BIOMEDICAL ELECTRONICS

Biomedical Electronics

• the branch of electronics engineering which involves the analysis, design and applications of electronic devices on
medicine biology.
• biomedical engineers focus on advances in technology and medicine to develop new devices and equipment for
improving human health.

TYPES OF MEDICAL ELECTRONICS DEVICES

1. PACEMAKER

• a medical device that uses electrical impulses, delivered

by the electrodes contacting the heart muscles, to regulate the
beating of the heart.
• a pacemaker is a small, battery operated device.

Components of Pacemaker

Pulse Generator

• contains a battery that provides the energy for sending electrical impulses to the heart.

Leads

• are the insulated wires that deliver electrical impulses from the pulse generator to the heart, it senses cardiac
depolarisation.

Anode

• an electrode that receives the electrical impulse after depolarisation of cardiac tissue, it is positively charged when
electrical current is flowing.

Cathode

• an electrode that is in contact with heart tissue, it is negatively charged when electrical current is flowing.

2. DEFIBRILLATOR

• Defibrillators are devices that send an electric pulse or shock to the heart to restore a normal heartbeat.
• They are used to prevent or correct an arrhythmia, an uneven heartbeat that is too slow or too fast. If the heart
suddenly stops, defibrillators can also help it beat again.
• A defibrillator can save your life if you’re in cardiac arrest. This device provides an electrical charge that stops your
heart’s abnormal rhythm so your heart can get back to a normal rhythm.
How defibrillators work

• If someone’s heart is in trouble, the first step is to diagnose the problem

using an electrocardiogram. This machine reads the heart’s electrical
activity, which dictates the voltage and timing of the shock required.
Paddles are then placed on the chest wall: one above and to the left of the
heart and one below and to the right.

History

3. ELECTROCARDIOGRAPH (ECG or EKG)

4. FLOUROSCOPE
5. ELECTROMYOGRAPH

7. ULTRASONOGRAPH

(MRI)
LASER