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PDF Evidencia Retroalimentacion Foro de Clase m22c3g18 BB 024 Semana3 DL
PDF Evidencia Retroalimentacion Foro de Clase m22c3g18 BB 024 Semana3 DL
Aj nma
nmapu
puss / Aj pdrf / Adksmods
Kmvdemnjþk adksmod?
Nckvdrsmnjckds rdnjdktds
Nckvdrsmnjckds rdnjdktds
WM]TDF ZMÝD_ XMFDK\ÁK
9/0:/7=, 77?07
edkdrmlms lurmktd
ncknfusjckds fm sdamkm pmrm jldktjnmr fms jldms aís rdfdvmktds y edkdrmr
ldf tdam.
Hdfjnjlmlds, ijnjstd uk dxndfdktd trmgmoc.
nudstjckmajdktcs scfjnjtmlcs.
dvjldknjmk qud jkvdstjemstd, \us mpcrtmnjckds
\us
mkmfjzmstd sck ncapfdtms
y ncaprdkljstd df tdam2 ymldaís,
nfmrms. \us ncadktmrjcs
jknfuyds fms
rdhdrdknjms ld fm jkhcramnjþk qud rdtcams. Pcr ctrc fmlc, pmrtjnjpmstd njknc c aís vdnds dk
df hcrc nckhcrad fc qud sd scfjnjtm, hujstd rdspdtucsc dk tus mpcrtmnjckds. Acstrmstd mpdrturm
imnjm fms mpcrtmnjckds ld tus ncapmýdrcs y m su vdz td acstrmstd rdndptjvc puds
rdspckljstd m sus ncadktmrjcs nck ukm cpjkjþk rddxjvm. Msjajsac, tus mpcrtmnjckds sck
rdfdvmktds, kcvdlcsms y fms dxpckds ld amkdrm sjktêtjnm. Mtjdklds m fms kcrams ld kdtjqudtm
pmrm pmrtjnjpmr dk dktcrkcs vjrtumfds. Jeumfadktd, pmrtjnjpms
pmr tjnjpms dk df hcrc ncktjkumadktd lurmktd
fm sdamkm d jldktjnms m lcs ncapmýdrcs pmrm rdtrcmfjadktmr
rdtrcmfjadktmr su pmrtjnjpmnjþk y lmrfd
sdeujajdktc m fm ljsnusjþk. Fms jldms qud mpcrtmstd nfmrmadktd prcaudvdk df ljífcec y
ncknfusjckds scgrd df tdam, puds fm rdtrcmfjadktmnjþk m sus ncapmýdrcs ds rdfdvmktd fc qud
rddom df dstuljc y fm ncaprdksjþk ldf tdam jkljnmlc. Hjkmfadktd, rdtcams fms mpcrtmnjckds
mpcr tmnjckds
edkdrmlms lurmktd fm sdamkm pmrm jldktjnmr fms jldms aís rdfdvmktds y edkdrmr
ncknfusjckds ldf tdam.
Hdfjnjlmlds, ijnjstd uk dxndfdktd trmgmoc.
9/0:/7=, 7=?4<
Icfm AMWJM MKMJ ^MKNID_ ET_AMK, df prdsdktd adksmod ds pmrm grjklmrtd
rdtrcmfjadktmnjþkk ldf Hcrc ld nfmsd? \dnkcfceáms dadredktds pmrm…. Ldktrc ldf hcrc
rdtrcmfjadktmnjþ
rdspcklds nfmrmadktd m fcs nudstjckmajdktcs scfjnjtmlcs. \us mpcrtmnjckds sck ncapfdtms y
nfmrms. \us
\us ncadktmrjcs dvjldknjmk qud jkvdstjemstd, mkmfjzmstd y ncaprdkljstd df tdam2
mldaís, jknfuyds fms rdhdrdknjms ld fm jkhcramnjþk qud rdtcams. Pcr ctrc fmlc, pmrtjnjpmstd
njknc c aís vdnds dk df hcrc nckhcrad fc qud sd scfjnjtm, hujstd rdspdtucsc dk tus
mpcrtmnjckds. Acstrmstd mpdrturm imnjm fms mpcrtmnjckds ld tus ncapmýdrcs y m su vdz td
acstrmstd rdndptjvc puds rdspckljstd m sus ncadktmrjcs nck ukm cpjkjþk rddxjvm.
Msjajsac, tus mpcrtmnjckds sck rdfdvmktds, kcvdlcsms y fms dxpckds ld amkdrm sjktêtjnm.
Mtjdklds m fms kcrams ld kdtjqudtm pmrm pmrtjnjpmr dk dktcrkcs vjrtumfds. Jeumfadktd,
pmrtjnjpms dk df hcrc ncktjkumadktd lurmktd fm sdamkm d jldktjnms m lcs ncapmýdrcs pmrm
rdtrcmfjadktmr su pmrtjnjpmnjþk y lmrfd sdeujajdktc m fm ljsnusjþk. Fms jldms qud mpcrtmstd
mpcr tmstd
nfmrmadktd prcaudvdk df ljífcec y ncknfusjckds scgrd df tdam, puds fm rdtrcmfjadktmnjþk m
sus ncapmýdrcs ds rdfdvmktd fc qud rddom df dstuljc y fm ncaprdksjþk
n caprdksjþk ldf tdam jkljnmlc.
Hjkmfadktd, rdtcams fms mpcrtmnjckds edkdrmlms lurmktd fm sdamkm pmrm jldktjnmr fms jldms
aís rdfdvmktds y edkdrmr ncknfusjckds ldf tdam.
Hdfjnjlmlds, ijnjstd uk dxndfdktd trmgmoc.
nudstjckmajdktcs scfjnjtmlcs.
dvjldknjmk qud jkvdstjemstd, \us mpcrtmnjckds
\us
mkmfjzmstd sck ncapfdtms
y ncaprdkljstd df tdam2 ymldaís,
nfmrms. \us ncadktmrjcs
jknfuyds fms
rdhdrdknjms ld fm jkhcramnjþk qud rdtcams. Pcr ctrc fmlc, pmrtjnjpmstd njknc c aís vdnds dk
df hcrc nckhcrad fc qud sd scfjnjtm, hujstd rdspdtucsc dk tus mpcrtmnjckds. Acstrmstd mpdrturm
imnjm fms mpcrtmnjckds ld tus ncapmýdrcs y m su vdz td acstrmstd rdndptjvc puds
rdspckljstd m sus ncadktmrjcs nck ukm cpjkjþk rddxjvm. Msjajsac, tus mpcrtmnjckds sck
rdfdvmktds, kcvdlcsms y fms dxpckds ld amkdrm sjktêtjnm. Mtjdklds m fms kcrams ld kdtjqudtm
pmrm pmrtjnjpmr dk dktcrkcs vjrtumfds. Jeumfadktd, pmrtjnjpms
pmr tjnjpms dk df hcrc ncktjkumadktd lurmktd
fm sdamkm d jldktjnms m lcs ncapmýdrcs pmrm rdtrcmfjadktmr
rdtrcmfjadktmr su pmrtjnjpmnjþk y lmrfd
sdeujajdktc m fm ljsnusjþk. Fms jldms qud mpcrtmstd nfmrmadktd prcaudvdk df ljífcec y
ncknfusjckds scgrd df tdam, puds fm rdtrcmfjadktmnjþk m sus ncapmýdrcs ds rdfdvmktd fc qud
rddom df dstuljc y fm ncaprdksjþk ldf tdam jkljnmlc. Hjkmfadktd, rdtcams fms mpcrtmnjckds
mpcr tmnjckds
edkdrmlms lurmktd fm sdamkm pmrm jldktjnmr fms jldms aís rdfdvmktds y edkdrmr
ncknfusjckds ldf tdam.
Hdfjnjlmlds, ijnjstd uk dxndfdktd trmgmoc.
Icfm OTMK MKLWÊ^ WTJ_ FCPD_ , df prdsdktd adksmod ds pmrm grjklmrtd rdtrcmfjadktmnjþk
rdtrcmfjadktmnjþk
ldf Hcrc ld nfmsd? \dnkcfceáms dadredktds pmrm…. Ldktrc ldf hcrc rdspcklds nfmrmadktd m fcs
nudstjckmajdktcs scfjnjtmlcs. \us
\us mpcrtmnjckds sck ncapfdtms y nfmrms. \us ncadktmrjcs
dvjldknjmk qud jkvdstjemstd, mkmfjzmstd y ncaprdkljstd df tdam2 mldaís, jknfuyds fms
rdhdrdknjms ld fm jkhcramnjþk qud rdtcams. Pcr ctrc fmlc, pmrtjnjpmstd njknc c aís vdnds dk
df hcrc nckhcrad fc qud sd scfjnjtm, hujstd rdspdtucsc dk tus mpcrtmnjckds. Acstrmstd mpdrturm
imnjm fms mpcrtmnjckds ld tus ncapmýdrcs y m su vdz td acstrmstd rdndptjvc puds
rdspckljstd m sus ncadktmrjcs nck ukm cpjkjþk rddxjvm. Msjajsac, tus mpcrtmnjckds sck
rdfdvmktds, kcvdlcsms y fms dxpckds ld amkdrm sjktêtjnm. Mtjdklds m fms kcrams ld kdtjqudtm
pmrm pmrtjnjpmr dk dktcrkcs vjrtumfds. Jeumfadktd, pmrtjnjpms
pmr tjnjpms dk df hcrc ncktjkumadktd lurmktd
fm sdamkm d jldktjnms m lcs ncapmýdrcs pmrm rdtrcmfjadktmr
rdtrcmfjadktmr su pmrtjnjpmnjþk y lmrfd
sdeujajdktc m fm ljsnusjþk. Fms jldms qud mpcrtmstd nfmrmadktd prcaudvdk df ljífcec y
ncknfusjckds scgrd df tdam, puds fm rdtrcmfjadktmnjþk m sus ncapmýdrcs ds rdfdvmktd fc qud
rddom df dstuljc y fm ncaprdksjþk ldf tdam jkljnmlc. Hjkmfadktd, rdtcams fms mpcrtmnjckds
mpcr tmnjckds
edkdrmlms lurmktd fm sdamkm pmrm jldktjnmr fms jldms aís rdfdvmktds y edkdrmr
ncknfusjckds ldf tdam.
Hdfjnjlmlds, ijnjstd uk dxndfdktd trmgmoc.
9/0:/7=, 7=?40
Gudkms kcnids AMWÁM ETMLMFETMLMFTPDTPD WTGJC PDWD_
Mprcvdnic pmrm grjklmr df prdsdktd adksmod ds pmrm grjklmrtd rdtrcmfjadktmnjþk ldf Hcrc ld
nfmsd? \dnkcfceáms
\dnkcfceáms dadredktds pmrm…. Ldktrc ldf hcrc rdspcklds nfmrmadktd m fcs
nudstjckmajdktcs scfjnjtmlcs. \us \us mpcrtmnjckds sck nfmrms. \us ncadktmrjcs dvjldknjmk qud
jkvdstjemstd, mkmfjzmstd y ncaprdkljstd df tdam2 mldaís, jknfuyds fms rdhdrdknjms ld fm
jkhcramnjþk qud rdtcams. Pcr ctrc fmlc, scfmadktd pmrtjnjpmstd < vdnds y kc njknc nckhcrad
fc qud sd scfjnjtm df hcrc ld jktdermnjþk. Hujstd rdspdtucsc dk tus mpcrtmnjckds. Acstrmstd
mpdrturm imnjm fms mpcrtmnjckds ld tus ncapmýdrcs y m su vdz td acstrmstd rdndptjvc puds
rdspckljstd m sus ncadktmrjcs nck ukm cpjkjþk rddxjvm. Msjajsac, tus mpcrtmnjckds sck
rdfdvmktds, kcvdlcsms y fms dxpckds ld amkdrm sjktêtjnm. Mtjdklds m fms kcrams ld kdtjqudtm
pmrm pmrtjnjpmr dk dktcrkcs vjrtumfds. Fms jldms qud mpcrtmstd nfmrmadktd prcaudvdk df
ljífcec y ncknfusjckds scgrd df tdam, sjk dagmrec td ijzc hmftm ukm mpcrtmnjþk.
mpcr tmnjþk. Hjkmfadktd,
rdtcams fms mpcrtmnjckds edkdrmlms lurmktd fm sdamkm pmrm jldktjnmr fms jldms y edkdrmr
msá ukm ncknfusjþk ldf tdam.
Ijnjstd uk gudk trmgmoc.
rdtcams.
hujstd Pcr ctrc fmlc,
rdspdtucsc dk tuspmrtjnjpmstd njknc
mpcrtmnjckds. c aís vdnds
Acstrmstd dk dfimnjm
mpdrturm hcrc fms
nckhcrad fc qud sd
mpcrtmnjckds ld scfjnjtm,
tus
ncapmýdrcs y m su vdz td acstrmstd rdndptjvc puds rdspc
rdspckljstd
kljstd m sus ncadktmrjcs nck ukm
cpjkjþk rddxjvm. Msjajsac, tus mpcrtmnjckds sck rdfdvmktds, kcvdlcsms y fms dxpckds ld
amkdrm sjktêtjnm. Mtjdklds m fms kcrams ld kdtjqudtm pmrm pmrtjnjpmr dk dktcrkcs vjrtumfds.
Jeumfadktd, pmrtjnjpms dk df hcrc ncktjkumadktd lurmktd fm sdamkm d jldktjnms m lcs
ncapmýdrcs pmrm rdtrcmfjadktmr
rdtrcmfjadktmr su pmrtjnjpmnjþk y lmrfd sdeujajdktc m fm ljsnusjþk. Fms
jldms qud mpcrtmstd nfmrmadktd prcaudvdk df ljífcec y ncknfusjckds scgrd df tdam, puds fm
rdtrcmfjadktmnjþkk m sus ncapmýdrcs ds rdfdvmktd fc qud rddom df dstuljc y fm ncaprdksjþk
rdtrcmfjadktmnjþ
ldf tdam jkljnmlc. Hjkmfadktd, rdtcams fms mpcrtmnjckds edkdrmlms lurmktd fm sdamkm pmrm
jldktjnmr fms jldms aís rdfdvmktds y edkdrmr ncknfusjckds ldf tdam.
Hdfjnjlmlds, ijnjstd uk dxndfdktd trmgmoc.
mldaís, jknfuyds
njknc c aís vdndsfms
dkrdhdrdknjms ld fm jkhcramnjþk
df hcrc nckhcrad qud rdtcams.
fc qud sd scfjnjtm, Pcr ctrc fmlc,
hujstd rdspdtucsc pmrtjnjpmstd
dk tus
mpcrtmnjckds. Acstrmstd mpdrturm imnjm fms mpcrtmnjckds ld tus ncapmýdrcs y m su vdz td
acstrmstd rdndptjvc puds rdspckljstd m sus ncadktmrjcs nck ukm cpjkjþk rddxjvm.
Msjajsac, tus mpcrtmnjckds sck rdfdvmktds, kcvdlcsms y fms dxpckds ld amkdrm sjktêtjnm.
Mtjdklds m fms kcrams ld kdtjqudtm pmrm pmrtjnjpmr dk dktcrkcs vjrtumfds. Jeumfadktd,
pmrtjnjpms dk df hcrc ncktjkumadktd lurmktd fm sdamkm d jldktjnms m lcs ncapmýdrcs pmrm
rdtrcmfjadktmr su pmrtjnjpmnjþk y lmrfd sdeujajdktc m fm ljsnusjþk. Fms jldms qud mpcrtmstd
mpcr tmstd
nfmrmadktd prcaudvdk df ljífcec y ncknfusjckds scgrd df tdam, puds fm rdtrcmfjadktmnjþk m
sus ncapmýdrcs ds rdfdvmktd fc qud rddom df dstuljc y fm ncaprdksjþk
n caprdksjþk ldf tdam jkljnmlc.
Hjkmfadktd, rdtcams fms mpcrtmnjckds edkdrmlms lurmktd fm sdamkm pmrm jldktjnmr fms jldms
aís rdfdvmktds y edkdrmr ncknfusjckds ldf tdam.
Hdfjnjlmlds, ijnjstd uk dxndfdktd trmgmoc.
AMWZNMWADK
AMWZNMWADK ACWDKC EJF
9/0:/7=, 70?48
Dstjamlc MKEDFM XMKD^^M ACK\CZMACK\CZM LDF MKEDF , df prdsdktd adksmod ds pmrm grjklmr
grjklmrtd
td
rdtrcmfjadktmnjþkk ldf Hcrc ld nfmsd? \dnkcfceáms dadredktds pmrm…. Ldktrc ldf hcrc
rdtrcmfjadktmnjþ
rdspcklds nfmrmadktd m fcs nudstjckmajdktcs scfjnjtmlcs. \us mpcrtmnjckds sck ncapfdtms y
nfmrms. \us
\us ncadktmrjcs dvjldknjmk qud jkvdstjemstd, mkmfjzmstd y ncaprdkljstd df tdam2
mldaís, jknfuyds fms rdhdrdknjms ld fm jkhcramnjþk qud rdtcams. Pcr ctrc fmlc, pmrtjnjpmstd
njknc c aís vdnds dk df hcrc nckhcrad fc qud sd scfjnjtm, hujstd rdspdtucsc dk tus
mpcrtmnjckds. Acstrmstd mpdrturm imnjm fms mpcrtmnjckds ld tus ncapmýdrcs y m su vdz td
acstrmstd rdndptjvc puds rdspckljstd m sus ncadktmrjcs nck ukm cpjkjþk rddxjvm.
Msjajsac, tus mpcrtmnjckds sck rdfdvmktds, kcvdlcsms y fms dxpckds ld amkdrm sjktêtjnm.
Mtjdklds m fms kcrams ld kdtjqudtm pmrm pmrtjnjpmr dk dktcrkcs vjrtumfds. Jeumfadktd,
pmrtjnjpms dk df hcrc ncktjkumadktd lurmktd fm sdamkm d jldktjnms m lcs ncapmýdrcs pmrm
rdtrcmfjadktmr su pmrtjnjpmnjþk y lmrfd sdeujajdktc m fm ljsnusjþk. Fms jldms qud mpcrtmstd
mpcr tmstd
nfmrmadktd prcaudvdk df ljífcec y ncknfusjckds scgrd df tdam, puds fm rdtrcmfjadktmnjþk m
sus ncapmýdrcs ds rdfdvmktd fc qud rddom df dstuljc y fm ncaprdksjþk
n caprdksjþk ldf tdam jkljnmlc.
Hjkmfadktd, rdtcams fms mpcrtmnjckds edkdrmlms lurmktd fm sdamkm pmrm jldktjnmr fms jldms
aís rdfdvmktds y edkdrmr ncknfusjckds ldf tdam.
Hdfjnjlmlds, ijnjstd uk dxndfdktd trmgmoc.
Dstjamlc ^MFCAÞK
^MFCAÞK EWMOMFD^ KMÝD_ , df prdsdktd adksmod ds pmrm grjklmrtd
rdtrcmfjadktmnjþkk ldf Hcrc ld nfmsd? \dnkcfceáms dadredktds pmrm…. Ldktrc ldf hcrc
rdtrcmfjadktmnjþ
rdspcklds nfmrmadktd m fcs nudstjckmajdktcs scfjnjtmlcs. \us mpcrtmnjckds sck ncapfdtms y
nfmrms. \us
\us ncadktmrjcs dvjldknjmk qud jkvdstjemstd, mkmfjzmstd y ncaprdkljstd df tdam2
mldaís, jknfuyds fms rdhdrdknjms ld fm jkhcramnjþk qud rdtcams. Pcr ctrc fmlc, pmrtjnjpmstd
XMFDWJM
XMFDWJM MAMJWMKJ LCAÁKETD_ WÁC^
9/0:/7=, 70?<7
Dstjamlm XMFDWJM
XMFDWJM MAMJWMKJ LCAÁKETD_ WÁC^, df prdsdktd adksmod ds pmrm grjklmrtd
rdtrcmfjadktmnjþkk ldf Hcrc ld nfmsd? \dnkcfceáms dadredktds pmrm…. Ldktrc ldf hcrc
rdtrcmfjadktmnjþ
rdspcklds nfmrmadktd m fcs nudstjckmajdktcs scfjnjtmlcs. \us mpcrtmnjckds sck ncapfdtms y
nfmrms. \us
\us ncadktmrjcs dvjldknjmk qud jkvdstjemstd, mkmfjzmstd y ncaprdkljstd df tdam2
mldaís, jknfuyds fms rdhdrdknjms ld fm jkhcramnjþk qud rdtcams. Pcr ctrc fmlc, pmrtjnjpmstd
njknc c aís vdnds dk df hcrc nckhcrad fc qud sd scfjnjtm, hujstd rdspdtucsc dk tus
mpcrtmnjckds. Acstrmstd mpdrturm imnjm fms mpcrtmnjckds ld tus ncapmýdrcs y m su vdz td
acstrmstd rdndptjvc puds rdspckljstd m sus ncadktmrjcs nck ukm cpjkjþk rddxjvm.
Msjajsac, tus mpcrtmnjckds sck rdfdvmktds, kcvdlcsms y fms dxpckds ld amkdrm sjktêtjnm.
Mtjdklds m fms kcrams ld kdtjqudtm pmrm pmrtjnjpmr dk dktcrkcs vjrtumfds. Jeumfadktd,
pmrtjnjpms dk df hcrc ncktjkumadktd lurmktd fm sdamkm d jldktjnms m lcs ncapmýdrcs pmrm
rdtrcmfjadktmr su pmrtjnjpmnjþk y lmrfd sdeujajdktc m fm ljsnusjþk. Fms jldms qud mpcrtmstd
mpcr tmstd
nfmrmadktd prcaudvdk df ljífcec y ncknfusjckds scgrd df tdam, puds fm rdtrcmfjadktmnjþk m
sus ncapmýdrcs ds rdfdvmktd fc qud rddom df dstuljc y fm ncaprdksjþk
n caprdksjþk ldf tdam jkljnmlc.
Hjkmfadktd, rdtcams fms mpcrtmnjckds edkdrmlms lurmktd fm sdamkm pmrm jldktjnmr fms jldms
aís rdfdvmktds y edkdrmr ncknfusjckds ldf tdam.
Hdfjnjlmlds, ijnjstd uk dxndfdktd trmgmoc.
Icfm MFDOMKLWM LJM_ EMWNJM , df prdsdktd adksmod ds pmrm grjklmrtd rdtrcmfjadktmnjþk ldf
Hcrc ld nfmsd? \dnkcfceáms dadredktds pmrm…. Ldktrc ldf hcrc rdspcklds ld amkdrm edkdrmf
m fcs nudstjckmajdktcs scfjnjtmlcs. \
\us
us mpcrtmnjckds sck nfmrms. \us ncadktmrjcs dvjldknjmk
qud ncaprdkljstd df tdam. Pcr ctrc fmlc, scfmadktd pmrtjnjpmstd 7 vdnds y kc njknc nckhcrad
fc qud sd scfjnjtm df hcrc ld jktdermnjþk. Hujstd rdspdtucsc dk tus mpcrtmnjckds. Msjajsac, tus
mpcrtmnjckds sck dxpudstms ld amkdrm edkdrmf. Mtjdklds m fms kcrams ld kdtjqudtm pmrm
pmrtjnjpmr dk dktcrkcs vjrtumfds. Fms jldms qud mpcrtmstd prcaudvdk df ljífcec sjk dagmrec
td acstrmstd pcnc rdndptjvc puds rdspckljstd vmemadktd m fcs ncadktmrjcs ld tus
ncapmýdrcs. Pcr ctrc fmlc, td ijnjdrck hmftm > mpcrtmnjckds pmrm nuapfjr tctmfadktd nck fms
njknc mpcrtmnjckds aákjams scfjnjtmlms. Dk prþxjacs hcrcs jktdermlcrds
jktdermlcrds td jkvjtc m dvjldknjmr
qud jkvdstjemstd, mkmfjzmstd y ncaprdkljstd df tdam2 jknfuydklc fms rdhdrdknjms ld fm
jkhcramnjþk qud rdtcams. Hjkmfadktd, rdtcams fms mpcrtmnjckds edkdrmlms lurmktd fm
sdamkm pmrm jldktjnmr fms jldms y edkdrmr msá ukm ncknfusjþk ldf tdam.
Ermnjms pcr tus mpcrtmnjckds.
Gudkms kcnids AMWJM LD OD^ß^ MKLWDM NWT_ IDWKMKLD_, df prdsdktd adksmod ds pmrm
grjklmrtd rdtrcmfjadktmnjþk ldf Hcrc ld nfmsd? \dnkcfceáms dadredktds pmrm…. Ldktrc ldf hcrc
rdspcklds nfmrmadktd m fcs nudstjckmajdktcs scfjnjtmlcs. \us mpcrtmnjckds sck ncapfdtms y
nfmrms. \us
\us ncadktmrjcs dvjldknjmk qud jkvdstjemstd, mkmfjzmstd y ncaprdkljstd df tdam2
mldaís, jknfuyds fms rdhdrdknjms ld fm jkhcramnjþk qud rdtcams. Pcr ctrc fmlc, pmrtjnjpmstd
njknc c aís vdnds dk df hcrc nckhcrad fc qud sd scfjnjtm, hujstd rdspdtucsc dk tus
mpcrtmnjckds. Acstrmstd mpdrturm imnjm fms mpcrtmnjckds ld tus ncapmýdrcs y m su vdz td
acstrmstd rdndptjvc puds rdspckljstd m sus ncadktmrjcs nck ukm cpjkjþk rddxjvm.
Msjajsac, tus mpcrtmnjckds sck rdfdvmktds, kcvdlcsms y fms dxpckds ld amkdrm sjktêtjnm.
Mtjdklds m fms kcrams ld kdtjqudtm pmrm pmrtjnjpmr dk dktcrkcs vjrtumfds. Jeumfadktd,
pmrtjnjpms dk df hcrc ncktjkumadktd lurmktd fm sdamkm d jldktjnms m lcs ncapmýdrcs pmrm
rdtrcmfjadktmr su pmrtjnjpmnjþk y lmrfd sdeujajdktc m fm ljsnusjþk. Fms jldms qud mpcrtmstd
mpcr tmstd
nfmrmadktd prcaudvdk df ljífcec y ncknfusjckds scgrd df tdam, puds fm rdtrcmfjadktmnjþk m
sus ncapmýdrcs ds rdfdvmktd fc qud rddom df dstuljc y fm ncaprdksjþk
n caprdksjþk ldf tdam jkljnmlc.
Hjkmfadktd, rdtcams fms mpcrtmnjckds edkdrmlms lurmktd fm sdamkm pmrm jldktjnmr fms jldms
aís rdfdvmktds y edkdrmr ncknfusjckds ldf tdam.
Hdfjnjlmlds, ijnjstd uk dxndfdktd trmgmoc.
9/0:/7=, 70?7=
Dstjamlm GWDKLM FJ_GD\I GCWWDEC LTWMK , df prdsdktd adksmod ds pmrm grjklmrtdgrjklmr td
rdtrcmfjadktmnjþkk ldf Hcrc ld nfmsd? \dnkcfceáms dadredktds pmrm…. Ldktrc ldf hcrc
rdtrcmfjadktmnjþ
rdspcklds nfmrmadktd m fcs nudstjckmajdktcs scfjnjtmlcs. \us mpcrtmnjckds sck ncapfdtms y
nfmrms. \us
\us ncadktmrjcs dvjldknjmk qud jkvdstjemstd, mkmfjzmstd y ncaprdkljstd df tdam2
mldaís, jknfuyds fms rdhdrdknjms ld fm jkhcramnjþk qud rdtcams. Pcr ctrc fmlc, pmrtjnjpmstd
njknc c aís vdnds dk df hcrc nckhcrad fc qud sd scfjnjtm, hujstd rdspdtucsc dk tus
mpcrtmnjckds. Acstrmstd mpdrturm imnjm fms mpcrtmnjckds ld tus ncapmýdrcs y m su vdz td
acstrmstd rdndptjvc puds rdspckljstd m sus ncadktmrjcs nck ukm cpjkjþk rddxjvm.
Msjajsac, tus mpcrtmnjckds sck rdfdvmktds, kcvdlcsms y fms dxpckds ld amkdrm sjktêtjnm.
Mtjdklds m fms kcrams ld kdtjqudtm pmrm pmrtjnjpmr dk dktcrkcs vjrtumfds. Jeumfadktd,
pmrtjnjpms dk df hcrc ncktjkumadktd lurmktd fm sdamkm d jldktjnms m lcs ncapmýdrcs pmrm
rdtrcmfjadktmr su pmrtjnjpmnjþk y lmrfd sdeujajdktc m fm ljsnusjþk. Fms jldms qud mpcrtmstd
mpcr tmstd
nfmrmadktd prcaudvdk df ljífcec y ncknfusjckds scgrd df tdam, puds fm rdtrcmfjadktmnjþk m
sus ncapmýdrcs ds rdfdvmktd fc qud rddom df dstuljc y fm ncaprdksjþk
n caprdksjþk ldf tdam jkljnmlc.
Hjkmfadktd, rdtcams fms mpcrtmnjckds edkdrmlms lurmktd fm sdamkm pmrm jldktjnmr fms jldms
aís rdfdvmktds y edkdrmr ncknfusjckds ldf tdam.
Hdfjnjlmlds, ijnjstd uk dxndfdktd trmgmoc.
nfmrms. \us
\us ncadktmrjcs dvjldknjmk qud jkvdstjemstd, mkmfjzmstd y ncaprdkljstd df tdam2
mldaís, jknfuyds fms rdhdrdknjms ld fm jkhcramnjþk qud rdtcams. Pcr ctrc fmlc, pmrtjnjpmstd
njknc c aís vdnds dk df hcrc nckhcrad fc qud sd scfjnjtm, hujstd rdspdtucsc dk tus
mpcrtmnjckds. Acstrmstd mpdrturm imnjm fms mpcrtmnjckds ld tus ncapmýdrcs y m su vdz td
acstrmstd rdndptjvc puds rdspckljstd m sus ncadktmrjcs nck ukm cpjkjþk rddxjvm.
Msjajsac, tus mpcrtmnjckds sck rdfdvmktds, kcvdlcsms y fms dxpckds ld amkdrm sjktêtjnm.
Mtjdklds m fms kcrams ld kdtjqudtm pmrm pmrtjnjpmr dk dktcrkcs vjrtumfds. Jeumfadktd,
pmrtjnjpms dk df hcrc ncktjkumadktd lurmktd fm sdamkm d jldktjnms m lcs ncapmýdrcs pmrm
rdtrcmfjadktmr su pmrtjnjpmnjþk y lmrfd sdeujajdktc m fm ljsnusjþk. Fms jldms qud mpcrtmstd
mpcr tmstd
nfmrmadktd prcaudvdk df ljífcec y ncknfusjckds scgrd df tdam, puds fm rdtrcmfjadktmnjþk m
sus ncapmýdrcs ds rdfdvmktd fc qud rddom df dstuljc y fm ncaprdksjþk
n caprdksjþk ldf tdam jkljnmlc.
Hjkmfadktd, rdtcams fms mpcrtmnjckds edkdrmlms lurmktd fm sdamkm pmrm jldktjnmr fms jldms
aís rdfdvmktds y edkdrmr ncknfusjckds ldf tdam.
Hdfjnjlmlds, ijnjstd uk dxndfdktd trmgmoc.
Icfm OMKD\ GMWNDKM^ GCOCWED^, df prdsdktd adksmod ds pmrm grjklmrtd grjklmr td rdtrcmfjadktmnjþk
ldf Hcrc ld nfmsd? \dnkcfceáms dadredktds pmrm…. Ldktrc ldf hcrc rdspcklds nfmrmadktd m fcs
nudstjckmajdktcs scfjnjtmlcs. \us
\us mpcrtmnjckds sck ncapfdtms y nfmrms. \us ncadktmrjcs
dvjldknjmk qud jkvdstjemstd, mkmfjzmstd y ncaprdkljstd df tdam2 mldaís, jknfuyds fms
rdhdrdknjms ld fm jkhcramnjþk qud rdtcams. Pcr ctrc fmlc, pmrtjnjpmstd njknc c aís vdnds dk
df hcrc nckhcrad fc qud sd scfjnjtm, hujstd rdspdtucsc dk tus mpcrtmnjckds. Acstrmstd mpdrturm
imnjm fms mpcrtmnjckds ld tus ncapmýdrcs y m su vdz td acstrmstd rdndptjvc puds
rdspckljstd m sus ncadktmrjcs nck ukm cpjkjþk rddxjvm. Msjajsac, tus mpcrtmnjckds sck
rdfdvmktds, kcvdlcsms y fms dxpckds ld amkdrm sjktêtjnm. Mtjdklds m fms kcrams ld kdtjqudtm
pmrm pmrtjnjpmr dk dktcrkcs vjrtumfds. Jeumfadktd, pmrtjnjpms
pmr tjnjpms dk df hcrc ncktjkumadktd lurmktd
fm sdamkm d jldktjnms m lcs ncapmýdrcs pmrm rdtrcmfjadktmr
rdtrcmfjadktmr su pmrtjnjpmnjþk y lmrfd
sdeujajdktc m fm ljsnusjþk. Fms jldms qud mpcrtmstd nfmrmadktd prcaudvdk df ljífcec y
ncknfusjckds scgrd df tdam, puds fm rdtrcmfjadktmnjþk m sus ncapmýdrcs ds rdfdvmktd fc qud
rddom df dstuljc y fm ncaprdksjþk ldf tdam jkljnmlc. Hjkmfadktd, rdtcams fms mpcrtmnjckds
mpcr tmnjckds
edkdrmlms lurmktd fm sdamkm pmrm jldktjnmr fms jldms aís rdfdvmktds y edkdrmr
ncknfusjckds ldf tdam.
Hdfjnjlmlds, ijnjstd uk dxndfdktd trmgmoc.
Icfm ET^\MXC
ET^\MXC GMFLDWM^ PDWD_, df prdsdktd adksmod ds pmrm grjklmrtd rdtrcmfjadktmnjþk
ldf Hcrc ld nfmsd? \dnkcfceáms dadredktds pmrm…. Ldktrc ldf hcrc rdspcklds ld amkdrm
edkdrmf m fcs nudstjckmajdktcs scfjnjtmlcs. \ \us
us mpcrtmnjckds sck nfmrms. \us ncadktmrjcs
dvjldknjmk qud ncaprdkljstd df tdam. Pcr ctrc fmlc, scfmadktd pmrtjnjpmstd 7 vdnds y kc
njknc nckhcrad fc qud sd scfjnjtm df hcrc ld jktdermnjþk. Hujstd rdspdtucsc dk tus
mpcrtmnjckds. Msjajsac, tus mpcrtmnjckds sck dxpudstms ld amkdrm edkdrmf. Mtjdklds m fms
kcrams ld kdtjqudtm pmrm pmrtjnjpmr dk dktcrkcs vjrtumfds. Fms jldms qud mpcrtmstd
prcaudvdk df ljífcec sjk dagmrec td acstrmstd pcnc rdndptjvc puds rdspckljstd vmemadktd
m fcs ncadktmrjcs ld tus ncapmýdrcs. Pcr ctrc fmlc, td ijnjdrck hmftm > mpcrtmnjckds pmrm
nuapfjr tctmfadktd nck fms njknc mpcrtmnjckds aákjams scfjnjtmlms. Dk prþxjacs hcrcs
jktdermlcrds td jkvjtc m dvjldknjmr qud jkvdstjemstd, mkmfjzmstd y ncaprdkljstd df tdam2
jknfuydklc fms rdhdrdknjms ld fm jkhcramnjþk qud rdtcams. Hjkmfadktd, rdtcams fms
mpcrtmnjckds edkdrmlms lurmktd fm sdamkm pmrm jldktjnmr fms jldms y edkdrmr msá ukm
ncknfusjþk ldf tdam.
Ermnjms pcr tus mpcrtmnjckds.
KM\MF
KM\MFZ
Z MWJM^
MWJ M^ M^N
M^NDKNJC
DKNJC
9/0:/7=, 70?=7
Icfm KM\MF
KM\MFZZ MWJM^ M^NDKNJC , df prdsdktd adksmod ds pmrm grjklmrtd rdtrcmfjadktmnjþk ldf
Hcrc ld nfmsd? \dnkcfceáms dadredktds pmrm…. Ldktrc ldf hcrc rdspcklds nfmrmadktd m fcs
nudstjckmajdktcs scfjnjtmlcs. \us
\us mpcrtmnjckds sck ncapfdtms y nfmrms. \us ncadktmrjcs
dvjldknjmk qud jkvdstjemstd, mkmfjzmstd y ncaprdkljstd df tdam2 mldaís, jknfuyds fms
rdhdrdknjms ld fm jkhcramnjþk qud rdtcams. Pcr ctrc fmlc, pmrtjnjpmstd njknc c aís vdnds dk
df hcrc nckhcrad fc qud sd scfjnjtm, hujstd rdspdtucsc dk tus mpcrtmnjckds. Acstrmstd mpdrturm
imnjm fms mpcrtmnjckds ld tus ncapmýdrcs y m su vdz td acstrmstd rdndptjvc puds
rdspckljstd m sus ncadktmrjcs nck ukm cpjkjþk rddxjvm. Msjajsac, tus mpcrtmnjckds sck
rdfdvmktds, kcvdlcsms y fms dxpckds ld amkdrm sjktêtjnm. Mtjdklds m fms kcrams ld kdtjqudtm
pmrm pmrtjnjpmr dk dktcrkcs vjrtumfds. Jeumfadktd, pmrtjnjpms
pmr tjnjpms dk df hcrc ncktjkumadktd lurmktd
fm sdamkm d jldktjnms m lcs ncapmýdrcs pmrm rdtrcmfjadktmr
rdtrcmfjadktmr su pmrtjnjpmnjþk y lmrfd
sdeujajdktc m fm ljsnusjþk. Fms jldms qud mpcrtmstd nfmrmadktd prcaudvdk df ljífcec y
ncknfusjckds scgrd df tdam, puds fm rdtrcmfjadktmnjþk m sus ncapmýdrcs ds rdfdvmktd fc qud
rddom df dstuljc y fm ncaprdksjþk ldf tdam jkljnmlc. Hjkmfadktd, rdtcams fms mpcrtmnjckds
mpcr tmnjckds
edkdrmlms lurmktd fm sdamkm pmrm jldktjnmr fms jldms aís rdfdvmktds y edkdrmr
ncknfusjckds ldf tdam.
Hdfjnjlmlds, ijnjstd uk dxndfdktd trmgmoc.
9/0:/7=, 70?==
Icfm AMWEMWJ\M MFCK^C MNC^\M,
MNC^\M, df prdsdktd adksmod ds pmrm grjklmrtd rdtrcmfjadktmnjþ
rdtrcmfjadktmnjþkk
ldf Hcrc ld nfmsd? \dnkcfceáms dadredktds pmrm…. Ldktrc ldf hcrc rdspcklds nfmrmadktd m fcs
nudstjckmajdktcs scfjnjtmlcs. \us
\us mpcrtmnjckds sck ncapfdtms y nfmrms. \us ncadktmrjcs
dvjldknjmk qud jkvdstjemstd, mkmfjzmstd y ncaprdkljstd df tdam2 mldaís, jknfuyds fms
rdhdrdknjms ld fm jkhcramnjþk qud rdtcams. Pcr ctrc fmlc, pmrtjnjpmstd njknc c aís vdnds dk
df hcrc nckhcrad fc qud sd scfjnjtm, hujstd rdspdtucsc dk tus mpcrtmnjckds. Acstrmstd mpdrturm
imnjm fms mpcrtmnjckds ld tus ncapmýdrcs y m su vdz td acstrmstd rdndptjvc puds
rdspckljstd m sus ncadktmrjcs nck ukm cpjkjþk rddxjvm. Msjajsac, tus mpcrtmnjckds sck
rdfdvmktds, kcvdlcsms y fms dxpckds ld amkdrm sjktêtjnm. Mtjdklds m fms kcrams ld kdtjqudtm
pmrm pmrtjnjpmr dk dktcrkcs vjrtumfds. Jeumfadktd, pmrtjnjpms
pmr tjnjpms dk df hcrc ncktjkumadktd lurmktd
fm sdamkm d jldktjnms m lcs ncapmýdrcs pmrm rdtrcmfjadktmr
rdtrcmfjadktmr su pmrtjnjpmnjþk y lmrfd
sdeujajdktc m fm ljsnusjþk. Fms jldms qud mpcrtmstd nfmrmadktd prcaudvdk df ljífcec y
ncknfusjckds scgrd df tdam, puds fm rdtrcmfjadktmnjþk m sus ncapmýdrcs ds rdfdvmktd fc qud
rddom df dstuljc y fm ncaprdksjþk ldf tdam jkljnmlc. Hjkmfadktd, rdtcams fms mpcrtmnjckds
mpcr tmnjckds
edkdrmlms lurmktd fm sdamkm pmrm jldktjnmr fms jldms aís rdfdvmktds y edkdrmr
ncknfusjckds ldf tdam.
Hdfjnjlmlds, ijnjstd uk dxndfdktd trmgmoc.
Icfm gudk lám ^dgmstjík, mpfmulc tu mntjtul, y mpcyc tu jkjnjmtjvm ld pckdrtd mf ncrrjdktd nck
tus mntjvjlmlds ncrrdspckljdktds m fm sdamkm >, pcr dffc td id ctcremlc ukm dxtdksjþk imstm
df lám ld amýmkm oudvds 0: ld sdptjdagrd m fms 7>?44 pa, pmrm qud rdmfjnds tus dktrdems y td
pckems mf ncrrjdktd nck fms mntjvjlmlds. Ds japcrtmktd adknjckmr qud pmrm df hcrc ld nfmsd y
df jkhcrad ld rddxjþk kc sd pudld ctcremr dxtdksjþk, pdrc td fm id ctcremlc pmrm fms
mntjvjlmlds ncrrdspckljdktds m fm hmsd 4 y 82 tcam dstm cpcrtukjlml y imz fc prcpjc pmrm
fcermr tus cgodtjvcs. \d pjlc ukm vdz qud rdmfjnds fms dktrdems ad kctjquds pcr dstd adljc
pmrm prcndldr m rdvjsmrfms pmrm ctcremrtd msá dvmfumnjþk y rdtrcmfjadktmnjþk.
^mfulcs ncrljmfds
Icfm gudkms tmrlds dstjamlcs mfuakcs y mfuakms, fm sdamkm > ncknfuyþ df lám ld mydr2 ermnjms pcr sus
dktrdems dk tjdapc y hcram y pcr ncapmrtjr y mprdkldr ouktcs. Pmrm aá ncac su hmnjfjtmlcr im sjlc auy
smtjshmntcrjc mpcymrfcs y trmgmomr ld fm amkc nck tclcs ustdlds.
Ds japcrtmktd adknjckmrfds qud dstm sdamkm ncaprdkld ldf fukds 08 mf lcajkec =7 ld sdptjdagrd ldf
707= y fms mntjvjlmlds m rdmfjzmr sck fms sjeujdktds?
ö Wdnurscs? prjadrmadktd, ldgdk rdvjsmr fcs rdnurscs ld fm sdamkm qud kcs chrdnd fm pfmtmhcram, rdvjsmr
fms mntjvjlmlds ld fm ukjlml y cremkjzmr fm sdamkm, pfmkdmklc fcs tjdapcs ld dstuljc y dspmnjcs pmrm
trmgmomr kudstrms mntjvjlmlds hmsd 5 y hmsd kmf, mtdkldr df hcrc ld ncdvmfumnjþk, y fm sdsjþk sáknrckm.
ö Prcydntc. Hmsd kmf. Micrm qud ym nudktms nck uk prcydntc dsgczmlc dk sus dtmpms aís japcrtmktds
(ljmekþstjnc, ncktdxtumfjzmnjþk y pfmkjnmnjþk), ds acadktc qud jktderds dk tu pcrtmhcfjc ld mprdkljzmod.
Dk dstm hmsd ldgdrís, rdncpjfmr tus prcluntcs
p rcluntcs ld fms hmsds = m fm 8 ld fms mntjvjlmlds qud rdmfjzmstd lurmktd
df aþlufc 77 d jktdermr uk mrnijvc dfdntrþkjnc
dfdn trþkjnc dk tu dqujpc ld nþaputc, kugd c ljspcsjtjvc mf mrnijvc qud
jktderds ldgds merdemr ukm nmrítufm qud ljsdýds, lckld adknjckds, mldaís ld tus lmtcs edkdrmfds, df
tdam ld tu prcydntc. Ldspuês, dsnrjgd ukm rdfmnjþk ld fcs prcluntcs qud jktdermk tu pcrtmhcfjc, cremkjzmlm
pcr sdamkm dk fm qud jkljquds? sdamkm, mntjvjlml,
mn tjvjlml, prcluntc y hcramtc dk qud fc prdsdktmstd? Ucrl, Dxndf,
PP\,, dtn., d jknfÿydfm dk ttuu pcrtmhcfjc. Nck fm kmfjlml ld mpcymrfcs dk dstm hmsd, fds ncadktc qud pclrík
PP\
dapfdmr fms kugds ld mfamndkmaj
mfamndkmajdktc
dktc ld Eccefd Lrjvd c Lrcpgcx pmrm ncfcnmr fm dvjldknjm ld su
prcydntc,, msá sd cgtdklrí fm fjem pmrm sdr ncapmrtjlm dk df Prcydntc Hmsd Hjkmf y dk df Hcrc ld
prcydntc
Ncdvmfumnjþk.
Ncapmrtc nck ustdlds ukcs tutcrjmfds dk fcs numfds sd msdscrm pmrm sugjr mrnijvcs dk Lrjvd y Lrcpgcx?
ittps?/
ittps?//ycutu.gd/7ugFcnCxqYw
/ycutu.gd/7ugFcnCxqYw
ö Hcrc pmrm ncdvmfumnjþk? Ncapmrtmacs kudstrc prcydntc? Dstd hcrc ds pmrm fm ncdvmfumnjþk, df numf ds
uk prcndsc qud ncksjstd dk fm rdtrcmfjadktmnjþk ldf ldsdapdýc dktrd pmrds, ds ldnjr, ld uk dstuljmktd m
ctrc, y tjdkd ncac kmfjlml jldktjnmr y ncapmrtjr jkhcramnjþk pmrm rdtrcmfjadktmr df prcydntc ld ctrcs
ncapmýdrcs. Pmrm pmrtjnjpmr dk dstd hcrc, ds kdndsmrjc qud jktderds y ncapmrtms tu pcrtmhcfjc
pcr tmhcfjc mktds ldf
amrtds 05 ld sdptjdagrd ld 707=, lmlc qud df lám ajêrncfds 09 m adljc lám pugfjnmrê pmrm su ncksuftm, fm
fjstm ld pmrdoms lckld pclrík vjsumfjzmr qujdk sdrí su pmrdom dk dstd prcndsc ld ncdvmfumnjþk.
ncdvmfumnjþk.
Prjadrmadktd,
dkhrdktmstd lurmktd fm jktdermr
ldgds, mf hcrc
dfmgcrmnjþk ld tu
fmsprcydntc kmfhmsds
8 prjadrms y dxprdsmr mfeÿk prcgfdam
ld tu prcydntc, c sjtumnjþk
dksdeujlm m fm qud
ldgds, rdvjsmr fm td
tmgfm
ld ncdvmfumnjþk lckld pclrís vdr m qujdk ldgds rdtrcmfjadktmr, pmrm dffc, fdd y mkmfjzm nck n ck mtdknjþk fms
hmsds ldf prcydntc ld tu ncapmýdrc msjekmlc. Pcstdrjcradktd, dk df adksmod crjejkmf ldf ncap ncapmýdrc
mýdrc mf
qud dvmfumstd, m amkdrm ld rêpfjnm, dkvám ukm rdtrcmfjadktmnjþk nckstruntjvm y rdspdtucsm dk fm qud
jknfuyms mqudffcs mspdntcs pcsjtjvcs ld su prcydntc, mfeukm suedrdknjm ld adocrm y ncadktmrjcs rdspdntc
m su mpcrtmnjþk dk df hcrc. Hjkmfadktd, dsnrjgd ukm ncknfusjþk dk fm qud dxpfjquds quê vdktmoms tjdkd df
rdmfjzmr uk dodrnjnjc ld ncdvmfumnjþk ncac df qud rdmfjzmstd dk dstd hcrc.
ö Mtdkldr fm sdsjþk sáknrckm fm numf sd ffdvmrí mnmgc df lám ld amýmkm, amrtds 05 ld sdptjdagrd ldf 707=
m fms :?00 pa, icrm ldf ndktrc ld Aêxjnc. Fds ldoc df fjkb ld mnndsc m fm ajsam, fcs dspdrc?
ittps?//ycutu.gd/jFl<ffk-AXn
Ds japcrtmktd rdncrlmrfds qud df prcydntc hmsd kmf, ds ldnjr fm jktdermnjþk ld tu prcydntc ldgd ncknfujrsd,
m aís tmrlmr, df amrtds 05 ld sdptjdagrd
sdp tjdagrd ld 707=, pudstc qud ds ukm mntjvjlml qud dstí fjemlm mf hcrc ld
ncdvmfumnjþk. Ldgdrís ncapmrtjr tu prcydntc nck tu hmnjfjtmlcr dk df mpmrtmlc mntjvjlml prcydntc kmf y
ldgdrís pugfjnmrfc tmagjêk dk df hcrc ld ncdvmfumnjþk.
KC\M? df lám ajêrncfds 05 ld sdptjdagrd m adljc lám fds pugfjnmrê dk hcrc ld kcvdlmlds y hcrc ld
ncdvmfumnjþk fm tmgfm lckld pclrík rdvjsmr qud ncapmýdrc fds tcnc pmrm imndr df dodrnjnjc ld
ncdvmfumnjþk
ncdvmfumnjþk pmrm qud rdvjsdk su prcydntc y pudlmk msá prcndldr m fm ncdvmfumnjþk.
ncdvmfumnjþk. Ds pcr dffc qud fds
imec ijknmpjê m qud pugfjqudk su prcydntc m aís tmrlmr df amrtds y pudlmk msá imndr fm mntjvjlml.
Fds rdnudrlc qud fm pfmtmhcram pmrm sdamkm < njdrrm df lcajkec =7 ld sdptjdagrd m fms ==?44 pa. Ld
jeumf hcram df hcrc njdrrm m dsm icrm.
Dk fms mntjvjlmlds qud amklmk, tjdkdk fm cgfjemnjþk ld njtmr y imndr rdhdrdknjm m fms hudktds ld ncksuftm,
ld kc sdr msá sd pudld tcamr ncac pfmejc. \magjêk ldgdk lmr hcramtc y dstjfc m sus mntjvjlmlds ncac sd
suejdrd dk nmlm mntjvjlml y sugjr m pfmtmhcram fcs lcnuadktcs dk fcs hcramtcs qud sd scfjnjtmk y nck fm
kcadknfmturm qud sd pjld.
Pcr ÿftjac, ncac ym smgdk tdkdacs dk fm pfmtmhcram df usc ld fcs hcrcs ld mpcyc (scnjmf y lulms
mnmlêajnms), msá ncac df hcrc Kcvdlmlds, lckld sd dkvjmrí jkhcramnjþk japcrtmktd ldf nursc, df
adksmodrc y df ncrrdc ld su sdrvjlcr dnmklcr@ictamjf.nca
^jk aís pcr df acadktc, ad ldspjlc ldsdíklcfds fc adocr dk dstm sdamkm qud jkjnjmacs y dspdrmklc
tclcs fcerdk ncknfujrfm nck êxjtc. Numfqujdr lulm dstcy m sus þrldkds. Dstmacs ym dk fm dtmp
dtmpmm kmf, êxjtc m
tclcs.
^mfulcs vjrtumfds.
Erupc A77N>E=9-GG-07<
Aþlufc 77. \dnkcfceáms dadredktds pmrm fm rdscfunjþk ld prcgfdams.
Icfm gudkms tmrlds dstjamlcs mfuakcs y mfuakms, fm sdamkm > ncknfuyþ df lám ld mydr2 ermnjms pcr sus
dktrdems dk tjdapc y hcram y pcr ncapmrtjr y mprdkldr ouktcs. Pmrm aá ncac su hmnjfjtmlcr im sjlc auy
smtjshmntcrjc mpcymrfcs y trmgmomr ld fm amkc nck tclcs ustdlds.
Ds japcrtmktd adknjckmrfds qud dstm sdamkm ncaprdkld ldf fukds 08 mf lcajkec =7 ld sdptjdagrd ldf
707= y fms mntjvjlmlds m rdmfjzmr sck fms sjeujdktds?
ö Wdnurscs? prjadrmadktd, ldgdk rdvjsmr fcs rdnurscs ld fm sdamkm qud kcs chrdnd fm pfmtmhcram, rdvjsmr
fms mntjvjlmlds ld fm ukjlml y cremkjzmr fm sdamkm, pfmkdmklc fcs tjdapcs ld dstuljc y dspmnjcs pmrm
trmgmomr kudstrms mntjvjlmlds hmsd 5 y hmsd kmf, mtdkldr df hcrc ld ncdvmfumnjþk, y fm sdsjþk sáknrckm.
prcpudstm pmrm adocrmrfc. Pmrm dffc, ldgds rdncpjfmr fms mntjvjlmlds qud ims rdmfjzmlc m fc fmrec ldf aþlufc
77, rdmfjzm df mkífjsjs y fm rddxjþk scgrd fcs prjknjpmfds puktcs y pfísamfc dk ukm tmgfm. Micrm, m pmrtjr ldf
ffdkmlc ld tu tmgfm dfmgcrm ukm ncknfusjþk dk fm qud rdspcklms m fms sjeujdktds prdeuktms suedrjlms.
ö Prcydntc. Hmsd kmf. Micrm qud ym nudktms nck uk prcydntc dsgczmlc dk sus dtmpms aís japcrtmktds
(ljmekþstjnc, ncktdxtumfjzmnjþk y pfmkjnmnjþk), ds acadktc qud jktderds dk tu pcrtmhcfjc ld mprdkljzmod.
Dk dstm hmsd ldgdrís, rdncpjfmr tus prcluntcs
p rcluntcs ld fms hmsds = m fm 8 ld fms mntjvjlmlds qud rdmfjzmstd lurmktd
df aþlufc 77 d jktdermr uk mrnijvc dfdntrþkjnc
dfdn trþkjnc dk tu dqujpc ld nþaputc, kugd c ljspcsjtjvc mf mrnijvc qud
jktderds ldgds merdemr ukm nmrítufm qud ljsdýds, lckld adknjckds, mldaís ld tus lmtcs edkdrmfds, df
tdam ld tu prcydntc. Ldspuês, dsnrjgd ukm rdfmnjþk ld fcs prcluntcs qud jktdermk tu pcrtmhcfjc, cremkjzmlm
pcr sdamkm dk fm qud jkljquds? sdamkm, mntjvjlml,
mn tjvjlml, prcluntc y hcramtc dk qud fc prdsdktmstd? Ucrl, Dxndf,
PP\,, dtn., d jknfÿydfm dk ttuu pcrtmhcfjc. Nck fm kmfjlml ld mpcymrfcs dk dstm hmsd, fds ncadktc qud pclrík
PP\
dapfdmr fms kugds ld mfamndkmaj
mfamndkmajdktc
dktc ld Eccefd Lrjvd c Lrcpgcx pmrm ncfcnmr fm dvjldknjm ld su
prcydntc,, msá sd cgtdklrí fm fjem pmrm sdr ncapmrtjlm dk df Prcydntc Hmsd Hjkmf y dk df Hcrc ld
prcydntc
Ncdvmfumnjþk.
Ncapmrtc nck ustdlds ukcs tutcrjmfds dk fcs numfds sd msdscrm pmrm sugjr mrnijvcs dk Lrjvd y Lrcpgcx?
ittps?/
ittps?//ycutu.gd/ok<pM9ok8gw
/ycutu.gd/ok<pM9ok8gw
ittps?/
ittps?//ycutu.gd/7ugFcnCxqYw
/ycutu.gd/7ugFcnCxqYw
ö Hcrc pmrm ncdvmfumnjþk? Ncapmrtmacs kudstrc prcydntc? Dstd hcrc ds pmrm fm ncdvmfumnjþk, df numf ds
uk prcndsc qud ncksjstd dk fm rdtrcmfjadktmnjþk ldf ldsdapdýc dktrd pmrds, ds ldnjr, ld uk dstuljmktd m
ctrc, y tjdkd ncac kmfjlml jldktjnmr y ncapmrtjr jkhcramnjþk pmrm rdtrcmfjadktmr df prcydntc ld ctrcs
ncapmýdrcs. Pmrm pmrtjnjpmr dk dstd hcrc, ds kdndsmrjc qud jktderds y ncapmrtms tu pcrtmhcfjc
pcr tmhcfjc mktds ldf
amrtds 05 ld sdptjdagrd ld 707=, lmlc qud df lám ajêrncfds 09 m adljc lám pugfjnmrê pmrm su ncksuftm, fm
fjstm ld pmrdoms lckld pclrík vjsumfjzmr qujdk sdrí su pmrdom dk dstd prcndsc ld ncdvmfumnjþk.
ncdvmfumnjþk.
Prjadrmadktd, ldgds, jktdermr mf hcrc tu prcydntc kmf y dxprdsmr mfeÿk prcgfdam c sjtumnjþk m fm qud td
dkhrdktmstd lurmktd fm dfmgcrmnjþk ld fms 8 prjadrms hmsds ld tu prcydntc, dksdeujlm ldgds, rdvjsmr fm tmgfm
ld ncdvmfumnjþk lckld pclrís vdr m qujdk ldgds rdtrcmfjadktmr, pmrm dffc, fdd y mkmfjzm nck
n ck mtdknjþk fms
hmsds ldf prcydntc ld tu ncapmýdrc msjekmlc. Pcstdrjcradktd, dk df adksmod crjejkmf ldf ncap
ncapmýdrc
mýdrc mf
qud dvmfumstd, m amkdrm ld rêpfjnm, dkvám ukm rdtrcmfjadktmnjþk nckstruntjvm y rdspdtucsm dk fm qud
jknfuyms mqudffcs mspdntcs pcsjtjvcs ld su prcydntc, mfeukm suedrdknjm ld adocrm y ncadktmrjcs rdspdntc
m su mpcrtmnjþk dk df hcrc. Hjkmfadktd, dsnrjgd ukm ncknfusjþk dk fm qud dxpfjquds quê vdktmoms tjdkd df
rdmfjzmr uk dodrnjnjc ld ncdvmfumnjþk ncac df qud rdmfjzmstd dk dstd hcrc.
ö Mtdkldr fm sdsjþk sáknrckm fm numf sd ffdvmrí mnmgc df lám ld amýmkm, amrtds 05 ld sdptjdagrd ldf 707=
m fms :?00 pa, icrm ldf ndktrc ld Aêxjnc. Fds ldoc df fjkb ld mnndsc m fm ajsam, fcs dspdrc?
ittps?//ycutu.gd/jFl<ffk-AXn
Ds japcrtmktd rdncrlmrfds qud df prcydntc hmsd kmf, ds ldnjr fm jktdermnjþk ld tu prcydntc ldgd ncknfujrsd,
m aís tmrlmr, df amrtds 05 ld sdptjdagrd
sdp tjdagrd ld 707=, pudstc qud ds ukm mntjvjlml qud dstí fjemlm mf hcrc ld
ncdvmfumnjþk. Ldgdrís ncapmrtjr tu prcydntc nck tu hmnjfjtmlcr dk df mpmrtmlc mntjvjlml prcydntc kmf y
ldgdrís pugfjnmrfc tmagjêk dk df hcrc ld ncdvmfumnjþk.
KC\M? df lám ajêrncfds 05 ld sdptjdagrd m adljc lám fds pugfjnmrê dk hcrc ld kcvdlmlds y hcrc ld
ncdvmfumnjþk fm tmgfm lckld pclrík rdvjsmr qud ncapmýdrc fds tcnc pmrm imndr df dodrnjnjc ld
ncdvmfumnjþk
ncdvmfumnjþk pmrm qud rdvjsdk su prcydntc y pudlmk msá prcndldr m fm ncdvmfumnjþk.
ncdvmfumnjþk. Ds pcr dffc qud fds
imec ijknmpjê m qud pugfjqudk su prcydntc m aís tmrlmr df amrtds y pudlmk msá imndr fm mntjvjlml.
Fds rdnudrlc qud fm pfmtmhcram pmrm sdamkm < njdrrm df lcajkec =7 ld sdptjdagrd m fms ==?44 pa. Ld
jeumf hcram df hcrc njdrrm m dsm icrm.
Dk fms mntjvjlmlds qud amklmk, tjdkdk fm cgfjemnjþk ld njtmr y imndr rdhdrdknjm m fms hudktds ld ncksuftm,
ld kc sdr msá sd pudld tcamr ncac pfmejc. \magjêk ldgdk lmr hcramtc y dstjfc m sus mntjvjlmlds ncac sd
suejdrd dk nmlm mntjvjlml y sugjr m pfmtmhcram fcs lcnuadktcs dk fcs hcramtcs qud sd scfjnjtmk y nck fm
kcadknfmturm qud sd pjld.
^jk aís pcr df acadktc, ad ldspjlc ldsdíklcfds fc adocr dk dstm sdamkm qud jkjnjmacs y dspdrmklc
tclcs fcerdk ncknfujrfm nck êxjtc. Numfqujdr lulm dstcy m sus þrldkds. Dstmacs ym dk fm dtmp
dtmpmm kmf, êxjtc m
tclcs.
^mfulcs vjrtumfds.
Erupc A77N>E=9-GG-07<
Icfm gudkms tmrlds dstjamlcs mfuakcs y mfuakms, fm sdamkm > ncknfuyþ df lám ld mydr2 ermnjms pcr sus
dktrdems dk tjdapc y hcram y pcr ncapmrtjr y mprdkldr ouktcs. Pmrm aá ncac su hmnjfjtmlcr im sjlc auy
smtjshmntcrjc mpcymrfcs y trmgmomr ld fm amkc nck tclcs ustdlds.
Ds japcrtmktd adknjckmrfds qud dstm sdamkm ncaprdkld ldf fukds 08 mf lcajkec =7 ld sdptjdagrd ldf
707= y fms mntjvjlmlds m rdmfjzmr sck fms sjeujdktds?
ö Wdnurscs? prjadrmadktd, ldgdk rdvjsmr fcs rdnurscs ld fm sdamkm qud kcs chrdnd fm pfmtmhcram, rdvjsmr
fms mntjvjlmlds ld fm ukjlml y cremkjzmr fm sdamkm, pfmkdmklc fcs tjdapcs ld dstuljc y dspmnjcs pmrm
trmgmomr kudstrms mntjvjlmlds hmsd 5 y hmsd kmf, mtdkldr df hcrc ld ncdvmfumnjþk, y fm sdsjþk sáknrckm.
mldaís
prcpudstm ldpmrm
qud adocrmrfc.
rddxjckmrís scgrd
Pmrm dffc, mqudffcs nmagjcs
ldgds rdncpjfmr fmsqud ims dfmgcrmlc
mntjvjlmlds c prdtdklds
qud ims rdmfjzmlc dfmgcrmr
m fc fmrecy ldf
nuífaþlufc
ds fm
77, rdmfjzm df mkífjsjs y fm rddxjþk scgrd fcs prjknjpmfds puktcs y pfísamfc dk ukm tmgfm. Micrm, m pmrtjr ldf
ffdkmlc ld tu tmgfm dfmgcrm ukm ncknfusjþk dk fm qud rdspcklms m fms sjeujdktds prdeuktms suedrjlms.
ö Prcydntc. Hmsd kmf. Micrm qud ym nudktms nck uk prcydntc dsgczmlc dk sus dtmpms aís japcrtmktds
(ljmekþstjnc, ncktdxtumfjzmnjþk y pfmkjnmnjþk), ds acadktc qud jktderds dk tu pcrtmhcfjc ld mprdkljzmod.
Dk dstm hmsd ldgdrís, rdncpjfmr tus prcluntcs
p rcluntcs ld fms hmsds = m fm 8 ld fms mntjvjlmlds qud rdmfjzmstd lurmktd
df aþlufc 77 d jktdermr uk mrnijvc dfdntrþkjnc
dfdn trþkjnc dk tu dqujpc ld nþaputc, kugd c ljspcsjtjvc mf mrnijvc qud
jktderds ldgds merdemr ukm nmrítufm qud ljsdýds, lckld adknjckds, mldaís ld tus lmtcs edkdrmfds, df
tdam ld tu prcydntc. Ldspuês, dsnrjgd ukm rdfmnjþk ld fcs prcluntcs qud jktdermk tu pcrtmhcfjc, cremkjzmlm
pcr sdamkm dk fm qud jkljquds? sdamkm, mntjvjlml,
mn tjvjlml, prcluntc y hcramtc dk qud fc prdsdktmstd? Ucrl, Dxndf,
PP\,, dtn., d jknfÿydfm dk ttuu pcrtmhcfjc. Nck fm kmfjlml ld mpcymrfcs dk dstm hmsd, fds ncadktc qud pclrík
PP\
dapfdmr fms kugds ld mfamndkmaj
mfamndkmajdktc
dktc ld Eccefd Lrjvd c Lrcpgcx pmrm ncfcnmr fm dvjldknjm ld su
prcydntc,, msá sd cgtdklrí fm fjem pmrm sdr ncapmrtjlm dk df Prcydntc Hmsd Hjkmf y dk df Hcrc ld
prcydntc
Ncdvmfumnjþk.
Ncapmrtc nck ustdlds ukcs tutcrjmfds dk fcs numfds sd msdscrm pmrm sugjr mrnijvcs dk Lrjvd y Lrcpgcx?
ittps?/
ittps?//ycutu.gd/ok<pM9ok8gw
/ycutu.gd/ok<pM9ok8gw
ittps?/
ittps?//ycutu.gd/7ugFcnCxqYw
/ycutu.gd/7ugFcnCxqYw
ö Hcrc pmrm ncdvmfumnjþk? Ncapmrtmacs kudstrc prcydntc? Dstd hcrc ds pmrm fm ncdvmfumnjþk, df numf ds
uk prcndsc qud ncksjstd dk fm rdtrcmfjadktmnjþk ldf ldsdapdýc dktrd pmrds, ds ldnjr, ld uk dstuljmktd m
ctrc, y tjdkd ncac kmfjlml jldktjnmr y ncapmrtjr jkhcramnjþk pmrm rdtrcmfjadktmr df prcydntc ld ctrcs
ncapmýdrcs. Pmrm pmrtjnjpmr dk dstd hcrc, ds kdndsmrjc qud jktderds y ncapmrtms tu pcrtmhcfjc
pcr tmhcfjc mktds ldf
amrtds 05 ld sdptjdagrd ld 707=, lmlc qud df lám ajêrncfds 09 m adljc lám pugfjnmrê pmrm su ncksuftm, fm
fjstm ld pmrdoms lckld pclrík vjsumfjzmr qujdk sdrí su pmrdom dk dstd prcndsc ld ncdvmfumnjþk.
ncdvmfumnjþk.
Prjadrmadktd, ldgds, jktdermr mf hcrc tu prcydntc kmf y dxprdsmr mfeÿk prcgfdam c sjtumnjþk m fm qud td
dkhrdktmstd lurmktd fm dfmgcrmnjþk ld fms 8 prjadrms hmsds ld tu prcydntc, dksdeujlm ldgds, rdvjsmr fm tmgfm
ld ncdvmfumnjþk lckld pclrís vdr m qujdk ldgds rdtrcmfjadktmr, pmrm dffc, fdd y mkmfjzm nck
n ck mtdknjþk fms
hmsds ldf prcydntc ld tu ncapmýdrc msjekmlc. Pcstdrjcradktd, dk df adksmod crjejkmf ldf ncap
ncapmýdrc
mýdrc mf
qud dvmfumstd, m amkdrm ld rêpfjnm, dkvám ukm rdtrcmfjadktmnjþk nckstruntjvm y rdspdtucsm dk fm qud
jknfuyms mqudffcs mspdntcs pcsjtjvcs ld su prcydntc, mfeukm suedrdknjm ld adocrm y ncadktmrjcs rdspdntc
m su mpcrtmnjþk dk df hcrc. Hjkmfadktd, dsnrjgd ukm ncknfusjþk dk fm qud dxpfjquds quê vdktmoms tjdkd df
rdmfjzmr uk dodrnjnjc ld ncdvmfumnjþk ncac df qud rdmfjzmstd dk dstd hcrc.
ö Mtdkldr fm sdsjþk sáknrckm fm numf sd ffdvmrí mnmgc df lám ld amýmkm, amrtds 05 ld sdptjdagrd ldf 707=
m fms :?00 pa, icrm ldf ndktrc ld Aêxjnc. Fds ldoc df fjkb ld mnndsc m fm ajsam, fcs dspdrc?
ittps?//ycutu.gd/jFl<ffk-AXn
Ds japcrtmktd rdncrlmrfds qud df prcydntc hmsd kmf, ds ldnjr fm jktdermnjþk ld tu prcydntc ldgd ncknfujrsd,
mncdvmfumnjþk.
aís tmrlmr, dfLdgdrís
amrtds ncapmrtjr
05 ld sdptjdagrd
sdp tjdagrd ld 707=,
tu prcydntc nck tupudstc qud ds
hmnjfjtmlcr dkukm mntjvjlmlmntjvjlml
df mpmrtmlc qud dstíprcydntc
fjemlm mfkmf
hcrcyld
ldgdrís pugfjnmrfc tmagjêk dk df hcrc ld ncdvmfumnjþk.
KC\M? df lám ajêrncfds 05 ld sdptjdagrd m adljc lám fds pugfjnmrê dk hcrc ld kcvdlmlds y hcrc ld
ncdvmfumnjþk fm tmgfm lckld pclrík rdvjsmr qud ncapmýdrc fds tcnc pmrm imndr df dodrnjnjc ld
ncdvmfumnjþk
ncdvmfumnjþk pmrm qud rdvjsdk su prcydntc y pudlmk msá prcndldr m fm ncdvmfumnjþk.
ncdvmfumnjþk. Ds pcr dffc qud fds
imec ijknmpjê m qud pugfjqudk su prcydntc m aís tmrlmr df amrtds y pudlmk msá imndr fm mntjvjlml.
Fds rdnudrlc qud fm pfmtmhcram pmrm sdamkm < njdrrm df lcajkec =7 ld sdptjdagrd m fms ==?44 pa. Ld
jeumf hcram df hcrc njdrrm m dsm icrm.
Dk fms mntjvjlmlds qud amklmk, tjdkdk fm cgfjemnjþk ld njtmr y imndr rdhdrdknjm m fms hudktds ld ncksuftm,
ld kc sdr msá sd pudld tcamr ncac pfmejc. \magjêk ldgdk lmr hcramtc y dstjfc m sus mntjvjlmlds ncac sd
suejdrd dk nmlm mntjvjlml y sugjr m pfmtmhcram fcs lcnuadktcs dk fcs hcramtcs qud sd scfjnjtmk y nck fm
kcadknfmturm qud sd pjld.
Pcr ÿftjac, ncac ym smgdk tdkdacs dk fm pfmtmhcram df usc ld fcs hcrcs ld mpcyc (scnjmf y lulms
mnmlêajnms), msá ncac df hcrc Kcvdlmlds, lckld sd dkvjmrí jkhcramnjþk japcrtmktd ldf nursc, df
adksmodrc y df ncrrdc ld su sdrvjlcr dnmklcr@ictamjf.nca
^jk aís pcr df acadktc, ad ldspjlc ldsdíklcfds fc adocr dk dstm sdamkm qud jkjnjmacs y dspdrmklc
tclcs fcerdk ncknfujrfm nck êxjtc. Numfqujdr lulm dstcy m sus þrldkds. Dstmacs ym dk fm dtmp
dtmpmm kmf, êxjtc m
tclcs.
^mfulcs vjrtumfds.
Erupc A77N>E=9-GG-07<
Icfm gudkms tmrlds dstjamlcs mfuakcs y mfuakms, fm sdamkm > ncknfuyþ df lám ld mydr2 ermnjms pcr sus
dktrdems dk tjdapc y hcram y pcr ncapmrtjr y mprdkldr ouktcs. Pmrm aá ncac su hmnjfjtmlcr im sjlc auy
smtjshmntcrjc mpcymrfcs y trmgmomr ld fm amkc nck tclcs ustdlds.
Ds japcrtmktd adknjckmrfds qud dstm sdamkm ncaprdkld ldf fukds 08 mf lcajkec =7 ld sdptjdagrd ldf
707= y fms mntjvjlmlds m rdmfjzmr sck fms sjeujdktds?
ö Wdnurscs? prjadrmadktd, ldgdk rdvjsmr fcs rdnurscs ld fm sdamkm qud kcs chrdnd fm pfmtmhcram, rdvjsmr
fms mntjvjlmlds ld fm ukjlml y cremkjzmr fm sdamkm, pfmkdmklc fcs tjdapcs ld dstuljc y dspmnjcs pmrm
trmgmomr kudstrms mntjvjlmlds hmsd 5 y hmsd kmf, mtdkldr df hcrc ld ncdvmfumnjþk, y fm sdsjþk sáknrckm.
ö Prcydntc. Hmsd kmf. Micrm qud ym nudktms nck uk prcydntc dsgczmlc dk sus dtmpms aís japcrtmktds
(ljmekþstjnc, ncktdxtumfjzmnjþk y pfmkjnmnjþk), ds acadktc qud jktderds dk tu pcrtmhcfjc ld mprdkljzmod.
Dk dstm hmsd ldgdrís, rdncpjfmr tus prcluntcs
p rcluntcs ld fms hmsds = m fm 8 ld fms mntjvjlmlds qud rdmfjzmstd lurmktd
df aþlufc 77 d jktdermr uk mrnijvc dfdntrþkjnc
dfdn trþkjnc dk tu dqujpc ld nþaputc, kugd c ljspcsjtjvc mf mrnijvc qud
jktderds ldgds merdemr ukm nmrítufm qud ljsdýds, lckld adknjckds, mldaís ld tus lmtcs edkdrmfds, df
tdam ld tu prcydntc. Ldspuês, dsnrjgd ukm rdfmnjþk ld fcs prcluntcs qud jktdermk tu pcrtmhcfjc, cremkjzmlm
pcr sdamkm dk fm qud jkljquds? sdamkm, mntjvjlml,
mn tjvjlml, prcluntc y hcramtc dk qud fc prdsdktmstd? Ucrl, Dxndf,
PP\,, dtn., d jknfÿydfm dk ttuu pcrtmhcfjc. Nck fm kmfjlml ld mpcymrfcs dk dstm hmsd, fds ncadktc qud pclrík
PP\
dapfdmr fms kugds ld mfamndkmaj
mfamndkmajdktc
dktc ld Eccefd Lrjvd c Lrcpgcx pmrm ncfcnmr fm dvjldknjm ld su
prcydntc,, msá sd cgtdklrí fm fjem pmrm sdr ncapmrtjlm dk df Prcydntc Hmsd Hjkmf y dk df Hcrc ld
prcydntc
Ncdvmfumnjþk.
Ncapmrtc nck ustdlds ukcs tutcrjmfds dk fcs numfds sd msdscrm pmrm sugjr mrnijvcs dk Lrjvd y Lrcpgcx?
ittps?/
ittps?//ycutu.gd/7ugFcnCxqYw
/ycutu.gd/7ugFcnCxqYw
ö Hcrc pmrm ncdvmfumnjþk? Ncapmrtmacs kudstrc prcydntc? Dstd hcrc ds pmrm fm ncdvmfumnjþk, df numf ds
uk prcndsc qud ncksjstd dk fm rdtrcmfjadktmnjþk ldf ldsdapdýc dktrd pmrds, ds ldnjr, ld uk dstuljmktd m
ctrc, y tjdkd ncac kmfjlml jldktjnmr y ncapmrtjr jkhcramnjþk pmrm rdtrcmfjadktmr df prcydntc ld ctrcs
ncapmýdrcs. Pmrm pmrtjnjpmr dk dstd hcrc, ds kdndsmrjc qud jktderds y ncapmrtms tu pcrtmhcfjc
pcr tmhcfjc mktds ldf
amrtds 05 ld sdptjdagrd ld 707=, lmlc qud df lám ajêrncfds 09 m adljc lám pugfjnmrê pmrm su ncksuftm, fm
fjstm ld pmrdoms lckld pclrík vjsumfjzmr qujdk sdrí su pmrdom dk dstd prcndsc ld ncdvmfumnjþk.
ncdvmfumnjþk.
Prjadrmadktd, ldgds,
dkhrdktmstd lurmktd fm jktdermr mf hcrc
dfmgcrmnjþk ld tu
fmsprcydntc kmfhmsds
8 prjadrms y dxprdsmr mfeÿk prcgfdam
ld tu prcydntc, c sjtumnjþk
dksdeujlm m fm qud
ldgds, rdvjsmr fm td
tmgfm
ld ncdvmfumnjþk lckld pclrís vdr m qujdk ldgds rdtrcmfjadktmr, pmrm dffc, fdd y mkmfjzm nck n ck mtdknjþk fms
hmsds ldf prcydntc ld tu ncapmýdrc msjekmlc. Pcstdrjcradktd, dk df adksmod crjejkmf ldf ncap ncapmýdrc
mýdrc mf
qud dvmfumstd, m amkdrm ld rêpfjnm, dkvám ukm rdtrcmfjadktmnjþk nckstruntjvm y rdspdtucsm dk fm qud
jknfuyms mqudffcs mspdntcs pcsjtjvcs ld su prcydntc, mfeukm suedrdknjm ld adocrm y ncadktmrjcs rdspdntc
m su mpcrtmnjþk dk df hcrc. Hjkmfadktd, dsnrjgd ukm ncknfusjþk dk fm qud dxpfjquds quê vdktmoms tjdkd df
rdmfjzmr uk dodrnjnjc ld ncdvmfumnjþk ncac df qud rdmfjzmstd dk dstd hcrc.
ö Mtdkldr fm sdsjþk sáknrckm fm numf sd ffdvmrí mnmgc df lám ld amýmkm, amrtds 05 ld sdptjdagrd ldf 707=
m fms :?00 pa, icrm ldf ndktrc ld Aêxjnc. Fds ldoc df fjkb ld mnndsc m fm ajsam, fcs dspdrc?
ittps?//ycutu.gd/jFl<ffk-AXn
Ds japcrtmktd rdncrlmrfds qud df prcydntc hmsd kmf, ds ldnjr fm jktdermnjþk ld tu prcydntc ldgd ncknfujrsd,
m aís tmrlmr, df amrtds 05 ld sdptjdagrd
sdp tjdagrd ld 707=, pudstc qud ds ukm mntjvjlml qud dstí fjemlm mf hcrc ld
ncdvmfumnjþk. Ldgdrís ncapmrtjr tu prcydntc nck tu hmnjfjtmlcr dk df mpmrtmlc mntjvjlml prcydntc kmf y
ldgdrís pugfjnmrfc tmagjêk dk df hcrc ld ncdvmfumnjþk.
KC\M? df lám ajêrncfds 05 ld sdptjdagrd m adljc lám fds pugfjnmrê dk hcrc ld kcvdlmlds y hcrc ld
ncdvmfumnjþk fm tmgfm lckld pclrík rdvjsmr qud ncapmýdrc fds tcnc pmrm imndr df dodrnjnjc ld
ncdvmfumnjþk
ncdvmfumnjþk pmrm qud rdvjsdk su prcydntc y pudlmk msá prcndldr m fm ncdvmfumnjþk.
ncdvmfumnjþk. Ds pcr dffc qud fds
imec ijknmpjê m qud pugfjqudk su prcydntc m aís tmrlmr df amrtds y pudlmk msá imndr fm mntjvjlml.
Fds rdnudrlc qud fm pfmtmhcram pmrm sdamkm < njdrrm df lcajkec =7 ld sdptjdagrd m fms ==?44 pa. Ld
jeumf hcram df hcrc njdrrm m dsm icrm.
Dk fms mntjvjlmlds qud amklmk, tjdkdk fm cgfjemnjþk ld njtmr y imndr rdhdrdknjm m fms hudktds ld ncksuftm,
ld kc sdr msá sd pudld tcamr ncac pfmejc. \magjêk ldgdk lmr hcramtc y dstjfc m sus mntjvjlmlds ncac sd
suejdrd dk nmlm mntjvjlml y sugjr m pfmtmhcram fcs lcnuadktcs dk fcs hcramtcs qud sd scfjnjtmk y nck fm
kcadknfmturm qud sd pjld.
Pcr ÿftjac, ncac ym smgdk tdkdacs dk fm pfmtmhcram df usc ld fcs hcrcs ld mpcyc (scnjmf y lulms
mnmlêajnms), msá ncac df hcrc Kcvdlmlds, lckld sd dkvjmrí jkhcramnjþk japcrtmktd ldf nursc, df
adksmodrc y df ncrrdc ld su sdrvjlcr dnmklcr@ictamjf.nca
^jk aís pcr df acadktc, ad ldspjlc ldsdíklcfds fc adocr dk dstm sdamkm qud jkjnjmacs y dspdrmklc
tclcs fcerdk ncknfujrfm nck êxjtc. Numfqujdr lulm dstcy m sus þrldkds. Dstmacs ym dk fm dtmp
dtmpmm kmf, êxjtc m
tclcs.
^mfulcs vjrtumfds.
Erupc A77N>E=9-GG-07<
Aþlufc 77. \dnkcfceáms dadredktds pmrm fm rdscfunjþk ld prcgfdams.
Icfm gudkms tmrlds dstjamlcs mfuakcs y mfuakms, fm sdamkm > ncknfuyþ df lám ld mydr2 ermnjms pcr sus
dktrdems dk tjdapc y hcram y pcr ncapmrtjr y mprdkldr ouktcs. Pmrm aá ncac su hmnjfjtmlcr im sjlc auy
smtjshmntcrjc mpcymrfcs y trmgmomr ld fm amkc nck tclcs ustdlds.
Ds japcrtmktd adknjckmrfds qud dstm sdamkm ncaprdkld ldf fukds 08 mf lcajkec =7 ld sdptjdagrd ldf
707= y fms mntjvjlmlds m rdmfjzmr sck fms sjeujdktds?
ö Wdnurscs? prjadrmadktd, ldgdk rdvjsmr fcs rdnurscs ld fm sdamkm qud kcs chrdnd fm pfmtmhcram, rdvjsmr
fms mntjvjlmlds ld fm ukjlml y cremkjzmr fm sdamkm, pfmkdmklc fcs tjdapcs ld dstuljc y dspmnjcs pmrm
trmgmomr kudstrms mntjvjlmlds hmsd 5 y hmsd kmf, mtdkldr df hcrc ld ncdvmfumnjþk, y fm sdsjþk sáknrckm.
prcpudstm pmrm adocrmrfc. Pmrm dffc, ldgds rdncpjfmr fms mntjvjlmlds qud ims rdmfjzmlc m fc fmrec ldf aþlufc
77, rdmfjzm df mkífjsjs y fm rddxjþk scgrd fcs prjknjpmfds puktcs y pfísamfc dk ukm tmgfm. Micrm, m pmrtjr ldf
ffdkmlc ld tu tmgfm dfmgcrm ukm ncknfusjþk dk fm qud rdspcklms m fms sjeujdktds prdeuktms suedrjlms.
ö Prcydntc. Hmsd kmf. Micrm qud ym nudktms nck uk prcydntc dsgczmlc dk sus dtmpms aís japcrtmktds
(ljmekþstjnc, ncktdxtumfjzmnjþk y pfmkjnmnjþk), ds acadktc qud jktderds dk tu pcrtmhcfjc ld mprdkljzmod.
Dk dstm hmsd ldgdrís, rdncpjfmr tus prcluntcs
p rcluntcs ld fms hmsds = m fm 8 ld fms mntjvjlmlds qud rdmfjzmstd lurmktd
df aþlufc 77 d jktdermr uk mrnijvc dfdntrþkjnc
dfdn trþkjnc dk tu dqujpc ld nþaputc, kugd c ljspcsjtjvc mf mrnijvc qud
jktderds ldgds merdemr ukm nmrítufm qud ljsdýds, lckld adknjckds, mldaís ld tus lmtcs edkdrmfds, df
tdam ld tu prcydntc. Ldspuês, dsnrjgd ukm rdfmnjþk ld fcs prcluntcs qud jktdermk tu pcrtmhcfjc, cremkjzmlm
pcr sdamkm dk fm qud jkljquds? sdamkm, mntjvjlml,
mn tjvjlml, prcluntc y hcramtc dk qud fc prdsdktmstd? Ucrl, Dxndf,
PP\,, dtn., d jknfÿydfm dk ttuu pcrtmhcfjc. Nck fm kmfjlml ld mpcymrfcs dk dstm hmsd, fds ncadktc qud pclrík
PP\
dapfdmr fms kugds ld mfamndkmaj
mfamndkmajdktc
dktc ld Eccefd Lrjvd c Lrcpgcx pmrm ncfcnmr fm dvjldknjm ld su
prcydntc,, msá sd cgtdklrí fm fjem pmrm sdr ncapmrtjlm dk df Prcydntc Hmsd Hjkmf y dk df Hcrc ld
prcydntc
Ncdvmfumnjþk.
Ncapmrtc nck ustdlds ukcs tutcrjmfds dk fcs numfds sd msdscrm pmrm sugjr mrnijvcs dk Lrjvd y Lrcpgcx?
ittps?/
ittps?//ycutu.gd/ok<pM9ok8gw
/ycutu.gd/ok<pM9ok8gw
ittps?/
ittps?//ycutu.gd/7ugFcnCxqYw
/ycutu.gd/7ugFcnCxqYw
ö Hcrc pmrm ncdvmfumnjþk? Ncapmrtmacs kudstrc prcydntc? Dstd hcrc ds pmrm fm ncdvmfumnjþk, df numf ds
uk prcndsc qud ncksjstd dk fm rdtrcmfjadktmnjþk ldf ldsdapdýc dktrd pmrds, ds ldnjr, ld uk dstuljmktd m
ctrc, y tjdkd ncac kmfjlml jldktjnmr y ncapmrtjr jkhcramnjþk pmrm rdtrcmfjadktmr df prcydntc ld ctrcs
ncapmýdrcs. Pmrm pmrtjnjpmr dk dstd hcrc, ds kdndsmrjc qud jktderds y ncapmrtms tu pcrtmhcfjc
pcr tmhcfjc mktds ldf
amrtds 05 ld sdptjdagrd ld 707=, lmlc qud df lám ajêrncfds 09 m adljc lám pugfjnmrê pmrm su ncksuftm, fm
fjstm ld pmrdoms lckld pclrík vjsumfjzmr qujdk sdrí su pmrdom dk dstd prcndsc ld ncdvmfumnjþk.
ncdvmfumnjþk.
Prjadrmadktd, ldgds, jktdermr mf hcrc tu prcydntc kmf y dxprdsmr mfeÿk prcgfdam c sjtumnjþk m fm qud td
dkhrdktmstd lurmktd fm dfmgcrmnjþk ld fms 8 prjadrms hmsds ld tu prcydntc, dksdeujlm ldgds, rdvjsmr fm tmgfm
ld ncdvmfumnjþk lckld pclrís vdr m qujdk ldgds rdtrcmfjadktmr, pmrm dffc, fdd y mkmfjzm nck
n ck mtdknjþk fms
hmsds ldf prcydntc ld tu ncapmýdrc msjekmlc. Pcstdrjcradktd, dk df adksmod crjejkmf ldf ncap
ncapmýdrc
mýdrc mf
qud dvmfumstd, m amkdrm ld rêpfjnm, dkvám ukm rdtrcmfjadktmnjþk nckstruntjvm y rdspdtucsm dk fm qud
jknfuyms mqudffcs mspdntcs pcsjtjvcs ld su prcydntc, mfeukm suedrdknjm ld adocrm y ncadktmrjcs rdspdntc
m su mpcrtmnjþk dk df hcrc. Hjkmfadktd, dsnrjgd ukm ncknfusjþk dk fm qud dxpfjquds quê vdktmoms tjdkd df
rdmfjzmr uk dodrnjnjc ld ncdvmfumnjþk ncac df qud rdmfjzmstd dk dstd hcrc.
ö Mtdkldr fm sdsjþk sáknrckm fm numf sd ffdvmrí mnmgc df lám ld amýmkm, amrtds 05 ld sdptjdagrd ldf 707=
m fms :?00 pa, icrm ldf ndktrc ld Aêxjnc. Fds ldoc df fjkb ld mnndsc m fm ajsam, fcs dspdrc?
ittps?//ycutu.gd/jFl<ffk-AXn
Ds japcrtmktd rdncrlmrfds qud df prcydntc hmsd kmf, ds ldnjr fm jktdermnjþk ld tu prcydntc ldgd ncknfujrsd,
m aís tmrlmr, df amrtds 05 ld sdptjdagrd
sdp tjdagrd ld 707=, pudstc qud ds ukm mntjvjlml qud dstí fjemlm mf hcrc ld
ncdvmfumnjþk. Ldgdrís ncapmrtjr tu prcydntc nck tu hmnjfjtmlcr dk df mpmrtmlc mntjvjlml prcydntc kmf y
ldgdrís pugfjnmrfc tmagjêk dk df hcrc ld ncdvmfumnjþk.
KC\M? df lám ajêrncfds 05 ld sdptjdagrd m adljc lám fds pugfjnmrê dk hcrc ld kcvdlmlds y hcrc ld
ncdvmfumnjþk fm tmgfm lckld pclrík rdvjsmr qud ncapmýdrc fds tcnc pmrm imndr df dodrnjnjc ld
ncdvmfumnjþk
ncdvmfumnjþk pmrm qud rdvjsdk su prcydntc y pudlmk msá prcndldr m fm ncdvmfumnjþk.
ncdvmfumnjþk. Ds pcr dffc qud fds
imec ijknmpjê m qud pugfjqudk su prcydntc m aís tmrlmr df amrtds y pudlmk msá imndr fm mntjvjlml.
Fds rdnudrlc qud fm pfmtmhcram pmrm sdamkm < njdrrm df lcajkec =7 ld sdptjdagrd m fms ==?44 pa. Ld
jeumf hcram df hcrc njdrrm m dsm icrm.
Dk fms mntjvjlmlds qud amklmk, tjdkdk fm cgfjemnjþk ld njtmr y imndr rdhdrdknjm m fms hudktds ld ncksuftm,
ld kc sdr msá sd pudld tcamr ncac pfmejc. \magjêk ldgdk lmr hcramtc y dstjfc m sus mntjvjlmlds ncac sd
suejdrd dk nmlm mntjvjlml y sugjr m pfmtmhcram fcs lcnuadktcs dk fcs hcramtcs qud sd scfjnjtmk y nck fm
kcadknfmturm qud sd pjld.
^jk aís pcr df acadktc, ad ldspjlc ldsdíklcfds fc adocr dk dstm sdamkm qud jkjnjmacs y dspdrmklc
tclcs fcerdk ncknfujrfm nck êxjtc. Numfqujdr lulm dstcy m sus þrldkds. Dstmacs ym dk fm dtmp
dtmpmm kmf, êxjtc m
tclcs.
^mfulcs vjrtumfds.
Erupc A77N>E=9-GG-07<
Icfm gudkms tmrlds dstjamlcs mfuakcs y mfuakms, fm sdamkm > ncknfuyþ df lám ld mydr2 ermnjms pcr sus
dktrdems dk tjdapc y hcram y pcr ncapmrtjr y mprdkldr ouktcs. Pmrm aá ncac su hmnjfjtmlcr im sjlc auy
smtjshmntcrjc mpcymrfcs y trmgmomr ld fm amkc nck tclcs ustdlds.
Ds japcrtmktd adknjckmrfds qud dstm sdamkm ncaprdkld ldf fukds 08 mf lcajkec =7 ld sdptjdagrd ldf
707= y fms mntjvjlmlds m rdmfjzmr sck fms sjeujdktds?
ö Wdnurscs? prjadrmadktd, ldgdk rdvjsmr fcs rdnurscs ld fm sdamkm qud kcs chrdnd fm pfmtmhcram, rdvjsmr
fms mntjvjlmlds ld fm ukjlml y cremkjzmr fm sdamkm, pfmkdmklc fcs tjdapcs ld dstuljc y dspmnjcs pmrm
trmgmomr kudstrms mntjvjlmlds hmsd 5 y hmsd kmf, mtdkldr df hcrc ld ncdvmfumnjþk, y fm sdsjþk sáknrckm.
mldaís
prcpudstm ldpmrm
qud adocrmrfc.
rddxjckmrís scgrd
Pmrm dffc, mqudffcs nmagjcs
ldgds rdncpjfmr fmsqud ims dfmgcrmlc
mntjvjlmlds c prdtdklds
qud ims rdmfjzmlc dfmgcrmr
m fc fmrecy ldf
nuífaþlufc
ds fm
77, rdmfjzm df mkífjsjs y fm rddxjþk scgrd fcs prjknjpmfds puktcs y pfísamfc dk ukm tmgfm. Micrm, m pmrtjr ldf
ffdkmlc ld tu tmgfm dfmgcrm ukm ncknfusjþk dk fm qud rdspcklms m fms sjeujdktds prdeuktms suedrjlms.
ö Prcydntc. Hmsd kmf. Micrm qud ym nudktms nck uk prcydntc dsgczmlc dk sus dtmpms aís japcrtmktds
(ljmekþstjnc, ncktdxtumfjzmnjþk y pfmkjnmnjþk), ds acadktc qud jktderds dk tu pcrtmhcfjc ld mprdkljzmod.
Dk dstm hmsd ldgdrís, rdncpjfmr tus prcluntcs
p rcluntcs ld fms hmsds = m fm 8 ld fms mntjvjlmlds qud rdmfjzmstd lurmktd
df aþlufc 77 d jktdermr uk mrnijvc dfdntrþkjnc
dfdn trþkjnc dk tu dqujpc ld nþaputc, kugd c ljspcsjtjvc mf mrnijvc qud
jktderds ldgds merdemr ukm nmrítufm qud ljsdýds, lckld adknjckds, mldaís ld tus lmtcs edkdrmfds, df
tdam ld tu prcydntc. Ldspuês, dsnrjgd ukm rdfmnjþk ld fcs prcluntcs qud jktdermk tu pcrtmhcfjc, cremkjzmlm
pcr sdamkm dk fm qud jkljquds? sdamkm, mntjvjlml,
mn tjvjlml, prcluntc y hcramtc dk qud fc prdsdktmstd? Ucrl, Dxndf,
PP\,, dtn., d jknfÿydfm dk ttuu pcrtmhcfjc. Nck fm kmfjlml ld mpcymrfcs dk dstm hmsd, fds ncadktc qud pclrík
PP\
dapfdmr fms kugds ld mfamndkmaj
mfamndkmajdktc
dktc ld Eccefd Lrjvd c Lrcpgcx pmrm ncfcnmr fm dvjldknjm ld su
prcydntc,, msá sd cgtdklrí fm fjem pmrm sdr ncapmrtjlm dk df Prcydntc Hmsd Hjkmf y dk df Hcrc ld
prcydntc
Ncdvmfumnjþk.
Ncapmrtc nck ustdlds ukcs tutcrjmfds dk fcs numfds sd msdscrm pmrm sugjr mrnijvcs dk Lrjvd y Lrcpgcx?
ittps?/
ittps?//ycutu.gd/ok<pM9ok8gw
/ycutu.gd/ok<pM9ok8gw
ittps?/
ittps?//ycutu.gd/7ugFcnCxqYw
/ycutu.gd/7ugFcnCxqYw
ö Hcrc pmrm ncdvmfumnjþk? Ncapmrtmacs kudstrc prcydntc? Dstd hcrc ds pmrm fm ncdvmfumnjþk, df numf ds
uk prcndsc qud ncksjstd dk fm rdtrcmfjadktmnjþk ldf ldsdapdýc dktrd pmrds, ds ldnjr, ld uk dstuljmktd m
ctrc, y tjdkd ncac kmfjlml jldktjnmr y ncapmrtjr jkhcramnjþk pmrm rdtrcmfjadktmr df prcydntc ld ctrcs
ncapmýdrcs. Pmrm pmrtjnjpmr dk dstd hcrc, ds kdndsmrjc qud jktderds y ncapmrtms tu pcrtmhcfjc
pcr tmhcfjc mktds ldf
amrtds 05 ld sdptjdagrd ld 707=, lmlc qud df lám ajêrncfds 09 m adljc lám pugfjnmrê pmrm su ncksuftm, fm
fjstm ld pmrdoms lckld pclrík vjsumfjzmr qujdk sdrí su pmrdom dk dstd prcndsc ld ncdvmfumnjþk.
ncdvmfumnjþk.
Prjadrmadktd, ldgds, jktdermr mf hcrc tu prcydntc kmf y dxprdsmr mfeÿk prcgfdam c sjtumnjþk m fm qud td
dkhrdktmstd lurmktd fm dfmgcrmnjþk ld fms 8 prjadrms hmsds ld tu prcydntc, dksdeujlm ldgds, rdvjsmr fm tmgfm
ld ncdvmfumnjþk lckld pclrís vdr m qujdk ldgds rdtrcmfjadktmr, pmrm dffc, fdd y mkmfjzm nck
n ck mtdknjþk fms
hmsds ldf prcydntc ld tu ncapmýdrc msjekmlc. Pcstdrjcradktd, dk df adksmod crjejkmf ldf ncap
ncapmýdrc
mýdrc mf
qud dvmfumstd, m amkdrm ld rêpfjnm, dkvám ukm rdtrcmfjadktmnjþk nckstruntjvm y rdspdtucsm dk fm qud
jknfuyms mqudffcs mspdntcs pcsjtjvcs ld su prcydntc, mfeukm suedrdknjm ld adocrm y ncadktmrjcs rdspdntc
m su mpcrtmnjþk dk df hcrc. Hjkmfadktd, dsnrjgd ukm ncknfusjþk dk fm qud dxpfjquds quê vdktmoms tjdkd df
rdmfjzmr uk dodrnjnjc ld ncdvmfumnjþk ncac df qud rdmfjzmstd dk dstd hcrc.
ö Mtdkldr fm sdsjþk sáknrckm fm numf sd ffdvmrí mnmgc df lám ld amýmkm, amrtds 05 ld sdptjdagrd ldf 707=
m fms :?00 pa, icrm ldf ndktrc ld Aêxjnc. Fds ldoc df fjkb ld mnndsc m fm ajsam, fcs dspdrc?
ittps?//ycutu.gd/jFl<ffk-AXn
Ds japcrtmktd rdncrlmrfds qud df prcydntc hmsd kmf, ds ldnjr fm jktdermnjþk ld tu prcydntc ldgd ncknfujrsd,
mncdvmfumnjþk.
aís tmrlmr, dfLdgdrís
amrtds ncapmrtjr
05 ld sdptjdagrd
sdp tjdagrd ld 707=,
tu prcydntc nck tupudstc qud ds
hmnjfjtmlcr dkukm mntjvjlmlmntjvjlml
df mpmrtmlc qud dstíprcydntc
fjemlm mfkmf
hcrcyld
ldgdrís pugfjnmrfc tmagjêk dk df hcrc ld ncdvmfumnjþk.
KC\M? df lám ajêrncfds 05 ld sdptjdagrd m adljc lám fds pugfjnmrê dk hcrc ld kcvdlmlds y hcrc ld
ncdvmfumnjþk fm tmgfm lckld pclrík rdvjsmr qud ncapmýdrc fds tcnc pmrm imndr df dodrnjnjc ld
ncdvmfumnjþk
ncdvmfumnjþk pmrm qud rdvjsdk su prcydntc y pudlmk msá prcndldr m fm ncdvmfumnjþk.
ncdvmfumnjþk. Ds pcr dffc qud fds
imec ijknmpjê m qud pugfjqudk su prcydntc m aís tmrlmr df amrtds y pudlmk msá imndr fm mntjvjlml.
Fds rdnudrlc qud fm pfmtmhcram pmrm sdamkm < njdrrm df lcajkec =7 ld sdptjdagrd m fms ==?44 pa. Ld
jeumf hcram df hcrc njdrrm m dsm icrm.
Dk fms mntjvjlmlds qud amklmk, tjdkdk fm cgfjemnjþk ld njtmr y imndr rdhdrdknjm m fms hudktds ld ncksuftm,
ld kc sdr msá sd pudld tcamr ncac pfmejc. \magjêk ldgdk lmr hcramtc y dstjfc m sus mntjvjlmlds ncac sd
suejdrd dk nmlm mntjvjlml y sugjr m pfmtmhcram fcs lcnuadktcs dk fcs hcramtcs qud sd scfjnjtmk y nck fm
kcadknfmturm qud sd pjld.
Pcr ÿftjac, ncac ym smgdk tdkdacs dk fm pfmtmhcram df usc ld fcs hcrcs ld mpcyc (scnjmf y lulms
mnmlêajnms), msá ncac df hcrc Kcvdlmlds, lckld sd dkvjmrí jkhcramnjþk japcrtmktd ldf nursc, df
adksmodrc y df ncrrdc ld su sdrvjlcr dnmklcr@ictamjf.nca
^jk aís pcr df acadktc, ad ldspjlc ldsdíklcfds fc adocr dk dstm sdamkm qud jkjnjmacs y dspdrmklc
tclcs fcerdk ncknfujrfm nck êxjtc. Numfqujdr lulm dstcy m sus þrldkds. Dstmacs ym dk fm dtmp
dtmpmm kmf, êxjtc m
tclcs.
^mfulcs vjrtumfds.
Erupc A77N>E=9-GG-07<
Icfm gudkms tmrlds dstjamlcs mfuakcs y mfuakms, fm sdamkm > ncknfuyþ df lám ld mydr2 ermnjms pcr sus
dktrdems dk tjdapc y hcram y pcr ncapmrtjr y mprdkldr ouktcs. Pmrm aá ncac su hmnjfjtmlcr im sjlc auy
smtjshmntcrjc mpcymrfcs y trmgmomr ld fm amkc nck tclcs ustdlds.
Ds japcrtmktd adknjckmrfds qud dstm sdamkm ncaprdkld ldf fukds 08 mf lcajkec =7 ld sdptjdagrd ldf
707= y fms mntjvjlmlds m rdmfjzmr sck fms sjeujdktds?
ö Wdnurscs? prjadrmadktd, ldgdk rdvjsmr fcs rdnurscs ld fm sdamkm qud kcs chrdnd fm pfmtmhcram, rdvjsmr
fms mntjvjlmlds ld fm ukjlml y cremkjzmr fm sdamkm, pfmkdmklc fcs tjdapcs ld dstuljc y dspmnjcs pmrm
trmgmomr kudstrms mntjvjlmlds hmsd 5 y hmsd kmf, mtdkldr df hcrc ld ncdvmfumnjþk, y fm sdsjþk sáknrckm.
ö Prcydntc. Hmsd kmf. Micrm qud ym nudktms nck uk prcydntc dsgczmlc dk sus dtmpms aís japcrtmktds
(ljmekþstjnc, ncktdxtumfjzmnjþk y pfmkjnmnjþk), ds acadktc qud jktderds dk tu pcrtmhcfjc ld mprdkljzmod.
Dk dstm hmsd ldgdrís, rdncpjfmr tus prcluntcs
p rcluntcs ld fms hmsds = m fm 8 ld fms mntjvjlmlds qud rdmfjzmstd lurmktd
df aþlufc 77 d jktdermr uk mrnijvc dfdntrþkjnc
dfdn trþkjnc dk tu dqujpc ld nþaputc, kugd c ljspcsjtjvc mf mrnijvc qud
jktderds ldgds merdemr ukm nmrítufm qud ljsdýds, lckld adknjckds, mldaís ld tus lmtcs edkdrmfds, df
tdam ld tu prcydntc. Ldspuês, dsnrjgd ukm rdfmnjþk ld fcs prcluntcs qud jktdermk tu pcrtmhcfjc, cremkjzmlm
pcr sdamkm dk fm qud jkljquds? sdamkm, mntjvjlml,
mn tjvjlml, prcluntc y hcramtc dk qud fc prdsdktmstd? Ucrl, Dxndf,
PP\,, dtn., d jknfÿydfm dk ttuu pcrtmhcfjc. Nck fm kmfjlml ld mpcymrfcs dk dstm hmsd, fds ncadktc qud pclrík
PP\
dapfdmr fms kugds ld mfamndkmaj
mfamndkmajdktc
dktc ld Eccefd Lrjvd c Lrcpgcx pmrm ncfcnmr fm dvjldknjm ld su
prcydntc,, msá sd cgtdklrí fm fjem pmrm sdr ncapmrtjlm dk df Prcydntc Hmsd Hjkmf y dk df Hcrc ld
prcydntc
Ncdvmfumnjþk.
Ncapmrtc nck ustdlds ukcs tutcrjmfds dk fcs numfds sd msdscrm pmrm sugjr mrnijvcs dk Lrjvd y Lrcpgcx?
ittps?/
ittps?//ycutu.gd/7ugFcnCxqYw
/ycutu.gd/7ugFcnCxqYw
ö Hcrc pmrm ncdvmfumnjþk? Ncapmrtmacs kudstrc prcydntc? Dstd hcrc ds pmrm fm ncdvmfumnjþk, df numf ds
uk prcndsc qud ncksjstd dk fm rdtrcmfjadktmnjþk ldf ldsdapdýc dktrd pmrds, ds ldnjr, ld uk dstuljmktd m
ctrc, y tjdkd ncac kmfjlml jldktjnmr y ncapmrtjr jkhcramnjþk pmrm rdtrcmfjadktmr df prcydntc ld ctrcs
ncapmýdrcs. Pmrm pmrtjnjpmr dk dstd hcrc, ds kdndsmrjc qud jktderds y ncapmrtms tu pcrtmhcfjc
pcr tmhcfjc mktds ldf
amrtds 05 ld sdptjdagrd ld 707=, lmlc qud df lám ajêrncfds 09 m adljc lám pugfjnmrê pmrm su ncksuftm, fm
fjstm ld pmrdoms lckld pclrík vjsumfjzmr qujdk sdrí su pmrdom dk dstd prcndsc ld ncdvmfumnjþk.
ncdvmfumnjþk.
Prjadrmadktd, ldgds, jktdermr mf hcrc tu prcydntc kmf y dxprdsmr mfeÿk prcgfdam c sjtumnjþk m fm qud td
dkhrdktmstd lurmktd fm dfmgcrmnjþk ld fms 8 prjadrms hmsds ld tu prcydntc, dksdeujlm ldgds, rdvjsmr fm tmgfm
ld ncdvmfumnjþk lckld pclrís vdr m qujdk ldgds rdtrcmfjadktmr, pmrm dffc, fdd y mkmfjzm nck
n ck mtdknjþk fms
hmsds ldf prcydntc ld tu ncapmýdrc msjekmlc. Pcstdrjcradktd, dk df adksmod crjejkmf ldf ncap
ncapmýdrc
mýdrc mf
qud dvmfumstd, m amkdrm ld rêpfjnm, dkvám ukm rdtrcmfjadktmnjþk nckstruntjvm y rdspdtucsm dk fm qud
jknfuyms mqudffcs mspdntcs pcsjtjvcs ld su prcydntc, mfeukm suedrdknjm ld adocrm y ncadktmrjcs rdspdntc
m su mpcrtmnjþk dk df hcrc. Hjkmfadktd, dsnrjgd ukm ncknfusjþk dk fm qud dxpfjquds quê vdktmoms tjdkd df
rdmfjzmr uk dodrnjnjc ld ncdvmfumnjþk ncac df qud rdmfjzmstd dk dstd hcrc.
ö Mtdkldr fm sdsjþk sáknrckm fm numf sd ffdvmrí mnmgc df lám ld amýmkm, amrtds 05 ld sdptjdagrd ldf 707=
m fms :?00 pa, icrm ldf ndktrc ld Aêxjnc. Fds ldoc df fjkb ld mnndsc m fm ajsam, fcs dspdrc?
ittps?//ycutu.gd/jFl<ffk-AXn
Ds japcrtmktd rdncrlmrfds qud df prcydntc hmsd kmf, ds ldnjr fm jktdermnjþk ld tu prcydntc ldgd ncknfujrsd,
m aís tmrlmr, df amrtds 05 ld sdptjdagrd
sdp tjdagrd ld 707=, pudstc qud ds ukm mntjvjlml qud dstí fjemlm mf hcrc ld
ncdvmfumnjþk. Ldgdrís ncapmrtjr tu prcydntc nck tu hmnjfjtmlcr dk df mpmrtmlc mntjvjlml prcydntc kmf y
ldgdrís pugfjnmrfc tmagjêk dk df hcrc ld ncdvmfumnjþk.
KC\M? df lám ajêrncfds 05 ld sdptjdagrd m adljc lám fds pugfjnmrê dk hcrc ld kcvdlmlds y hcrc ld
ncdvmfumnjþk fm tmgfm lckld pclrík rdvjsmr qud ncapmýdrc fds tcnc pmrm imndr df dodrnjnjc ld
ncdvmfumnjþk
ncdvmfumnjþk pmrm qud rdvjsdk su prcydntc y pudlmk msá prcndldr m fm ncdvmfumnjþk.
ncdvmfumnjþk. Ds pcr dffc qud fds
imec ijknmpjê m qud pugfjqudk su prcydntc m aís tmrlmr df amrtds y pudlmk msá imndr fm mntjvjlml.
Fds rdnudrlc qud fm pfmtmhcram pmrm sdamkm < njdrrm df lcajkec =7 ld sdptjdagrd m fms ==?44 pa. Ld
jeumf hcram df hcrc njdrrm m dsm icrm.
Dk fms mntjvjlmlds qud amklmk, tjdkdk fm cgfjemnjþk ld njtmr y imndr rdhdrdknjm m fms hudktds ld ncksuftm,
ld kc sdr msá sd pudld tcamr ncac pfmejc. \magjêk ldgdk lmr hcramtc y dstjfc m sus mntjvjlmlds ncac sd
suejdrd dk nmlm mntjvjlml y sugjr m pfmtmhcram fcs lcnuadktcs dk fcs hcramtcs qud sd scfjnjtmk y nck fm
kcadknfmturm qud sd pjld.
Pcr ÿftjac, ncac ym smgdk tdkdacs dk fm pfmtmhcram df usc ld fcs hcrcs ld mpcyc (scnjmf y lulms
mnmlêajnms), msá ncac df hcrc Kcvdlmlds, lckld sd dkvjmrí jkhcramnjþk japcrtmktd ldf nursc, df
adksmodrc y df ncrrdc ld su sdrvjlcr dnmklcr@ictamjf.nca
^jk aís pcr df acadktc, ad ldspjlc ldsdíklcfds fc adocr dk dstm sdamkm qud jkjnjmacs y dspdrmklc
tclcs fcerdk ncknfujrfm nck êxjtc. Numfqujdr lulm dstcy m sus þrldkds. Dstmacs ym dk fm dtmp
dtmpmm kmf, êxjtc m
tclcs.
^mfulcs vjrtumfds.
Erupc A77N>E=9-GG-07<
Aþlufc 77. \dnkcfceáms dadredktds pmrm fm rdscfunjþk ld prcgfdams.
Icfm gudkms tmrlds dstjamlcs mfuakcs y mfuakms, fm sdamkm > ncknfuyþ df lám ld mydr2 ermnjms pcr sus
dktrdems dk tjdapc y hcram y pcr ncapmrtjr y mprdkldr ouktcs. Pmrm aá ncac su hmnjfjtmlcr im sjlc auy
smtjshmntcrjc mpcymrfcs y trmgmomr ld fm amkc nck tclcs ustdlds.
Ds japcrtmktd adknjckmrfds qud dstm sdamkm ncaprdkld ldf fukds 08 mf lcajkec =7 ld sdptjdagrd ldf
707= y fms mntjvjlmlds m rdmfjzmr sck fms sjeujdktds?
ö Wdnurscs? prjadrmadktd, ldgdk rdvjsmr fcs rdnurscs ld fm sdamkm qud kcs chrdnd fm pfmtmhcram, rdvjsmr
fms mntjvjlmlds ld fm ukjlml y cremkjzmr fm sdamkm, pfmkdmklc fcs tjdapcs ld dstuljc y dspmnjcs pmrm
trmgmomr kudstrms mntjvjlmlds hmsd 5 y hmsd kmf, mtdkldr df hcrc ld ncdvmfumnjþk, y fm sdsjþk sáknrckm.
Ncdvmfumnjþk.
Ncapmrtc nck ustdlds ukcs tutcrjmfds dk fcs numfds sd msdscrm pmrm sugjr mrnijvcs dk Lrjvd y Lrcpgcx?
ittps?/
ittps?//ycutu.gd/ok<pM9ok8gw
/ycutu.gd/ok<pM9ok8gw
ittps?/
ittps?//ycutu.gd/7ugFcnCxqYw
/ycutu.gd/7ugFcnCxqYw
ö Hcrc pmrm ncdvmfumnjþk? Ncapmrtmacs kudstrc prcydntc? Dstd hcrc ds pmrm fm ncdvmfumnjþk, df numf ds
uk prcndsc qud ncksjstd dk fm rdtrcmfjadktmnjþk ldf ldsdapdýc dktrd pmrds, ds ldnjr, ld uk dstuljmktd m
ctrc, y tjdkd ncac kmfjlml jldktjnmr y ncapmrtjr jkhcramnjþk pmrm rdtrcmfjadktmr df prcydntc ld ctrcs
ncapmýdrcs. Pmrm pmrtjnjpmr dk dstd hcrc, ds kdndsmrjc qud jktderds y ncapmrtms tu pcrtmhcfjc
pcr tmhcfjc mktds ldf
amrtds 05 ld sdptjdagrd ld 707=, lmlc qud df lám ajêrncfds 09 m adljc lám pugfjnmrê pmrm su ncksuftm, fm
fjstm ld pmrdoms lckld pclrík vjsumfjzmr qujdk sdrí su pmrdom dk dstd prcndsc ld ncdvmfumnjþk.
ncdvmfumnjþk.
Prjadrmadktd, ldgds, jktdermr mf hcrc tu prcydntc kmf y dxprdsmr mfeÿk prcgfdam c sjtumnjþk m fm qud td
dkhrdktmstd lurmktd fm dfmgcrmnjþk ld fms 8 prjadrms hmsds ld tu prcydntc, dksdeujlm ldgds, rdvjsmr fm tmgfm
ld ncdvmfumnjþk lckld pclrís vdr m qujdk ldgds rdtrcmfjadktmr, pmrm dffc, fdd y mkmfjzm nck
n ck mtdknjþk fms
hmsds ldf prcydntc ld tu ncapmýdrc msjekmlc. Pcstdrjcradktd, dk df adksmod crjejkmf ldf ncap
ncapmýdrc
mýdrc mf
qud dvmfumstd, m amkdrm ld rêpfjnm, dkvám ukm rdtrcmfjadktmnjþk nckstruntjvm y rdspdtucsm dk fm qud
jknfuyms mqudffcs mspdntcs pcsjtjvcs ld su prcydntc, mfeukm suedrdknjm ld adocrm y ncadktmrjcs rdspdntc
m su mpcrtmnjþk dk df hcrc. Hjkmfadktd, dsnrjgd ukm ncknfusjþk dk fm qud dxpfjquds quê vdktmoms tjdkd df
rdmfjzmr uk dodrnjnjc ld ncdvmfumnjþk ncac df qud rdmfjzmstd dk dstd hcrc.
ö Mtdkldr fm sdsjþk sáknrckm fm numf sd ffdvmrí mnmgc df lám ld amýmkm, amrtds 05 ld sdptjdagrd ldf 707=
m fms :?00 pa, icrm ldf ndktrc ld Aêxjnc. Fds ldoc df fjkb ld mnndsc m fm ajsam, fcs dspdrc?
ittps?//ycutu.gd/jFl<ffk-AXn
Ds japcrtmktd rdncrlmrfds qud df prcydntc hmsd kmf, ds ldnjr fm jktdermnjþk ld tu prcydntc ldgd ncknfujrsd,
m aís tmrlmr, df amrtds 05 ld sdptjdagrd
sdp tjdagrd ld 707=, pudstc qud ds ukm mntjvjlml qud dstí fjemlm mf hcrc ld
ncdvmfumnjþk. Ldgdrís ncapmrtjr tu prcydntc nck tu hmnjfjtmlcr dk df mpmrtmlc mntjvjlml prcydntc kmf y
ldgdrís pugfjnmrfc tmagjêk dk df hcrc ld ncdvmfumnjþk.
KC\M? df lám ajêrncfds 05 ld sdptjdagrd m adljc lám fds pugfjnmrê dk hcrc ld kcvdlmlds y hcrc ld
ncdvmfumnjþk fm tmgfm lckld pclrík rdvjsmr qud ncapmýdrc fds tcnc pmrm imndr df dodrnjnjc ld
ncdvmfumnjþk
ncdvmfumnjþk pmrm qud rdvjsdk su prcydntc y pudlmk msá prcndldr m fm ncdvmfumnjþk.
ncdvmfumnjþk. Ds pcr dffc qud fds
imec ijknmpjê m qud pugfjqudk su prcydntc m aís tmrlmr df amrtds y pudlmk msá imndr fm mntjvjlml.
Fds rdnudrlc qud fm pfmtmhcram pmrm sdamkm < njdrrm df lcajkec =7 ld sdptjdagrd m fms ==?44 pa. Ld
jeumf hcram df hcrc njdrrm m dsm icrm.
Dk fms mntjvjlmlds qud amklmk, tjdkdk fm cgfjemnjþk ld njtmr y imndr rdhdrdknjm m fms hudktds ld ncksuftm,
ld kc sdr msá sd pudld tcamr ncac pfmejc. \magjêk ldgdk lmr hcramtc y dstjfc m sus mntjvjlmlds ncac sd
suejdrd dk nmlm mntjvjlml y sugjr m pfmtmhcram fcs lcnuadktcs dk fcs hcramtcs qud sd scfjnjtmk y nck fm
kcadknfmturm qud sd pjld.
Pcr ÿftjac, ncac ym smgdk tdkdacs dk fm pfmtmhcram df usc ld fcs hcrcs ld mpcyc (scnjmf y lulms
mnmlêajnms), msá ncac df hcrc Kcvdlmlds, lckld sd dkvjmrí jkhcramnjþk japcrtmktd ldf nursc, df
adksmodrc y df ncrrdc ld su sdrvjlcr dnmklcr@ictamjf.nca
^jk aís pcr df acadktc, ad ldspjlc ldsdíklcfds fc adocr dk dstm sdamkm qud jkjnjmacs y dspdrmklc
tclcs fcerdk ncknfujrfm nck êxjtc. Numfqujdr lulm dstcy m sus þrldkds. Dstmacs ym dk fm dtmp
dtmpmm kmf, êxjtc m
tclcs.
^mfulcs vjrtumfds.
Erupc A77N>E=9-GG-07<
LJMKM D^\DHMKJ
D^\DHMKJ IDWKMKLD_ NCK\WDWM^
8/0:/7=, =>?<5
Icfm gudkms tmrlds dstjamlcs mfuakcs y mfuakms, fm sdamkm > ncknfuyþ df lám ld mydr2 ermnjms pcr sus
dktrdems dk tjdapc y hcram y pcr ncapmrtjr y mprdkldr ouktcs. Pmrm aá ncac su hmnjfjtmlcr im sjlc auy
smtjshmntcrjc mpcymrfcs y trmgmomr ld fm amkc nck tclcs ustdlds.
Ds japcrtmktd adknjckmrfds qud dstm sdamkm ncaprdkld ldf fukds 08 mf lcajkec =7 ld sdptjdagrd ldf
707= y fms mntjvjlmlds m rdmfjzmr sck fms sjeujdktds?
ö Wdnurscs? prjadrmadktd, ldgdk rdvjsmr fcs rdnurscs ld fm sdamkm qud kcs chrdnd fm pfmtmhcram, rdvjsmr
fms mntjvjlmlds ld fm ukjlml y cremkjzmr fm sdamkm, pfmkdmklc fcs tjdapcs ld dstuljc y dspmnjcs pmrm
trmgmomr kudstrms mntjvjlmlds hmsd 5 y hmsd kmf, mtdkldr df hcrc ld ncdvmfumnjþk, y fm sdsjþk sáknrckm.
mldaís ld qud rddxjckmrís scgrd mqudffcs nmagjcs qud ims dfmgcrmlc c prdtdklds dfmgcrmr y nuíf ds fm
prcpudstm pmrm adocrmrfc. Pmrm dffc, ldgds rdncpjfmr fms mntjvjlmlds qud ims rdmfjzmlc m fc fmrec ldf aþlufc
77, rdmfjzm df mkífjsjs y fm rddxjþk scgrd fcs prjknjpmfds puktcs y pfísamfc dk ukm tmgfm. Micrm, m pmrtjr ldf
ffdkmlc ld tu tmgfm dfmgcrm ukm ncknfusjþk dk fm qud rdspcklms m fms sjeujdktds prdeuktms suedrjlms.
ö Prcydntc. Hmsd kmf. Micrm qud ym nudktms nck uk prcydntc dsgczmlc dk sus dtmpms aís japcrtmktds
(ljmekþstjnc, ncktdxtumfjzmnjþk y pfmkjnmnjþk), ds acadktc qud jktderds dk tu pcrtmhcfjc ld mprdkljzmod.
Dk dstm hmsd ldgdrís, rdncpjfmr tus prcluntcs
p rcluntcs ld fms hmsds = m fm 8 ld fms mntjvjlmlds qud rdmfjzmstd lurmktd
df aþlufc 77 d jktdermr uk mrnijvc dfdntrþkjnc
dfdn trþkjnc dk tu dqujpc ld nþaputc, kugd c ljspcsjtjvc mf mrnijvc qud
jktderds ldgds merdemr ukm nmrítufm qud ljsdýds, lckld adknjckds, mldaís ld tus lmtcs edkdrmfds, df
tdam ld tu prcydntc. Ldspuês, dsnrjgd ukm rdfmnjþk ld fcs prcluntcs qud jktdermk tu pcrtmhcfjc, cremkjzmlm
pcr sdamkm
PP\
PP\, dk fm quddkjkljquds?
, dtn., d jknfÿydfm sdamkm,
ttuu pcrtmhcfjc. Nckmntjvjlml,
mnfmtjvjlml,
kmfjlmlprcluntc y hcramtc
ld mpcymrfcs dk qud
dk dstm fc prdsdktmstd?
hmsd, fds ncadktc Ucrl, Dxndf,
qud pclrík
dapfdmr fms kugds ld mfamndkmaj
mfamndkmajdktc
dktc ld Eccefd Lrjvd c Lrcpgcx pmrm ncfcnmr fm dvjldknjm ld su
prcydntc,, msá sd cgtdklrí fm fjem pmrm sdr ncapmrtjlm dk df Prcydntc Hmsd Hjkmf y dk df Hcrc ld
prcydntc
Ncdvmfumnjþk.
Ncapmrtc nck ustdlds ukcs tutcrjmfds dk fcs numfds sd msdscrm pmrm sugjr mrnijvcs dk Lrjvd y Lrcpgcx?
ittps?/
ittps?//ycutu.gd/ok<pM9ok8gw
/ycutu.gd/ok<pM9ok8gw
ittps?/
ittps?//ycutu.gd/7ugFcnCxqYw
/ycutu.gd/7ugFcnCxqYw
ö Hcrc pmrm ncdvmfumnjþk? Ncapmrtmacs kudstrc prcydntc? Dstd hcrc ds pmrm fm ncdvmfumnjþk, df numf ds
uk prcndsc qud ncksjstd dk fm rdtrcmfjadktmnjþk ldf ldsdapdýc dktrd pmrds, ds ldnjr, ld uk dstuljmktd m
ctrc, y tjdkd ncac kmfjlml jldktjnmr y ncapmrtjr jkhcramnjþk pmrm rdtrcmfjadktmr df prcydntc ld ctrcs
ncapmýdrcs. Pmrm pmrtjnjpmr dk dstd hcrc, ds kdndsmrjc qud jktderds y ncapmrtms tu pcrtmhcfjc
pcr tmhcfjc mktds ldf
amrtds 05 ld sdptjdagrd ld 707=, lmlc qud df lám ajêrncfds 09 m adljc lám pugfjnmrê pmrm su ncksuftm, fm
fjstm ld pmrdoms lckld pclrík vjsumfjzmr qujdk sdrí su pmrdom dk dstd prcndsc ld ncdvmfumnjþk.
ncdvmfumnjþk.
Prjadrmadktd, ldgds, jktdermr mf hcrc tu prcydntc kmf y dxprdsmr mfeÿk prcgfdam c sjtumnjþk m fm qud td
dkhrdktmstd lurmktd fm dfmgcrmnjþk ld fms 8 prjadrms hmsds ld tu prcydntc, dksdeujlm ldgds, rdvjsmr fm tmgfm
ld ncdvmfumnjþk lckld pclrís vdr m qujdk ldgds rdtrcmfjadktmr, pmrm dffc, fdd y mkmfjzm nck
n ck mtdknjþk fms
hmsds ldf prcydntc ld tu ncapmýdrc msjekmlc. Pcstdrjcradktd, dk df adksmod crjejkmf ldf ncap
ncapmýdrc
mýdrc mf
qud dvmfumstd, m amkdrm ld rêpfjnm, dkvám ukm rdtrcmfjadktmnjþk nckstruntjvm y rdspdtucsm dk fm qud
jknfuyms mqudffcs mspdntcs pcsjtjvcs ld su prcydntc, mfeukm suedrdknjm ld adocrm y ncadktmrjcs rdspdntc
m su mpcrtmnjþk dk df hcrc. Hjkmfadktd, dsnrjgd ukm ncknfusjþk dk fm qud dxpfjquds quê vdktmoms tjdkd df
rdmfjzmr uk dodrnjnjc ld ncdvmfumnjþk ncac df qud rdmfjzmstd dk dstd hcrc.
ö Mtdkldr fm sdsjþk sáknrckm fm numf sd ffdvmrí mnmgc df lám ld amýmkm, amrtds 05 ld sdptjdagrd ldf 707=
m fms :?00 pa, icrm ldf ndktrc ld Aêxjnc. Fds ldoc df fjkb ld mnndsc m fm ajsam, fcs dspdrc?
ittps?//ycutu.gd/jFl<ffk-AXn
Ds japcrtmktd rdncrlmrfds qud df prcydntc hmsd kmf, ds ldnjr fm jktdermnjþk ld tu prcydntc ldgd ncknfujrsd,
KC\M? df lám ajêrncfds 05 ld sdptjdagrd m adljc lám fds pugfjnmrê dk hcrc ld kcvdlmlds y hcrc ld
ncdvmfumnjþk fm tmgfm lckld pclrík rdvjsmr qud ncapmýdrc fds tcnc pmrm imndr df dodrnjnjc ld
ncdvmfumnjþk
ncdvmfumnjþk pmrm qud rdvjsdk su prcydntc y pudlmk msá prcndldr m fm ncdvmfumnjþk.
ncdvmfumnjþk. Ds pcr dffc qud fds
imec ijknmpjê m qud pugfjqudk su prcydntc m aís tmrlmr df amrtds y pudlmk msá imndr fm mntjvjlml.
Fds rdnudrlc qud fm pfmtmhcram pmrm sdamkm < njdrrm df lcajkec =7 ld sdptjdagrd m fms ==?44 pa. Ld
jeumf hcram df hcrc njdrrm m dsm icrm.
Dk fms mntjvjlmlds qud amklmk, tjdkdk fm cgfjemnjþk ld njtmr y imndr rdhdrdknjm m fms hudktds ld ncksuftm,
ld kc sdr msá sd pudld tcamr ncac pfmejc. \magjêk ldgdk lmr hcramtc y dstjfc m sus mntjvjlmlds ncac sd
suejdrd dk nmlm mntjvjlml y sugjr m pfmtmhcram fcs lcnuadktcs dk fcs hcramtcs qud sd scfjnjtmk y nck fm
kcadknfmturm qud sd pjld.
Pcr ÿftjac, ncac ym smgdk tdkdacs dk fm pfmtmhcram df usc ld fcs hcrcs ld mpcyc (scnjmf y lulms
mnmlêajnms), msá ncac df hcrc Kcvdlmlds, lckld sd dkvjmrí jkhcramnjþk japcrtmktd ldf nursc, df
adksmodrc y df ncrrdc ld su sdrvjlcr dnmklcr@ictamjf.nca
^jk aís pcr df acadktc, ad ldspjlc ldsdíklcfds fc adocr dk dstm sdamkm qud jkjnjmacs y dspdrmklc
tclcs fcerdk ncknfujrfm nck êxjtc. Numfqujdr lulm dstcy m sus þrldkds. Dstmacs ym dk fm dtmp
dtmpmm kmf, êxjtc m
tclcs.
^mfulcs vjrtumfds.
Erupc A77N>E=9-GG-07<
Icfm gudkms tmrlds dstjamlcs mfuakcs y mfuakms, fm sdamkm > ncknfuyþ df lám ld mydr2 ermnjms pcr sus
dktrdems dk tjdapc y hcram y pcr ncapmrtjr y mprdkldr ouktcs. Pmrm aá ncac su hmnjfjtmlcr im sjlc auy
smtjshmntcrjc mpcymrfcs y trmgmomr ld fm amkc nck tclcs ustdlds.
Ds japcrtmktd adknjckmrfds qud dstm sdamkm ncaprdkld ldf fukds 08 mf lcajkec =7 ld sdptjdagrd ldf
707= y fms mntjvjlmlds m rdmfjzmr sck fms sjeujdktds?
ö Wdnurscs? prjadrmadktd, ldgdk rdvjsmr fcs rdnurscs ld fm sdamkm qud kcs chrdnd fm pfmtmhcram, rdvjsmr
fms mntjvjlmlds ld fm ukjlml y cremkjzmr fm sdamkm, pfmkdmklc fcs tjdapcs ld dstuljc y dspmnjcs pmrm
trmgmomr kudstrms mntjvjlmlds hmsd 5 y hmsd kmf, mtdkldr df hcrc ld ncdvmfumnjþk, y fm sdsjþk sáknrckm.
ö Prcydntc. Hmsd kmf. Micrm qud ym nudktms nck uk prcydntc dsgczmlc dk sus dtmpms aís japcrtmktds
(ljmekþstjnc, ncktdxtumfjzmnjþk y pfmkjnmnjþk), ds acadktc qud jktderds dk tu pcrtmhcfjc ld mprdkljzmod.
Dk dstm hmsd ldgdrís, rdncpjfmr tus prcluntcs
p rcluntcs ld fms hmsds = m fm 8 ld fms mntjvjlmlds qud rdmfjzmstd lurmktd
df aþlufc 77 d jktdermr uk mrnijvc dfdntrþkjnc
dfdn trþkjnc dk tu dqujpc ld nþaputc, kugd c ljspcsjtjvc mf mrnijvc qud
jktderds ldgds merdemr ukm nmrítufm qud ljsdýds, lckld adknjckds, mldaís ld tus lmtcs edkdrmfds, df
tdam ld tu prcydntc. Ldspuês, dsnrjgd ukm rdfmnjþk ld fcs prcluntcs qud jktdermk tu pcrtmhcfjc, cremkjzmlm
pcr sdamkm dk fm qud jkljquds? sdamkm, mntjvjlml,
mn tjvjlml, prcluntc y hcramtc dk qud fc prdsdktmstd? Ucrl, Dxndf,
PP\,, dtn., d jknfÿydfm dk ttuu pcrtmhcfjc. Nck fm kmfjlml ld mpcymrfcs dk dstm hmsd, fds ncadktc qud pclrík
PP\
dapfdmr fms kugds ld mfamndkmaj
mfamndkmajdktc
dktc ld Eccefd Lrjvd c Lrcpgcx pmrm ncfcnmr fm dvjldknjm ld su
prcydntc,, msá sd cgtdklrí fm fjem pmrm sdr ncapmrtjlm dk df Prcydntc Hmsd Hjkmf y dk df Hcrc ld
prcydntc
Ncdvmfumnjþk.
Ncapmrtc nck ustdlds ukcs tutcrjmfds dk fcs numfds sd msdscrm pmrm sugjr mrnijvcs dk Lrjvd y Lrcpgcx?
ittps?/
ittps?//ycutu.gd/7ugFcnCxqYw
/ycutu.gd/7ugFcnCxqYw
ö Hcrc pmrm ncdvmfumnjþk? Ncapmrtmacs kudstrc prcydntc? Dstd hcrc ds pmrm fm ncdvmfumnjþk, df numf ds
uk prcndsc qud ncksjstd dk fm rdtrcmfjadktmnjþk ldf ldsdapdýc dktrd pmrds, ds ldnjr, ld uk dstuljmktd m
ctrc, y tjdkd ncac kmfjlml jldktjnmr y ncapmrtjr jkhcramnjþk pmrm rdtrcmfjadktmr df prcydntc ld ctrcs
ncapmýdrcs. Pmrm pmrtjnjpmr dk dstd hcrc, ds kdndsmrjc qud jktderds y ncapmrtms tu pcrtmhcfjc
pcr tmhcfjc mktds ldf
amrtds 05 ld sdptjdagrd ld 707=, lmlc qud df lám ajêrncfds 09 m adljc lám pugfjnmrê pmrm su ncksuftm, fm
fjstm ld pmrdoms lckld pclrík vjsumfjzmr qujdk sdrí su pmrdom dk dstd prcndsc ld ncdvmfumnjþk.
ncdvmfumnjþk.
Prjadrmadktd, ldgds, jktdermr mf hcrc tu prcydntc kmf y dxprdsmr mfeÿk prcgfdam c sjtumnjþk m fm qud td
dkhrdktmstd lurmktd fm dfmgcrmnjþk ld fms 8 prjadrms hmsds ld tu prcydntc, dksdeujlm ldgds, rdvjsmr fm tmgfm
ld ncdvmfumnjþk lckld pclrís vdr m qujdk ldgds rdtrcmfjadktmr, pmrm dffc, fdd y mkmfjzm nck
n ck mtdknjþk fms
hmsds ldf prcydntc ld tu ncapmýdrc msjekmlc. Pcstdrjcradktd, dk df adksmod crjejkmf ldf ncap
ncapmýdrc
mýdrc mf
qud dvmfumstd, m amkdrm ld rêpfjnm, dkvám ukm rdtrcmfjadktmnjþk nckstruntjvm y rdspdtucsm dk fm qud
jknfuyms mqudffcs mspdntcs pcsjtjvcs ld su prcydntc, mfeukm suedrdknjm ld adocrm y ncadktmrjcs rdspdntc
m su mpcrtmnjþk dk df hcrc. Hjkmfadktd, dsnrjgd ukm ncknfusjþk dk fm qud dxpfjquds quê vdktmoms tjdkd df
rdmfjzmr uk dodrnjnjc ld ncdvmfumnjþk ncac df qud rdmfjzmstd dk dstd hcrc.
ö Mtdkldr fm sdsjþk sáknrckm fm numf sd ffdvmrí mnmgc df lám ld amýmkm, amrtds 05 ld sdptjdagrd ldf 707=
m fms :?00 pa, icrm ldf ndktrc ld Aêxjnc. Fds ldoc df fjkb ld mnndsc m fm ajsam, fcs dspdrc?
ittps?//ycutu.gd/jFl<ffk-AXn
Ds japcrtmktd rdncrlmrfds qud df prcydntc hmsd kmf, ds ldnjr fm jktdermnjþk ld tu prcydntc ldgd ncknfujrsd,
m aís tmrlmr, df amrtds 05 ld sdptjdagrd
sdp tjdagrd ld 707=, pudstc qud ds ukm mntjvjlml qud dstí fjemlm mf hcrc ld
ncdvmfumnjþk. Ldgdrís ncapmrtjr tu prcydntc nck tu hmnjfjtmlcr dk df mpmrtmlc mntjvjlml prcydntc kmf y
ldgdrís pugfjnmrfc tmagjêk dk df hcrc ld ncdvmfumnjþk.
KC\M? df lám ajêrncfds 05 ld sdptjdagrd m adljc lám fds pugfjnmrê dk hcrc ld kcvdlmlds y hcrc ld
ncdvmfumnjþk fm tmgfm lckld pclrík rdvjsmr qud ncapmýdrc fds tcnc pmrm imndr df dodrnjnjc ld
ncdvmfumnjþk
ncdvmfumnjþk pmrm qud rdvjsdk su prcydntc y pudlmk msá prcndldr m fm ncdvmfumnjþk.
ncdvmfumnjþk. Ds pcr dffc qud fds
imec ijknmpjê m qud pugfjqudk su prcydntc m aís tmrlmr df amrtds y pudlmk msá imndr fm mntjvjlml.
Fds rdnudrlc qud fm pfmtmhcram pmrm sdamkm < njdrrm df lcajkec =7 ld sdptjdagrd m fms ==?44 pa. Ld
jeumf hcram df hcrc njdrrm m dsm icrm.
Dk fms mntjvjlmlds qud amklmk, tjdkdk fm cgfjemnjþk ld njtmr y imndr rdhdrdknjm m fms hudktds ld ncksuftm,
ld kc sdr msá sd pudld tcamr ncac pfmejc. \magjêk ldgdk lmr hcramtc y dstjfc m sus mntjvjlmlds ncac sd
suejdrd dk nmlm mntjvjlml y sugjr m pfmtmhcram fcs lcnuadktcs dk fcs hcramtcs qud sd scfjnjtmk y nck fm
kcadknfmturm qud sd pjld.
Pcr ÿftjac, ncac ym smgdk tdkdacs dk fm pfmtmhcram df usc ld fcs hcrcs ld mpcyc (scnjmf y lulms
mnmlêajnms), msá ncac df hcrc Kcvdlmlds, lckld sd dkvjmrí jkhcramnjþk japcrtmktd ldf nursc, df
adksmodrc y df ncrrdc ld su sdrvjlcr dnmklcr@ictamjf.nca
^jk aís pcr df acadktc, ad ldspjlc ldsdíklcfds fc adocr dk dstm sdamkm qud jkjnjmacs y dspdrmklc
tclcs fcerdk ncknfujrfm nck êxjtc. Numfqujdr lulm dstcy m sus þrldkds. Dstmacs ym dk fm dtmp
dtmpmm kmf, êxjtc m
tclcs.
^mfulcs vjrtumfds.
Erupc A77N>E=9-GG-07<
Aþlufc 77. \dnkcfceáms dadredktds pmrm fm rdscfunjþk ld prcgfdams.
Nck df eustc ld smfulmrfds, ncapmrtc nck Tstdlds fm fjem pmrm kudstrm tdrndrm sdsjþk sáknrckm ld tutcrám, lckld
dstuvjacs rdvjsmklc df tdam? "Prdpírmtd pmrm fc qud vjdkd? Dxíadkds c nurránufua", mldaís pdrsdeujacs df
sjeujdktd cgodtjvc?
"Grjklmr m fcs dstuljmktds cpnjckds ld prdpmrmnjþk pmrm imndr hrdktd m sus dxíadkds ld jkerdsc m fm ukjvdrsjlml
c prdpmrmr uk nurránufua vjtmd pmrm jktdermrsd mf magjdktd fmgcrmf."
Lurmktd dstd aþlufc ym kc ncktmacs nck sdsjckds ld I^D, pcr fc qud tclms fms sdsjckds sd dkhcnmk dk fc qud
imk pfmsamlc dk df hcraufmrjc y qud mtjdkld m sus kdndsjlmlds ljrdntmadktd msá ncac actjvmrfds m ncknfujr nck
êxjtc sus ÿftjacs lcs aþlufcs dk Prdpm dk Fákdm ^DP.
^DP.
Fds pjlc qud numfqujdr lulm c ncadktmrjc qud tdkemk mf rdspdntc ad ncktmntdk m fm grdvdlml pmrm pcldr
mpcymrfds dk fm scfunjþk.
Mtdktc m numfqujdr lulm c ncadktmrjc,
\dkemk uk dxndfdktd lám.
Ncrljmfadktd,
Mlajkjstrmnjþk
Moustds ld aj pdrf
Dljtmr pdrf
Adksmodrám
Kmvdemnjþk
Aj nmapus
Jkjnjc (icemr) ldf sjtjc
Píejkms ldf sjtjc
Aj pdrf
Xdr pdrf
Adksmods dk hcrcs
Adksmods
Ljrdnnjþk? Mv. Wdvcfunjþk #=<74, Ncf. \fmncpmn, Ldfdemnjþk Ífvmrc Cgrdeþk, Njulml ld Aêxjnc, N.P
N.P.. 0=0<:
\dfêhckcs? 0=900 == 70 4:9 y 0=900 79 98 899
(44)>80= 8:00 dxtdksjckds 44895, 4489:, 44<<:, 44<40, 44<4= y 44<47