Normal fault

 -a dip-slip fault in which the block above the fault has moved downward relative
to the block below.

Where
-Normal faults are often found along divergent plate boundaries, such as under
the ocean where new crust is forming

When
-when rock above an inclined fracture plane moves downward, sliding along the
rock on the other side of the fracture.

Why
 Normal faults are caused by tensional stress, or stress that pulls rocks apart

How
-  sliding along the rock on the other side of the fracture

Reverse fault
-  a dip-slip fault in which the upper block, above the fault plane, moves up and
over the lower block. 

Where
-  If the hanging wall rises relative to the footwall, you have a reverse fault.
Reverse faults occur in areas undergoing compression (squishing).

When
- when the rocks on the “uphill” side of an inclined fault plane rise above the
rocks on the other side. Reverse faults often form along convergent plate
boundaries.

Why
- when the rocks on the “uphill” side of an inclined fault plane rise above the
rocks on the other side.
How
- A reverse fault is formed by the convergence of two tectonic plates. When the
rocks of the plates are subjected to huge pressures they fracture an angle,
allowing the hanging wall of the fault to move up over the footwall, creating a
reverse fault.

Transform fault (stricken slip)

- Sometimes referred to as a lateral fault, this type forms when the blocks of rock
on either side of a vertical (or nearly vertical) fracture move past each other.
These faults are described as right lateral or left lateral, depending on which way
the movement goes.

Where
-  transform faults link the offset segments of oceanic ridges. However, transform
faults also occur between plate margins with continental crust

When
- transform fault may occur in the portion of a fracture zone that exists between different
offset spreading center or that connects spreading center to deep-sea trenches in
subduction zones.

Why
-  two tectonic plates slide past one another.

How
- two tectonic plates moving horizontally in opposite directions away from a
divergent boundary.