INFORMATICS

PRACTICES
PROJECT ON : DAILY SPIKES IN COVID-19 CASES
IN THE MONTH OF DEC 2021
CLASS =XII

SIDDHARTHA PUBLIC SCHOOL,KUMELSINGHA

CONCEPT USED : Pandas and Matplotlib

Developed by : Dibya Jyotirmayee Baitharu
Roll no. =
Class : XII
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INDEX
S.No DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.
1. CERTIFICATE 4
2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 5
3. Aim & Problem 7
Definition ,Front-End,
Back End, Operating
system
4. Hardware/Software 8
configuration required
5. Introduction to 9
project
6. Overview of Python 10
7. History of Python 11
8. Python Features 12-13
9. Design & Phylosophy 13-24
10. CSV File 25
11. Source Code 26-28
12. Output
13. BIBLIOGRAPHY

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CIRTIFICATE

This is to certify that Miss Dibya Jyotirmayee

Baitharu of class -XII-SIDDHARTHA PUBLIC SCHOOL,
KUMELSINGHA satisfactorily completed the project
on “DAILY SPIKES IN COVID CASES DURING THE
MONTHS OF DEC 2021” of INFORMATICS
PRACTICES.

Sign of internal Sign of external

Examiner : Examiner :

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my special thanks of

gratitude to my special teacher Mr.MAHENDRA
SINGH who gave me the golden opportunity to
do this project .This is also helped me to know
so many new things while doing the project . I
am really thankful to you and colleagues who
gave me valuable suggestions on this project
made by me which gave me inspiration to
improve my work . I thank all the people who
have helped me in completing this project .

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To develope
Daily spikes in covid-19 in the month of Dec-2021

FRONT END :
Python 5.10.2/Pandas

BACK END :
Python 5.10.2/Matplotlib

OPERATING SYSTEM:
Ms-Windows 10

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HARDWARE & SOFTWARE

REQUIREMENTS :
Hardware Requirement
Pentium 3/4/Core 2 Duo/Dual core/i3/i5/i7 With at least 256 MB RAM 2
MB free space on Hard Disk Color Monitor/LCD

Operating System & Compiler

MS Windows 10 or above

Python with related libraries used for Data Analysis

Open Source Software Being Used :

1.Python 5.10.2
Pandas

Matplotlib

PANDAS:
Pandas is a software library written for the Python programming
language for data manipulation and analysis. In particular, it offers
data structures and operations for manipulating numerical tables and
time series.

To import this library:

import pandas as pd

MATPLOTLIB
Matplotlib is a plotting library for the Python programming language
and its numerical mathematics extension NumPy.

To import this library:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import numpy as np

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covid-19
INTRODUCTION TO

pandemic analysis
system
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a
newly discovered coronavirus.

Most people infected with the COVID-19 virus will experience mild to
moderate respiratory illness and recover without requiring special
treatment. Older people, and those with underlying medical problems
like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and
cancer are more likely to develop serious illness.

The best way to prevent and slow down transmission is be well

informed about the COVID-19 virus, the disease it causes and how it
spreads. Protect yourself and others from infection by washing your
hands or using an alcohol based rub frequently and not touching your
face.

The COVID-19 virus spreads primarily through droplets of saliva or

discharge from the nose when an infected person coughs or sneezes,
so it’s important that you also practice respiratory etiquette (for
example, by coughing into a flexed elbow).

At this time, there are no specific vaccines or treatments for COVID -

19. However, there are many ongoing clinical trials evaluating
potential treatments. WHO will continue to provide updated information
as soon as clinical findings become available.

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OVEVIEW OF Python
scripting language. Python is designed to be highly readable. It uses
English keywords frequently where as other languages use
punctuation, and it has fewer syntactical constructions than other
languages.

" Python is Interpreted : Python is processed at runtime by

the interpreter. You do not need to compile your program before
executing it. This is similar to PERL and PHP.

" Python is Interactive : You can actually sit at a Python

prompt and interact with the interpreter directly to write yo ur
programs.

" Python is Object-Oriented : Python supports Object-

Oriented style or technique of programming that encapsulates code
within objects.

“ Python is a Beginner's Language : Python is a great

language for the beginner-level programmers and supports the
development of a wide range of applications from simple text
processing to WWW browsers to games.

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History of Python
Python was developed by Guido van Rossum in the late eighties and
early nineties at the National Research Institute for Mathematics and
Computer Science in the Netherlands.

Python is derived from many other languages, including ABC, Modula -3,
C, C++, Algol-68, SmallTalk, and Unix shell and other scripting
languages.

Python is copyrighted. Like Perl, Python source code is now available

under the GNU General Public License (GPL).

Python is now maintained by a core development team at the institute,

although Guido van Rossum still holds a vital role in directing its
progress.

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Python Features
Python's features include −

• Easy-to-learn − Python has few keywords,

simple structure, and a clearly defined syntax. This
allows the student to pick up the language quickly.

• Easy-to-read − Python code is more clearly

defined and visible to the eyes.

• Easy-to-maintain − Python's source code is

fairly easy-to-maintain.

• A broad standard library − Python's bulk

of the library is very portable and cross-platform
compatible on UNIX, Windows, and Macintosh.

• Interactive Mode − Python has support for

an interactive mode which allows interactive
testing and debugging of snippets of code.

• Portable − Python can run on a wide variety of

hardware platforms and has the same interface on
all platforms.

• Extendable − You can add low-level modules

to the Python interpreter. These modules enable
programmers to add to or customize their tools to
be more efficient.

• Databases − Python provides interfaces to all

major commercial databases.

• GUI Programming − Python supports GUI

applications that can be created and ported to
many system calls, libraries and windows systems,
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such as Windows MFC, Macintosh, and the X
Window system of Unix.

• Scalable − Python provides a better structure

and support for large programs than shell scripting.

Apart from the above-mentioned features, Python has a big list of good
features, few are listed below −

• It supports functional and structured programming methods as

well as OOP.

• It can be used as a scripting language or can be compiled to byte -

code for building large applications.

• It provides very high-level dynamic data types and supports

dynamic type checking.

• It supports automatic garbage collection.

• It can be easily integrated with C, C++, COM, ActiveX, CORBA, and

Java.

Design & Phylosophy :

Python is a multi-paradigm programming language. Object-oriented
programming and structured programming are fully supported, and
many of its features support functional programming and aspect-
oriented programming (including by metaprogramming [ 5 7 ] and
metaobjects [magic methods] ). [ 5 8 ] Many other paradigms are supported
via extensions, including design by contract [ 5 9 ] [ 6 0 ] and logic
programming. [ 6 1 ]

Python uses dynamic typing, and a combination of reference counting

and a cycle-detecting garbage collector for memory management. [ 6 2 ] It
uses dynamic name resolution (late binding), which binds method and
variable names during program execution.

Its design offers some support for functional programmi ng in the Lisp
tradition. It has filter , map and reduce functions; list comprehensions,
dictionaries, sets, and generator expressions. [ 6 3 ] The standard library

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has two modules ( itertools and functools ) that implement functional
tools borrowed from Haskell and Standard ML. [ 6 4 ]

Its core philosophy is summarized in the document The Zen of Python

(PEP 20), which includes aphorisms such as: [ 6 5 ]

Beautiful is better than ugly.

Explicit is better than implicit.

Simple is better than complex.

Complex is better than complicated.

Readability counts.

Rather than building all of its functionality into its core, Python was
designed to be highly extensible via modules. This compact modularity
has made it particularly popular as a means of adding programmable
interfaces to existing applications. Van Rossum's vision of a small
core language with a large standard library and easily extensible
interpreter stemmed from his frustrations with ABC, which espoused
the opposite approach. [ 3 9 ]

Python strives for a simpler, less-cluttered syntax and grammar while

giving developers a choice in their coding methodology. In contrast to
Perl's "there is more than one way to do it" motto, Python embraces a
"there should be one—and preferably only one—obvious way to do it"
philosophy. [ 6 5 ] Alex Martelli, a Fellow at the Python Software
Foundation and Python book author, wrote: "To describe something as
'clever' is not considered a compliment in the Python culture." [ 6 6 ]

Python's developers strive to avoid premature optimization, and reject

patches to non-critical parts of the CPython reference implementation
that would offer marginal increases in speed at the cost o f clarity. [ 6 7 ]
When speed is important, a Python programmer can move time -critical
functions to extension modules written in languages such as C; or use
PyPy, a just-in-time compiler. Cython is also available, which
translates a Python script into C and makes direct C -level API calls
into the Python interpreter.

Python's developers aim for it to be fun to use. This is reflected in its

name—a tribute to the British comedy group Monty Python [ 6 8 ] —and in
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occasionally playful approaches to tutorials and reference materials,
such as examples that refer to spam and eggs (a reference to a Monty
Python sketch) instead of the standard foo and bar. [ 6 9 ] [ 7 0 ]

A common neologism in the Python community is pythonic, which has a

wide range of meanings related to program style. "Pythonic" code may
use Python idioms well, be natural or show fluency in the language, or
conform with Python's minimalist philosophy and emphasis on
readability. Code that is difficult to understand or reads like a rough
transcription from another programming language is called
unpythonic. [ 7 1 ] [ 7 2 ]

Python users and admirers, especially those considered knowledgeable

or experienced, are often referred to as Pythonistas. [ 7 3 ] [ 7 4 ]

Syntax and semantics :

Python is meant to be an easily readable language. Its formatting is
visually uncluttered, and often uses English keywords where other
languages use punctuation. Unlike many other languages, it does not
use curly brackets to delimit blocks, and semicolons after statements
are allowed but rarely used. It has fewer syntactic exceptions and
special cases than C or Pascal. [ 7 5 ]

Indentation :
Python uses whitespace indentation, rather than curly brackets or
keywords, to delimit blocks. An increase in indentation comes after
certain statements; a decrease in indentation signifies the end of the
current block. [ 7 6 ] Thus, the program's visual structure accurately
represents its semantic structure. [ 7 7 ] This feature is sometimes termed
the off-side rule. Some other languages use indentation this way; but in
most, indentation has no semantic meaning. The recommended indent
size is four spaces. [ 7 8 ]

Statements and control flow :

Python's statements include:

The assignment statement, using a single equals sign =

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The if statement, which conditionally executes a block of code, along
with else and elif (a contraction of else-if)

The for statement, which iterates over an iterable object, capturing

each element to a local variable for use by the attached block

The while statement, which executes a block of code as long as its

condition is true

The try statement, which allows exceptions raised in its attached code
block to be caught and handled by except clauses; it also ensures that
clean-up code in a finally block is always run regardless of how the
block exits

The raise statement, used to raise a specified exception or re -raise a

caught exception

The class statement, which executes a block of code and attaches its
local namespace to a class, for use in object-oriented programming

The def statement, which defines a function or method

The with statement, which encloses a code block within a context

manager (for example, acquiring a lock before it is run, then releasing
the lock; or opening and closing a file), allowing resource-acquisition-
is-initialization (RAII)-like behavior and replacing a common try/finally
idiom [ 7 9 ]

The break statement, which exits a loop

The continue statement, which skips the current iteration and c ontinues
with the next

The del statement, which removes a variable—deleting the reference

from the name to the value, and producing an error if the variable is
referred to before it is redefined

The pass statement, serving as a NOP, syntactically needed to create

an empty code block

The assert statement, used in debugging to check for con ditions that
should apply

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The yield statement, which returns a value from a generator function
(and also an operator); used to implement coroutines

The return statement, used to return a value from a function

The import statement, used to import modules whose functions or

variables can be used in the current program

The assignment statement (=) binds a name as a reference to a separate, dynamically-allocated object.
Variables may subsequently be rebound at any time to any object. In Python, a variable name is a generic
reference holder without a fixed data type; however, it always refers to some object with a type. This is
called dynamic typing—in contrast to statically-typed languages, where each variable may contain only a
value of a certain type.

Python does not support tail call optimization or first-class continuations, and, according to van Rossum, it
never will.[80][81] However, better support for coroutine-like functionality is provided by extending Python's
generators.[82] Before 2.5, generators were lazy iterators; data was passed unidirectionally out of the
generator. From Python 2.5 on, it is possible to pass data back into a generator function; and from version
3.3, it can be passed through multiple stack levels.[83]

Expressions :
Some Python expressions are similar to those in languages such as C
and Java, while some are not:

Addition, subtraction and multiplication are the same, but the behavior
of division differs. There are two types of divisions in Python: floor
division (or integer division) // and floating-point / division. [ 8 4 ] Python
also uses the ** operator for exponentiation.

The @ infix operator was introduced in Python 3.5. It is intended to be

used by libraries such as NumPy for matrix multiplication. [ 8 5 ] [ 8 6 ]

The syntax := , called the "walrus operator", was introduced in Python

3.8. It assigns values to variables as part of a larger expression. [ 8 7 ]

In Python, == compares by value, versus Java, which compares

numerics by value [ 8 8 ] and objects by reference. [ 8 9 ] Python's is operator
may be used to compare object identities (comparison by reference),
and comparisons may be chained—for example, a <= b <= c .

Python uses and , or , and not as boolean operators rather than the
symbolic && , || , ! in Java and C.

Python has a type of expression called a list comprehension , as well as

a more general expression called a generator expression. [ 6 3 ]

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Anonymous functions are implemented using lambda expressions;
however, there may be only one expression in each body.

Conditional expressions are writte n as x if c else y [ 9 0 ] (different in

order of operands from the c ? x : y operator common to many other
languages).

Python makes a distinction between lists and tuples. Lists are written
as [1, 2, 3] , are mutable, and cannot be used as the keys of
dictionaries (dictionary keys must be immutable in Python). Tuples,
written as (1, 2, 3) , are immutable and thus can be used as keys of
dictionaries, provided all of the tuple's elements are immutable. The +
operator can be used to concatenate two tuples, which does not
directly modify their contents, but produces a new tuple containing the
elements of both. Thus, given the variable t initially equal to (1, 2, 3) ,
executing t = t + (4, 5) first evaluates t + (4, 5) , which yields (1, 2, 3,
4, 5) , which is then assigned back to t —thereby effectively "modifying
the contents" of t while conforming to the immutable nature of tuple
objects. Parentheses are optional for tuples in unambiguous
contexts. [ 9 1 ]

Python features sequence unpacking where multiple expressions, each

evaluating to anything that can be assigned (to a variable, writable
property, etc.) are associated in an identical manner to that forming
tuple literals—and, as a whole, are put on the left-hand side of the
equal sign in an assignment statement. The statement expects an
iterable object on the right-hand side of the equal sign that produces
the same number of values as the provided writable expressions; when
iterated through them, it assigns each of the produced values to the
corresponding expression on the left. [ 9 2 ]

Python has a "string format" operator % that functions analogously to

printf format strings in C—e.g. "spam=%s eggs=%d" % ("blah", 2) evaluates
to "spam=blah eggs=2" . In Python 2.6+ and 3+, this was supplemented by
the format() method of the str class, e.g. "spam={0}
eggs={1}".format("blah", 2) . Python 3.6 added "f-strings": blah = "blah";
eggs = 2; f'spam={blah} eggs={eggs}' . [ 9 3 ]

Strings in Python can be concatenated by "adding" them (with the

same operator as for adding integers and floats), e.g. "spam" + "eggs"

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returns "spameggs" . If strings contain numbers, they are added as strings
rather than integers, e.g. "2" + "2" returns "22" .

Python has various string literals:

Delimited by single or double quote marks. Unlike in Unix shells, Perl

and Perl-influenced languages, single and double quote marks function
identically. Both use the backslash ( \ ) as an escape character. String
interpolation became available in Python 3.6 as "formatted string
literals". [ 9 3 ]

Triple-quoted (beginning and ending with three single or double quote

marks), which may span multiple lines and function like here
documents in shells, Perl and Ruby.

Raw string varieties, denoted by prefixing the string literal with r.

Escape sequences are not interpreted; hence raw strings are useful
where literal backslashes are common, such as regular expressions
and Windows-style paths. (Compare " @ -quoting" in C#.)

Python has array index and array slicing expressions in lists, denoted
as a[key] , a[start:stop] or a[start:stop:step] . Indexes are zero-based, and
negative indexes are relative to the end. Slices take elements from the
start index up to, but not including, the stop index. The third slice
parameter, called step or stride, allows elements to be skipped and
reversed. Slice indexes may be omitted —for example a[:] returns a
copy of the entire list. Each element of a slice is a shallow copy.

In Python, a distinction between expressions and statements is rigidly

enforced, in contrast to languages such as Common Lisp, Scheme, or
Ruby. This leads to duplicating some functionality. For example:

List comprehensions vs. for -loops

Conditional expressions vs. if blocks

The eval() vs. exec() built-in functions (in Python 2, exec is a statement);
the former is for expressions, the latter is for statements

Statements cannot be a part of an expression —so list and other

comprehensions or lambda expressions, all being expressions, cannot
contain statements. A particular case is that an assignment statement
such as a = 1 cannot form part of the conditional expression of a
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conditional statement. This has the advantage of avoiding a classic C
error of mistaking an assignment operator = for an equality operator ==
in conditions: if (c = 1) { ... } is syntactically valid (but probably
unintended) C code, but if c = 1: ... causes a syntax error in Python.

Methods :
Methods on objects are functions attached to the object's class; the
syntax instance.method(argument) is, for normal methods and functions,
syntactic sugar for Class.method(instance, argument) . Python methods
have an explicit self parameter to access instance data, in contrast to
the implicit self (or this ) in some other object-oriented programming
languages (e.g., C++, Java, Objective-C, Ruby). [ 9 4 ] Python also provides
methods, often called dunder methods (due to their names beginning
and ending with double-underscores), to allow user-defined classes to
modify how they are handled by native operations including length,
comparison, in arithmetic operations and type conversion. [ 9 5 ]

Typing :

The standard type hierarchy in Python 3

Python uses duck typing and has typed objects but untyped variable
names. Type constraints are not checked at compile time; rather,
operations on an object may fail, signifying that it is not of a suitable
type. Despite being dynamically-typed, Python is strongly-typed,
forbidding operations that are not well -defined (for example, adding a
number to a string) rather than silently attempting to make sense of
them.

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Python allows programmers to define their own types using classes,
most often used for object-oriented programming. New instances of
classes are constructed by calling the class (for example, SpamClass() or
EggsClass() ), and the classes are instances of the metaclass type (itself
an instance of itself), allowing metaprogramming and reflection.

Before version 3.0, Python had two kinds of classes: old -style and new-
style. [ 9 6 ] The syntax of both is the same, the difference being whether
the class object is inherited from, directly or indirectly (all new -style
classes inherit from object and are instances of type ). In versions of
Python 2 from Python 2.2 onwards, both kinds of classes can be used.
Old-style classes were eliminated in Python 3.0.

The long-term plan is to support gradual typing. [ 9 7 ] From Python 3.5 on,
the language's syntax allows specifying static types, but they are not
checked in the default implementation, CPython. An experimental
optional static type-checker, mypy, supports compile-time type
checking. [ 9 8 ]

Summary of Python 3's built-in types

Type Mutability Description Syntax examples
True
bool immutable Boolean value False
bytearray(b'Some ASCII')
bytearray(b"Some ASCII")
bytearray mutable Sequence of bytes bytearray([119, 105, 107,
105])
b'Some ASCII'
bytes immutable Sequence of bytes b"Some ASCII"
bytes([119, 105, 107, 105])
Complex number
3+2.7j
complex immutable with real and 3 + 2.7j
imaginary parts
Associative array
(or dictionary) of
key and value pairs;
{'key1': 1.0, 3: False}
dict mutable can contain mixed {}
types (keys and
values), keys must
be a hashable type
An ellipsis
placeholder to be ...
types.EllipsisType immutable Ellipsis
used as an index in
NumPy arrays
Double-precision
float immutable 1.33333
floating-point
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number. The
precision is
machine-dependent
but in practice is
generally
implemented as a
64-bit IEEE 754
number with 53 bits
of precision.[99]
Unordered set,
contains no
frozenset([4.0, 'string',
frozenset immutable duplicates; can True])
contain mixed
types, if hashable
Integer of unlimited
int immutable 42
magnitude[100]
List, can contain [4.0, 'string', True]
list mutable []
mixed types
An object
representing the
types.NoneType immutable absence of a value, None
often called null in
other languages
A placeholder that
can be returned
from overloaded
types.NotImplementedType immutable operators to NotImplemented
indicate
unsupported
operand types.
A Sequence of
numbers commonly
used for looping range(-1, 10)
range immutable
specific number of range(10, -5, -2)
times in for
loops[101]
Unordered set,
contains no
{4.0, 'string', True}
set mutable duplicates; can set()
contain mixed
types, if hashable
'Wikipedia'
A character string: "Wikipedia"
str immutable sequence of """Spanning
Unicode codepoints multiple
lines"""
Can contain mixed (4.0, 'string', True)
tuple immutable ('single element',)
types ()

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Arithmetic operations :
Python has the usual symbols for arithmetic operators ( + , - , * , / ), the
floor division operator // and the modulo operation % (where the
remainder can be negative, e.g. 4 % -3 == -2 ). It also has ** for
exponentiation, e.g. 5**3 == 125 and 9**0.5 == 3.0 , and a
matrix-multiplication operator @ . [102]
These operators work like in
traditional math; with the same precedence rules, the operators infix ( +
and - can also be unary to represent positive and negative numbers
respectively).

The division between integers produces floating -point results. The

behavior of division has changed significantly over time: [ 1 0 3 ]

Current Python (i.e. since 3.0) changed / to always be floating-point

division, e.g. 5/2 == 2.5 .

Python 2.2 changed integer division to round towards negative infinity,

e.g. 7/3 == 2 and -7/3 == -3 . The floor division // operator was
introduced. So 7//3 == 2 , -7//3 == -3 , 7.5//3 == 2.0 and -7.5//3 == -3.0 .
Adding from __future__ import division causes a module to use
Python 3.0 rules for division (see above).

Python 2.1 and earlier used C's division behavior. The / operator is
integer division if both operands are integers, and floating -point
division otherwise. Integer division rounds towards 0, e.g. 7/3 == 2 and
-7/3 == -2 .

In Python terms, / is true division (or simply division), and // is floor

division. / before version 3.0 is classic division. [103]

Rounding towards negative infinity, though different from most

languages, adds consistency. For instance, it means that the equation
(a + b)//b == a//b + 1 is always true. It also means that the equation
b*(a//b) + a%b == a is valid for both positive and negative values of a.
However, maintaining the validity of this equation means that while the
result of a%b is, as expected, in the half-open interval [0, b), where b is
a positive integer, it has to lie in the interval (b, 0] when b is
negative. [ 1 0 4 ]

Python provides a round function for rounding a float to the nearest

integer. For tie-breaking, Python 3 uses round to even: round(1.5) and

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round(2.5) both produce 2 . [105]
Versions before 3 used round-away-from-
zero: round(0.5) is 1.0 , round(-0.5) is −1.0 . [ 1 0 6 ]

Python allows boolean expressions with multiple equality relations in a

manner that is consistent with general use in mathematics. For
example, the expression a < b < c tests whether a is less than b and b is
less than c . [107]
C-derived languages interpret this expression
differently: in C, the expression would first evaluate a < b, resulting in
0 or 1, and that result would then be compared with c.[108]

Python uses arbitrary-precision arithmetic for all integer operations.

The Decimal type/class in the decimal module provides decimal floating-
point numbers to a pre-defined arbitrary precision and seve ral rounding
modes. [ 1 0 9 ] The Fraction class in the fractions module provides arbitrary
precision for rational numbers. [ 1 1 0 ]

Due to Python's extensive mathematics library, and the third -party

library NumPy that further extends the native capabilities, it is
frequently used as a scientific scripting language to aid in problems
such as numerical data processing and manipulation. [ 1 1 1 ] [ 11 2

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CSV FILE

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SOURCE CODE
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
df=pd.read_csv("C\\Users\\hcl\\Desktop\\covid19.csv",encoding='latin1',index_col=0)
cov=pd.DataFrame(df,columns=["DATE","ACTIVE","RECOVERED","CONFIRMED","DEATHS"])
ch='y'
while ch=='y' or ch=='Y':
print("Main Menu")
print("1.Fetch Data")
print("2.Dataframe Statistics")
print("3.Display Records")
#print("4.Search specific row/column")
print("4.Data Visualisation")
print("5.Data analytics")
print("6.Exit")
ch1=int(input("Enter your choice"))
if ch1==1:
print("DISPLAYING DAILY SPIKES IN COVID CASES IN THE MONTH OF DEC 2021")
print("====================================")
print(cov)
elif ch1==2:
while(True):
print("Dataframe Statistics Menu")
print("1.Display all column names")
print("2.Display the indexes")
print("3.Display the shape")
print("4.Display the dimension")
print("5.Display the data types of all columns")
print("6.Display the size")
print("7.Exit")
ch2=int(input("Enterchoice"))
if ch2==1:
print(cov.columns)
elif ch2==2:
print(cov.index)
elif ch2==3:
print(cov.shape)
elif ch2==4:
print(cov.ndim)
elif ch2==5:
print(cov.dtypes)
elif ch2==6:
print(cov.size)
elif ch2==7:
break
elif ch1==3:
while(True):
print("Display Records Menu")
print("1.Top 5 Records")
print("2.Bottom 5 Records")
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print("3.Specific number of records from the top")
print("4.Specific number of records from the bottom")
#print("5.Display records of a specific date")
#print("6.Display records of all dates")
print("5.Exit")
ch3=int(input("Enterchoice"))
if ch3==1:
print(cov.head())
elif ch3==2:
print(cov.tail())
elif ch3==3:
n=int(input("Enter how many records you want to display from the bottom")
print(cov.head(n))
elif ch3==4:
n=int(input("Enter how many records you want to display from the top")
print(cov.tail(n))
elif ch3==5:
break
elif ch1==4:
while(True):
print("Data Visualisation Menu")
print("1.Lineplot--> No.of active cases")
print("2.Histogram--> No. of recovered")
print("3.Horizontal bar plot--> No. of confirmed cases")
print("4.Vertical bar plot--> No. of deaths")
print("5.Exit")
ch5=int(input("Enter choice"))
if ch5==1:
x=cov.index
y=cov['ACTIVE']
plt.plot(x,y)
plt.title("No.of active cases")
plt.xlabel("DATE")
plt.ylabel("ACTIVE CASES")
plt.show()
elif ch5==2:
plt.hist([cov.index,cov.RECOVERED],bins=100,edgecolour="black",color=['orange','red'])
plt.title("No. of recovered")
plt.xlabel("DATE")
plt.ylabel("RECOVERED")
plt.show()
elif ch5==3:
plt.barh(cov.index,cov.CONFIRMED)
plt.title("No.of confirmed cases")
plt.xlabel("DATE")
plt.ylabel("CONFIRMED CASES")
plt.show()
elif ch5==4:
plt.bar(cov.index,cov.DEATHS)
plt.title("No.of deaths")
plt.xlabel("DATE")
plt.ylabel("DEATHS")
plt.show()
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elif ch5==5:
break

elif ch1==5:
while(True):
print("Data Analytics Menu")
print("1.Date on which maximum active cases were observed")
print("2.Date on which minimum active cases were observed")
print("3.Date on which maximum recovered cases were observed")
print("4.Date on which minimum recovered cases were observed")
ptint("5.Date on which maximum confirmed cases were observed")
print("6.Date on which minimum confirmed cases were observed")
print("7.Date on which maximum deaths were observed")
print("8.Date on which minimum deaths were observed")
print("9.Exit")
ch6=int(input("Enterchoice;"))
if ch6==1:
m=cov['ACTIVE'].max()
s=cov.loc[cov.ACTIVE==m]
print("Date on which maximum active cases were observed--",m,"is\n",s.index)
elif ch6==2:
m=cov['ACTIVE'].min()
s=cov.loc[cov.ACTIVE==m]
print("Date on which minimum active cases were observed--",m,"s\n",s.index)
elif ch6==3:
m=cov['RECOVERED'].max()
s=cov.loc[cov.RECOVERED==m]
print("Date on which maximum recovered cases were observed--",m,"is\n"s.index)
elif ch6==4:
m=cov['RECOVERED'].min()
s=cov.loc[cov.RECOVERED==m]
print("Date on which minimum recovered cases were observed--",m,"is\n"s.index)
elif ch6==5:
m=cov['CONFIRMED'].max()
s=cov.loc[cov.CONFIRMED==m]
print("Date on which maximum confirmed cases were observed--",m,"is\n",s.index)
elif ch6==6:
m=cov['CONFIRMED'].min()
s=cov.loc[cov.CONFIRMED==m]
print("Date on which minimum comfirmed cases were observed--",m,"is\n",s.index)
elif ch6==7:
m=cov['DEATHS'].max()
s=cov.loc[cov.DEATHS==m]
print("Date on which maximum deaths were observed--",m,"is\n",s.index)
elif ch6==8:
m=cov['DEATHS'].min()
s=cov.loc[cov.DEATHS==m]
print("Date on which minimum deaths were observed--",m,"is\n",s.index)
elif ch6==9:
break
elif ch1==6:
break

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

❖ Youtube
❖ Python software
❖ NCERT book
❖ Class notes
❖ Web browser
-Chrome
❖ MS Excel
❖ MS Word
❖ News paper
❖ Covid 19- Data

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