Annexure 1

Title Page

COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

ON

POLLUTION MANAGEMENT
Submitted by

Name of the Student - Ritik Katoch

Registration No. - 12106091

In partial fulfillment for the requirements of the award of the

degree of

COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

“B.Tech (Computer Science and Engineering)”

Lovely Professional University

Phagwara, Punjab.
CONTENT
 INTRODUCTION
 TYPES OF POLLUTION
 PROBLEMS OF POLLUTION
 CAUSES OF THE POLLUTION
 OBJECTIVE & STEPS TAKEN TO ACHIVE THE OBJECTIVE
 EFFECTS OF SOIL POLLUTION
 SOLUTION TO REDUCE SOIL POLLUTION
 CONCLUSION
 SOME PICTURES OF GARBAGE CLEANING AT THE ROADSIDE OF OUR TOWN
POLLUTION MANAGEMENT
INTRODUCTION
Pollution also called environmental pollution is the effect of undesirable changes in our
surroundings that have harmful effects on plants, animals, and human beings. In the addition of
any substance (such as solid, liquid or gas) or any form of energy (such as heat, sound or
radioactivity).

The major kinds of pollution usually classified by environment are air pollution, water pollution
& land pollution. Pollution of all kinds can have negative effects on the environment and wildlife
as well as on human health & well-being.

Environmental pollution can be caused by natural events such as forest fires and active volcanoes.
use of the word pollution generally implies that the contaminants have an anthropogenic source
that is, a source created by human activities. Pollutants damage the quality of air, water, and land.

Pollution was not a serious problem if there was enough space available for everyone. However,
with the establishment of permanent settlements by great numbers of people, pollution became a
global problem. Although urban areas are usually more polluted than the countryside, pollution
can spread to remote places where no people live.
TYPES OF POLLUTION

1. AIR POLLUTION:
Air pollution is contamination of the indoor or outdoor environment by any chemical,
physical or biological agent that modifies the natural characteristics of the atmosphere.
Household combustion devices, motor vehicles, industrial facilities and forest fires are
common sources of air pollution. Outdoor and indoor air pollution cause respiratory
and other diseases and are important sources of morbidity and mortality.

2. WATER POLLUTION:
The water whose composition has been changed to the extent that it is unusable.
In other words, it is toxic water that cannot be drunk or used for essential purposes like
Agriculture, and which also causes diseases like Diarrhea, Cholera, Dysentery,
Typhoid etc.
The main water pollutants include Bacteria, Viruses, Parasites, Fertilizers, Pesticides,
Pharmaceutical Products, Nitrates, Phosphates, Plastics, Feacal Waste and even
Radioactive Substances.
3. NOISE POLLUTION:
Noise pollution is an invisible danger. It cannot be seen, but it is present nonetheless,
both on land and under the sea. Noise pollution is any unwanted or disturbing sound
that affects the health and well-being of humans and other organisms.
Noise pollution impacts millions of people daily. The most common health problem it
causes is Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL)
Exposure to loud noise can also cause high blood pressure, heart disease, sleep
disturbances, and stress.
Sound is measured in decibels (dB)

4. SOIL POLLUTION:
It is defined as the presence of toxic chemicals (pollutants or contaminants) in soil, in
high enough concentrations to pose a risk to human health and/or the ecosystem.
Soil Pollutant include a wide variety of contaminants (organic and inorganic
chemicals), which can be derived from anthropogenic related activities, or naturally
occurring in soil.
PROBLEMS OF POLLUTION
1. Pollution has a large impact on human health:
Diseases caused by pollution were responsible for an estimated:
• 9 million premature deaths (16 for an % of all deaths worldwide) in 2015.
• three times more deaths than AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria combined.
• fifteen times more deaths than all wars and other forms of violence.
It kills more people than smoking, hunger and natural disasters.
2. The health impacts from many pollutants are completely unquantified:
The impacts from pollution are likely much large than we can accurately quantify today, due
to insufficient data collection and scientific research. More than 140,000 new chemicals and
pesticides have been created since 1950. of the 5,000 chemicals that are produced in the highest
volumes, fewer than half have undergone any testing for safety or toxicity.

3. Pollution disproportionately kills the poor and the vulnerable:

Nearly 92% of pollution-related deaths occur in low and middle-income countries. Within
countries, pollution’s toll is greatest in poor and marginalized communities. Children face the
highest risks. Small exposures to chemicals in utero and in early childhood can result in
disease, lifelong disability and death.

4. Pollution is closely tied to climate change and biodiversity:

Fossil fuel combustion in higher-income countries and the burning of biomass in lower-income
countries accounts for 85% of air borne particulate pollution and is a major source of the green
house. Major emitters of carbon dioxide (coal-fired power plants, chemical producers, mining
operations, and vehicles) are also major sources of other forms of pollution.

5. Pollution is neglected:
The international development and health agendas have largely overlooked pollution. Funding
is inadequate when compared to resources for infectious disease and other environmental
issues. Even though more than 70% of the diseases caused by pollution are non-communicable,
interventions against pollution are barely mentioned in the Global Action Plan for the
Prevention and Control of Non-Communicable Diseases.
 CAUSE OF THE POLLUTION

1. Burning of Fossil Fuels – such as coal, oil, gasoline to produce energy for electricity or
transportation
2. Automobiles – gases emitted from vehicles
3. Agricultural Activities – the insecticides, pesticides and fertilizers emit harmful chemicals
and farm residue also contribute to pollution.
4. Factories and Industries – emits carbon monoxide, organic compounds, hydrocarbons and
chemicals.
5. Mining Activities – dust and chemicals are released while extracting minerals from the
earth
6. Domestic Sources – household cleaning products and paints contain toxic chemicals
7. Construction and Demolition – raw materials such as bricks and concrete cause haze and
foul air
8. Open burning of Garbage waste
9. Microbial Decaying process – Decaying of the microorganisms present in the surrounding
releases methane gas which is highly toxic.
10. Volcanic eruptions- volcanoes release enough sulfur dioxide into the air and influence
global cooling.

OBJECTIVE & STEPS TAKEN TO ACHIEVE THE OBJECTIVE

1. Awareness: To help social groups and individuals to acquire knowledge of pollution

and environmental degradation.
2. Knowledge: To help social groups and individuals to acquire knowledge of the
environment beyond the immediate environment including a distant environment.
3. Attitudes: To help social groups and individuals to acquire a set of values for
environmental protection.
4. Skills and Capacity Building: To help social groups and individuals to develop skills
required for making discriminations in form, shape, sound, touch, habits and habitats.
Further, to develop ability to draw unbiased inferences and conclusions.
5. Participation: To provide social groups and individuals with an opportunity to be
actively involved at all levels in environmental decision making.
EFFECTS OF SOIL POLLUTION

The toxic substances that are deposited on the earth's surface harm our health and well-being and
affect food, water, and air quality. The most important effects of soil pollution are:

• Damage to Health - Soil pollutants enter our body through the food chain, causing illnesses
to appear. Moreover, the spread of antibiotics in the environment increases the pathogens'
resistance to these drugs.
• Poorer Harvests - Soil pollution agents jeopardies world food security by reducing the
amount and quality of harvests.
• Climate Change - In the first decade of the 21st century, soil degradation released
between 3.6 and 4.4 billion tons of CO2 into the atmosphere.
• Water & Air Pollution - Soil degradation affects the quality of air and water, particularly
in developing countries.
• Economic impact - Global economic losses caused by soil degradation are expected to
exceed 10 % of the world's annual Gross Domestic Product (GDP).

SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE SOIL POLLUTION

Soil degradation is a complex problem that requires governments, institutions, communities and
individuals to take joint measures. The following are just some of the things we can do to improve
its health:

• Eat sustainable food stuffs, properly recycle batteries, produce homemade compost and
dispose of drugs in the places authorized for this purpose.
• Encourage an eco-friendlier model for industry, farming and stock breeding, among other
economic activities.
• Improve urban planning and transport planning and wastewater treatment.
• Improve the management of mining waste, restore the landscape and conserve topsoil.
• Involve local communities and indigenous peoples in the design, implementation and
assessment of sustainable land and soil management.
CONCLUSION

Pollution has become a big problem to the environment, especially after the Industrial Revolution
Period.

To mitigate this problem, every one of us can make his/her contribution. Moreover, Government
must make sure that there are strict regulations on the industries which pollute soil directly or
indirectly.

There is need for intense education and awareness raising among all stakeholders particularly with
the local people on the need to protect and safeguard their environment.

At the end, I would like to say that people’s health depends on the environmental conditions. That
is why it is so important to look for solutions to the environmental problems & develop new
technologies.

Let's join hands to protect the Earth.

SOME PICTURES OF GARBAGE CLEANING AT THE
ROADSIDE OF OUR TOWN