-

s :nnnnss n:ss:sns
F
n:ssn n::ss
d c
....

:::::: ss,s,
d n n:nn:nnnnn d
S=e
n:ns, L
e n sn:snn
e n ds
L d
=e
snn, E L
n sn::ss LL
n e d=
EE

G GG G G
 -
n:n,
nn ,:nnnns n: nn:ss:sn sn::ss
Mc
Sf =
I :::::,

ttn n sssnsss ,:nnnns sns:nn

- ::n:: nn s,n: G 2, s ,
I sn:nn: G:snsn , sn::s
S=
c n n nnsnsnn: n:ns n:: n:sn:sn ssns nn n:: nsn::snsn
nnnn , nn,::
n ::nnsnssns: sns:nn nn nn::nns
M
Sf = n s:nnnnn snnsnss
S - ::n:: nn s,n: G , s , sn:nn: G:snsn
, sn::s

G GG G G
 -

nn: snnnn nn:nsns:, nn: :nnnn: nn:nsns:,

Do
c=
G n Gn n 2
Gn p
I= (D o4 - D i4 )
44

D ss,snnnsnnns, ss,s,
c= Do
2 M( )
Mc 2
I=
p 4
D Sf = Sf = n:n,
I p
44 ( D o4 - D i4 )
D 44 Di
M( ) B=
2 32MD o Do
= Sf =
p 4 p( D o4 - D i4 ) 32 M
D Sf =
44 or pD 3o (1 - B 4 )
32 M 32MD o
Sf = Sf =
pD 3 D
pD o4 (1 - ( i ) 4 )
Do

G GG G G
 -

:::::::::::
G nn:n: snnnns sn n:: :nn nn s s nsnnnn: :: ,:sss n
s:nnnnn snnsnss nn n:: ,:ss ns 2 ns , ::sn ns n:: sn::ss
nnnsn:n?
n n:ns, ss,s,
Mc
Sb = 05 aN.m 000 cm 3
I Sb = 3
x( )
n s 000 cm m
M
Sb = Sb = 55,000 aaa
s
n:n,
,sn,
s n s:nnnnn snnsnss n s
s n 2 ns n s s
n ss

G GG G G
 -

:::::::::::
G sns n ss n:n:n ,:ss ns ss , 2 ss nn n:nss-s:nnnnn snn s nnnss
n n:: nn,:: sn::ss ns nnn nn :sn::n 2 Gs snn n:: ,:ss ::ns:n ns n:sn:nn:n,
nnnn n:: sssnsss snn-s sn nnnn:nn:sn:n nnsn n:sn n:: ,:ss nsn ss n:n nn
n:: 2 ss nns:nsnnn ns ::nnnsnn n:n:nn:ns

3LL
: n 2 ss Sb =
0bh0
, n ss Sb 0bh0
L=
n:ns, Mc add, 3L
Sb =
I LL stbs,
M=
btt, 4 N
stbs,
05 x 006 0
( 0 )(0. 05m )(0 . 0m ) 0

h L= m
c= LL h 3( 4m)
0 ( )
Sb = 4 0
bh3 bh 3 L = 8,333.33 N
I=
00 00

G GG G G
 -

:::::::::::
G sns n: ,:ss nn nnns :nn: s nnsn nn in s sn n:: n:nn:: ns ssn: nn nssn sn::n, G 0 s
:: n:nss-s:nnnnn ns ::nnsnssns: :n , s s G:n::snn: n:: nns:nsnnn nn: n s ,
ns sn: n:: sssnsss n:nn:nnnnn nn: n::s: nns:nsnnnss n :sn sn : ss ,: ss:n nn
n:: sssnsss n:nn:nnnnn ns nnn nn :sn::n s nn?

n in s
ss:,
: snn sS s ::nnss:nn:n
,
n:ns, sn n sS 0

s,n: G , s G , sn::s sn n 2 isn

nn: G 0
s n 0 isn
n:ns, Sd = Stf
N
n:ns ::snnnn: nn n:ns ns,n:
102,000 iii
Sd =
s n sS s nn 2 s 3
Sd = 00,444.47 iii

G GG G G
 -

::,,: ss,s, ss,s,

::::::Sd: :Sf: LL n (14,000 bt )(04 in )
( )( ) t=
:::::, Sf = 4 3 2 bt
4(00,444.47 2 )
Mc tn in
Sf = 12 t = 1.300 in
I
n:ns, 3LL nnti,
s,n: G 2, s G , sn::s Sf =
2tn 2 n = 3(1.300 in )
nn: sns n ss n:n:n ,:ss n = 4.044 in
,sn,
LL :n ,
M= ss:,
4 n:ss,
, n s0 nn
snsn, 3LL
Sf = : n nn
n 2t(3t) 2
c=
2 LL
snn nn: ::nnsnssns: n:nss-s:nnnnn Sf = 3
4t
tn 3 LL
I= t=3
12 4Sf

G GG G G
 -
, n:ns s,n: G 2, s G, sn::s n nn n s nn n::n,
nn: sns n ss n:n:n ,:ss th,d,
LL 3 3 (14,000 bt )(04 in )3
LL t=
d= d= bt
48EI 48hI 108(30 x 104 2 )(0.13in )
ennrn : LL3 in
d= t = 0.234 in
bh3
tn 3 48h( )
I= 00 dnd,
12
LL3 n = 3t
3 d=
(1 in )(4in ) 3 4hbh3 n = 3(0.234 in )
= 8
12 ,sn, : n , n = 10.7 in
I = 7.333 in 4
ss,s, 3 tin,
itti, LL
d= 1
4Et(3t) 3 t=0 in
(14,000 bt )(04 in ) 3 4
d= LL3
bt d= n = 14 in
48(30 x 10 4 2 )(7.333 in 4 ) 108 Et 4
in
d = 0.2088 in LL3
t=4
108Ed
G GG G G
 -

2s n:snnn
q

::::::
q = dnrtbdr dnforodnion
LL n:n,
q= , rdd
GG sn n nn:snnnsn s::s:nns sn::ss
::::::
n sssnsss nn:es: Lc
Sin =
n n:nsn: nn n:: s:snn G
a n nns: sns:nn nn nn::nns
- ::n:: nn s,n: G , s G, sn::s
n snnsnss nn :nsnnnn
n: snnsnss nn :nssnnnnn nn s::s:
n: n:sns ::s: snnsnss
G GG G G
 -

nn: snnnn nn:nsns:, nn: :nnnn: nn:nsns:,

Do
c=
G n Gn n 2
Gn p
G= ( D o4 - D i4 )
32

D ss,snnnsnnns, ss,s,
c= Do
2 L( )
Lc 2
G=
p 4
D
Sin = Sin = n:n,
G p
32 ( D o4 - D i4 )
D 32 Di
L( ) B=
2 14LD o Do
= Sin =
p 4 p( D o4 - D i4 ) 14L
D Sin =
32 or pD 3o (1 - B 4 )
14 L 14LD o
Sin = Sin =
pD 3 D
pD o4 (1 - ( i ) 4 )
Do

G GG G G
 -

:::::::::::
ns sn: nn: n:: nns: s:nnnnn snnsnss nn s G s:snnnns :s nns
s nnss:n:: nn nns s: s nsnnn: nn ssn:n nn 2 snn n:snsn sn::ss nn
sns
n:ns, n::n, stbs,
n nns: s:nnnnn snnsnss p 4
D
Tc
S st = z=
J z = 30
J c D
T eh,e, , 0
=
J D pD3
c= z=
c 0 06
T add, p(3 nd)3
S st = z=
z J=
p 4
D 06
30
z = 5.3004 nd3

G GG G G
 -

:::::::::::
G:n::snn: n:: sssnsss s::s:nns sn::ss nn Gs n:sn :snsns nn s ns
nnss:n:: s:snn ss, :nn:n nn 2 ss nn:es:s
n:ns,

06T
S st =
pD3
06(050 N.m)
=
0m 3
p(5cm)3 x ( )
000cm
S st = 00.086 Maa

G GG G G
 -

:::::::::::
G s:snn nn nn:snnn nnn ns nn n:snssnn 2 : sn : s :nn: s:nnss s:nnis ns ssn::nsn ns
G sn::n, nnnn-n:s:ns s :sn s:nsnn ,: n:: nnss:n:: nn s snnnn s:snn? , n
n:: s:snn ns :nnnn:, Gn n 2Gn, ::sn sn : ns ::esn::n? n :sn ns n:: ::ns:n :: nnnn nn
n:nsn: nn :sn: nn n::s: s:snns? :nn: ns nns:n::? ::sn ::n:nnss:? n :nn: s:snn
ns sn:: :nsnn? ns sn: n:: nn:snnnsn n:nn:nnnnn nn :sn: nn: s n:nsn: nn nns

ss,s, n:ns, s,n: G 0, s 0 G , sn::s

33,000 tt bb nn: , nnnn-n:s:n
0500 hp x n S isn
hp mnd
T= ,sn,
Gn2 : 0p(550 / mnd)
s n n:nn sn::nsn: nn n:nsnnn
nn : s 00 nd sn s s
T = 03,035.58 tt bb x
n:ns, tt ss:,
a = 0pTd T = 056,405 bb nd sn s ::nnss:nn:n
a sn s S
T=
0pd s n s0 isn

G GG G G
 -
n:ns, s,n: s , s2 G , sn::s
ss,s,
nn: :nn: s:nni, sn::n snn
,ss:n nn n:nn sn::nsn: 06(056,405 bb nd)
D=
n - bb
p(00,060 0 )
ss:, nd
D = 5.005 nd th,d,
s n nn: s:nnss s:nni
ts,, 30T
n:ss, D=3
05pS st
S ys D = 5 nd
Sd = 30(056,405 bb nd
, n :nnnn:, D=
Nsy 3 bb
05p(00,060 0 )
Gn n 2Gn nd
55,800 psn
= D = 0.560 nd
5 n:n, thts,
S d = 00,060 psn n n sn Do = 0(0.560)
n:n, S st =
06TDo Do = 5.004 nd
S st = S d p(Do4 - Dn4 )
06T 06T(0Dn ) ts,,
S st = =
pD3 [
p (0Dn )4 - Dn4 ] Dn = 0 0/ 0 nd
06T 30T Do = 5 0/ 4 nd
D=3 S st =
pS st 05pDn3

G GG G G
 -
teom,
toe hobboe shatt,
m W
r= = p
V V W = r( )(Do0 - Dn0 )L
4
W = rV
W p
n:ns, s,n: G , s , sn:nn: L 4
[ ]
= 0.084( ) (5 0/ 4)0 - (0 0/ 0)0 x 00
G:snsn , sn::s W
= 55.05 bb / tt
nn: sn::n L
r n s20 n,snn
toe sobnd shatt, thts,
W = rV ( W / L )sobnd - ( W / L )hobboe
% bnrht,e = X 000%
= rLL ( W / L )sobnd
p 66.20 - 55.05
= r( D 0 )L = x 000%
4
66.20
stbs, = 04.55%
bb p
W = (0.084 3 ) (5nd)0 L
nd 4
W
= 66.20 bb / tt
L

G GG G G
 -
stbstntttndr,
n n:ns,
q 056,405 bb nd 00 nd
TL = x
q= L p bb tt
(5 nd)4 (00.5 x006 0 )
JG 30 nd
nn: sn::n, q 080o
= 0.0045 ead / tt x
L p ead
n s s sn
toe sobnd, oe
q
q T = 0.062 o / tt
= L
L JG
toe hobboe,
eh,e,,
q T
p 4 =
J= D L JG
30 eh,e,,
th,d, p
J= (Do4 - Dn4 )
q T 30
= th,d,
L p
(D 4 )G q T
30 =
L p
(Do4 - Dn4 )G
30

G GG G G
 -
stbs,
00 nd
056,405 bb nd x
q tt
=
L p bb
30
[ ]
(5 0/ 4)4 - (0 0/ 0)4 nd 4 (00.5 x006 0 )
nd
q 080o
= 0.004055 ead / tt x
L p ead
q
= 0.0326 o / tt
L

nn: n nn toe hobboe,

q
toe sobnd, q= xL
L
q q = (0.0336 o / tt )(00 tt )
q= xL
L q = 0.336o
= (0.062 o / tt )(00 tt ) n::::nn::,
q = 0.62o n:: snnnn s:snn ns sn:: :nsnn !
G GG G G
 -

G GG G G
 -

G GG G G
 -

G GG G G
 -

G GG G G
 -

G GG G G
 -

G GG G G
 -

G GG G G