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LAB 1

LAB # 1

AN OVERVIEW OF NETWORKING & NETWORK

DEVICES
OBJECTIVE 1 (A)
To discover the different network topologies and network devices

OBJECTIVE 1 (B)
To learn about the network devices of layer 1(Physical Layer) and layer 2 (Data link Layer) of OSI
model.

Q1: Write down the types of LAN Cards.

Answer:

A LAN card typically connects the computer with the network which are usually built in your
computer. Generally there are 5 types of LAN Cards.

 Network Card for desktop computers.

 Wireless LAN Card for wireless connections
 Integrated LAN Cards integrated into the motherboard circuitry.
 Port-Based LAN Cards.
 Integrated Wi-Fi: NIC Card.

Q2: Write down the types of Modem.

Answer:

A modem is a small box that connects your devices to the Internet using cables. There are 3
types of modems

 DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) on telephone lines

 Dialup
 Fiber which uses optic cable network to transfer signals

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Q2: Differentiate between manageable and unmanageable switches/bridges.

Answer:

The following points depicts the key points between manageable and unmanageable network
switches:
 A managed network switch provides flexibility to the network administrator to control,
manage, and prioritize the LAN traffic. However, an unmanaged switch works like a plug
and play switch which allows devices on the LAN to communicate with each other,
without user intervention.
 Managed network switches are equipped with advanced security features which help to
protect data and help to avoid active threats and gets shutdown. In Unmanageable switch,
they have basic security features such as port cover
 he unmanaged network switches are available in affordable price ranges, whereas the
managed switches are available in higher price ranges owing to their advanced features.

Q3: Describe the different types of ports in manageable switches.

Answer:

Access Port

Access port is used for connecting devices such as desktops, laptops, printers etc., only available
in access link. A switch port in access modes belongs to one specific VLAN and sends and
receives regular Ethernet frames in untagged form.

Trunk Port

Trunk port is adopted among switches or between switch and upper-level devices, available in
trunk link. A trunk port allows for several VLANs set up on the interface

Hybrid Port

Hybrid port can be used to connect network devices, as well as user devices. It supports both
untagged VLAN like access port and tagged VLAN like trunk port, and it can receive data from
one or more VLANs.

Stack Port

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Stack port, a special functional port on the switch, is used to connect with other stackable
switches of the same model, brand and software version to operate as a single stackable switch.

Combo Port

Combo port is considered as a single interface with dual front ends, i.e. an RJ-45 connector and
an SFP module connector. In other words, it is a compound port which can support two different
physical, share the same switch fabric and port number.

Q4: Difference between Layer 2 and Layer 3 switches.

Answer:

Here are some important difference between Layer 2 and Layer 3 switching:

 Layer 2 switching is used to reduce traffic on the local network whereas Layer 3 is
mostly used to Implement VLAN.
 In Layer 2, switching packets are rerouted from the source to the destination port and in
Layer 3 switching, switches use a little time to check data packets before finding the best
available route to direct data packets to the destination port.
 Layer 2 uses the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) to discover other devices’ MAC
addresses whereas in Layer 3 devices utilize IP addresses for routing within Virtual
LANs (VLANs).
 Layer 2 switch comes with a little tendency of switching packets from one port to another
and in Layer 3 switching helps devices to communicate outside the networks

Q5: Describe the brief operation of the following SERVER Aurangzeb

Server Aurangzeb was basically a server which is used by SSUET, it operation mainly consists
of printing services which is provided by the university and it also includes the catalog for
attendance which is used to keep track for the student activities

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HOME TASKS

Q1: How many computer laboratories are in the SIR SYED University? Name them.

Answer:

SIR SYED University mainly in computer engineering department consists of 4 laboratries

which are mentioned below:

 BS-03: Artificial Intelligence Lab

 AT-02: Software Engineering Lab
 AT-03: Operating Systems Lab
 AT-04: Microprocessors and Microcontrollers lab
 AT-05: Cisco

Q2: Briefly describe any four (4)-network types.

A Computer Network is a group of two or more interconnected computer systems that use
common connection protocols for sharing various resources and files.

PAN (Personal Area Network) is a computer network formed around a person. It generally
consists of a computer, mobile, or personal digital assistant. PAN can be used for establishing
communication among these personal devices for connecting to a digital network and the internet
within a limited area

A Local Area Network (LAN) is a group of computer and peripheral devices which are
connected in a limited area such as school, laboratory, home, and office building. It is a widely
useful network for sharing resources like files, printers, games, and other application. LAN
operates at a relatively higher speed compared to other WAN systems.

WAN (Wide Area Network) is another important computer network that which is spread across a
large geographical area. WAN network system could be a connection of a LAN which connects
with other LAN’s using telephone lines and radio waves. It is mostly limited to an enterprise or
an organization.

A Metropolitan Area Network or MAN is consisting of a computer network across an entire

city, college campus, or a small region. This type of network is large than a LAN, which is
mostly limited to a single building or site. Depending upon the type of configuration, this type of
network allows you to cover an area from several miles to tens of miles.

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Q3: Describe the five (5) categories of UTP cable.

The most commonly used form of twisted pair is unshielded twisted pair (UTP). It consists of
color-coded copper wires, but does not include any foil or braiding as insulator to protect against
interference. The quality of UTP may vary from telephone-grade wire to extremely high-speed
cable.

Category 1 UTP Cable is mainly used in telephone wires which have a data rate for upto
1Mbps. This type of wire is not capable of supporting computer network traffic and is not
twisted.

Category 2 cable, also known as Cat 2, is a grade of unshielded twisted pair cabling designed
for token ring networks. The maximum frequency suitable for transmission over Cat 2 cable is 4
MHz, and the maximum bandwidth is 4 Mbit/s.

A Category 3 cable (Cat 3 cable) is a type of unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cable that is used
for voice and data communications in computer and telecommunication networks Cat 3 wire can
only handle data speeds of 10 Mbps, with a maximum frequency of 16 MHz.

Category 4 cable is a cable that consists of eight copper wires arranged in four unshielded
twisted pairs supporting signals up to 20 MHz. It is used in telephone networks which can
transmit voice and data up to 16 Mbit/s.

Category 5 cable (Cat 5) is a twisted pair cable for computer networks. Since 2001, the variant
commonly in use is the Category 5e specification (Cat 5e

Q4: Briefly describe: 1) PCI Card 2) ISA Card 3) SCSI Port 4) AUI Port

1) PCI Card

Peripheral Component Interconnect is a local computer bus for attaching hardware devices in a
computer and is part of the PCI Local Bus standard..Typical PCI cards used in PCs
include: network cards, sound cards, modems, extra ports such as Universal Serial Bus (USB) or
serial, TV tuner cards and hard disk drive host adapters.

2) ISA Card

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Stands for "Industry Standard Architecture." ISA is a type of bus used in PCs for adding
expansion cards. For example, an ISA slot may be used to add a video card, a network card, or
an extra serial port.

SCSI Port

SCSI Port is used to connect computer parts that use a system called SCSI to communicate with
each other. Generally, two connectors, designated male and female, plug together to form a
connection which allows two components, such as a computer and a disk drive, to communicate
with each other.

AUI Port

A 15-pin connector found on older network interface cards (NICs). This port allowed connecting the NIC
to different media types by using an external transceiver.

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