ice age: what is it?

An Ice Age is a period of really long time in which the temperatures are
decreased to really low degrees, which results in expanded polar ice
sheets and alpine glaciers. Imagine how cold it must be for the humans
that lived 12,000 years ago! Isn't it just amazing to think that humans
ACTUALLY survived an ice age? Ice ages usually last for a period of
120,000 years.

EVIDENCE FOR ICE AGE

Before we move on to the evidences, I just want to explain things a bit

here. So, there are three types of evidences:
 GEOLOGICAL
 CHEMICAL
 PALEONTOLOGICAL

GEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE
Geological evidence includes the rock scouring, scratching, glacial
moraines, valley cuttings, etc.
This picture above actually shows how the ice age might've spread out.
Simple, when Pangea is re-assembled, there is evidence of a single ice
sheet spreading out in many southern continents. When viewed in the
mordern way, it's inconsistent and even highly implausible. For instance,
India, which is in the North of the equator, has glacial evidencecoming
from the South! Can you believe that was cold like Antartica?! Since
this picture is about the geographical spread of the ice age, it can be
classified as "Geological Evidence".

CHEMICAL EVIDENCE
The chemical evidence mainly consists of variations in the ratios of
isotopes in fossils present in sediments and sedimentary rocks and ocean
sediment cores. For the most recent glacial periods, ice cores provide
climate proxies, both from the ice itself and from atmospheric samples
provided by included bubbles of air.

Isotopes are two or more types of atoms which have the same atomic
number & position in the periodic table.
Proxies are preserved physical characteristics of the past climates.

PALEONTOLOGIC EVIDENCE

The paleontological evidence consists of changes in the geographical

distribution of fossils. During a glacial period, cold-adapted organisms
spread into lower latitudes, and organisms that prefer warmer conditions
become extinct.
The above picture, as you all may know, is of the world famous baby
mammoth Yuka. She was discovered frozen in eastern Siberia in the
year 1977. Scientists think she lived and died about 39,000 years ago.

The above pictures are of Smilodon Californicus, or the Saber-Toothed

Tiger.
Auger
An instrument which is used to extract peat bogs to study the climate of
the past times.
Peat bog
An area of wetland contain dead plant materials and pollen.
 This is the wolf, Canis Lupus.

This is the Saber Toothed Tiger.