Design of Passive Common Mode Attenuation Methods For Inverter Fed Induction Motor Drive

This article has been accepted for publication in a future issue of this journal, but has not been
fully edited. Content may change prior to final publication. Citation information: DOI 10.1109/TPEL.2019.2930825, IEEE
Transactions on Power Electronics
Design of Passive Common Mode Attenuation

Methods for Inverter Fed Induction Motor Drive with
Reduced Common Mode Voltage PWM Technique
Kalaiselvi Jayaraman and Manish Kumar, Student Member, IEEE
Room No: 338, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar-140001, INDIA
kalaiselvijeyaraman@gmail.com, 2016eez0010@iitrpr.ac.in
Mobile phone: +91-8194842157, +91-9894877227
Abstract— This paper investigates the influence of active zero only complex (attenuation and phase requirement needs precise
vector pulse width modulation (AZPWM-1) and space vector pulse tuning over the frequency range) but also strongly dependent
width modulation (SVPWM) on the design of passive common on the rating of drive. Also, the active switches introduce
mode (CM) attenuation methods to reduce common mode current
(CMC) and shaft voltage in inverter-fed V/f controlled induction additional power loss, increases the control complexity and
motor drives. The passive CM attenuation methods examined decrease reliability [6].
here are CM choke, CM-EMI filter and CM transformer. The As the name suggest, the passive attenuation methods use
attenuation requirement of AZPWM-1 and SVPWM are identified passive components viz., inductor, capacitor and resistor, which
to design the passive CM choke and EMI filter. Based on the are simple to design, economical and reliable [10]. The prevalent
attenuation requirement, the design guidelines are revisited for
SVPWM and design rules are proposed for AZPWM-1. However passive CM attenuation methods are three phase CM choke,
CM transformer is designed based on step change in magnitude of CM Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) filter and CMT with
common mode voltage (CMV) of both the PWMs. The limitations damping resistor on the secondary side. The passive EMI filters
in design, regarding switching frequency and component size with and without access to neutral point of the machine is
for each case are also established. It is shown that to have a proposed in [11], [12] to attenuate all CMV effects such as shaft
similar attenuation in the considered two PWM cases, AZPWM-1
requires smaller passive components compared to SVPWM. The voltage, bearing current and common mode current (CMC). An
proposed design guidelines are substantiated with experimental integrated LR filter is proposed to reduce both the CM and
results on a 1.1kW induction motor drive. differential mode (DM) components [13]. To minimize both
the peak amplitude and root mean square (RMS) value of
Keywords- Induction motor drive, SVPWM, AZPWM-1, common CMC, a CMT with secondary damping resistor is proposed [14],
mode filter, shaft voltage, common mode current, common mode
choke, common mode transformer, size reduction. and is revisited for high power rating machine with recurring
bearing failure [15]. The modeling and design methods of three-
phase CM choke have been proposed to reduce the size of CM
I. I NTRODUCTION choke for a given frequency range [16]- [17]. The influence
Variable frequency drives (VFDs), despite their enormous of CM volt-seconds on choke saturation and the corresponding
advantages, suffer certain setbacks. Common mode (CM) issues design guidelines are discussed in detail [18]. Although passive
are prevalent in VFDs, which are augmented by the faster methods are well researched in terms of their applications, it’s
switching capabilities of active devices. These CM components size is yet to be optimized to increase the performance with
in turn cause distortions in the control signals and instigate dis- advanced PWM techniques.
turbances in the surrounding systems [1]. Such CM components For a two-level inverter, the conventional topology is modified
are the primary sources of shaft voltage, bearing current and by adding a fourth leg to eliminate the CMV with reference
insulation failures in VFDs which render the system unreliable to ground [19]. Many PWM methods such as active zero
and expensive [1] - [3]. The aforementioned CM issues in PWM state PWM (AZPWM-1, AZPWM-2 and AZPWM-3), remote
fed inverter drives are addressed through control algorithms, state PWM (RSPWM) and near state PWM (NSPWM) have
PWM techniques, active and passive methods. been proposed to mitigate the CMV in VFDs by avoiding
An active method uses precise combination of switches, in- zero vectors [20], [21]. AZPWM-1 has several advantages over
ductors, capacitors and appropriate control techniques primarily other CMV reduction PWM techniques such as full control
to reduce the size of hardware and to eliminate the CMV in of linear modulation index and change in one switch state at
wide-frequency range [4]- [9]. For instance, hybrid active filter a time [22]. However, performance of AZPWM-1 is inferior
[4], active filter circuit with CM transformer (CMT) [5], [9] and to that of SVPWM in terms of harmonic profile and voltage
circuits based on current controlled current source techniques [6] reversal issues. The voltage reversal problems can be modified
have been proposed to nullify the common mode voltage (CMV) by adjusting the zero vector time period and duty appropriately
at machine terminals. The design of active methods are not [20]. Therefore, AZPWM-1 can be applied to high inductive
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This article has been accepted for publication in a future issue of this journal, but has not been fully edited. Content may change prior to final publication. Citation information: DOI 10.1109/TPEL.2019.2930825, IEEE
i CM
D1 D3 D5
LM RM
Vdc/2 S1 S3 S5
LC LT LD
a
Vdc o b
c
N
𝐿𝑀 𝑅𝑀
.
𝑉𝑠ℎ
𝐶𝑤𝑟
Vdc/2 S4 S6 S2 CD
D4 D6 D2 RD 𝑉𝑐𝑚
RT 𝐼CM 𝐶𝑤𝑓 𝐶𝑟𝑓
RC CC
CHG
G CM Choke CM Filter G
𝑍𝐴 ≈ 𝑅𝑀 + 𝑗𝜔𝐿𝑀 + 1ൗ𝑗𝜔𝐶
CM Transformer Heat sink to frame parasitic capacitance 𝑤𝑓
(a) (b)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. (a)
(a) TLVSI
TLVSI power
power circuit
circuit with
with passive
passive CM
CM attenuation
attenuation methods
methods for
for 3-φ
3-φ IM
IM drive
drive(b)
(b)Simplified
SimplifiedCM
CMequivalent
equivalentcircuit
circuitfor
for3-φ
3-φIM
IMdrive
drive
motor [20].
motor [20]. The
The scalar
scalar implementation
implementation of of AZPWM-1
AZPWM-1 and and itsits TABLEI I
TABLE
compatibility issues with pure sine wave
compatibility issues with pure sine wave filter are detailed in filter are detailed in CMVCONTRIBUTIONS
CMV CONTRIBUTIONSIN TLVSI
INTLVSI
[22]. This
[22]. This PWM
PWM technique
technique isis successful
successful in in reducing
reducing the the CMCM S.
S. Switching
Switching CMV
CMVofof S.S. Switching
Switching CMV
CMVofof
issues
issues inin the
the vicinity
vicinity of of switching
switching frequency
frequency (F (Fss).). However,
However, No
No states
states TLVSI
TLVSI No
No states
states TLVSI
TLVSI
the
the implementation
implementation does does not not guarantee
guarantee the the complete
complete elimination
elimination 1.1. 1(100)
1(100) −V
−Vdcdc/6
/6 5.5. 5(001)
5(001) −V
−Vdcdc/6
/6
of
of CM
CM issues
issues [22],
[22], [23].
[23]. Therefore,
Therefore, the the usage
usage of of conventional
conventional 2.2. 2(110)
2(110) +V
+Vdcdc/6
/6 6.6. 6(101)
6(101) +V
+Vdcdc/6
/6
passive 3.3. 3(010)
3(010) −V 7.7. 7(111)
7(111)
passive methods
methods (CM (CM choke,choke, CMT CMT and and CM CM EMIEMI filter)
filter) along −Vdcdc/6 +V
+Vdcdc/2
along 4.4. 4(011) +V
/6
8.8. 8(000) −V
/2
with 4(011) +Vdcdc/6 8(000) −Vdcdc/2
with reduced
reduced CMV CMV PWMs PWMs (such (such as as AZPWM-1)
AZPWM-1) to to completely
/6 /2
completely
eliminate
eliminate thethe end
end effects
effects of of CMV
CMV are are inevitable.
inevitable. This
This callscalls for
for value
aa need value forfor 77 && 88 vectors.
vectors. Based
Basedon onthis,
this,AZPWM-1
AZPWM-1isisproposed proposed
need toto redesign
redesign the the passive
passive methods
methods with with advanced
advanced CMV CMV to
to minimize
minimize various
various CMVCMV related
related issues
issues by by avoiding
avoiding 77 && 88
reduction
reduction PWMPWM techniques
techniques such such as as AZPWM-1.
AZPWM-1. The The impact
impact of vectors.
AZPWM-1 on CMC, core saturation and resonant frequency
of vectors. ItIt hashas been
been reported
reported thatthat the
the CMV
CMV ofof AZPWM-1
AZPWM-1 isis
AZPWM-1 on CMC, core saturation and resonant frequency reduced from V /2 to V /6 [20]–[22].
reduced from Vdcdc /2 to Vdcdc /6 [20]–[22].
(Fres ) are detailed in [23]. Here, the Fs is varied freely with RL The magnitude difference between SVPWM and AZPWM-
(Fres ) are detailed in [23]. Here, the Fs is varied freely with RL The magnitude difference between SVPWM and AZPWM-
load and a fixed capacitance (imitating the parasitic behavior) 1 is derived to obtain worst case operating conditions such
load and a fixed capacitance (imitating the parasitic behavior) 1 is derived to obtain worst case operating conditions such
to demonstrate the issues with advanced PWMs [23]. Such a as modulation index (ma ) and switching frequency (Fs ). The
to demonstrate the issues with advanced PWMs [23]. Such a as modulation index (ma ) and switching frequency (Fs ). The
study has to be conducted in general for VFDs and the design magnitude of CMV for SVPWM [18] is given as,
study has for
guidelines to be conducted
passive in general
attenuation methods for with
VFDsAZPWM-1
and the design have magnitude of CMV for SVPWM [18] is given as,
guidelines for passive
to be systematically formulated.attenuation methods with AZPWM-1 have |Vdc | |Vdc |
to The
be systematically formulated. |vCM |SV PW M = T0 |Vdc |+ (Ts − T0 ) |Vdc | (2)
objective of this work is to verify the attenuation re- |vCM |SV PW M = T0 2 + (Ts − T0 ) 6 (2)
The objective of this and workpropose
is to verify the attenuation re- 2 6
quirement of AZPWM-1 the design guidelines for Where T0 is the period for realising state 7 & 8, and TS is the
quirement of AZPWM-1 and propose
passive attenuation methods (CM choke, CMT with damping the design guidelines for Where
total T0 is theperiod.
switching periodThe for CMV
realising state 7 & 8,and
of AZPWM-1 andSVPWM
TS is the
passive and
resistor attenuation
CM-EMImethods filter) for (CM V/f choke,
controlledCMT with damping
induction motor total switching period. The CMV of AZPWM-1
differs only during T0 [22]. Therefore, magnitude of CMV for and SVPWM
drive. This work further compares the passive componentmotor
resistor and CM-EMI filter) for V/f controlled induction size differs onlyisduring
AZPWM-1 T0 [22].
obtained Therefore,
by replacing magnitude
Vdc /2 during T0of[20], CMV[22] for
drive.
and This work
attenuation further compares
requirement the passive
for reducing CMC and component
shaft voltage size AZPWM-1 is obtained
with Vdc /6. As a result, by replacing V dc /2 during T0 [20], [22]
and attenuation
with SVPWM. These requirement for reducing
attenuation methods CMCcanandbe shaft
extended voltageto with Vdc /6.|vAs |a result, = T |Vdc | + (T − T ) |Vdc | (3)
CM AZPW M−1 0 |V | s 0 |V |
with SVPWM. These attenuation methods canpeak
be extended to |vCM |AZPW M−1 = T0 6 + (Ts − T0 ) 6
reduced CMV PWM methods with reduced amplitude dc dc
(3)
reduced
and numberCMV of PWM
step changedmethodslevels with ofreduced
CMV [26], peak [27]. amplitude
The The ratio of CMV magnitude between 6 SVPWM and 6 AZPWM-1
effectiveness
and number of the stepenvisaged
changed passivelevels of methods
CMV for [26],inverter-fed
[27]. The isThe ratioas,of CMV magnitude between SVPWM and AZPWM-1
given
IM drive are verified experimentally. is given as, |vCM |SV PW M 2T0
effectiveness of the envisaged passive methods for inverter-fed = 1+ (4)
IM drive are verified experimentally. |vCM
|vCM |SV PW
|AZPW M−1M 2T0
T
= 1+ s (4)
II. CMV, CMC AND SHAFT VOLTAGE FOR SVPWM AND The difference in |v CM |AZPW
CMV magnitude
M−1 Ts
between SVPWM and
II.AZPWM-1
CMV, CMC AND AND ITSSHAFT
ATTENUATION FOR SVPWM ’AND
VOLTAGEREQUIREMENT S AZPWM-1
The difference from (4)in helps
CMVinmagnitude
deciding thebetween
attenuationSVPWMdifferenceand
AZPWM-1 ’S between
AZPWM-1 them.from The(4)difference in CMVthe
helps in deciding magnitude
attenuation is less when
difference
The power topologyAND ITS of ATTENUATION
a two-level voltage source inverter
REQUIREMENT
Tbetween
0 /TS is them.
less. This leads to minimum
The difference magnitudeisdifference
in CMV magnitude less when
(TLVSI) with all the passive attenuation
The power topology of a two-level voltage source invertermethods feeding a 3-φ
in the considered
T0 /T is less. twoleads
This PWMs. to At high mmagnitude
minimum a , T0 /TS is difference
less due
induction motor (IM) drive is shown in
(TLVSI) with all the passive attenuation methods feeding a 3-φFig. 1(a). The CMV S
to
in the
the maximum
consideredvoltagetwo PWMs. requirement
At highat mthe , Tmotor
/T terminals.
is less due
(v No or vCM
induction ) of TLVSI
motor (IM) drive is given by (1),
is shown in Fig. 1(a). a 0 S
Therefore,
to the maximum high mavoltage
is the requirement
worst case scenario
at the motorfor magnitude
terminals.
The CMV (vNov or =vCM ) of vao + vbo + vco
No vCM = TLVSI is given by (1), (1) difference between CMV of SVPWM and AZPWM-1.
Therefore, high ma is the worst case scenario for magnitude
vao + v3bo + vco The CM equivalent of a 3-φ IM drive with CMV (v )
difference between CMV of SVPWM and AZPWM-1. CM
Where vao , vbovNo and= vvCM =
co represent 3the pole voltages. Each
(1) being the source for shaft voltage and CMC (iCM ) with parasitic
The CM equivalent of a 3-φ IM drive with CMV (v )
pole voltage of the TLVSI can attain two switching states at capacitances is shown in Fig. 1(b). Where Cw f , Cwr and CCM rf
Where v , vbo and vco represent the pole voltages. Each being the source for shaft voltage and CMC (iCM ) with parasitic
any instant ao
and as a result, eight switching states are possible represents the capacitance between winding to frame, winding
pole voltage
for three legs. of
ThetheCMV
TLVSI caneight
for all attainswitching
two switching states
states are at
listed capacitances
to rotor and rotor is shown in Fig.
to frame. 1(b).L Where
Also, Cw f , Cwr and Cr f
M and RM represents the
any instant and as a result, eight switching states
in Table-1. It establishes that the CMV attains its maximum are possible CM leakage inductance and resistance of thetomachine.
represents the capacitance between winding frame, winding
Cw f is
for three legs. The CMV for all eight switching states are listed to rotor and rotor to frame. Also, LM and RM represents the
in Table-1. It establishes that the CMV attains its maximum 2 CM leakage inductance and resistance of the machine. Cw f is
(a) (b) (c) (d)

(a) (b) (c) (d)
Fig. 2. FFT of CMV for SVPWM/AZPWM-1 (a) at 15kHz (ma =0.4) (b) at 15kHz (ma =1.0) (c) at 5kHz (ma =0.4) (d) at 5kHz (ma =1.0) obtained experimentally
Fig. 2. FFT of CMV for SVPWM/AZPWM-1 (a) at 15kHz (ma =0.4) (b) at 15kHz (ma =1.0) (c) at 5kHz (ma =0.4) (d) at 5kHz (ma =1.0) obtained experimentally
Fig. 2.any
without FFT of CMV for
attenuation SVPWM/AZPWM-1 (a) at 15kHz (ma =0.4) (b) at 15kHz (ma =1.0) (c) at 5kHz (ma =0.4) (d) at 5kHz (ma =1.0) obtained experimentally
methods
without any attenuation methods
(a) (b)
(a) (b)
(c)
(c) (d)
(d)
Fig. 3. FFT of CMC SVPWM/AZPWM-1 (a) at 15kHz (ma =0.4) (b) at 15kHz (ma =1.0) (c) at 5kHz (ma =0.4) (d) at 5kHz (ma =1.0) obtained experimentally
Fig.
Fig.3.
3. FFT
FFT ofofCMC
CMC SVPWM/AZPWM-1
SVPWM/AZPWM-1 (a)
(a)at
at15kHz
15kHz(ma =0.4) (b) at 15kHz (ma =1.0) (c) at 5kHz (ma =0.4) (d) at
(m =0.4) (b) at 15kHz (m =1.0) (c) at 5kHz (m =0.4) (d) at 5kHz
5kHz (m
(maa=1.0)
=1.0) obtained
obtained experimentally
experimentally
without any attenuation methods a a a
the most predominant parasitic component and contributes most shown in Fig. 3(a) - Fig. 3(d). Here, the CMC is measured by
the
theofmost
mostpredominant
predominant
the CMC [24]. The parasitic
parasitic component
component
high-frequency vCMand
and contributes
contributes
excites most
most
the parasitic clamping
clampingthe
clamping the three
thethree phase
threephase wires
phasewires using
wiresusing current
usingcurrent
current probe
probe
probe asas
as indicated
indicated
indicated
ofofcapacitances
the CMC [24].
the CMC [24]. The
of theThe high-frequency
high-frequency
machine v
and generatesvCM excites
excites
CMhigh the parasitic
the parasitic
frequency CMC, in Fig.
inin Fig. 1(a)
Fig. 1(a)
1(a) andand its frequency
anditsitsfrequency
frequencyspectrumspectrum is
spectrumis isobtained obtained
obtainedusing using
usinga aa
capacitances
which mainly
capacitances ofofthe
themachine
flows throughand
machine Cwgenerates
and high
and returns
fgenerates tofrequency
high the sourceCMC,
frequency based
CMC, digital storage
digital storage oscilloscope.
storageoscilloscope.
oscilloscope.The The
TheCM CM impedance
CMimpedance of
impedanceof ofmachine machine
machine
which
on the
which mainly flows
grounding
mainly through
throughCCwwf f and
flowsscheme. andreturns
returnstotothe
thesource
sourcebased
based isis identical
identical
identical for for both
forbothboththe the PWMs
PWMssoso
thePWMs sothethe
theCMC CMC
CMCwill will also
willalso have
alsohavehave
on
onthe The
the expression
grounding
grounding of CMC is given as:
scheme.
scheme. the
the same
the sameinference
same inferenceas
inference asCMV.
as CMV.However,
CMV. However,the
However, thefrequency
the frequency
frequency at atwhich
at which
which
the
the maximum
the maximumCMC
maximum CMC(Fig.
CMC (Fig.3)3)
(Fig. 3)occurs
occursisisisinconsistent
occurs inconsistenttoto
inconsistent that
to thatof of
that of
The
Theexpression
expressionofofCMC CMC isis=
ICM given
given as:
VCM /Zas:A (5) CMV in Fig. 2. This is due to (a) huge difference in magnitude
CMV
CMVinin Fig. Fig. 2.2. ThisThis isis due
due to to (a)
(a) huge
huge difference
difference in in magnitude
magnitude
The equivalent circuit (Fig.
ICM
ICM==1(b))
VVCM is/Zsimplified as a capacitance
(5)
(5) of CMV at Fs , 3Fs , 5Fs at low & high ma and (b) non-linear
CM/Z AA ofof CMV
CMV atat FFs,, 3F 3Fss,, 5F5Fss atat low
low & & high
high mmaa and and (b)(b) non-linear
non-linear
divider and the shaft voltage (Vsh ) is given by (6). This also impedance of sthe machine [23]. It is evident from Fig. 3 that
The
The equivalentthe
equivalent circuit
circuit (Fig.
(Fig. 1(b))is
1(b))is simplified asasCMV.
aa capacitance
capacitance impedance
impedance of the machine [23]. It
the attenuation required for AZPWM-1 at several multiples3 of
of the machine [23]. It is
is evident
evident from
from Fig.
Fig. 3 that
that
substantiates concept that Vsh issimplified
a replica of
divider and
and the
the shaft
shaft voltage
voltage (V(Vshsh)) is Fthe
the attenuation required
attenuation required for for AZPWM-1
AZPWM-1 atat several
s is much lesser than SVPWM due to the magnitude difference
several multiples
multiples of of
divider Ciswrgiven
given by
by (6).
(6). This
This also
also
F F is
is much
much lesser
lesser than
than SVPWM
SVPWM due
due to
to the
the magnitude
magnitude difference
difference
substantiatesthe
substantiates theconceptvsh =
concept VCM
that
that VVsh∗shC
isisaa+CreplicaofofCMV.
replica CMV. (6) of FS components at all the measured operating conditions.
ss
wr rf ofof FFSS components
Though components atat all
at different switching all the
thefrequencies
measured the
measured operating
operating
magnitude conditions.
conditions.
of FS
The frequency domain CMV CCwrwr Though
Though at different
multiplesatofdifferent CMV remains switching
switching frequencies
frequencies
almost same (Fig. the magnitude
the magnitude
2), but CMC of FFSS
of
CM∗∗ profiles (VNG of Fig. 1(a)) (6)
vvshsh==VVCM for
(6)
SVPWM and AZPWM-1 at different CCwrwr+C+C operating
r rf f conditions (ma multiples
componentsofare
multiples of CMV
CMV increasedremains
remains almost
due almost
to the low same
same (Fig.
impedance 2),
(Fig. 2),offeredbut
but CMCCMC
by
= 0.4, 1.0 at Fs = 5kHz & 15kHz) of V/f controlled IM the machine at
components
components arethose
are frequencies
increased
increased due to
due (Fig.
to the4(a)).
the Therefore the
low impedance
low impedance worstby
offered
offered by
The frequency
The
drive
frequency in
are shown domain
domain
Fig. 2(a)
CMV
CMV - Fig.
profiles
profiles (VNG
2(d). (V
ItNG ofof Fig.
is clear
Fig. 1(a))
from1(a))
the case attenuation difference between SVPWM and AZPWM-1
the machine at those frequencies (Fig.
the machine at those frequencies (Fig. 4(a)).Therefore the worst 4(a)).Therefore the worst
for SVPWM
forprofiles
SVPWM and
thatand AZPWM-1
theAZPWM-1
odd multiples at different
at different operating
of Fs isoperating conditions
conditions
greatly reduced for discussed in section II are noted for high ma & and FS asAZPWM-1
evident
case attenuation
case attenuation difference
difference between
between SVPWM
SVPWM and AZPWM-1
(mAZPWM-1
(m =0.4, 1.0 atatF
a a=0.4, 1.0 at
Fs =5kHz
all s =5kHz &&15kHz)
tested operating15kHz) ofofV/fV/fcontrolled
conditions. controlled IM drive
IM
The magnitude drive
of from Fig. 3(b). This worst case attenuation difference is defined
discussed inin section
discussed section IIII are are noted
noted for for high
high mmaa & & FFSS as as evident
evident
are
areCMV shown
shown forininFig.
Fig.2(a)
SVPWM 2(a)
and- -AZPWM-1
Fig.2(d).
Fig. 2(d).ItIt isisclear
differ clear from
in time
from and the profiles
frequency
the profiles as ’n’, which can also be estimated from the frequency inputs of
fromFig.
from Fig.3(b).
3(b).This This worst
worst case
case attenuation
attenuation difference
difference isis defined
defined
that the odd
domain,
that the odd multiples
hence ofof FFs s isis greatly
the attenuation
multiples greatly reduced
requirementsreduced for
willfor AZPWM-
beAZPWM-
different. predicted / simulated CMV [29] and CM impedance of machine
asas’n’,
’n’,which
which canalso alsobe beestimated
estimated from the the frequency inputs inputs of
1 at all tested operating conditions. The magnitude ofof CMV
1 at
The all
sizetested
of operating
passive conditions.
attenuation methodsThe magnitude
mainly depends CMV on [14], [22], [28]can as per (5). In this workfrom a 1.1 kWfrequencyIM is tested and of
predicted
predicted
the worst case
/ simulated
/ simulated
attenuation
CMV [29]
CMVdifference and
[29] and atCM CM impedance
all impedance
of machine
of machine
operating conditions
for SVPWM
for SVPWM and
magnitude of and
F AZPWM-1 differ
multiples
s AZPWM-1 of differ inin time
CMC, time and
hence and frequency
several frequency
multiples
of Fs are considered in the present work. The magnitude of [14],
[14],
is obtained[22],
[22], [28][28]
as 2.13 as
as perper (5).
≈ (5). In this
In this work
2 (depending work upon a 1.1
a 1.1 thekWkW IM is tested
IM isavailable
nearest tested andand
domain, hence the attenuation requirements
domain, hence the attenuation requirements will be different. will be different.
CMC in frequency domain for SVPWM and AZPWM-1 is the worst
choke
the worst
value).case
case The attenuation
passive methods
attenuation difference
difference atat all
for both allPWMs
operating
operating conditions
are designed
conditions
The size
The size ofof passive
passive attenuation
attenuation methods methods mainly
mainly depends
depends on on
plotted against each other for various operating conditions are is
for obtained
this as
worst-case 2.13 ≈ 2
operating (depending
condition.
is obtained as 2.13 ≈ 2 (depending upon the nearest available upon the nearest available
magnitude of F multiples of CMC, hence several multiples
magnitude of Fs s multiples of CMC, hence several multiples choke value). The passive methods for both PWMs are designed
of F are considered in the present work. The magnitude of choke value). The passive methods for both PWMs are designed
of Fs s are considered in the present work. The magnitude of 3 for this worst-case operating condition.
CMC in frequency domain for SVPWM and AZPWM-1 is for this worst-case operating condition.
CMC in frequency domain for SVPWM and AZPWM-1 is
plotted against each other for various operating conditions are
plotted against each useother for various operating conditions are
shown
0885-8993 in IEEE.
(c) 2019 Fig.Personal
3(a) - Fig. 3(d).butHere,
is permitted, the CMC is requires
republication/redistribution measured by See http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/index.html for more information.
IEEE permission.
shown in Fig. 3(a) - Fig. 3(d). Here, the CMC is measured by
20
𝑍𝐵
Z A " Machine Impedance"
Z B 2 "10mH Choke Impedance"
Z B 1 "20mH Choke Impedance"
15 ZA 𝑅𝐶 𝐿𝐶
Impedance (k )
𝑅𝑀
Z B1
10 Fres =28.8kHz
FresAZPWM-1 =37.05kHz Z B2
𝑉𝐶𝑀 𝐿𝑀 𝑍𝐴
𝐼CM
5
𝐶𝑤𝑓
0
5 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Frequency (kHz)
(a) (b)
Fig. 4. (a) CM impedance of machine and choke measured by LCR meter (linear scale) (b) CM equivalent circuit of IM with CM
Fig. 4. (a) CM impedance of machine and choke measured by LCR meter (linear scale) (b) CM equivalent circuit of IM with CM choke
choke
III. PPASSIVE
III. ASSIVE COMMON
COMMON MODE
MODE ATTENUATION
ATTENUATION METHODS
METHODS FOR
FOR discussed in
discussed in Section
Section II,
II, the
the impedance
impedance requirement
requirement for
for both
both the
the
TLVSI FED
TLVSI IM DRIVE
FED IM DRIVE PWMs are
PWMs are related
related as
as
In this section the design guidelines of various passive CM ZZBB22 =

= ZZBB11/n
/n (10)
(10)
In this section the design guidelines of various passive CM
attenuation methods forfor TLVSI
TLVSI (Fig.
(Fig. 1(a)),
1(a)), which
which includes
includes CM
CM Here,
attenuation methods Here, n=2nfor= 1.1kW
2 for IM 1.1kW IM as in
as discussed discussed
section II.inIf section II.
the induc-
choke, CM-EMI filter and CMT are discussed.
choke, CM-EMI filter and CMT are discussed. If the
tive inductive
impedance impedance
is reduced by aisfactor
reduced by then
of two, a factor of two,
the resonance
then the resonance
frequency for AZPWM-1 frequency
can beforfound
AZPWM-1 can be found
by substituting LC /2 by
in
A. CM choke design substituting
(7). LC /2
Therefore, theinnew
(7). resonance
Therefore, frequency
the new resonance
for AZPWM-1 frequency
is
A. CM choke design for AZPWM-1
chosen as, is chosen as,
CM
CM chokechoke offers
offers highhigh impedance
impedance for for the
the CMC CMC of of the
the FFres
resAZPW =F
M−1 =
AZPWM−1 Fres /1.414
res/1.414 (11)
(11)
drive
drive system. However, due to low parasitic capacitive (C
system. However, due to low parasitic capacitive (Cwwff )) Based
Based on on the
the above
above discussion
discussion F res is
Fres is fixed
fixed atat 28kHz
28kHz forfor
impedance of the machine (low output impedance of the choke),
impedance of the machine (low output impedance of the choke), SVPWM
SVPWM and and 38kHz
38kHz for for AZPWM-1
AZPWM-1 to to eliminate
eliminate the the CM
CM
almost entire CMV appears across it. This would result in the
almost entire CMV appears across it. This would result in the components
components aboveabove 3F3Fss,, for
for FFss == 15kHz.
15kHz. As As established
established from
from (7),
(7),
existence of shaft voltage and bearing currents in machine [17],
existence of shaft voltage and bearing currents in machine [17], (10)
(10) and (11), the required filter inductances for SVPWM and
and (11), the required filter inductances for SVPWM and
[18], [23].
[18], [23]. AZPWM-1
AZPWM-1 are are about
about 20mH
20mH and and 10mH,
10mH, respectively.
respectively. The The CMCM
The simplified CM lumped equivalent circuit of IM without impedance
The simplified CM lumped equivalent circuit of IM without impedance characteristics of the machine along with three phase
characteristics of the machine along with three phase
any attenuation method and with CM choke is shown in Fig. 1(b) CM
any attenuation method and with CM choke is shown in Fig. 1(b)
and Fig. 4(b) respectively. The resonant frequency of the CM CM choke
choke forfor two
two different
different inductances
inductances measured
measured from from LCR
LCR
and Fig. 4(b) respectively. The resonant frequency of the CM meter
meter are shown in Fig. 4(a). It is also evident from Fig.
are shown in Fig. 4(a). It is also evident from Fig. 4(a)
4(a)
equivalent circuit with CM choke is defined as, that
equivalent circuit with CM choke is defined as, that the
the impedance
impedance doubles
doubles forfor every
every 1.41
1.41 times
times the
the reduction
reduction ofof
1 resonance
resonance frequency.
frequency. TheThe CM CM choke
choke among
among the the passive
passive methods
methods
Fres = p 1 (7)
Fres = 2π pLC .Cw f (7) is
is least
least effective
effective in in attenuating
attenuating the the shaft
shaft voltage
voltage [22].
[22].
2π LC .Cw f
Inductance of CM choke (LC ) is decided based on the atten-
Inductance
uation of CM choke
requirement and on(Lthe C ) range
is decided of Fsbased
componentson the atten-
to be B. CM-EMI filter design
uation requirement and on the range of F components to be B. CM-EMI filter design
attenuated. s Passive EMI filter consists of CM filter (LC , CC & RC )
attenuated.
It can be observed from Fig. 3(a) - Fig. 3(d) that the dominant andPassive
DM filter EMI(Lfilter consists of CM filter (LC , CC & RC )
D , CD & RD ) to reduce both CM and DM
CMC It can be observedlies
components from Fig. 3(a)
between Fs- and
Fig. 3(d)
12Fs .thatTothe dominant
eliminate a components are shown in&Fig.
and DM filter (L D , C D RD1(a)
) to [12].
reduceThe bothuseCM
of CM and filter
DM
CMC components lies between F and 12F . To components are shown in Fig. 1(a) [12]. The use of CM filter
minimum of half the CMC components s between
s Fs and 12Fsa,
eliminate alone is not suitable for TLVSI due to huge circulating currents
Fminimum of half the CMC components between Fs and 12Fs , alone is not
between the suitable for TLVSI
CM capacitors and due to huge
resistors [12],circulating currents
[31]. To keep the
res is fixed between 3Fs and 5Fs for both the PWMs. Keeping
F
Fres is fixed between 3F and
res << Fs will attenuates all the CMC 5F s for both the PWMs.
components but demands Keeping between the CM capacitors and resistors
DM attenuation constant a DM filters is added uniformly for [12], [31]. To keep the
aFreshigher
<< Fsvaluewill attenuate all the CMC
of LC , whereas Fres components
>> Fs leads but demands
to non- DM attenuation constant a DM filters
both the PWMs. However, in the present work both CM and is added uniformly for
a higher value of L , whereas
elimination of PWM Cfrequency components. F res >> F leads
sThis is the to non-
first both the PWMs. However, in the present
DM filters are considered while designing the CM EMI filter as work both CM and
elimination of PWM frequency components.
design choice to be made while choosing Fres . For the same This is the first DM filters
shown in Fig.are 5(a).
considered whileof
The design designing
LCM , CCM theand
CM REMI filter as
CM is given
design choice to be made while choosing F
Fres , a machine with lower value of Cw f willresrequire a larger . For the same shown in Fig. 5(a). The design of LCM , CCM and RCM is given
as,
Fres , aofmachine
value LC and with
vice lower
versa value
as perof(7). Cw The
f will require
range of Ca wlarger
f for
as,
LCM = LC + LD /3 (12)
value of
different motorLC and vice versa as per
ratings are given in [25]. (7). The range of C w f for
different motor ratings are given in [25]. CCM = (CC ×CD )/(CC +CD ) & RLCM CM = =RLC +
C
+RLD/3
D
/3 (13) (12)
ICM(without choke) = VCM /(ZA ) (8) CCM = (CC ×CD )/(CC +CD ) & RCM =RRC + rR /3 (13)
CM LDCM
I
I CM(without choke) = V
= V /(Z + Z ) CM /(Z A ) (8)
(9) δ = R rL (14)
δ= 2 CCM
CM(with choke) CM A B CM CM
I = VCM /(ZA + ZB ) (9) (14)
Where ZA = RM CM(with
+ jωLMchoke)
+ 1/ jωCw f is the CM impedance of CM filter consists of LCM , CCM and RCM such 2 CCM most of
that
the machine,
Where ZA = where
RM + C jωL
wfM≈+1.7nF
1/ jωC(measured
w f is the forCM1.1kW IM with
impedance of theCMCMC filterareconsists
attenuated
of LCM by, LCCMCM (and jωLR CM such jωC
CM>>1/ thatCM ) and
most of
an
theLCR meterwhere
machine, [14], C
[25])
wf ≈ and Z
1.7nFB R
(measured
= C + jωL
for
C 1.1kW
≈ jωLIM
C is the
with rest of them
the CMC are are bypassedbybyLCM
attenuated the( jωLfilterCMcapacitor
>>1/ jωC (CCM
CM )) by
and
impedance of CM
an LCR meter choke.
[14], [25])Zand
B1 and
ZB Z=B2Rare
C + thejωL
CMC≈ impedance
jωLC is theof choosing
rest of them CCM are w f . Thus by
>>Cbypassed it can
the provide complete(Csolution
filter capacitor CM ) by
choke for SVPWM
impedance and AZPWM-1.
of CM choke. ZB1 and ZBFor
2
the
are the worst
CM case scenario
impedance of for reduction
choosing CCM >>Cof conduction
wf . Thus itmode
can EMI,
provide shaft voltage
complete and
solution
choke for SVPWM and AZPWM-1. For the worst case scenario for reduction of conduction mode EMI, shaft voltage and
4
4
𝑍𝑐𝑚𝑓 102
ZA Zcmf1 Zcmf2
𝐿𝐶 𝐿𝐷 /3 17544Hz
Impedance (k )
3𝐶𝐷
𝑣𝑐𝑚
𝑅𝐷 /3 𝑍𝐴 3.6 kHz
𝑅𝐶 𝐶𝐶 100
1.75 kHz
22500Hz
Zcmf1
Zcmf2
ZA
102 103 104 105

Frequency (kHz)
(a) (b)
Fig. 5. (a) The CM equivalent circuit of IM with CM EMI filter (b) CM impedance of IM and CM EMI filter measured by LCR meter (logarithmic scale)
Fig. 5. (a) The CM equivalent circuit of IM with CM EMI filter (b) CM impedance of IM and CM EMI filter measured by LCR meter (logarithmic scale)
bearing current
bearing current [12],
[12], [22].
[22]. AZPWM-1, respectively.
AZPWM-1, respectively. ItIt is
is evident
evident from
from Fig.
Fig. 5(b)
5(b) that
that to
to
have the same attenuation for both SVPWM
have the same attenuation for both SVPWM and AZPWM-1, and AZPWM-1,
The required
The required dampingdamping for for the
the second-order
second-order CM CM filter
filter is is the FFrescm f of
the of AZPWM-1
AZPWM-1 is is designed
designed toto be
be higher
higher than
than that
that of
of
rescm f
provided by
provided by R RCM.. A A DMDM filterfilter with
with resonant
resonant frequency
frequency of of the SVPWM.
the SVPWM.
CM
2.5kHz is
2.5kHz is fixed
fixed uniformly
uniformly for for both
both the
the PWMs.
PWMs. The The CM
CM filter
filter
design for
design for SVPWM
SVPWM is is given
given in in [12].
[12]. The
The resonant
resonant frequency
frequency
of CMCM filter
filter isis placed
placed muchmuch higher
higher than
than 33 ff ,, (where
(where ff is is C. CMT
C. CMT design
design
of
the fundamental
the fundamental outputoutput frequency)
frequency) and and much
much less less than
than FFss i.e.,
i.e., Similar to
Similar to CM
CM choke,
choke, CMTCMT consist
consist of of an
an additional
additional fourth
fourth
(3 ff <<
(3 << F Fres
rescm f <<<< F Fss).). Therefore,
Therefore, F Fres of CM
rescm f of CM filter
filter isis winding connected
winding connectedtoto a damping
a damping resistorresistor
RT (asRTshown(as shown
in Fig. 1) in
cm f cm f
given by
given by (15).
(15). Fig.damp
to 1(a))outto CMC
damp oscillations.
out CMC oscillations.
The magnetizing The magnetizing
inductance,
1
Fres
F = √
rescm f = √ 1 (15)
(15) Linductance,
T and RT are
LT and RT are
designed designed
to limit to limit
the RMS andthepeak RMS and
values
cm f 2π
2π LCMLCM.C.CCM
CM peak
of values
CMC. Theof CMCMC. The CMofequivalent
equivalent CMT is of shownCMTin is[14].shown It
In the
In the worst
worst case
case scenario,
scenario, the
the impedance
impedance requirement
requirement ofof in [14].
can It can be as
be simplified simplified
a seriesasRC a series
circuitRC whencircuit
the when
roots theof
AZPWM-1 is half that of SVPWM. The CM inductance (LCC))
AZPWM-1 is half that of SVPWM. The CM inductance (L roots of denominator
denominator polynomial
polynomial with obtained
with obtained transfertransfer
functionfunction
are
and capacitance (CCC ) for the worst
worst case
case attenuation
attenuation is
is given
given as
as are tuned
tuned appropriately.
appropriately. TheThe RMSRMS valuevalue of ofCMC
CMC(I(I rms ) )can
rms can bebe
estimated from
estimated from the
the equivalent
equivalent RC RC circuit
circuit ifif CCwwff of
of the
the machine
machine
LCCAZPW
AZPWM−1 LCCSV
M−1 = L SVPW /n
M/n
PWM (16)
(16) is known
is known [14].
[14].
rr
CCCAZPW
AZPWM−1 CCCSV
M−1 = C SVPW /n
M/n
PWM (17)
(17) 3Cwwff.F
3C .FSS
IIrms
rms = E
= E (21)
(21)
The resonance frequency of CM CM filter
filter inin case
case ofof AZPWM-1
AZPWM-1 RRTT
can be chosen at least two times thatthat ofof SVPWM.
SVPWM. Following
Following 3Cw fEE22.F
3C .FSS
= w f22
RRTT = (22)
(22)
are some of the guidelines for CM-EMI
CM-EMI filter:filter: IIrms
rms
keeping F
• If Fss is less, then keeping Fres
rescm
cmff << FFss,, results
<< results in
in Here, EE is
Here, is the
the stepwise
stepwise change
change in in CMV
CMV i.e.,
i.e.,VVdc [14], where
/3 [14],
dc/3 where
passive components.
increased size of the passive components. VVdc
dc is
is the
the DC
DC bus
bus voltage
voltage of
of inverter.
inverter. The
The desired
desired value
value of LLTT
of
requires C
• Design of CM filter requires CCC >> >> C Cwwff to
to offer
offer low
low can be
can be obtained
obtained as, as,
easier to
impedance to CMC. This is easier to achieve
achieve inin machines
machines LLTT = 4R2T2T ×C
= 4R ×Cwwff (23)
(23)
with lower value of Cwwff . The higher
The higher value
value ofof FFss and
and EE increases
increases the
the value
value of
of LLTT.. To
To
The Fres
res of CM filter is fixed based
based on
on the
the above
above discussion
discussion minimize
minimize the
the RMS
RMS values
values of of CMC,
CMC, thethe design
design should
should meet
meet the
the
as 1.75kHz for SVPWM and 3.6kHz 3.6kHz for
for AZPWM-1.
AZPWM-1. DampingDamping following
following constraint.
constraint.
factor (δ) is chosen as 0.08 for both
both the
the PWMs.
PWMs. In In worst
worst case
case s
s s
s
scenario the impedance requirement LLll 11 LLTT
requirement of
of AZPWM-1
AZPWM-1 is is reduced
reduced 22 << RRTT <
< (24)
(24)
by 2 times to that of SVPWM. C
Cwwff 22 CCwwff
In summary, the designed CM-EMI
CM-EMI filter
filter components
components forfor Here, Ll isLlsum of the
Here, is sum ofleakage inductance
the leakage of machine
inductance and cable.
of machine and
SVPWM and AZPWM-1 based on on (12)-(17)
(12)-(17) areare as
as follows:
follows: Some
cable. of
Somethe of
design choiceschoices
the design for limiting LT areLTlower
for limiting FS and
are lower FS
LCC = 27.3mH,CCC = 0.3uF,
0.3uF,R = 50Ω
RCC = 50Ω ff or
or SV
SVPW
PWMM (18)
(18) machine
and machinewithwith
lower value
lower of C
value ofwCf .w In
f . the
In worst
the worst case,
case, the
the rate
rate
of
of change
change in in CMV
CMV for for AZPWM-1
AZPWM-1 isis half half that
that of
of SVPWM
SVPWM as as
LCC = 15.2mH,CCC = 0.15uF, RCC =
= 50Ω f or AZPW M −11
50Ω f or AZPW M − (19)
(19) depicted
depicted in in Fig.
Fig. 6(a).
6(a). ItIt occurs
occurs when
when time time intervals
intervals are
are smaller
smaller
To
To complete
complete the
the design
design details
details of
of EMI
EMI filter,
filter, the
the DM
DM filter
filter than
than the
the CMV
CMV transients.
transients. Therefore,
Therefore, EE for for AZPWM-1
AZPWM-1 isis half half
components
components are
are given
given below
below [12]:
[12]: that
that of
of SVPWM
SVPWM i.e., i.e., VVdc
dc
/6.
/6. To
To limit
limit the
the RMS
RMS value
value of
of CMC
CMC
to
to 13.0
13.0 mA
mA forfor both
both the
the PWMs
PWMs at at FFss of of 5kHz,
5kHz, thethe values
values of
of RRTT
LLD = 8mH, CD =
D = 8mH, CD = 0.5uF,
0.5uF, R = 14Ω
RDD = 14Ω and
and F
FBM = 2.5kHz (20)
DM = 2.5kHz (20) and
and LLTT are
are found
found using
using (22)
(22) & & (23)
(23) and and are
are shown
shown below:
below:
The
The impedance
impedance characteristics
characteristics of
of the
the designed
designed filters
filters for
for SV
SVPW
PWMM :: LLTT == 27.89mH,
27.89mH,RRTT == 2.05kΩ
2.05kΩ (25)
(25)
SVPWM
SVPWM and and AZPWM-1
AZPWM-1 are are shown
shown inin Fig.
Fig. 5(b).
5(b). Here,
Here, ZZcm
cmff11
and AZPW
AZPW M − 1 : LT = 10.41mH, RT = 1.3kΩ
M − 1 : L = 10.41mH, R = 1.3kΩ (26)
(26)
and ZZcm are the equivalent CM impedances for SVPWM and T T
f 2
cm f 2 are the equivalent CM impedances for SVPWM and
55
Find the worst

worst case
case attenuation (n)
Find
Find the
Find the worst case attenuation
attenuation (n)the
(n)
Find
Find the worst case
the worst
worst case
attenuation (n)
case attenuation
attenuation(n)
(n) Decide
Decide the limiting
Decidethe
thelimiting
limitingRMS
Decide
RMS value of
Decide
RMSvalue
Decide
value
the
ofofCMC
the
CMC limiting RMS
thelimiting
CMC RMS
limiting
value
value
RMS
of CMC
ofof
value CMC
CMC
Decide the frequency range ofDecide

CMC tothebefrequency range of CMC to be attenuated
attenuated 3Cwf 2 3Cwf E 22F S
wfEEF
22 wf E 2S
Decide the frequency range ofDecide
CMC tothebefrequency
attenuatedrange of CMC to be attenuated
R TT = 3C
S
wf SF,S LTT =R4R 22 3C F,S LTT = 4R22TTC2wf
T =
T C2wf wf
R T = Irms , LT =R TT
4RT= 2
wf Irms
T Cwf
2 , L = 4R wf C
change
22 T T wf
Stepwise change
change
2
half
Stepwise change
Irms
ishalf
rms
change
2
half
Irms
toishalf
change
both the PWM’s reduced to half
is
is
FS to>3Fall PWM
is
>3FS to all PWM
is
F to all PWM FS to>3F to all PWM
allSPWM
CMV
to
FSS to all PWM >3FS to all PWM
in CMV
to
S to all PWM
CMV
in CMV
reduced to
CMV
frequency componentcomponent frequency component
CMV
frequency component frequency E=𝑉𝑑𝑐 /3 for SVPWM, E=𝑉𝑑𝑐 /3 for AZPWM
thefor Stepwise
frequency component
reduced
reduced
frequency component frequency component E=Vdc/3 for SVPWM, E=Vdc/6 for AZPWM
Stepwise
/3 SVPWM, E=𝑉𝑑𝑐 /3 for AZPWM
for Stepwise
frequency component E=𝑉𝑑𝑐 forfor
both the PWM’s reduced

thefor Stepwise
E=Vdc/3 for SVPWM, E=Vdc/6 AZPWM
Choose Filter Choose Choke
in
Choose Filter Choose Choke
in
Choose Filter
Filter Choose
Choose Choose ChokeChoke Find LT and R T for SVPWM & AZPWM
3f ≪ Fres ≪ FS , CC ≫ Cwf . Fres > 3FS . Fix LC LT and R T for SVPWM & AZPWM
FindLL
Find T and R T for SVPWMFind
& AZPWM
both the PWM’s

3f ≪ Fres ≪ FS , CC ≫ Cwf . Fres > 3FS . Fix LC T and R T for SVPWM & AZPWM
both the PWM’s

Maintain the
3f ≪
≪ FFres ≪≪ FFS,, C
CC ≫ Cwf . Fix LC andFCres C for
> SVPWM for SVPWM
3f S C ≫ Cwf .
Fix LC andFCres > 3F
C for S ..Fix
SVPWM
3F LC
S Fix LC
for SVPWM
Maintain the
for
constraints
res
Fix LLC and
and CCC for
for SVPWM
SVPWM for
for SVPWM
constraints
Maintain
Fix
constraints
C C SVPWM 2 L ΤC C <<R TR < <
0.50.5LTLΤCΤwf
constraints
l ΤΤ
22 LL Cwf < R T < 0.5 LT Τ2CwflLl Τwf T Cwf
Maintain
LLCAZPWM == LLCSVPWM //nn LLCAZPWM ==LLCSVPWM //nn wf T
CAZPWM CSVPWM CAZPWM CSVPWM l Cwf < R T < 0.5 LT ΤCwf
C == CCC= //nn/ n
LLCCAZPWM =L
C
/n
AZPWM = L CSVPWM / n CCCAZPWM
L C
LCAZPWM =
AZPWM AZPWM C L
SVPWM
C
LCSVPWM / n
SVPWMSVPWM
CCCCAZPWM = C SVPWM / n
AZPWM = C CSVPWM / n
CSVPWM
Estimate new FFres
Estimate new for AZPWM Estimate new Fres for AZPWM
res for AZPWM Estimate new Fres for AZPWM
(a)
(a)
Estimate new F for AZPWM
res for AZPWM
Estimate new Fres Estimate new FFres
Estimate new (b)
(c)
for AZPWM
(b)
(c)
res for AZPWM
Fig. 6. (a) CMV of inverter with SVPWM and AZPWM-1 showing worst case step change (b) Flowchart for the design of chokeand
Fig. 6. (a) CMV of inverter with SVPWM and AZPWM-1 showing worst case step change (b) Flowchart for the design of choke
choke andfilter
and filterfor
filter forSVPWM
for SVPWMand
SVPWM and
and
AZPWM-1 (c) Flowchart for the design of CMT with damping resistor
AZPWM-1 (c) Flowchart for the design of CMT with damping resistor
Sr.No.
Sr.No. Item
Item Parameters
Parameters
Sr.No. Item Parameters
1.
1. IM
IM 1.1𝑘𝑊, 415𝑉,
1.1𝑘𝑊, 415𝑉, 50𝐻𝑧,
50𝐻𝑧, 2.55𝐴,
2.55𝐴, 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟
𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒,
𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝑅 𝑅𝑠 ==
1.1𝑘𝑊, 415𝑉, 50𝐻𝑧, 𝑠
1. IM 𝑅𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟
𝑅𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒,
𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝑅 = 2.55𝐴,
𝑅𝑟′′ ,, = 6.53Ω, 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟
6.53Ω, 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒,
𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒,𝑅
𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒,
𝑠 =
𝐿𝐿𝑠 =
=
𝑅𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝑟𝑅′ , = 6.53Ω, 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒,𝑠 𝐿𝑠 =
𝑅𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒; 𝐿′′𝑟 =𝑟 39.559𝑚𝐻, 𝐶𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡,
𝑅𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒; 𝐿𝑟 = ′ 39.559𝑚𝐻, 𝐶𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡,
𝑅𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟
𝑅𝑐 = 𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒;
= 1266.3Ω, 𝐿
1266.3Ω, ;; 𝑀𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑧𝑖𝑛𝑔
𝑀𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑧𝑖𝑛𝑔
𝑟 = 39.559𝑚𝐻, 𝐶𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠
𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝐿𝐿𝑚 = 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡,
= 0.542𝐻
0.542𝐻
𝑅𝑐𝑅 = 𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝑚
𝑐 1266.3Ω, ; 𝑀𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑧𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝐿𝑚 = 0.542𝐻
2. Operating 𝑉𝑑𝑐 =
𝑉 = 450𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡,
450𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡, 𝐹 𝐹𝑆 = = 5𝑘𝐻𝑧
5𝑘𝐻𝑧 &15𝑘𝐻𝑧,
&15𝑘𝐻𝑧, 𝑚 𝑚𝑎 == 0.4
0.4 &
&1 1
2.
2. Operating
Operating 𝑑𝑐
𝑉𝑑𝑐 = 450𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡,𝑆𝐹𝑆 = 5𝑘𝐻𝑧 &15𝑘𝐻𝑧, 𝑎𝑚𝑎 = 0.4 & 1
3.
3. CM
CM Choke
Choke 𝐿𝐿𝐶𝐶𝐿𝐴𝑍𝑃𝑊𝑀 = 20𝑚𝐻, 𝐿𝐶𝑆𝑉𝑃𝑊𝑀 =
𝐴𝑍𝑃𝑊𝑀 = 20𝑚𝐻, 𝐿𝐶
= 20𝑚𝐻, 𝐿
= 10𝑚𝐻
=
10𝑚𝐻
10𝑚𝐻
3. CM Choke 𝐶𝐴𝑍𝑃𝑊𝑀 𝑆𝑉𝑃𝑊𝑀
𝐶𝑆𝑉𝑃𝑊𝑀
4. CM Filter
Filter 𝑆𝑉𝑃𝑊𝑀: 𝐿𝐿𝐶 =
𝑆𝑉𝑃𝑊𝑀: = 27.3𝑚𝐻,
27.3𝑚𝐻, 𝐶 𝐶𝐶 == 0.3𝑢𝐹,
0.3𝑢𝐹, 𝑅𝑅𝐶 = = 50Ω;
50Ω;
4. CM 𝑆𝑉𝑃𝑊𝑀: 𝐶 = 𝐶 𝐶𝑅 =
4. CM Filter 𝐴𝑍𝑃𝑊𝑀:
𝐴𝑍𝑃𝑊𝑀: 𝐿𝐶𝐿=
𝐶 15.2𝑚𝐻,27.3𝑚𝐻, 𝐶𝐶𝐶=𝐶 =
= 0.3𝑢𝐹,𝑅
0.15𝑢𝐹, 50Ω;
𝐶= 50Ω
𝑅𝐶𝐶𝑅=
𝐴𝑍𝑃𝑊𝑀:𝐿𝐶𝐿𝐶==15.2𝑚𝐻, 15.2𝑚𝐻,𝐶 𝐶𝐶 =
𝐶
0.15𝑢𝐹,
0.15𝑢𝐹, 50Ω
𝐶 = 50Ω
5. CMT 𝑆𝑉𝑃𝑊𝑀: 𝐿 = 27.89𝑚𝐻, 𝑅 =
𝑇 = 27.89𝑚𝐻, 𝑅 𝑇 = 2.05𝑘Ω;2.05𝑘Ω;
5. CMT 𝑆𝑉𝑃𝑊𝑀:
𝑆𝑉𝑃𝑊𝑀: 𝐿 𝐿 𝑇𝐿𝑇𝑇 = = 15.2𝑚𝐻, 𝑇
27.89𝑚𝐻,𝑅𝑇𝑅𝑇==1.3𝑘Ω2.05𝑘Ω;
5. CMT 𝐴𝑍𝑃𝑊𝑀:
𝐴𝑍𝑃𝑊𝑀:
𝐴𝑍𝑃𝑊𝑀:𝐿𝑇𝐿= = 15.2𝑚𝐻,
15.2𝑚𝐻, 𝑅𝑇𝑅= = 1.3𝑘Ω
1.3𝑘Ω
𝑇 𝑇
(a)
(a) (b)
(b)
(a) (b)
Fig. 7. (a) Experimental setup consisting of inverter with CM filter feeding an IM (b) Experimental & IM parameters, operating conditions
conditions and
and design
design specifications
specifications
Fig. 7. (a) Experimental setup consisting of inverter with CM filter feeding an IM (b) Experimental & IM parameters, operatingconditions
Fig. 7. (a) Experimental setup consisting of inverter with CM filter feeding an IM (b) Experimental & IM parameters, operating conditionsand
anddesign
designspecifications
specifications
Without any attenuation method Without any attenuation method With CM choke With CM choke
Phase Voltage(250V/div)
Without any attenuation method SVPWM Phase Voltage(250V/div)
Without any attenuation method AZPWM-1 Phase Voltage(250V/div) With CM choke SVPWM Phase Voltage(250V/div) With CM choke AZPWM-1
Without any attenuation method
Phase Voltage(250V/div) Without any attenuation method
Phase Voltage(250V/div) Phase Voltage(250V/div) With CM choke Phase Voltage(250V/div) With CM choke AZPWM-1
Phase Voltage(250V/div) SVPWM Phase Voltage(250V/div) AZPWM-1 Phase Voltage(250V/div) SVPWM Phase Voltage(250V/div) AZPWM-1
SVPWM AZPWM-1 SVPWM
Phase Current(2A/div) 4 m-sec/div Phase Current(2A/div) 4 m-sec/div Phase Current(2A/div) 4 m-sec/div Phase Current(2A/div) 4 m-sec/div
Current THD:7.18%,
Phase Current(2A/div) 4 m-sec/div
Voltage THD:70.4%, Current THD:7.99%,
Voltage THD:90.12%, Current THD:5.16%,
Voltage THD:69.42%, Phase Current(2A/div)
Current THD:7.51%, 4 m-sec/div
Voltage THD:89.6%,
Phase Current(2A/div)
Fundamental:1.558A(peak), 4 m-sec/div
1.101A(rms) Fundamental:220.5V(peak), 155.9V(rms) Phase Current(2A/div) 4 m-sec/div Phase Current(2A/div)
1.154A(rms) Fundamental:219.1V(peak), 154.9V(rms)
Phase Current(2A/div)1.178A(rms) Fundamental:220.3V(peak),
Fundamental:1.666A(peak), 4 m-sec/div 155.8V(rms)
Current THD:7.18%, Voltage THD:70.4%, Fundamental:1.692A(peak),
Current THD:7.99%,1.196A(rms) Fundamental:221.0V(peak), 159.3V(rms)
Voltage THD:90.12%, Current THD:5.16%, Voltage THD:69.42%, Current THD:7.51%, Voltage THD:89.6%,
Current THD:7.18%,1.101A(rms) Fundamental:220.5V(peak),
Voltage THD:70.4%,155.9V(rms) Current THD:7.99%, Voltage THD:90.12%, Current THD:5.16%, Voltage THD:69.42%, Current THD:7.51%,
Fundamental:1.666A(peak), Voltage THD:89.6%,
1.178A(rms) Fundamental:220.3V(peak), 155.8V(rms)
Fundamental:1.558A(peak), Fundamental:1.692A(peak), 1.196A(rms) Fundamental:221.0V(peak), 159.3V(rms) Fundamental:1.632A(peak), 1.154A(rms) Fundamental:219.1V(peak), 154.9V(rms) Fundamental:1.666A(peak), 1.178A(rms) Fundamental:220.3V(peak), 155.8V(rms)
Fundamental:1.558A(peak), 1.101A(rms) Fundamental:220.5V(peak), 155.9V(rms) Fundamental:1.692A(peak), 1.196A(rms) Fundamental:221.0V(peak), 159.3V(rms) Fundamental:1.632A(peak), 1.154A(rms) Fundamental:219.1V(peak), 154.9V(rms)
(a) (b) (c) (d)

(a)
(a) (b)
(b) (c)
(c) (d)
(d)
With CMT With CMT With CM Filter With CM Filter
With CMT With CMT With CM Filter With CM Filter
Phase Voltage(250V/div) With CMT SVPWM Phase Voltage(250V/div) With CMT AZPWM-1 Phase Voltage(250V/div) With CM Filter SVPWM Phase Voltage(250V/div) With CM Filter AZPWM-1
Phase Current(2A/div) 4 m-sec/div Phase Current(2A/div) 4 m-sec/div Phase Current(2A/div) 4 m-sec/div Phase Current(2A/div) 4 m-sec/div
Current THD:6.2%, Voltage THD:71.13%, Current THD:7.92%, Voltage THD:91.51%, Current THD:4.6%,
Phase Current(2A/div) Voltage THD:5.1%, Current THD:6.53%, Voltage THD:7.32%,
Phase Current(2A/div) 4 m-sec/div Phase Current(2A/div) 4 m-sec/div 4 m-sec/div
Phase Current(2A/div) 1.124A(rms) Fundamental:209.7V(peak),
Phase Current(2A/div) Phase Current(2A/div)
1.212A(rms) Fundamental:223.3V(peak), 157.9V(rms) Fundamental:1.59A(peak), 4 m-sec/div Phase Current(2A/div)
Current THD:6.2%,1.169A(rms) Fundamental:220.2V(peak), 155.7V(rms)
Voltage THD:71.13%, Current THD:7.92%, Voltage THD:91.51%,
Voltage THD:91.51%, Current THD:4.6%, Voltage THD:5.1%,149.3V(rms) Fundamental:1.567A(peak),
Current THD:6.53%, 4 m-sec/div
1.108A(rms) Fundamental:207.0V(peak),
Voltage THD:7.32%,146.4V(rms)
Current THD:6.2%, Voltage THD:71.13%, Current THD:7.92%, Current THD:4.6%, Voltage THD:5.1%, Current THD:6.53%, Voltage THD:7.32%,
Fundamental:1.653A(peak), 1.169A(rms) Fundamental:220.2V(peak), 155.7V(rms) Fundamental:1.713A(peak), 1.212A(rms) Fundamental:223.3V(peak), 157.9V(rms) Fundamental:1.59A(peak), 1.124A(rms) Fundamental:209.7V(peak), 149.3V(rms) Fundamental:1.567A(peak), 1.108A(rms) Fundamental:207.0V(peak), 146.4V(rms)
Fundamental:1.653A(peak), 1.169A(rms) Fundamental:220.2V(peak), 155.7V(rms) Fundamental:1.713A(peak), 1.212A(rms) Fundamental:223.3V(peak), 157.9V(rms) Fundamental:1.59A(peak), 1.124A(rms) Fundamental:209.7V(peak), 149.3V(rms) Fundamental:1.567A(peak), 1.108A(rms) Fundamental:207.0V(peak), 146.4V(rms)
(e) (f) (g) (h)
(e)
(e) (f) (g)
(f) current waveforms, without any attenuation
(g) (h)
(h) (b) AZPWM-1 at
Fig. 8. Experimentally obtained IM phase voltage and no-load methods for (a) SVPWM at 5kHz
Fig. 8. Experimentally obtained IM phase voltage and no-load current waveforms, without any attenuation methods for (a) SVPWM at 5kHz (b) AZPWM-1 at
5kHz,
Fig.
Fig. with
8. CM choke
Experimentallyfor (c) SVPWM
obtained IM at
phase5kHz (d)
voltage AZPWM-1
and no-load at 5kHz,
current with CMT
waveforms, for (e)
without SVPWM
any at 5kHz
attenuation (f) AZPWM-1
methods for (a) at 5kHz
SVPWM and
at with
5kHz CM
(b) EMI filter for
(b)AZPWM-1 atat
5kHz,8. with
Experimentally
CM choke for obtained IM phase
(c) SVPWM voltage
at 5kHz and no-loadatcurrent
(d) AZPWM-1 5kHz, waveforms,
with CMT forwithout any attenuation
(e) SVPWM at 5kHz methods for (a)atSVPWM
(f) AZPWM-1 5kHz andatwith
5kHzCM AZPWM-1
EMI filter for
(g)
5kHz,
5kHz, SVPWM
with CM
with at choke
CM 15kHz(h)
choke for AZPWM-1
for (c) SVPWMat
(c) SVPWM at15kHz
5kHz (d)
(d) AZPWM-1
AZPWM-1 at at 5kHz,
5kHz, with
with CMT
CMT for
for (e)
(e) SVPWM
SVPWMatat5kHz 5kHz(f)
(f)AZPWM-1
AZPWM-1atat5kHz5kHzand
andwith
withCM
CMEMIEMIfilter
filterforfor
(g) SVPWM at 15kHz(h) AZPWM-1 atat 5kHz
15kHz
(g) SVPWM
(g) SVPWM atat 15kHz(h)
15kHz(h) AZPWM-1
AZPWM-1 at at 15kHz
15kHz
Comparing
Comparing the the design
design of of CMT CMT in in both
both thethe cases,
cases, it it cancan be be Fig. 7(b) andand
parameters theTLVSI
IM is modifiedoperatingto conditions
measure theare shaft voltage in
presented as
Comparing
Comparing
observed that theLTdesign
the design
for of CMT in
of
AZPWM-1 is both
almost theonecases,
third itit’scan
can
value be
be parameters
parameters
in [26]. The and
and TLVSI
TLVSI
maximum operating
operating
linear m for conditions
conditions
SVPWM are
are
and presented
presented
AZPWM-1 in
isin
observed that LT for AZPWM-1 is almost one third it’s value Fig. 7(b) and the IM is modifieda to measure the shaft voltage as
observed
observed
from SVPWM. that LLTTAlternate
that for AZPWM-1
for AZPWM-1design is
optionalmostis toone third it’s
increase it’s
the value
value
F of Fig.
Fig.
1.15 7(b)
7(b)
[22], and
and the
the
[30]. IM
To IM isismodified
limit modified
the size toof
tomeasure
measure
passive the
the shaft
shaft
components, voltage
voltage
F as
s isas
for
from SVPWM. Alternate design option is to increase the Fss of in [26]. The maximum linear ma for SVPWM and AZPWM-1
from SVPWM.
from
AZPWM-1 SVPWM. with Alternate
Alternate
the same design
L as option
in SVPWM.is to increase the
the F
F of
s of in
in [26].
[26]. The
The maximum
maximum linear
linear mm aafor
for SVPWM
SVPWM and
and AZPWM-1
AZPWM-1 is
isis
AZPWM-1 with the same LTT as in SVPWM. s
1.15 [22], [30]. To limit the size of passive components, Fs itfor
CM choke and EMI filter is fixed at 15kHz and for CMT,
AZPWM-1
AZPWM-1Design with the
procedure
with the for
same
same all Lthree
TT as methods
in SVPWM. are shown in Fig. 6(b) 1.15
1.15
fixed [22],
[22],
at [30].
5kHz.[30]. To
To
The limit
limit the
the
experimentally size
size ofofobtained
passive
passive components,
components,
phase voltages FsFandfor
for
Design procedure for all three methods are shown in Fig. 6(b) CM choke and EMI filter is fixed at 15kHz and for CMT, its is
& Design
Fig.
Fig. 6(c).
&Design
procedure
For
procedure
6(c).
for all
For designing
for
designing
all three
of
of CM
CM choke
methods areand
choke and
shown
EMIinfilter
EMI
Fig.
Fig. 6(b)
filter it6(b)
it is
is
CM
CM choke
choke
currents of and EMI
andThe
TLVSI EMI filter
withoutfilteris isfixed
and withat
fixed at 15kHz
15kHz
passive and
andforfor
attenuation CMT,
CMT,
methodsitand
itisis
fixed at 5kHz. experimentally obtained phase voltages
&& Fig.
necessary
Fig. 6(c).
6(c).to For designing
determine
For designing the worst
of CM
necessary to determine the worst case magnitude attenuationcase
choke and
magnitude EMI filter
attenuation
filter it
it is
is fixed
fixed
for at
bothat 5kHz.
5kHz.
SVPWM The
The experimentally
and experimentally
AZPWM-1 obtained
areobtained
currents of TLVSI without and with passive attenuation methods shown phase
phase
in Fig.voltages
voltages
8. It can and and
be
necessary
difference
necessary to determine
between
to determineSVPWM the
the and
worst AZPWM-1
difference between SVPWM and AZPWM-1 (n). CM EMI filter case magnitude
(n). CM attenuation
EMI
attenuation filter currents
currents
seen in of
of
Fig. TLVSI
TLVSI
8(a) - without
without
Fig. 8(f) and
and
that with
with
the
for both SVPWM and AZPWM-1 are shown in Fig. 8. It can be passive
passive
phase attenuation
attenuation
profiles remain methods
methods
same
difference
is
is chosen
difference to
chosen between between
to attenuateSVPWM
SVPWM
attenuate all
all the
theand PWM
PWM frequency(n).
frequency
AZPWM-1 CM EMI
component
component EMI from filter
from
filter for
for both
without
seen both SVPWM
in Fig.and
SVPWM with- and
8(a) andAZPWM-1
CM
Fig. choke
AZPWM-1
8(f) that andtheare
CMT.
are shown
phaseshownHoweverininFig.
profiles Fig. 8.8.Fig.
in
remain ItItcan 8(g)
can
same bebe
is
isF .chosen
If
chosen the to
to attenuate
attenuation
attenuate all
requirement
all the PWM is from
frequency
Fss . If the attenuation requirement is from 3Fss or 5Fss then CM 3F component
or 5F
component then from
CM
from seen
& in
Fig.
seen in Fig.
8(h),
Fig. 8(a)
due
8(a) -
to- Fig. 8(f)
additional
Fig. 8(f) thatDM
that the
without and with CM choke and CMT. However in Fig. 8(g)the phase
filter
phasein profiles
CM-EMI
profiles remain
filter,
remain same
both
same
F
Fchoke
ss..
choke IfIf the
theis aattenuation
better
attenuation requirement
choice as
requirement the burden
is
is a better choice as the burden on hardware from 3F
on s or 5F
hardware s thenis
then
s is less. CM
less.
CM without
phase
& and
Fig.voltage
without with
and due
8(h), andtoCM
with current
CM chokeare and
choke
additional and CMT.CMT.inHowever
sinusoidal.
DM filter CM-EMIinin
However Fig. 8(g)
Fig.both
filter, 8(g)
choke
Compared
choke is
is aa tobetter
above
better choice
mentioned
choice as themethods,
Compared to above mentioned methods, design of CMT does burden on hardware
design of CMT is
is less.
does
less. && Fig.
Fig.
Design 8(h),
8(h),of due
due
CM to
to additional
additional
choke
phase voltage and current are sinusoidal. and DM
DM
EMI filter
filter
filter in
isin CM-EMI
CM-EMI
based on filter,
filter,
frequencyboth
both
Compared
not
not require
Compared requireto to
any
anyabove
above mentioned
prediction
mentioned
prediction // hardware
methods,
hardware design except
procedure
procedure of CMT
except
CMT does
finding
does
finding phase
phase voltage
domain profilesand
voltage andcurrent
and current are
aresinusoidal.
hence experimentallysinusoidal.obtained FFT of CMC
not
C .require any prediction except finding Design of CM choke and EMI filter is based on frequency
not
Cw f . require any prediction / hardware procedure finding without
Design andof with
of CM passive attenuation filtermethods basedare shown in
andchokehenceand EMI
EMIfilter isobtained
isbased ononfrequency
w f Design CM choke and frequency
domain profiles experimentally FFT of CMC
CCwwf f.. Fig.
domain 3 &
domainprofiles Fig.
profiles 9.
and It can
hence be seen
henceexperimentally
andpassive experimentallyfrom Fig.
obtained 3(a)
obtained &
FFT
FFT Fig.
ofofCMC3(b)
CMC
IV. R ESULTS AND D ISCUSSION without and with attenuation methods are shown in
IV. R ESULTS AND D ISCUSSION and
withoutFig. and
without 9(a) with
and & Fig.
with 9(b) that
passive
passive CM choke
attenuation
attenuation methods
methodsfor bothare
are the
shownPWMs
shown inin
Fig. 3 & Fig. 9. It can be seen from Fig. 3(a) & Fig. 3(b)
The experimental IV. R
IV. Rsetup
ESULTS
ESULTS consist
ANDof 1.1kW IM, 4KVA inverter
D ISCUSSION eliminate
Fig. 33 & the
Fig.Fs9.9.
multiples
ItIt can above Fresfrom(> 3F s ). Whereas with CM
The experimental setup consist of 1.1kW IM, 4KVA inverter Fig. Fig.
and &9(a)Fig.& Fig. 9(b)be
can be seen
that seen
CM from
choke Fig. for3(a)
Fig. both&&
3(a) the Fig.
Fig.
PWMs3(b)3(b)
and The DSP-F28377S controller
experimental controller
setup consist as shown in Fig. 4KVA 7(a). The IM EMI filter in Fig. 9(c) & Fig. 9(d) all F multiples are attenuated.
and The experimental
DSP-F28377S setup of 1.1kW
as shown in IM,
Fig. 7(a). The inverter
inverter IM and
and Fig.
Fig. 9(a)
9(a) && Fig.
Fig. 9(b)
9(b) that
that CM
CM choke
s
choke
eliminate the Fs multiples above Fres (> 3Fs ). Whereas with CM for
for both
both thethe PWMs
PWMs
parameters
and DSP-F28377S
and and TLVSI
DSP-F28377S controller operating conditions
controller as shown in Fig. 7(a). The are presented
The IM in
IM The experimentally
eliminate
eliminate the
theFFss multiples
multiples obtained
aboveFtime
above res(>
Fres domain
(> 3F3F s ).
profiles with
s ).Whereas
Whereas of
withCMCCM CM
6
666
(a) (b)
(a) (b)
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
(c)
Fig. 9. Experimental obtained FFT of(c) (d)
CMC for SVPWM and AZPWM-1 with CM choke at (a) Fs =15kHz & ma =0.4,(b)
(d) Fs =15kHz & ma =1.0 and with CM
EMI
Fig. filter at (c) Fs =15kHz & maFFT
=0.4 (d)CMC
Fs =15kHz & ma =1.0
Fig. 9. 9.Experimental
Experimental obtained
obtained FFT ofofCMC for SVPWM
for SVPWM and AZPWM-1
and AZPWM-1 with with CM
CM choke
choke atat (a)(a)FFs =15kHz & ma =0.4,(b)
s =15kHz & m
Fs=15kHz & m a=1.0 and with
a =0.4,(b) sFs =15kHz & ama =1.0 and with CM
with CM CM
EMI filter at (c) Fs =15kHz & ma =0.4 (d) Fs =15kHz & ma =1.0
EMISVPWM
filter at (c)Peak:Fs640mA;
=15kHz
RMS: 36.2mA & SVPWM
ma =0.4 (d) Peak:
Fs88mA;
=15kHz
RMS: 27mA &m a =1.0
SVPWM Peak: 56mA; RMS: 7.91mA AZPWM Peak: 544mA; RMS: 30.9mA AZPWM Peak: 88mA; RMS: 14.5mA
AZPWM Peak: 48mA; RMS: 3.63mA
SVPWM Peak: 640mA; RMS: 36.2mA SVPWM Peak: 88mA; RMS: 27mA SVPWM Peak: 56mA; RMS: 7.91mA AZPWM Peak: 544mA; RMS: 30.9mA AZPWM Peak: 88mA; RMS: 14.5mA Peak: 48mA; RMS: 3.63mA
AZPWM
SVPWM Peak: 640mA; RMS: 36.2mA SVPWM Peak: 88mA; RMS: 27mA SVPWM Peak: 56mA; RMS: 7.91mA AZPWM Peak: 544mA; RMS: 30.9mA AZPWM Peak: 88mA; RMS: 14.5mA Peak: 48mA; RMS: 3.63mA
AZPWM
Without any attenuation methods With CM choke With CM filter Without any attenuation methods With CM choke With CM filter
Without any attenuation methods With CM choke With CM filter Without any attenuation methods With CM choke With CM filter
(a)
Without any attenuation methods (b)
With CM choke (c)
With CM filter (d)
Without any attenuation methods (e)
With CM choke (f)
With CM filter
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f)
Fig. 10. (a)
Experimentally obtained time
(b) domain profile of CMC for SVPWM at Fs =15kHz (d)
(a) without attenuation (b) with CM choke (c) with CM EMI filter,
Fig. 10. Experimentally obtained time domain profile of CMC (c)
for SVPWM at Fs =15kHz (a) without attenuation (b) (e)
with CM choke (c) with CM (f)EMI filter,
and AZPWM-1 at Fs =15kHz (d) without attenuation (e) with CM choke (f) with CM EMI filter
and AZPWM-1 at Fs =15kHz (d) without attenuation (e) with CM choke (f) with CM EMI filter
Fig. 10. Experimentally obtained time domain profile of CMC for SVPWM at Fs =15kHz (a) without attenuation (b) with CM choke (c) with CM EMI filter,
and CMV:
AZPWM-1
CMV:
100 V/div
100 V/div at Fs =15kHz (d)
CMV: 100without
V/div
CMV: 100 V/div attenuation (e) with CM choke (f) with CMV:
CM EMI filter
100 V/div
CMV: 100 V/div
CMV: 100 V/div
CMV: 100 V/div
CMV: 100 V/div
CMV: 100 V/div
CMV: 100 V/div CMV: 100 V/div CMV:
CMV: 100
100 V/div
V/div CMV: 100 V/div
CMV: 100 V/div
Shaft
ShaftVoltage:
Voltage: 10
10 V/div
V/div Shaft
Shaft Voltage:
Voltage: 10
10 V/div
V/div Shaft
Shaft Voltage: 10 V/div
V/div Shaft Voltage:
Voltage: 10
10 V/div
V/div
Shaft Voltage: 10 V/div
Voltage: 10 Shaft ShaftCMV:
Shaft 10010
Voltage:
Voltage: 10V/div
V/div
V/div
CMV: 100 V/div
SVPWM;10Without
Shaft Voltage:
SVPWM; Without any attenuation
V/div any attenuation method 80 µsec/div
method 80 µsec/div ShaftSVPWM;
Voltage: With
10 V/div
CM choke 80 µsec/div SVPWM; With CM filter 80 µsec/div AZPWM; Without
Shaft Voltage: any attenuation method 80 µsec/div
10 V/div AZPWM; With CM
Shaft Voltage: choke
10 V/div 80 µsec/div AZPWM; With CM filter 80
80 µsec/div
µsec/div
Shaft Voltage: 10 V/div Shaft Voltage: 10 V/div
(a)
(a) (b)
(b) (c)
(c) (d)
(d) (e)
(e) (f)
(f)
SVPWM; Without any attenuation method 80 µsec/div SVPWM; With CM choke 80 µsec/div SVPWM; With CM filter 80 µsec/div AZPWM; Without any attenuation method 80 µsec/div AZPWM; With CM choke 80 µsec/div AZPWM; With CM filter 80 µsec/div
Fig. 11.
Fig. 11. Experimentally
11. Experimentally obtained
Experimentally obtained time
obtained time domain profile
time domain
domain profile of
of CMV
CMV & & shaft
shaft voltage
voltage for
for SVPWM
SVPWM at at F
F =15kHz (a)(a) without attenuation
attenuation (b) with
with CM choke
choke (c)
(c) with
with
Fig.
CM EMI (a)
filter, and AZPWM-1 at F (b) (d) profile
withoutofattenuation
CMV (c)
& shaft voltage
CM for SVPWM
(f) (d) Fsss=15kHz
at CM =15kHz (a) without attenuation (b)
without(e) (b) with CM
CM choke
(f) (c) with
CM EMI filter, and AZPWM-1 at F ss =15kHz
=15kHz (d) without attenuation (e) with
(e) with CM choke
choke (f) with
with CM EMI filter
EMI filter
CM EMI filter, and AZPWM-1 at F =15kHz (d) without attenuation (e) with CM choke (f) with CM EMI filter
s
Fig. 11. Experimentally obtained time domain profile of CMV & shaft voltage for SVPWM at Fs =15kHz (a) without attenuation (b) with CM choke (c) with
CM EMI filter, and AZPWM-1 at Fs =15kHz (d) without attenuation (e) with CM choke (f) with CM EMI filter
without and
EMI filter with9(c)
in Fig. CM&choke andallCM
Fig. 9(d) EMI filterarefor
F multiples both the
attenuated. little attenuation
peak amplitude & as dv/dt
shownof
in CMV
Fig. 13.
andFFT of CMC
shaft without
voltage and
sees very
EMI
PWM’s filterare
in Fig.
shown 9(c)in&Fig. Fig. 10.
9(d)This all Fssshows
multiplesthat are
withattenuated. peak amplitude & dv/dt of CMV andFig.
shaft voltage sees 14(a)
very
The experimentally obtained time domain profiles ofreduced
CMC little with attenuation
little CMT
attenuation
is shown
as
in Fig.
as shown
shown
in Fig.
in
3(c)13.
Fig.
&
13.
FFT of
FFT
3(d)
of
CMC
CMC
andwithout
Fig.
without
and
EMI The
filterexperimentally
hardware incomponents,
Fig. 9(c) & obtained
AZPWM-1
Fig. 9(d) time
allCM domain
Fattenuates profiles
the peakof CMC
ampli-
the with& Fig.CMT 14(b), where
is shown theFig.
in F multiples
ofs 3(c) &andFig.above Fand
res (>
3(d) voltage 3F
Fig. ) and
for
S14(a)
without and with CM choke and s multiples
EMI filter areforattenuated.
both peak amplitude & dv/dt CMV shaft sees very
without
tude and and
RMS with CM
value choke
of CMC and CM
similar EMI
to filter
SVPWM. for both
Similarlythe with
SVPWM
& Fig.CMT and
14(b),is Fshown
where
res (> in
7Fthe
S )Fig.
for
F 3(c)
AZPWM & Fig.
multiples are 3(d)
abovebeingF and Fig.
attenuated.
(> 3F 14(a)
) for
PWM’s are
Theexperimentally shown
experimentallyobtained in Fig. 10.
obtainedCMV This shows
time domain that with
profiles ofreduced little
CMC & Finally, attenuation as shown in
s Fig. 13. FFT of CMC res without S and
the
PWM’s arecomponents,
shown in Fig. 10. Thisand shaftthat
shows voltage
with ofreduced
CMV SVPWMFig. 14(b), theFtime
and where the
res (> domain
7F Fs results
for
S ) Fig.
multiples
AZPWM above
without
are Fresattenuated.
and
being (> 3Fpassive
with S ) for
hardware
without and with CM AZPWM-1 attenuates the peak ampli- with CMT is shown in 3(c) & Fig. 3(d) and Fig. 14(a)
without
tude andand
hardware components, CMchoke
withvalue choke
CMCand
AZPWM-1
and CM CM EMI
EMI
attenuates
filter
filter for both
the for
peak both the
the SVPWM
ampli- CM and
the Ftime
attenuation
Finally, 7FS ) are
resmethods
(> domain for compared
AZPWM are
for being
both
and the attenuated.
PWMs at
PWM’s
PWMs are
are
RMS
shown
shown in
in Fig.
of
Fig. 11.10. The
similar
This
peak
to SVPWM.
shows that
magnitude with
and
Similarly
reduced
dv/dt of
& Finally,
Fig. 14(b), the
where
time
the Fsresults
domain results
without
multiples
without
aboveand
Fwith
with
passive
3FS ) for
res (>&passive
tude and RMS value
the experimentally of CMC
obtained CMV similar
and to SVPWM.
shaft voltage Similarly m
CM = 0.4 &
attenuation 1 and F
methods =
of CMV SVPWM and F (> 7F ) for AZPWM are being attenuated.
a S 5kHz
are & 15kHz.
compared for The
both peak the RMS
PWMs
hardware
CMV
the components,
& and
shaftwith
experimentally
without voltages
CM
AZPWM-1
sees
obtained
choke very
CMVand
attenuates
lessCM attenuation
and the
shaftfilter
EMI with
voltagepeak
forCMof ampli-
bothchoke
CMV the CM at maattenuation
values of CMC
=0.4 & 1and res
methods
andpeak Samplitude
FS =5kHzare compared of shaftfor
& 15kHz. Theboth
voltage peak the&
for PWMs
different
RMS
tudeas and
shown RMS
in value
Fig. 11(b) of &CMCFig. similar
11(e). to
WhereSVPWM.
as with Similarly
CM EMI Finally,
passive
values
at m of the
attenuation
=0.4 CMC & 1 time
and domain
methods
andpeak
F =5kHz results
are
amplitude shown
& of without
in
shaft
15kHz. Fig. and
15.
voltage
The with
Compared
for
peak passive
different
& RMS to
PWMs are
without andshownwith in CMFig. 11. The
choke and peakCM magnitude
EMI filter and for dv/dt
both the of a S
thePWMsexperimentally
filter, both peak obtained
magnitude &CMV dv/dt andof shaft
CMV voltage
and shaft of CMV
voltage CM
SVPWM,
passive attenuation
it is
attenuation seen methods
that
methods are
AZPWM-1
are compared
shown within two for
Fig. both
times
15. the
lesser
Compared PWMs
value
to
CMV &are shaft
shownvoltages
in Fig. sees11.veryThelesspeak attenuation
magnitude with
andCM dv/dtchokeof values of CMC and peak amplitude of shaft voltage for different
attenuation
without isFig.
maximum &asFig.
shown in Fig.
EMI11(c) & Fig. 11(f). at LmCa =0.4
of CitC&
&attenuation 1 and
isresults inFAZPWM-1
=5kHz
Ssimilar & with
15kHz.
are attenuation ofTheCMC peakand&value RMS
shaft
as shown
CMV &and inwith
shaft CM
11(b)choke
voltages sees veryand11(e).
CM
less Where
attenuation filter
as with for
with both
CM
CM EMIthe passive
choke SVPWM, seen that
methods shown intwo
Fig. times
15. lesser
Compared to
PWMsfilter, are
both shown
peak in Fig.
magnitude 11. & The peak
dv/dt of magnitude
CMV and and
shaft dv/dt
voltageof values
voltage
of L
SVPWM, C &of CMC
whereas
CitC is and
seenCMT
results peak
in
that amplitude
with
similar
AZPWM-1 2.68 of
times
attenuation
with shaft
lesser
two ofvoltage
timesL
CMC T for
has
and
lesser different
similar
shaft
value
as The
shown in Fig. 11(b)
experimental results& Fig.
without 11(e).
and Where
with11(c)
CMTas with CM 5kHzEMI
CMVfilter, &both
attenuationshaftpeak
isvoltages
maximum
magnitudeseesasvery&shown lessin
dv/dt attenuation
ofFig.
CMV and &at
with F s of
CM
Fig.
shaft choke of
11(f).
voltage
passive
attenuation
voltage attenuation
LC &whereasCCtoresults
CMC CMT methods
and
in withshaft
similar areattenuation
shown
times in
voltage.
2.68 Fig.
Therefore
lesser
of CMCL15.
T hasCompared
AZPWM-1 shaft to
andsimilar
is shown in Fig. 12 and Fig. 13 respectively. It is clear from attenuation with
SVPWM, lesser it hardware
to is CMC
seen can
and
that achieve
shaft
AZPWM-1 equivalent
voltage.with CM
Therefore
two times performance
AZPWM-1
lesser value
asattenuation
shown in Fig.
The experimental 11(b) &asFig.
results without11(e). andWhere
with as with
CMT FCM
&atFig. of EMI voltage whereas CMT with 2.68 times lesser LT has similar
5kHz
Fig. 13(a) &is Fig. maximum
13(b) that shown
the desiredin Fig.
RMS11(c) value 11(f).
ofs CMC at with
for TLVSI
lesser fed
of LC & CCto results IM
hardware drive.
can achieve
in similar equivalent
attenuation CM
of CMC performance
and shaft
filter,
maThe
both is
is shown
= 0.4
peak
in Fig. magnitude
13mA. With
12 and Fig. & dv/dt
2.68 times and
of CMVL and
13 respectively.
reduced
shaft
It is clear voltage
from attenuation CMC and shaft voltage. Therefore AZPWM-1
experimental results without with T value
CMT FAZPWM-
at of of 5kHz for TLVSI fed IM CMT drive. with 2.68 times lesser L has similar
Fig. 13(a) is& maximum
attenuation Fig. 13(b) as thatshown
the desired
in Fig.RMS
11(c) value
& s CMC
Fig. 11(f). at withvoltage whereas
lesser hardware can achieve equivalent CM performance T
1 with
is shownCMT provides theFig.
same 13 RMS value asIt designed. The
ma=0.4 isin13mA.
Fig. 12
With and 2.68 times respectively.
reduced LCMT
T value
is clear
AZPWM- from attenuation to IM CMC and
V. Cshaft voltage. Therefore AZPWM-1
ONCLUSION
The
peak
Fig. experimental
values
13(a) are
& Fig. results
comparable
13(b) the without
thatsame in and
all
the desired thewith
cases.
RMS as at
The
value FCMVof 5kHz
ofs CMCThe at with lesserfed
and for TLVSI drive.
V. Cachieve
ONCLUSION
This paper has presented the designequivalent
hardware can of passive CM performance
1 with CMT provides RMS value designed.
is ma=0.4
shown
shaft in 13mA.
voltage
is Fig. 12With
profiles and Fig.
are2.68shown 13inrespectively.
times Fig. 13(c)L &It is clear
Fig. 13(d). from
The CM attenuation
peak values are comparable in allreduced
the cases. T value
The CMVAZPWM- and forThis TLVSIpaper has presented the design of passive CM attenuation
1peak
Fig. amplitude
13(a)
with & Fig.
CMT & dv/dt
13(b)
provides that ofsame
the
theshown CMV and value
desired shaft voltage
RMS value ofsees
CMC very methods
at methods forfed IM drive.
AZPWM-1 and
V. and compares their performance with
C ONCLUSION
shaft voltage profiles are inRMS
Fig. 13(c) &as Fig.
designed.
13(d). The
The for AZPWM-1 compares their performance with
ma=0.4
peak valuesis 13mA. are With
comparable 2.68 times in allreduced LT value
the cases. The CMV AZPWM- and This paper has presented the design of passive CM attenuation
1 shaft
with voltage
CMT provides the same RMS value
profiles are shown in Fig. 13(c) & Fig. 13(d). The as designed. The 77 methods for AZPWM-1V.andC ONCLUSION compares their performance with
peak values are comparable in all the cases. The CMV and This paper has presented the design of passive CM attenuation
shaft(c)voltage
0885-8993 2019 IEEE.profiles
Personal useare shownbutinrepublication/redistribution
is permitted, Fig. 13(c) & Fig.requires 13(d).IEEEThe
7 methods
permission. for AZPWM-1 and compares their performance
See http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/index.html with
for more information.
Peak: 624mA; RMS=20.1mA Peak: 544mA; RMS=18.1mA
SVPWM AZPWM
SVPWM Peak: 624mA; RMS=20.1mA
AZPWM Peak: 544mA; RMS=18.1mA CMV 100V/div
SVPWM Peak: 624mA; RMS=20.1mA AZPWM Peak: 544mA; RMS=18.1mA CMV 100V/div
SVPWM AZPWM CMV 100V/div
CMV 100V/div
Shaft Voltage 10V/div 80 usec/div

Without any attenuation methods Without any attenuation methods
(a)
Without any attenuation methods
(b)
Without any attenuation methods
(c) (d)
(a)
(a) (b)
(b) (c)
(c) (d)
(d)
(a)
Fig. 12. Experimentally obtained time domain profile of(b)CMC for (a) SVPWM (b) (c)
AZPWM-1, and CMV & (d)
shaft voltage for (c) SVPWM (d) AZPWM-1
Fig. 12.
Fig. 12. Experimentally
Experimentally obtained
obtained time
time domain
domain profile
profile of CMC
of for (a) SVPWM (b) AZPWM-1,
AZPWM-1, and CMV & shaft voltage for (c) SVPWM (d) AZPWM-1
without attenuation
Fig. 12.attenuation
without
methodobtained
Experimentally
method
at Fs =5kHz
at F
&domain
time&
Fss=5kHz
=5kHz
m =0.4profile
maaa=0.4
=0.4 of CMC
CMC for
for (a)
(a) SVPWM
SVPWM (b)
(b) AZPWM-1, and
and CMV
CMV &
& shaft voltage
shaft voltage for
for (c)
(c) SVPWM
SVPWM (d)
(d) AZPWM-1
AZPWM-1
without attenuation method at &
without attenuation method at F =5kHz & m =0.4
s s
ma a
AZPWM Peak: 144mA; RMS=13.1mA
SVPWM
SVPWM Peak: 144mA; RMS=13.0mA AZPWM
With
With CMT
CMT With CMT
With CMT
With
WithCMT
CMT With
With CMT
CMT
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(d)
(a)
(a) (b)
(b) (c)
(c) (d)
(d)
Fig. 13. Experimentally obtained time domain profile of CMC for (a) SVPWM (b) AZPWM-1, and CMV & shaft voltage for for (c) SVPWM (d)
(c) SVPWM (d) AZPWM-1
AZPWM-1 with
with
Fig.
Fig. 13.
13. Experimentally obtained
obtained time
time domain
domain profile
profile of
of CMC for (a) SVPWM (b) AZPWM-1, and CMV & shaft voltage
voltage for
for (c)
(c) SVPWM
SVPWM (d)
(d) AZPWM-1
AZPWM-1 with
with
CMT
CMT at FsExperimentally
at F =5kHz &
=5kHz &m ma =0.4
=0.4
CMT at Fss =5kHz & maa =0.4
(a)
(a) (b)
(b)
(a) (b)
Fig.
Fig. 14.
14. Experimentally
obtained FFT
FFT of
of CMC
CMC for
for SVPWM
SVPWM & AZPWM-1 with CMT at F =5kHz and, (a) m =0.4,
& AZPWM-1 with CMT at F =5kHz and, (a) m =0.4, (b)
s a (b) m =1.0.
m =1.0.
Fig.
Fig. 14.
14. Experimentally
obtained FFT
FFT of
of CMC
CMC for SVPWM & AZPWM-1 with CMT at Fsss =5kHz and, (a) maaa =0.4, (b)
for SVPWM maaaa=1.0.
(b) m =1.0.
CMC (peak) in mA CMC (peak) in mA
CMC
CMC (peak) in mA CMC (peak)
CMC (peak)in
inmA
mA
CMC (rms) *0.1 in mA CMC (rms) *0.1 in mA
600 CMC
CMC (rms) *0.1 in mA 600 CMC (rms)
CMC (rms)*0.1
*0.1in
inmA
mA
600
600 Shaft Voltage(peak) *0.1 V 600 Shaft Voltage(peak) *0.1 V
Shaft
Shaft Voltage(peak) *0.1 V Shaft Voltage(peak)
Shaft Voltage(peak)*0.1
*0.1VV
400 SVPWM AZPWM -1 SVPWM AZPWM-1

400
400 SVPWM
SVPWM
SVPWM AZPWM
AZPWM -1
-1 400
400 SVPWM
SVPWM
SVPWM AZPWM
AZPWM
AZPWM-1
-1
-1
400 400
200 200
200
200 200
200 200
0 Without With 20mH With CM Without With 0

00
0 Without
Without With20mH
With 20mH With CM
With CM Without
Without With 10mH
With 10mH
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With CM
0
0
Without
Without
Without
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With 28mH
With 28mH
Without
Without
Without
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With 10mH
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attenuation With 20mH
Choke
Choke With CM
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Filter Without
attenuation
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Choke With CM
Filter Without
attenuation
CMT
CMT Without
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attenuation Choke Filter attenuation Choke Filter attenuation CMT attenuation
attenuation CMT
CMT
attenuation Choke Filter attenuation Choke Filter attenuation CMT attenuation CMT
(a)
(a)
(a) (b)
(b)
(b)
Fig. 15. Experimental results for comparison (a)of peak & RMS values of CMC and peak amplitude of shaft voltage without and (b)with passive attenuation methods
Fig.
Fig.
Fig. 15.
15.
15. Experimental
Experimental
Experimental results for
results for
results comparison
foratcomparison
comparison of peak
of peak
of peak & RMS
& RMS
& values
values of
of CMC
CMC and
and peak
peak amplitude
amplitude of
of shaft
shaft voltage without
voltage without
without and
and
and with
with passive
with passive attenuation
passive attenuation methods
attenuation methods
methods
for (a)
Fig.(a)
15.SVPWM and AZPWM-1
Experimental results forat F =15kHz
FFsss=15kHz & m =1.0
a=1.0 (b) SVPWM and AZPWM-1 at F s =5kHz & m =0.4
a=0.4
for
for
for (a)
(a) SVPWM
SVPWM
SVPWM and AZPWM-1
and AZPWM-1
and AZPWM-1 atcomparison
at F =15kHz of
s =15kHz &
&
&m peak
m & RMS
maaa=1.0
=1.0 (b) values of
(b) SVPWM
SVPWM CMC
and
and and peakat
AZPWM-1
AZPWM-1 atamplitude
F
Fss =5kHz of m
=5kHz &
& shaft
m voltage without and with passive attenuation methods
a =0.4
a
for (a) SVPWM and AZPWM-1 at Fs =15kHz & ma =1.0 (b) SVPWM and AZPWM-1 at Fs =5kHz & ma =0.4
that of
that of conventional
conventional SVPWM.
SVPWM. These These design
design guidelines
guidelines were were re- [3] T. Plazenet, T. Boileau,of the C. impact
Caironiofand B. Nahid-Mobarakeh, ”A
that of
that of conventional
conventional SVPWM.
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re- [2]
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Currents in
alized
that
alized
alized based
ofbased
based
based on
on the
conventional
the
on the worst
SVPWM.
worst
the worst
worst case
case attenuation
These design
attenuation
case attenuation
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AZPWM-1
for SVPWMwere were halved
and halved
AZPWM-1. in comparison with
The components that of
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ofinSVPWM
case of
AZPWM-1
AZPWM-1 were
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Design of Passive Common Mode Attenuation Methods For Inverter Fed Induction Motor Drive

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Design of Passive Common Mode Attenuation Methods For Inverter Fed Induction Motor Drive

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This article has been accepted for publication in a future issue of this journal, but has not been

Design of Passive Common Mode Attenuation

(a) (b) (c) (d)

In this section the design guidelines of various passive CM ZZBB22 =

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for Motor Applications, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,

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