Under only one B/L

Offered by airline intergrator

For short distance trip
Liable for loss, damage and delay
Lê Thị Hồng Nhung _HS163445

Advantage
+ Simplicity for shipper and consignee
Multimodal
+ Reduce damage
transportation
+ Reduce pilferage

Handle issue raised by MTO

Export to neighboring
Provide insurance of one document to serve
countries
the entire transportation
Move goods to and from
The Multimodal But lacks popularity
an airport
Transport
or Seaport
Convention (MTC)
GFT
A wide variety of general commodities
Use Containers or Van trailer General Freight
Trucking (GFT) Lease expensive
Road Transportation
Specialized Freight Suitable for bulk freight
SFT commodities Large Amount
Trucking (SFT)
Cargo required specialized equipment Owned and manage by merchants and manufactured
Cargo with difference characteristics Cost advantage and available
Private Fleets Can be leased
Industries: Oil, Sugar, lumber
Argricultural
Energy Products
Automobiles
Component
Construction Material The dynamic freight
Land transportation
Chemical system Rail Transportation
Coal For bulk commodities
Equipment Charted or vessel
Food Large quantities of bulk cargo
Metals Not available, must hire
Tramps Not operate in route or schedule
Mineral Type of Ocean Carriers
Base on a trip or voyage
Lowest possible cost

Rail or Motor
Liable for goods loast, damaged,
The Carmark Amendent
delay in transit

Voluntary association of ocean carriers

Particular trade route

Conference lines
Rule Governing Inland
Ocean Freight
+Members most European Scope of application
countries The place of issurance at the bill
+ Apply 2 countries or more (at
least one party) The Convention on the Contract for International
Carrier's duties under B/L
+ For state or public institution Carriage of goods by Road ( CMR 1956)
Excercise "due diligence"
+ Nonnegotiable The Convention Concerning International Carriage by
Carriers bear the risk and responsible for DD
+ Consignee can sue carriers in its Rail (COTIF 1980)
own name about loss, damage,
delay Carrier's liability and exemption
+ Shipper can change place >3% of world trade
Aplly only loss and dâmge
delivery at anytime approximatelt 40% of world trade
Exempt only carriers proof exercise
+ Can use multiple carriers by volume

Period of responsibility
Demand is correlated: world economy growth The Hague Rules (1924)
Begin: at the time goods are loaded
Fuel price The Hague-Visky Rules
Extend: at the time goods are discharged
Competitiveness of surface transport option (1968)
from the shipment
Modified to The
Hamburg Rules
Factors contribute to air cargo (1978) Limitation of action
+ The World Economy
Complaint must be within 1 years after actual
+ iInfrastructure development
delivery day
+ Just in time delivery
Claim must be made in writing before or at the time
+ Change in Technology
of removal of the goods
+ The ride of intergrator &
forwarders
Limits of liability
Carriagers add the "Himalaya
Faster delivery
Clause" to their B/L
Suit for high-value-to-weight commodities
Protect employees an dagents under the Hague rlues
Unpredictable or seasonal product Pros
Under Hague-VIsky $1000 per package
Not require heavy packing Carriage goods by sea
Reduce inventory and storage cost
Pros and cons

Expensive for high-bulk cargo Replace Hague Rules in 2008 and in effect 2013
Not suited for short-distance More than 20 countries
Cons
Not suit for low pressure and variation products Govern the rights and the obligation of shippers, carriers and
Require shipping container Rotterdam Rules consignee

Distance to the POS

Target high-risk cargo containers for inspection
Weight and size of shipment Determinants
Association: The US Custom and Border Proctection (CBP)
Identity of the product (common, special)

The International Air Container Sercurity

Transportation Ass (IATA)
Fares and rates are negotiated + CBP's 24 hours rule
+ Automated targeting system
Air Cargo Rates + The 10+2 ruloe
Rate Setting + Cargo security initiative
Suit for commodities with high value weight to ratio (gold, silver)
Seasonal product or unpredicted demand Some program + Customs-Trade Partnership
Suficient domestic packing Against Terrorism (C-TPAT)
Reduce some fees + International Collaboration
Saving total transportation cost

Depend on type of service International Air

Intergrated service maybe higher Express Services - Contract between the shipper and carriers
- Provide by air carriers or forwarder
- Receipt for shipper
Rules related to the Air Waybill - Nonnegotiable
International Use Montrol (effective
carriage (Baggage, 2003) to
Passengers,
Cargo)
Transfer accountability
Dock Receipt

- Unconditional written order

Bill of Exchange - Second party must pay money to the creditor
Trade documents and
- 2 types: Time & Sight Draft
Cargo in its charge Air transportation transportation
At or outside the airport
Passenger have ticket for Scope of Convention - Contract between shipper and sea carrier
international travel - Proof of Ownership
- Provide by the Sea Carriers
- Receipt of Goods (Shipment)
Bill of Lading (B/L) - 2 types: Order (Negotiable) & Straight (Non)

- Can use for endorsing for

The place of departure and consignee
destination The original Worshaw Convention
An intermediate stopping place in Air Consignment Note (1929)
a different state The Worshaw-amended Carriage of Goods by Air
The weight of the consignment Convention (1955) - Provide by railway carriers or trucking firm
The Montreal Convention (1999) - Certify carriage of goods
- Contract delivery
Inland Bill of Lading

Liability of Carriers
Damages Multimodal transportation
Through Bill Of Lading
Losses
Delay

Certificate of Origin
Provided by national organization from
Under the Convention Limitation of Liability
Consular Invoice import's countries
Higher if consignor declare a Requirement
higher value Receipt for custom

Damage in 2 years after actual Limitation of action Determine product is eligible for preferential duty treatment
delivery day Obtain from local chambers of commerce
The complaint is made within 14 days Trade documents Certificate of Origin
after the actual delivery day
Delay is in 21 days
Attest the good
State in the contract and quotation
Inspection Certificate
Negotiable
Insurance Certificate
+ Secure the nation's air port The US Transportation
+ Screens all commercial airlines Security
passenger and baggage Administration (TSA)
+ Enhance air cargo security Bill for merchandise
Basic Inf: Description, Delivery & Payment terms, Order date & number
Commercial Invoice
Use for Payment, compute ex-im tax

+Supply Chain Security

Apart of CI, B/L, Air waybill
+ Members sign an agreement Custom-Trade Destination Control Statement Notify the item maybe exported only to
CBP Partnership Against (DCS) certain destination
+ C-TPAT members :Low Risk, Less Terrorism (C-TPAT)
likely to be examined

Use to control certain export and compile trade data

Shipper's Export Require Shipment value > $2.500
Air Cargo Advanced Screening International Air Cargo
+ Screen vast amounts of cargo Declaration
(ACAS) Security
+ Screen high-risk shipment

Draft of CI
+ Required screen 100% of all cargo abroad Certified Cargo Basic Inf: description, state the price at a specify delivery point,
international inbound passenger flight Screening Program time of shipment, terms of payment
Pro Forma Invoice Not payment as CI
As commitment and can fix

Person or Entity not in possession of Federal

Aviation Administrstives Indirect Air Carrier Program
Do a Engagement

Itemize the material in each package

Indicate the tye of package
Checked by custom
Increase global air cargo security Export Packing List
Reduce burden on trade International Collaboration

Has minimum of 3 year's experience in ocean A system declaration

freight Demonstration Manifest This system must match the paper original sheet
Has lifed a valid suety bond with the FMC

Facilities the document

Individual Employee of cargo to
Unincorporated branch office the oversea destination
Not required with
A common carrier Base on shipper or
Licensing requirements
Agent thereof process the
documentation.

Indicate act merely as an agent and not have any ownership interest in
Freight Forwarders in
merchandise + Adviser
Transportation
Liable to the shipper for its own neligence Obilgation and responsible for + Books transportation and delivery
Forwarder's liability limited to the lesser $50/ 1 shipment licensing + Ensure goods properly packed and labled and clear
Require maintain current and accurate record for 5 years documentation
Prohibit from providing any rebate to shipper + Tracking and tracing cargo
+ Can negotiate rate with carrier

Role and Function Different from NVOCC

+ Don't publish their own tariff and cosolidate small
shipment
+ Use NVOCC service without operating as carrier
+ Is licensed by Federal Maritime Commision ( FMC)