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qxd 07/02/2007 9:03 AM Page 885 PMAC-291 27B:GK023:Chapters:Chapter-27: TechBooks [PPG -QUARK]

Review Problems 885

68. A high-voltage transmission line consists of a copper cable of 79. An arc-welder uses No. 2 gauge copper wire (diameter
diameter 3.0 cm and length 250 km. Assume the cable carries 0.654 cm); during use, the cable carries 110 A. What is the
a steady current of 1500 A. current density? What is the drift velocity of the electrons?
(a) What is the resistance of the cable? 80. Two resistors, 3.0 " and 5.0 ", are connected in series. The
(b) What is the electric field inside the cable? current though the 5.0 " resistor is 0.75 A. What is the
69. The filament of a lightbulb consists of a piece of tungsten potential difference across the series combination?
wire, 5.0 cm long. If the potential difference across this fila- *81. The resistance of a square centimeter of dry human epidermis
ment is 115 V, what is the electric field in the wire? is about 1.0 $ 105 ". Suppose that a (foolish) man firmly
70. Two wires of silver and of copper have the same lengths and grasps two wires in his fists. The wires have a radius of 0.13 cm,
the same diameters. If they are to have the same resistance, by and the skin of each hand is in full contact with the surface of
how many degrees must the silver wire be warmer than the the wire over a length of 8.0 cm (see Fig. 27.34).
copper wire? (a) Calculate the resistance the man offers to a current flow-
71. The resistivity of a certain material is found to increase by ing through his body from one wire to the other. In this
4.45% when the material is heated from 20.0!C to 70.0!C. By calculation you can neglect the resistance of the internal
what percentage will the resistivity of the material increase at tissues of the human body, because the body fluids are rea-
120.0!C compared with 20.0!C? sonably good conductors and their resistance is small com-
pared with the skin resistance.
72. The electromagnet of a bell is wound with 8.2 m of copper
wire of diameter 0.45 mm. What is the resistance of the wire? (b) What current will flow through the body of the man if the
What is the current through the wire if the electromagnet is potential difference between the wires is 12 V? If it is
connected to a 12-V source? 115 V? If it is 240 kV? What is your prognosis in each
case? (A current above 0.001 A can cause injury, and a
73. The copper cable connecting the positive pole of a 12-V auto-
current above 0.02 A can be fatal; see Section 28.8.)
mobile battery to the starter motor is 0.60 m long and 0.50 cm
in diameter.
(a) What is the resistance of this cable?
8 cm
(b) When the starter motor is stalled, the current in the cable
may be as much as 600 A. What is the potential drop
along the cable under these conditions?
74. Ten equal strands of thin wire are held together side by side to
form a thick wire of resistance R. Six of these strands are then
separated and tied together end to end to form a new wire six
times as long as the original wire. What is the resistance of the FIGURE 27.34 Contact between hand and wire.
long, thin wire?
75. How can you connect four 1.0-" resistors so the net resistance
of the combination is 1.0 "?
*82. Three resistors, with R1 % 4.0 ", R2 % 6.0 ", and R3 % 2.0 ",
76. The resistance of the filament of the lightbulb of a flashlight is are connected as shown in Fig. 27.35. This combination is
8.0 " (at its operating temperature). The two batteries of the connected to a 1.5-V battery.
flashlight, of 1.5 V each, are connected in series, and they
(a) What is the net resistance of this combination?
therefore supply 3.0 V. What is the current through the fila-
ment? What will be the current if you rewire the flashlight so (b) What is the current through the combination?
it operates on a single battery? Assume that the resistance of (c) What are the potential drop and the current for each resistor?
the filament remains the same (actually, with less current, the
filament will be cooler, and its resistance will be lower). R1
77. When connected in parallel across a 12-V battery, two resis-
tors carry currents of 0.50 A and 0.75 A, respectively. What
currents will these resistors carry if they are connected in series
with the same battery?
78. A water pipe is made of iron with an outside diameter of
2.5 cm and an inside diameter of 2.0 cm. The pipe is used to R2 R3
ground an electric appliance. If a current of 20 A flows from
the appliance into the water pipe, what fraction of this current FIGURE 27.35 Three resistors.
will flow in the iron? What fraction in the water? Assume that
water has a resistivity of 0.010 "#m.