LABORATORY REPORT

ORGANIC
COMPOUND
WITH
HYDROXYL
GROUP
Created by
CAMPUGAN-CARCUEVA-CARREON-CENIA-CUEVAS-DALANIEL
 LEARNING
OUTCOME

To know the solubility and some chemical

properties of Alcohols and Phenols
INTRODUCTION
What are HYDROXYL GROUPS?
Hydroxyl groups are simple structures consisting of an oxygen atom
with two lone pairs bonded to a hydrogen atom and its chemical
formula is written as -OH.

They readily participate in hydrogen bonding, generating either a net

positively or negatively charged ion.
This group can also participate in chemical reactions to link molecules
together, forming chains of sugars or fatty acids.
The addition of a hydroxyl group converts many organic compounds
into alcohols, enhancing their solubility in water.
Alcohols and Phenols are organic compounds with at least one hydroxyl
group attached to a saturated or an aryl carbon, respectively.
Alcohols are organic molecules that contain a hydroxyl (-OH) group.
Alcohols can be classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary based on
whether the alcohol carbon is affected by one, two, or three alkyl groups.
Alcohols contain an –OH group, therefore, they are able to form hydrogen
bonds with one another and have high boiling points.
Alcohols can form hydrogen bonds with water, with that being said, small
alcohols are water-soluble.
Phenols are molecules that contain an –OH group that is directly attached
to a benzene ring.
As the hydrocarbon part of alcohol gets larger, the alcohol becomes less
water-soluble and more soluble in a nonpolar solvent.
Phenol is somewhat soluble in water. It acts as a weak acid in the water,
therefore, a solution of phenol will be slightly acidic.
Apparatus

test tube and test tube rack water bath

hot plate test tube holder

 Materials
Ethyl Alcohol Phenol Isopropyl Alcohol Tert-butyl Alcohol Potassium Dichromate

Sulfuric Acid Ferric Chloride Resocinol Salicylic Acid Butanol Water

 PROCEDURE
1 ml of ethyl alcohol was placed in a test tube.
Then, 3 ml of water were added and shaken.
Solubility
The same steps were repeated using phenol
instead of ethyl alcohol Ethanol was miscible while phenol was partially

It was observed and recorded the changes. miscible.

This means Ethanol is more soluble than

RESULTS AND ANALYSIS phenol.

When water was added to the test tube with
ethyl alcohol, the ethanol dissolved easily. The
solution had no layers and is uniform throughout.

When water was added to the test tube with

phenol, only some appeared to be dissolved. The
solution was layered. It had a seemingly only
water at the top, phenol in the bottom, and a
mixture of the two in between with more water
on the upper parts and more phenol in the
bottom parts.

Ethanol Phenol
 DISCUSSION
Ethanol has a two-carbon chain and an -OH group. The
said -OH group attracts water and forms hydrogen
Solubility
bonds because both are polar. The carbon chain is non-
polar and it is repelled. The intermolecular hydrogen
bonding is very high which is why it is soluble in water.

Phenol has a phenyl group and an -OH group. It also

forms hydrogen bonds on water because of its -OH Ethanol Phenol
group. However, because of its non-polar phenyl group,
its solubility is much lower. The intermolecular
hydrogen bonding is still there which is why it is also
soluble in water.

CONCLUSION
The solubility of alcohols depends on the stronger of
the two forces: Non-polar and the Polar -OH part.
Alcohols with lesser carbon atoms like ethanol,
methanol, and propanol are miscible and therefore
soluble but alcohols with more carbon atoms are
partially soluble like phenols. Alcohols with 8 or
more carbon atoms are considered immiscible

The amounts are in mol/100g of H2O at 1atm and 25oC.

Oxidation PROCEDURE

Reaction of 2 ml of ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, and tert-

butyl alcohol were placed respectively in 3
Alcohols separate test tubes. 5 drops of potassium
dichromate and 5 drops of sulfuric acid were
added. The mixture was heated in a boiling water
bath. After removing from water bath, it was
observed and changes were recorded.

RESULTS AND ANALYSIS

When ethyl alcohol was added with potassium
dichromate a light yellow color occurred. In the case of
isopropyl alcohol a yellow cloud-like was formed.
Lastly, in tert-butyl alcohol a stronger yellow color and
somewhat particles were observed
When sulfuric acid were added to the mixture, the test
tube with ethyl alcohol turned into dark brown.
Meanwhile, the test tube with isopropyl alcohol turned
into lighter and clearer brown. And in the test tube
with tert-butyl alcohol it remained yellow but this time
clearer
Oxidation RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
Reaction of After it was heated in the water bath, the first

Alcohols mixture with ethyl alcohol became dark brown

without the yellow precipitate. The test tube
with isopropyl became clear but suspended
brown particles were observed at the bottom.
The mixture of tert-butyl alcohol stays yellow
and this time a clud-like formation has occured

DISCUSSION

In rating the oxidation of the three alcohols

(ethyl, isopropyl,tert-butyl): Ethyl alcohol goes
first since it was perfectly oxidised, followed
by the isopropyl, and tert-butyl at the last
since there were no changes when sulfuric
acid and heat were applied
Oxidation
Reaction of
Alcohols CONCLUSION
Potassium dichromate is an
oxidising agent. If oxidation occurs
there should be a change of color
when an acid is applied. In the
experiment, it is proven that primary
alcohols are most likely to be
oxidized than secondary and tertiary
alcohols
 Ferric Chloride color test
PROCEDURE
1 ml of phenol was placed in a test tube. 1 drop of ferric chloride that was freshly
prepared was added. The two steps were repeated this time using resorcinol,
salicylic acid, and 1-butanol. Carefully observed and recorded the changes.

Before a drop of ferric chloride was added After a drop of ferric chloride was added

Phenol Resorcinol

Salicylic
acid 1-butanol
 Ferric Chloride color test
RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
When a drop of freshly prepared ferric chloride was added to the test tube with
phenol, the coloration of the solution happened which turned into violet. On the
other hand, when resorcinol was used instead of phenol, the color also changed
and turned into solid yellow. Same goes when salicylic acid was added with a
drop of ferric chloride, the color turned into violet. Meanwhile, with 1-butanol
majority of the solution stayed clear and there is just a little part at the bottom
that became dark yellow. A color complex occurred because of the reaction
between the solutions from phenol group and ferric chloride.

Phenol Resorcinol Salicylic acid 1-butanol

 Ferric Chloride color test
DISCUSSION
The ferric chloride color test detects the presence of a phenol group in a compound
through the reaction between the solutions of phenol group and aqueous ferric
chloride. A color complex happens when a there is a presence of compound with
phenol group. The compounds with a phenol group forms a color complex of blue,
violet, purple, green, or red-brown upon the reaction with ferric chloride. Phenols
produce deep color with FeCl3 because of the formation of ferric phenoxide which
gives different colored water soluble complex compounds.

CONCLUSION
In this experiment, a negative test was indicated in resorcinol and 1-butanol as
resorcinol provides a dark yellow color and 1-butanol has a little dark yellow but
majority are clear. Meanwhile, a positive test of phenol was indicated in the
salicylic acid due to the violet color it provides after being added with 1 drop of
ferric chloride, this is because salicylic acid contains a phenol group and is a
phenolic compound. Positive test of phenol should provide an intense color
ranging from purple to reddish brown to green.
 Question
How are alcohols and phenols used in
the medical field and in the industry?

Alcohol and phenol has been used to disinfect skin and to

relieve itching. Phenol is also used as an oral analgesic or
anesthetic
 Question
How are alcohols and phenols used in
the medical field and in the industry?

In industry, alcohol's common uses include cleaners, cosmetics, fuels,

pharmaceuticals, textiles and much more. You'll also find alcohols in
antifreeze, solvents, dyes and inks. Phenol is used as a starting
material to make plastics, explosives such as picric acid, and drugs
such as aspirin.
 REFERENCES
Organic Chemistry. (n.d.). Chemistry LibreText. Retrieved April 26, 2022, from
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)/17%3A_Alcohols_and_Phenols/17.00%3A_Introduction
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Alcohol%20Products&text=Common%20uses%20include%20cleaners%2C%20cosmetics,ba
sed%20product%20in%20some%20capacity.
A. (2021, March 22). General Data Protection Regulation(GDPR) Guidelines BYJU’S. BYJUS.
https://byjus.com/chemistry/phenol-physical-chemical-properties/
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OF things. Solubility of Things. https://www.solubilityofthings.com/water/alcohols
Cik Siti Azurerose [Cik Siti Azurerose Channel ]. (2020, October 27). Organic Chemistry
Experiment: Solubility of Alcohol and Phenol [Video]. YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ilVEmFOweVA&t=197s
Ruiz, J. [John Michael Ruiz]. (2020, November 26). Alcohols and Phenols [Video]. YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xz7ylf6uCiU&t=320s
Just a moment. . . (2017). ScienceDirect. Retrieved April 27, 2022, from
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fbclid=IwAR106d5low1l4OVJGbaWAN6cd8tDysp0Ko8mK4S_gbzuCqpe0vtBjXnHPcs#:%7E:t
ext=This%20group%20can%20also%20participate,enhancing%20their%20solubility%20in%
20water
Thank
You