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 Our nervous system
What is the nervous system?
brain
The nervous system is made up of the brain, the
spinal cord and a large network of nerves.

The brain coordinates and controls all

of the body’s activity. spinal
cord
The spinal cord connects the brain to
the rest of the body.
The nerves connect the spinal cord to
the muscles, organs and skin. nerves
 Our nervous system
What is the nervous system?

Nerve tissue is made up of nerve cells

cell (neurons) that transmit electrochemical
body messages from one to another.

To transmit the messages, they create

dendrites electrical signals called nerve impulses.

The space between nerve cells is called synapse.

axon
Our senses: touch and hearing
How do we feel?
epidermis
We can feel pressure,
temperature and textures dermis

with our skin.

fatty layer
The skin in made up of three
layers: epidermis, dermis nerve endings

and fatty tissue.

Nerve endings in our skin detect information about the objects that
we touch and produce nerve impulses.
Our senses: touch and hearing
How do we hear?
We can hear sound with our ears.

small bones Sound waves go into our ear and

hit the eardrum.
When eardrum vibrates, small
bones inside the ear vibrate too.

auditory nerve
The cochlea detects the
vibrations and produces a nerve
eardrum
sound impulse. The auditory nerve
transmits them to the brain.
 Our senses: sight
How do we see? We can see colours, movement and the
distance of objects with our eyes.
The eye has many different parts:
iris (opens and closes the retina (nervous tissue that
pupil) detects light and colours
pupil and send information to the
(small hole optic nerve)
that lets light
into the eye)
cornea
(covers and
protects the optic nerve (it is connected
iris and pupil) to the brain and transmits
lens information to the retina)
(transparent, oval-shaped
structure that focuses
light on to the retina)
 Our senses: smell and taste
How do we smell? We can detect smell with our nose.

Smells are made up of gases in the air. Air goes into our nose.

nose The olfatory cells detect the gases

and send nerve impulses to the
olfatory nerve.

The olfatory nerve

olfatory nerve sends the information
to the brain.
olfatory cells
 Our senses: smell and taste
How do we taste?

We can detect flavours with our tongue.

The taste buds detect special chemicals in

the things that we eat or drink.
The chemicals mix with saliva and the taste
buds detect them and send nerve impulses to
the gustatory nerves. taste buds

The taste buds transmit the impulses to the

brain.
 Our locomotor system
What is the locomotor system?
Muscular system

The locomotor system is

made up of two systems.

Skeletal system
 Our locomotor system
What is the locomotor system?

Skeletal system The skeletal system gives us support and stability

as we move around and protects our vital organs.
It’s made up of bones, joints and ligaments.

Bones are hard and solid on the outside and sponge-

like on the inside. The centre of bones is called
bones marrow.
Joints are where bones meet.
Bones join together at the joints by ligaments.
 Our locomotor system
What is the locomotor system?
Muscular system

The muscular system allows us to move and

perform voluntary and involuntary actions.
It’s made up of muscles and tendons.

Muscles are soft and flexible. There are three

types: skeletal muscles, smooth muscles and
cardiac muscles.
Tendons attach muscles to bones.