Natural Sciences Secretary
of the Marian Congregation

ROMANCES WITH OTHER GIRLS • “MISS L” A girl with seductive eyes The romance died a natural
death because: The sweet memory of Segunda was still fresh in his heart His father did not like the family
of “Miss L”

• LEONOR VALENZUELA Daughter of Capitan Juan and Capitana Sanday Valenzuela, their neighbors
who were from Pagsanjan, Laguna Her pet name was “Orang” Rizal sent notes to her made with in visible
ink (salt solution)

• LEONOR RIVERA Jose boarded in Casa Tomasina (No.6 Calle Santo Tomas, Intramuros) Daughter of
his land lord-uncle from Camiling, Antonio Rivera She was a student at La Concordia College, also the
school of Soledad, Jose’s youngest sister Born in Camiling, Tarlac on April 11, 1867 She used the name
“Taimis” in her letters to Rizal
VICTIM OF SPANISH OFFICER’S BRUTALITY • Setting: Dark night, summer vacation 1878.
Calamba • He passed by a lieutenant of the Guardia Civil but failed to recognized the latter. • Insulted, the
lieutenants lashed Jose’s back with his sword.

• Jose reported to General Primo de Rivera, Spanish governor general, but no resolution was done
because of racial discrimination.

TO THE FILIPINO YOUTH (1879) •

•••

Literary contest by Artistico-Literario (Artistic-Literary Lyceum) Rizal, 18 years old, submitted his poem
entitled A La Juventud Filipina (To the Filipino Youth)The first prize, a feather shaped, gold ribbon
decorated silver pen was given to Rizal In the poem, Rizal beseeched the Filipino to rise from lethargy, to
let their genius fly swifter than the wind and descend with art science to break the chains that have long
bound the spirit of the people. The poem is a classic. Two reasons: It was the first great poem in Spanish
written by a Filipino whose merit was recognized by Spanish literary authorities It expressed for the first
time the nationalistic concept that the Filipinos, and not the foreigners were the “fair hope of the
Fatherland.”

THE COUNCIL OF THE GODS (1880) Another literary contest by the ArtisticLiterary Lyceum to
commemorate the fourth centennial of the death of Cervantes, Spanish and author of Don Quixote.
Manuel De Cervantes– Spain’s glorified man of letter • Rizal submitted anallegorical drama, El Consejo
de los Dioses (The Council of the Gods). • The allegory was based on Greek classics. • Rizal was aided
by Father Rector of the Ateneo in securing the needed reference materials. • The contest was participated
by priest, laymen, professors of UST, news paper men and scholars. • Rizal won the first price; he
received a gold ring engraved with bust of Cervantes. • D.N. Del Puzo– a Spanish writer won the 2nd
price.

OTHER LITERARY WORKS •

1879: Abde-al-Azis y Mahoma A poem, declaimed by an Atenean, manuel Fernandezon December 8,

1879 in honor of the Ateneo’s Patroness.

1880: Justo al Pasig(Beside the Pasig) Azarzuela, staged by the Atenean son December 8, 1880 on the
Feast Day of the Immaculate Conception, Patroness of the Ateneo. Rizal wrote it as President of the
Academy of Spanish Literature.

1880: A Filipinas A sonnet, for the album of the Society of Sculptors Rizal urged all Filipino artist to
glorify the Philippines.
•

1881: Al M.R.P. Pablo Ramon A poem, an expression of affection to Father Pablo Ramon, the Ateneo
rector.

RIZAL’S VISIT TO PAKIL AND PAGSANJAN May 1881- Jose, along with his sisters Saturnina,
Maria, and Trinidad and female friends went on a pilgrimate to Pakil, famous shrine of the Birhen Maria
de los Dolores. • • •

••

They boarded a casco (aflat-bottom sailing vessel) from Calamba to Pakil, Laguna They stayed at the
home of Mr. and Mrs. Manuel Regalado, parents of Nicolas, Rizal’s friend in Manila The company
witnessed the famous turumba, the people dancing in honor of the miraculous Birhen Maria de los
Dolores Rizal was infatuated by Vicenta Ybardolaza She was skillful in playing the harp at the Regalado
home Rizal and his party then went to Pagsanjan for two reasons It was the native town of Leonor
Valenzuela To see the world famed Pagsanjan Falls

CHAMPION OF FILIPINO STUDENTS • There were frequent student brawls between the Filipino sand
the Spaniards • 1880: Rizal founded Compañerismo (Comradeship),a secret society of Filipino UST
students. The members were called “Companions of Jehu”. • He was the chief of the society.

• His cousin, Galicano Apacible was the secretary. • In one of the skirmishes, Rizal was wounded on the
head. His friends brought him to Casa Tomas in a where Leonor Rivera took care of him.

UNHAPPY DAYS AT THE UST Rizal was unhappy in the Dominican institution because: The
Dominican professors were hostile to him The Filipino students were racially discriminated by the
Spaniards The method of instruction was obsolete and repressive. He failed to win high scholastic honors
due to the attitude of his professors.

DECISION TO STUDY ABROAD Rizal decided to study in Spain after finishing the fourth year of his
medical course. The people who approved this are the following: His older brother Paciano His sisters
Saturnina (Neneng) and Lucia Uncle Antonio Rivera The Valenzuela family Some friends

The people who did not know of his decision are the following: Rizal’s parents Leonor Rivera Spanish
authorities

chapter 6

In Sunny Spain(1882-1885)

The Secret Mission To observe keenly the life and culture, languages and costume, industries and
commerce, and government and laws of the European nations in order to prepare himself in the mighty
task of liberating his oppressed people from Spanish tyranny. May 20, 1882- Paciano disclosed the
Rizalian secret mission in his letter to his younger brother.

Secret Departure For Spain • •

••••••

Person who knows Rizal’s secret departure for Spain: Paciano Antonio Rivera (his uncle; father of
Leonor Rivera) Neneng and Lucia (his Sister) Valenzuela Family (Captain Juan and Capitana Sunday and
their daughter Orang) Pedro A. Paterno Mateo Evangelista (his Compadre) The Ateneo Jesuit Priests
Some intimate friends, including Chengoy (Jose M. Cecilio)

• Jose Mercado- the name of his cousin from Biñan he used as his name.

• May 3, 1882- Rizal departed on board the Spanish steamer SALVADORA bound for Singapore.

Singapore During the voyage to Singapore he carefully observed the people and things on board the
steamer. • 16 passengers- 5 or 6 ladies, many children, and the rest were gentlemen. • Donato Lecha- ship
captain of steamer the SALVADORA • May 8, 1882- Rizal saw a beautiful island, fascinated by its scenic
beauty. He remember “Talim Island with the Susong Dalaga”.

CHESS- the game played with his fellow passengers who were much older than him.This will relieve his
tedious boredom of the sea voyage.

MESEILLEISE- the song that he liked while he was on the ship

Singapore Hotel dela Paz•Rizal landed in Singapore and registered at the hotel. He spent two days on a
sight seeing soiree of the city which was a colony of England. •He saw the famous Botanical Garden, the
beautiful Buddhist temple, the busy shopping district, and the statute of Sir Thomas Stanford
Raffles(founder of Singapore).

From Singapore to Colombo • DJEMNAH- a French steamer which Rizal when he left Singapore for
Europe • May 11, 1882- the Djemnah reached POINT GALLE a seacoast town in southern Ceylon (now
Sri Lanka) • COLOMBO- the capital of Ceylon.

First Trip Through Suez Canal • CAFÉ OF GUARDAFUI, AFRICA- Rizal called the place “inhospitable
land but famous”. • ADEN- Rizal next stop over. He was amused to see the canals, for it was the first
time he saw camels.

• RED SEA TERMINAL OF THE SUEZ CANAL- the city of suez where the Djemnah proceeded after
leaving Aden.

• SUEZ CANAL- was built by FERDINAND DE LESSEPS (French diplomat engineer). It was
inaugurated on November 17, 1869.

Naples and Marseilles • June 11 – Rizal reached Naples, an Italian city Rizal was fascinated by MOUNT
VESUVIUS and CASTLE OF ST. TELMO. • June 12- The boat anchored at Marseilles. He visited the
famous Chateau d’If, where Dantes, hero of the The Count of Monte Cristo, was imprisoned. Rizal stayed
here for 2½ days.

Barcelona •MAY 16, 1882– he reached BARCELONA; the greatest city of CATALUÑA and Spain’s 2nd
largest city. •LAS RAMBLAS–famous street in Barcelona. •PLAZA DE CATALUÑA–the place where a
welcome party for Rizal was made by Rizal’s schoolmates at Ateneo.

AMOR PATRIO (Love of Country) -he wrote it in Barcelona; this is a nationalistic essay which was first
written in Spanish soil under the pseudonym of Dimas– Alang Published in two text Spanish–Rizal
Filipino–M.H. del Pilar DIARYONG TAGALOG– first Manila bilingual newspaper FRANCISCO
CALVO– editor of Diaryong Tagalog; member of editorial staff TWO PEN NAMES USED BY RIZAL
DIMAS–ALANG– used in joining the Masonry LAONG LAAN– used in his essay THREE ARTICLES
FOR DIARYONG TAGALOG Amor Patrio (Love of Country) Los Viajes (Travels) Revista de Madrid
(Review of Madrid)– it was returned to him because of financial reasons Then Rizal moves to Madrid.

SAD NEWS FROM HOME Spread of Cholera that was ravaging Manila and other provinces Leonor
Rivera was getting thinner because of an absence of a loved one. LIFE IN MADRID • He enrolled at
UNIVERSIDAD CENTRAL DE MADRID (Central University of Madrid) • 2 courses enrolled
(MEDICINE, PHILOSOPHY & LETTERS) • Took lessons at the Academy of San Carlos (Painting &
Sculpture) • He also took private lessons in (GERMAN, FRENCH & ENGLISH)

Romance with Consuelo Ortiga y Perez • Rizal was not handsome man. He was neither dashing nor
imposing, for he was a shy small man-a few inches above five feet in height. But he possessed an aura of
charisma due to his many- splendored talents and noble character which made him attractive to romantic
young woman. Rizal was attracted by Consuelo’s beauty and vivacity. • Don Pablo- father of Consuelo

• August 22, 1883 - Rizal composed a lovely poem dedicated to Consuelo. • A La Senorita C.O. y P.(To
Miss C. O. y P.) • He expressed his admiration for her. He found solace and joy in her company.

Before his romance with Consuelo could blossom into to a serious affair, he suddenly backed out for two
reasons: 1. He was still engaged to Leonor Rivera 2. His friend and co-worker in propaganda movement,
Eduardo de Lete, was madly in love with Consuelo.

THEY ASKED ME FOR VERSES In 1882, shortly after his arrival in Madrid, Rizal joined the Circulo
Hispano-Filipino (Hispano-Philippine Circle), a society of Spaniards and Filipino. Upon the request of the
members of this society, he wrote a poem entitled “Me Piden Versos” (they ask me for verses) which he
personally declaimed during the New Years Eve.

Rizal as Lover of Book Rizal’s Collection of Books: • The Bible • Hebrew Grammar • Lives of the
Presidents of the United States from Washington to Johnson • Complete works of Voltaire (9 volumes) •
Complete works of C. Bernard (16 volumes)

• History of the the French Revolution • The wandering Jew • Ancient Poetry • Works of Thucydides •
The Byzantine Empire • The Characters by La Bruyere • The Renaissance • Uncle Tom’s Cabin by
Harriet Beecher Stowe • Works of Alexander Dumas • Louis XIV • His Court

Rizal’s First Visit to Paris (1883) • June 17 to August 20, 1883 Rizal left Madrid for Paris to spend his
summer and to observe the big French City.
Rizal as a Mason • Rizal got contacts with the Liberal and Republican Masons. In 1883, he joined the
MASONIC LODGE ACACIA in Madrid adopting the Masonic name DIMAS–ALANG. REASONS
WHY HE JOINED MASONRY • The bad friars in the Philippines, by their abuses unworthy of their
priestly habit, drove Rizal to desperation and to masonry. He needed to help the masons to fight the bad
friars in the Philippines. • Upon November 15, 1892 he became the master mason of LODGE
SOLIDARIDAD and on February 15, 1892 he became the master mason of LE GRAND DE ORIENT
FRANCE in Paris.

Financial Worries • Don Francisco (the Hero’s father)- he was a good raiser of turkeys • June 25, 1884-
Rizal was broke, he was unable to take breakfast that day. His allowance from the Philippines did not
arrived

Rizal’s Salute to Luna and Hidalgo • June 25, 1884- Rizal was a guest speaker in a banquet held in honor
and celebrate the double victory of the Filipino artist in the National Exposition of Fine Arts in Madrid.
Juan Luna- Spoliarium winning first prize. Felix Resurreccion HidalgoChristian Virgins Exposed to the
Populace winning second prize.

Rizal Involved in Student Demonstrations • June 20-22, 1884- the serene city of Madrid exploded in
bloody riots by the students of the Central University. Dr. Miguel Morayta – Professor of History – He
proclaimed “the freedom of science and the teacher” Doctor Creus – A very unpopular man, disliked by
everybody.

Studies Completed in Spain • June 21, 1884 - he passed all subject leading to the degree of Doctor of
Medicine. – He was not awarded his Doctor's Diploma because of not presenting his thesis required for
graduation nor paid the corresponding fees. • June 19, 1884 - he also finished his studies in Philosophy
and Letters, with a higher grades. – He was awarded the degree of Licentiate in Philosophy and Letters by
the Universidad Central de Madrid.

chapter 7 Paris to Berlin (1885-1887)

In Gay Paris (1885-1886) • Maximo Viola - a medical student and a member of a rich family of San
Miguel, Bulacan. He was visited by Rizal in Barcelona ,on his way to Paris • La Publicidad- the
newspaper Rizal’s articles on the Carolines Questions was published. • Señor Eusebio Corominas - editor
of the newspaper La Publicidad • Don Miguel Morayta - owner of La Publicidad • Dr. Louis de Weckert -
leading French Ophthalmologist, Rizal worked as an assistant, for about four months.

Rizal as Musician • Alin Mang Lahi (Any Race) – A pariotic song which asserts that any race aspires for
freedom. • La Deportacion (Deportation) – A sad danza he composed in Dapitan during his exile.

In Historic Heidelberg •

Chess Player’s Club – Rizal became a member of chess player in Heidelberg.

Dr. Otto Becker – German Ophthalmologist – Rizal worked at the university Eye Hospital under him.
Prof. Wilhelm Kuehne – Rizal attended to his lecture at the University of Heidelberg. Rizal visited the
scenic spot around Heidelberg – Famous Heidelberg Castle – The romantic Neckar River – The Theater –
The old Churches

To the Flower of Heidelberg • Forget-me-not – The light blue – Rizal favorite flower • A Las Flores de
Heidelberg (To the Flower of Heidelberg) – Rizal mood of homesickness wrote a fine poem.

With Pastor Ullmer at Wilhelmsfeld Rizal spent a three-months of summer vacation in Wilhelmsfeld • Dr.
Karl Ullmer – Protestant pastor – Rizal became his good befriend and admirer – Two children » Friedrich
(Fritz) » Etta They debate on religion but never quarrel

First letter to Blumentritt • Prof. Ferdinand Blumentritt – Director of the Ateneo of Leitmeritz, Austria. –
Rizal had heard of this Austrian ethnologist who is interested in the Philippine language. • Rizal sent two
books to Blumentritt – Aritmetica (Arithmetic) – Spanish and Tagalog Language- the author was Rufino
Baltazar Hernandez, a native of Santa Cruz, Laguna.

In Leipzig and Dresden Leipzig- he stayed for 2 ½ months in this German city.

– History and Psychology- Rizal attended some lectures at University of Leipzig. – He met: • Prof.
Friedrich Ratzel - famous German Historian • Dr. Hans Meyer - German anthropologist Rizal translated
German into Tagalog Schiller’s William Tell Hans Christian Andersen’s Fairy Tales Dresden- he stayed
for 2 days and met • Dr. Adolph b. Meyer - Director of the Anthropological and Ethnological Museum In
Berlin Rizal Met the following:

Rizal Welcome in Berlin’s Scientific Circle •

••

••

Dr. Feodor Jagor – a German scientist-traveler » Travels in Philippines author by Dr. Jagor Dr. Rudolf
Virchow – Famous German Anthropologist Dr. Hans Virchow – Professor of Descriptive Anatomy Dr.
W. Joest – Noted German Geographer Dr. Karl Ernest Schweigger – Famous German Ophthalmologist –
Rizal worked in the clinic as assistant Rizal become a member » Anthropological Society » Ethnological
Society » Geographical Society • Tagalische Verkunst (Tagalog Metrical Art)- Rizal wrote a scholarly
paper in German

Rizal’s life in Berlin • Rizal lived in this famous capital unified Germany in five reasons: 1. To gain
further knowledge of ophthalmology 2. To further his studies of science and language 3. To observe the
economic had political conditions of the German nation 4. To associate with famous German scientists
and scholars 5. To publish his novel, Noli Me Tangere
chapter 8 Noli Me Tangere Published in Berlin

• 1886 (winter) » memorable moment in Rizal’s life TWO REASONS: It was a painful episode for he
was hungry, sick and despondent in a strange city. A great joy because his novel Noli Me Tangere, was
published on March 1887.

Idea of Writing a Novel on the Philippines • Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe – The book
that inspired Rizal to write a novel about the suffering of the Filipinos to the Spaniards. • Central
University in Madrid – where Rizal started writing the novel • July 2, 1884 – Rizal proposed the writing
of a novel about the Philippines

The Writing of the novel • Towards the end of 1884 – Rizal began writing the novel in Madrid and
finished ½of it. • 1885 – he was in Paris, he continued writing the novel, finishing the ½ of the 2nd half

• Germany – he finished the ¼ of it. • Last 2 chapters – he finished it at Wilhelmsfeld in April – June
1886

• December 1886 – he was in Berlin where he plan to published his novel, Noli Me Tangere • Fernando
Canon – where Rizal wrote his worries about the publishing of his novel

Viola, Savior of the Noli • Dr. Maximo Viola – A rich friend of Rizal from Bulacan who financed the
publishing the Noli. – Lives at San Miguel, Bulacan – December 25, 1887, he arrived at Berlin

• Chapter of Elias and Salome – This chapter was deleted for some financial purposes. • February 11,
1857 – Noli was ready for printing • Berliner Buchdruckrei Actien Gesellschaft – a publishing house that
charged the lowest rate for publishing Rizal’s novel • Php 300.00 – the cost of printing for 2,000 copies

Rizal Suspected as French Spy • During the printing of NOLI, the chief of police BERLIN visit RIZAL’s
boarding house and requested to see his passport, unfortunately, that time to travel with or without
passports is possible. The police chief then told him to produce a passport after 4 days. • Immediately
VIOLA accompanied RIZAL in the Spanish Ambassador, the COURT of BENOMAR, who promised to
attend to the matter but the ambassador failed to keep his promise, it turns out that he had no power to
issue the required passport. The 4 day ultimatum expired. RIZAL himself apologized to the chief police,
while asking why he has to be deported. The police chief answered that he was always seen visiting many
villages, thereby pronouncing him as a French SPY. • RIZAL is fluent GERMAN language, explained to
the police, that he was a Filipino ethnologist, who visits rural areas to observe customs and lifestyles of
their simple inhabitants. The chief impressed and fascinated on RIZAL’s explanation, allowed him to stay
freely in GERMANY.

Printing of Noli Finishes March 29, 1887 – Noli Me Tangere came off the press Rizal sent copies to: »
Blumentritt » Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor » G. Lopez Jaena » Mariano Ponce » FelizR.Hidalgo

The Title of the Novel Noli Me Tangere – “ Touch Me Not” from Gospel of Saint John (Chapter 30,
Verses 13-17)

The Author’s Dedication Rizal dedicated the Noli Me Tangere to the Philippines – “To My Fatherland”
Character of Noli Me Tangere & Synopsis of the Novel • Crisostomo Ibarra – A young and rich Filipino
who studied in Europe / sweetheart of Maria Clara • Maria Clara – Daughter of Capitan Tiago • Padre
Damaso – Franciscan friar who had been parish priest of San Diego. Biological father of Maria Clara •
San Diego – Ibarra’s native town for 20 yrs. • Padre Salvi – young Dominican parish priest of Binondo •
Senor Guevarra –elderly and kind lieutenant of the guardia civil,who related to Ibarra the truth on the
death of his father • Don Tiburcio – Bogus Spanish Physician

• Dona Victoria – wife of Don Tiburcio , who dislike her own country • Don Melchor – Captain of
Cuadrillores • Sisa –formerly a rich girl but became poor because she married a gambler • Basilio &
Crispin –sons of Sisa/Sacristans • Elias – A boatman, peasant youth, saved Ibarra twice • Nor Juan –
Architect who constructed the schoolhouse • November 11th – feast day of San Diego Ibarra’s attacked
Padre Damaso produced two result: » Engagement to Maria Clara was broken » He was excommunicated

• Don Alfonso Linares – Cousin of Don Tiburcio • Doña Consolation – bulgar mistress of Spanish
Alferez NOLI ME TANGERE consist of 63 chapters and epilogue

The Noli Bases on Truth • • • • • • •

Maria Clara – Leonor Rivera Crisostomo Ibarra & Elias – Rizal Pilosopo Tasyo – Paciano Padre Salvi –
Padre Antonio Piernavieja Capitan Tiago – Capitan Hilario Sunico of San Nicolas Doña Victorina –Doña
Agustina Medal Basilio and Crispin – Crisostomo brother’s of Hagonoy • Padre Damaso –the bad friars

chapter 9

Rizal’s Grand Tour in Europe with Maximo Viola

• After the publication of the Noli Me Tangere, Rizal had received remittance from Paciano worth
P1,000.00 which was forwarded by Juan Luna from Paris. • Rizal immediately paid Viola Php 300.00 that
he used to published the novel.

THE TOUR

Potsdam • Near Berlin • It became famous because of Frederick the Great - skillfully employed the
limited Prussian resources to make his kingdom the most powerful German state during the seven Years
War. • Viola and Rizal left Berlin by train.

Dresden • Where they visited the Regional Flower Exposition. • Rizal – interested in Botany, studied the
variety of plants. • Dr. Adolph Meyer – was visited by the two physicians. • They visited the Museum or
Art where Rizal became deeply impressed by the painting Prometheus Bound. • Prometheus – a Titan
punished by Zeus for giving fire to mankind.

• Feodor Jagor – was also visited by Rizal and Viola. – informed by the two physicians on their plan to
visit Blumentritt – Warned Rizal to inform Blumentritt first before coming to his place, he might suffer a
nervous breakdown because of shock. • Teschen (Decin) – found in Czech Republic – They had a stop
over on they way to Blumentritt place

Leitmeritz, Austria • Now known as Litomeritce in Czech Republic.

• The place where Ferdinand Blumentritt lived. • Rizal and Viola stayed in this place from May 13-
16,1887.

• Ferdinand Blumentritt – waited for Rizal and Viola in the train station carrying with him a sketch of
Rizal.

• Hotel Krebs – where Rizal and Viola stayed while they were in Leitmeritz

• Rizal enjoyed the warm hospitality of Blumentritt’s family. • Rosa – Blumentritt’s wife was a good cook
• Dolores (Dora, Dorita), Conrad and Fritz – were nice to them. • Ferdinand – a great tourist guide and a
hospitable host.

– Offered the best beer in Bohemia to his guests – Introduced Rizal to the town mayor who was
impressed in his communication skills.

• Tourists’ Club of Leitmeritz – a group where Blumentritt was the secretary.

– Rizal spoke extemporaneously in fluent German praising Austria’s idyllic scenes and hospitable, nature
loving and noble people. – He was willfully applauded. – They were introduced to: • Dr. Carlos Czepalak
– a renowned scientist • Professor Robert Klutschak – a eminent naturalist.

• Rizal painted a portrait of Blumentritt as a sign of his gratitude to him

Prague • Viola and Rizal carried with them a recommendation from Blumentritt address to Dr. Wilkomm
– professor of natural history in the University of Prague. • Dr. Wilkolm – He accompanied the two
physicians in visiting the historic places

• Tomb of Nicolaus Copernicus – famous astronomer • Museum of Natural History

• Bacteriological Laboratories • Cave where San Juan Nepomuceno, the Catholic saint was imprisoned as
well as the bridge where he was hurled into the river.

Vienna • Capital of Austria-Hungary • Rizal and Viola spent four days in this city visiting the buildings
and examining holy images and statues.

• Queen of Danube • Norfenfals – one of the greatest novelists in Europe during Rizal’s time was met by
Rizal through Blumentritt. • Diamond stickpin – lost by Rizal in Hotel Krebs, which was later given by
the maid to Blumentritt. • They stayed in Hotel Metropole while in Vienna

Danubian Voyage to Linz • Rizal and Viola left Vienna via boat to see the beautiful sights of the Danube
River. • They noticed that passengers were using paper napkins during the meals instead of cloth napkin.

From Linz to Rheinfall • They left Austria from Salzburg, where Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born.
They re-entered Germany. • Munich – where they stayed for a short-time to drink the Munich Beer (the
best in Germany). • Nuremburg – one of the oldest cities in Germany – Where they saw the horrible
machines used in the Inquisition – The two were impressed by the manufacture of dolls which was the
city’s biggest industry

• Ulm – where the largest and tallest Cathedral in Germany can be found. – From here they went to
Stuttgart, Baden, and in Rheinfall – were they saw the most beautiful waterfalls in Europe.

Switzerland

• From Rheinfall to Schaffhausen, Switzerland • Here they visited Basel (Bale), Bern, and Lausanne.

Geneva • One of the most beautiful cities in Europe visited by tourists every year. • He spent 15 days in
this place • Rizal spent his 26th birthday

• Viola returned to Barcelona from Geneva • Rizal continued his tour to Italy.

Exhibition of Igorots in 1887 Madrid Exposition • In Geneva, Rizal and Viola received news from Madrid
about the deplorable conditions of the primitive Igorots who were exhibited in the exhibition. • Some of
whom died, and whose scanty clothing (G strings) and crude weapons were objects of mockery and
laughter by the Spaniards. • Rizal was outraged by the degradation of his fellow countrymen.

Italy • In this place Rizal visited Turin, Venice an Florence. • June 27, 1887 – he reached Rome “The
Eternal City and the City of Ceasars”

Vatican

• June 29, 1887 – Feast day of Saints Peter and Paul. He visited the Vatican – the city of the Popes and the
capital of Christendom.

• The grandeur of Rome was something that Rizal did not fail to appreciate in his sojourn in Italy. After a
week of travel in Rome, he prepared for his homecoming to the Philippines.

chapter 10 First Homecoming, 1887-1888

Rizal’s plans of coming back home • As early as 1884, Rizal wanted to go back to the Philippines for the
following reasons: – Financial difficulties in Calamba – Dissatisfaction with his studies in Madrid –
Desire to prove that there is no reason to fear going home. – His belief that the Spanish regime will not
punish the innocent.

Decision to Return Home • After five years of his memorable sojourn in Europe, Rizal returned to the
Philippines. • However, Rizal was warned by the following not to return to the Philippines because his
Noli Me Tangere angered the friars: – Paciano Mercado – Rizal’s adviser and only brother. – Silvestre
Ubaldo – Rizal’s brother in law; husband of Olimpia. – Jose Ma. Cecilio (Chenggoy) – one of Rizal’s
closest friends.

• Rizal was determined to come back to the Philippines for the following reasons: – To operate his
mother’s eyes – To serve his people who had long been oppressed by Spanish tyrants. – To find out for
himself how the Noli Me Tangere and his other writings were affecting Filipinos and Spaniards. – To
inquire why Leonor Rivera remained silent.
Rizal arrives in Manila • Rizal left Rome by train to Marseilles, a French port and boarded Djemnah, the
same steamer that brought him to Europe five years ago. • There were 50 passengers: 4 Englishmen, 2
Germans, 3 Chinese, 2 Japanese, 40 Frenchmen, and 1 Filipino (Rizal) • When the ship reached Aden, the
weather became rough and some of Rizal’s book got wet. • In Saigon (Ho Chi Minh), Vietnam – he
transferred to another steamer, Haiphong, that brought him to Manila.

Happy Homecoming • When Rizal arrived in Calamba, rumors spread that he was a: – German spy – An
agent of Otto Von Bismarck – the liberator of Germany. – A Protestant – A Mason – A soul halfway to
damnation • Paciano – did not leave him during the first days after arrival to protect him from any enemy
assault. • Don Francisco – did not permit him to go out alone

In Calamba • Rizal established a medical clinic. • Doña Teodora – was Rizal’s first patient • Rizal treated
her eyes but could not perform any surgical operation because her cataracts were not yet ripe. • He
painted several beautiful landscapes in Calamba. • He translated German poems of Von Wildernath in
Tagalog.

• Doctor Uliman – Rizal was called this name because he came from Germany. – He earned P900 in a few
months and P5,000 before he left the Philippines. • Gymnasium – was opened by Rizal for the young
people • He introduced European sports fencing and shooting to discourage them from cockfighting and
gambling.

Sad moments while Rizal was in Calamba • Leonor Rivera – Rizal tried to visit her in Tarlac but his
parents forbade him to go because Leonor’s mother did not like him for a son-in-law. • Olimpia Mercado-
Ubaldo – died because of child birth.

Storm over the Noli Me Tangere • As Rizal was peacefully living in Calamba, his enemies plotted his
doom. • Governor General Emilio Terrero – wrote to Rizal requesting to come to Malacañang Palace. –
Somebody had whispered to his ear that the Noli contains subversive ideas. – Rizal explained to him that
he merely exposed the truth, but did not advocate subversive ideas. – He was pleased by Rizal’s
explanation and curious about the book, he asked for a copy of the novel. – Rizal had no copy that time
but promised to send one for him.

Rizal visited the Jesuits • Rizal visited the Jesuit fathers to ask for their feedback on the novel. • He was
gladly welcomed by the following friars: – Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez – Fr. Jose Bech – Fr. Federico
Faura – told Rizal that everything in the novel was the truth and warned him that he may lose his head
because of it.

• Governor-General Emilio Terrero • a liberal minded Spaniard who knew that Rizal’s life was in
jeopardy because the friars were powerful. – To keep him safe, he gave Rizal a bodyguard to protect him.

Jose Taviel de Andrade • A young Spanish lieutenant who came from a noble family • He was cultured
and knew painting • He could speak French, English and Spanish. • They became good friends.

Attackers of the Noli • Archbishop Pedro Payo – a Dominican, • Archbishop of Manila • He sent a copy
of the Noli to Fr. Gregorio Echevarria, Rector of the University of Santo Tomas to examine the novel.
UST and Rizal • The committee that examined the Noli Me Tangere were composed of Dominican
professors. • The report of the faculty members from UST about the Noli states that the novel was: –
Heretical, impious and scandalous in the religious orders, and anti-patriotic, subversive of pubic order,
injurious to the government of Spain and its function in the Philippine Islands in the political order.

• Governor-General Terrero – was not satisfied with the report so he sent the novel to the Permanent
Commission of Censorship which was composed of priests and lawyers.

• Fr. Salvador Font – Augustinian friar curate of Tondo was the head of the commission. – The group
found that the novel contain subversive ideas against the Church and Spain and recommended that the
importation, reproduction and circulation of the pernicious book in the islands be absolutely prohibited.

• The newspaper published Font’s written report • The banning of the Noli Me Tangere served to make it
popular • The masses supported the book.

• Fr. Jose Rodriguez – Augustinian Prior of Guadalupe – Published a series of eight pamphlets under the
heading Questions of Supreme Interest to blast the Noli and other anti-Spanish writing. – Copies of anti-
Rizal pamphlets were sold after mass – Many Filipinos were forced to buy them in order not to displease
the friars.

Noli Me Tangere in Spain • The novel was fiercely attacked in the session hall of the Senate of the
Spanish Cortes. • Senators: – General Jose de Salamanca – General Luis de Pando – Sr. Fernando Vida •
Vicente Barrantes – Spanish academician of Madrid who formerly occupied high government position in
the Philippines bitterly criticized the novel in an article published in the Madrid newspaper, La España
Moderna.

Defenders of the Noli Me Tangere • Propagandists such as Marcelo H. del Pilar, Graciano Lopez-Jaena,
Antonio Ma. Regidor, Mariano Ponce rushed to uphold the truths of the Noli. • Father Francisco de Paula
Sanchez – Rizal’s favorite teacher in Ateneo defended and praised the novel in public. • Don Segismundo
Moret – former Minister of the Crown. • Prof. Miguel Morayta- historian and stateman • Prof. Ferdinand
Blumentritt – Rizal’s best friend

• Rev. Fr. Vicente Garcia – a Filipino Catholic priest-scholar, a theologian of the Manila Cathedral and a
Tagalog translator of the famous Imitation of Christ by Thomas Kempis. – Under the pen name Justo
Desiderio Magalang he wrote a defense of the novel published in Singapore.

• Rizal cried because of his gratitude to his defenders especially to Fr. Garcia who defended him
unexpectedly. • He attacked Barrantes by exposing his ignorance of Philippine affairs and mental
dishonesty which is unworthy of an academician. • Because of the interest of both enemies and protectors
of the Noli the price of the book increased from five pesetas per copy to 50 pesetas per copy.

Agrarian Problem in Calamba • Influenced by the novel, Governor-General Emilio Terrero ordered a
government investigation of the friar estates to remedy whatever inequities might have been present in
connection with land taxes and with tenant relations. • One of the friar estates affected was the Calamba
hacienda by the Dominican order since 1883. • Upon hearing about the investigation, the people of
Calamba asked helped from Rizal to gather facts and list the grievances so that the government might
institute certain agrarian reforms.
Findings submitted by Rizal • The hacienda of the Dominican Order comprised not only the lands around
Calamba, but the whole town of Calamba. • The profits of the Dominican Order continually increased
because of the arbitrary increase of the rentals paid by the tenants. • The hacienda owner never
contributed a single centavo for the celebration of the town fiesta, for the education of the children, and
for the improvement of agriculture.

• Tenants who spent much labor in clearing the lands were dispossessed of the said lands for flimsy
reasons • High rates of interest were arbitrarily charged the tenants for delayed payment of rentals • When
the rentals could not be paid, the hacienda management confiscated the work animals, tools, and farm
implements of the tenants.

Friars Reaction • Rizal’s exposure to the deplorable condition angered the friars. • The friars exerted
pressure to Malacañang to eliminate Rizal. • They asked Gov. Gen. Terrero to deport Rizal but the latter
refused for there is lack of charges against Rizal in court. • Anonymous threats in Rizal’s life alarmed his
parents, siblings, Andrade his bodyguard, friends, and even Terrero, thus they all advised him to leave the
country.

Rizal’s reasons for leaving the Philippines • His presence in Calamba was jeopardizing the safety and
happiness of his family and friends. • He could not fight better his enemies and serve his country’s cause
with greater efficacy by writing in foreign countries.

Himno Al Trabajo • A poem for Lipa – shortly before Rizal left in 1888, he was asked by a friend to write
a poem in commemoration of the town’s cityhood. • Himno Al Trabajo (Hymn To Labor) – title of the
poem dedicated to the industrious people of Lipa.

Farewell Philippines • On February 3, 1888 Rizal left his country with a heavy heart. • But this is for his
own good and the safety of his family and friends.

chapter 11

In Hong Kong And Macao (1888)

Rizal Leaving the Philippines for The Second time • Hounded by powerful enemies, Rizal was forced to
leave his country for the second time in 1888. • He was 27 years old, a practicing physician, and a
recognized man of letters. • After six months of staying in the Philippines Rizal left via the steamer
Zapiro bound for Hong Kong.

• Amoy – the first stop over of the ship Rizal did not get off the ship for the following reasons: He was
not feeling well It was raining hard He heard that the city is dirty.

Hong Kong • A British colony • Rizal stayed in Victoria Hotel • He met Jose Maria Basa Balbino
Mauricio Manuel Yriarte (son of the alcalde mayor in Calamca)

• According to Rizal in his letter to Blumentritt, Hongkong is a small, but very clean city. • Many
Portuguese, Hindus, English, Chinese and Jews. • There are some Filipinos exiled in Marianas Islands
since 1872, they were former financiers and rich but now poor, gentle and timid.
Rizal’s visit to Macao • A Portuguese colony near Hong Kong. • Rizal together with Basa boarded a ferry
named Kiu-Kiang going to Macao.

• Jose Sainz de Varanda – among one of the passengers . A Spanish Spy to Rizal • Don Juan Francisco
Lecaros – a Filipino gentleman who is married to a Portuguese lady. • Rizal and Basa stayed in his house
for two days while they were in Macao. • Rizal also visited the » Theater » Casino » Cathedral » Church »
Pagodas » Botanical Garden » Bazaars » Famous Grotto of Camoens (Portugal’s national poet)

Experience in Hong Kong • During Rizal’s two-week vacation in Hong Kong, he studied Chinese life,
language, drama and customs and found out the following which he wrote in his diary: – The celebration
of the Chinese New Year was quite very noisy due to the continuous explosion of firecrackers on the
streets. – The lauriat party, where in the guests were served a variety of dishes, shows lavishness and
hospitality among the Chinese. – The Dominican Order, the richest religious order in Hong Kong, had
millions of dollars deposited in various banks earning very high interests. – The graveyards for Catholics,
Protestants and Muslims were well maintained.

Departure from Hong Kong • February 22, 1888 – Rizal left Hong kong • Oceanic – an American
steamer, his destination was Japan.

chapter 12 Romantic Interlude in Japan (1888)

• February 28-April 13,1888 One of the happiest interludes in the life of Rizal was his sojourn in the Land
of the Cherry Blossoms for one month and a half.

Rizal arrives in Yokohama • Tuesday,February 28,1888 He registered at the Grand Hotel

Rizal in Tokyo • March 2-7,1888 He wrote to professor Blumentritt; “Tokyo is more expensive than
Paris. The walls are built in cyclopean manner.The streets are large and wide.

• Juan Perez Caballero -Secretary of Spanish Legation. A spy on Rizal • Rizal, being an intelligent man,
realized that the Spanish diplomatic authorities were instructed from Manila to monitor his movement in
Japan. The Spanish Legation offered him a place to stay. He accepted the offer for: Two Reasons 1.He
could economize his living expenses by staying at the legation 2. He had nothing to hide from the prying
eyes of the Spanish authorities.

• On march 7, Rizal checked out of Tokyo Hotel and lived at the Spanish Legation. He and Perez
Caballero bacame good friends.

• In a letter of Blumentritt ; Rizal described the Spanish diplomat as “a young, fine, and excellent writer
and an able diplomat who had traveled much.”

• During his first day in Tokyo, Rizal was embarrassed because he did not know the Japanese language. •
He wrote to Blumentritt; “Here you have your friend , Rizal the wonder of the Japanese, who has the face
of Japanese but does not speak Japanese. On the streets, when I go shopping , people look at me and ill-
educated laugh because I speak such a strange language. In Tokyo very few people speak English , but in
Yokohama many speak it. Some believe I' am an Europeanized Japanese who does not want to be taken
as such.”

Rizal and the Tokyo musician • March 1888 -Rizal heard the Tokyo band playing a classical work of
Strauss. He taught: “How admirable was the rendition .I wonder how these Japanese people have
assimilated the modern European music to the extent of playing the beautiful musical masterpieces of the
great European composers as well.”

“Paisano, Taga saan po kayo?”

Rizal’s impression of Japan 1. The beauty of the country –its flowers, mountains, streams and scenic
panoramas. 2. The cleanliness, politeness, and industry of the Japanese people. 3. The picturesque dress
and simple charm of the Japanese women. 4. There were very few thieves in Japan so that the houses
remained open day and night, and in the hotel room one could safely leave money on the table. 5. Beggars
were rarely seen in the city streets, unlike in Manila and other cities.

• However, there is one thing he did not like in Japan , and that was the popular mode of transportation by
means of rickshaws drawn by men. He felt disgusted at the way a human being was employed like a
horse.

Romance with O-Sei-San • Being a man with an eye for feminine beauty, he was attracted by her legal
loveliness and charm. He craved to meet her. • Seiko Usui-real name -who lived in her parents ‘ home and
that she used to pass by the legation during her daily afternoon walk.

Rizal with O-Sei-San gallantry

versatile talents

dignity modesty

intelligence

guide

tutor

Charming tenderness beauty

courtesy

interpreter

• O-Sei-San, a Japanese samurai’s daughter taught Rizal the Japanese art of painting known as su-mie.
She also helped Rizal improve his knowledge of Japanese language. If Rizal was a man without a
patriotic mission, he would have married this lovely and intelligent woman and lived a stable and happy
life with her in Japan because Spanish legation there offered him a lucrative job.

Sayonara Japan! • As everything on earth has to end, the beautiful romance between Rizal and O-Sei-San
inevitably came to a dolorous ending. Sacrificing his personal happiness, Rizal had to carry on his
libertarian mission in Europe.

Voyage across the Pacific • Despite his sorrowing heart ,Rizal enjoyed the pleasant trans-Pacific voyage
to the US. • One day one of the children, a bright young boy asked Rizal:

Do you know, sir, a famous man in Manila named Richal? He wrote a novel, Noli Me Tangere.

Yes ,hijo, I am Richal.

Rizal and Tetcho • Tetcho Suchiro -a fighting Japanese journalist, novelist and champion of human rights,
who was forrced by the Japanese government to leave the country, just as Rizal was compelled to leave
the Philippines by the Spanish authorities. •