\INTRODUCTION TO TOURISM
- tourism is people oriented
FORMS OF TOURISM
Tourism
- it includes a wide array of people,
activities and facilities.
Domestic Tourism
- resident visitor within the
country
Outbound Tourism
- resident visitor outside the
country
Inbound Tourism
- non-resident visitor within a
country on an inward trip
Internal Tourism
- resident and non-resident
visitors within a country as part
of domestic or international trips
National Tourism
- resident visitors within and
outside the reference country as
part of either domestic or
outbound trips
International Tourism
- resident visitors outside the
country of reference either as part
of domestic or outbound trips and
the activities of non-resident
visitors within the country of
reference on inbound trips
CHARACTERISTICS OF TOURISM
- tourism is labor-intensive industry
- tourism is a multi-dimensional
phenomenon
- the tourist industry is seasonal
- the industry is dynamic
4 ELEMENTS OF TRAVEL
- Distance
- Length of stay at the destination
- Residence of the traveler
- Purpose of travel
(Tourists - are temporary visitors who
make at least one overnight stay)
(Excursionists - are temporary visitors
who do not stay overnight in the place
they visit)
(Trip - is defined as “each time person
goes to a place at least 100 miles away
from home and returns)
PERSPECTIVE OF TOURISM
The Tourist
- experience and satisfaction
The Business People
- profits
The Government
- wealth factor
The Host Community
- employment factor
CLASSIFICATION OF TRAVELERS
Travelers
- are people on a trip between two
or more places
Visitors
- are the people who engage in
tourism
TYPES OF VISITORS
Overnight Visitor (tourist)
- refers to a visitor who spends
his/her night away from home
Same Day Visitor (excursionist)
- refers to any visitor who does
not spend the night in collective
or private accommodation in the
place visited
International Visitor
- refers to any person who travels
to a country outside their usual
environment and other than the
one in which his/her has their
usual residence
Domestic Visitor
- refers to any person who travels
to a place other than that of
his/her usual environment but
still within his/her country of
residence for less than 12
consecutive months and whose
main purpose of the trip is other
than the exercise of an activity
remunerated from within the
place visited
TOURISM SUPPLY COMPONENTS
4 main categories:
 natural resources
 built environment
 operating sectors
 spirit of hospitality & cultural
resources
INFRASTRUCTURE AND
SUPERSTRUCTURE
Tourism Infrastructure
- is a comprehensive term which
includes infrastructure and
superstructure
Infrastructure
- includes all forms of
Construction on and below
ground, required by any inhabited
area in extensive communication
with the outside world and as a
basic is for extensive human
activity within, such as highways,
railway lines, power houses,
communication network, water
supply system, sewerage,
hospitals, police lines, industries
for productive goods and services
essential for living and so on
Touristic Superstructure
- it encompasses a wide range of
facilities and services, such as
lodging, food and catering,
historical sites, entertainment
houses, shopping centers,
transportation facilities, tourism
organizations, human resources,
sports, financial facilities, airports,
etc

THE NATURE OF A TOUR
Domestic Tourism
- refers to travel taken exclusively
within the national boundaries of
traveler’s country
International Tourism
- involves the movement of people
across international boundaries of
traveler’s country
THE TOURIST PRODUCTS
The Tourist Products
- it cannot be inspected by
prospective purchasers before
they buy as they can with
washing machines, gadgets, and
other consumer goods
Largely Psychological In Its Attraction
- It is more than a collection of
services such as an aircraft seat
and a hotel room. Standard and
quality overtime fixed
Tourism Product
- a combination of tangible and
intangible elements
Service
- It is a tangible item
COMPONENTS TOURISM PRODUCTS
 Attractions
 Accessibility
 Accommodation
 Amenities
CLASSIFICATION OF TOURISM
PRODUCTS
Natural Resources
- It can be found all over the world
like beaches, islands,
mountains, hills, deserts,
wildlife (flora and fauna), caves,
glaciers, lakes, waterfalls, and
rivers
Man Made Tourism Products
- are those which are built by
humans
IMPACTS OF TOURISM
Benefits Of Tourism (Economic)
- increases income
- increases gnp
- generates foreign exchange
Benefits Of Tourism (Social)
- improves quality of life
Benefits Of Tourism (Cultural)
- promotes a global community
DISADVANTAGE OF TOURISM
Economic
- causes inflation
Social
- creates social problems
HOSPITALITY
- The act of kindness
 - “Hospitare” meaning “receive
as a guest”
- Coined from the term “Hospice”
and old French word, meaning
“To provide care / Shelter for
Travelers”
CHARACTERISTICS OF
HOSPITALITY
- Open 365 days a year and 24 hrs
a day
- Products are intangibale
- Products are perishable
- Depends Heavily on shift work
(am shift, mid-shift, pm shift and
night shift)
SECTORS OF THE HOSPITALITY
INDUSTRY
1. Food and Beverage Industry
- Also known as the Food service
industry. It consists of businesses
that prepare food for customers.
- QSR (Quick service restaurant)
aka “Fastfoods”
- Fine Dining (Formal, Following
sequence)
2. Lodging
- Also known as Accommodation,
is a place to sleep for one or
more nights.
3. Travel
- Is a business of moving people
from place to place while the
tourism industry provides those
people with services that promote
travel and vacations.
4. Recreation
- Activity that people do for rest,
relaxation, and enjoyment.
Types of recreation businesses:
a. Entertainment
b. Attractions
c. Spectator Sports
d. Participatory Sports
THE PINEAPPLE TRADITION (How
Pineapples Became The Ultimate Status
Symbol)
Christopher Colombus – The
Spaniards named the fruit “Piña” due to
its resemblance to a pinecone
George Washington – “None pleases
my taste as do’s the pine”
James Dole – Pineapple King
Hawaii – Pineapple capital of the
world
Pineapple originally cultivated in Brazil,
Mexico
Chicha / Guarapo
- Wine / alcohol
Pineapple symbolizes…
- Luxury
- Mobility
 - Wealth Dean - Dr. Lilibeth Aragon

In America Blended Learning – new teaching

- Hospitality modality
- Welcome
- Warmth Chairperson (tourism) – Ms. Ivy
Charisse Pagulayan
In Chinese
- Goodluck Macro Teacher – Sir. Jose Rizalito
- Fortune Cabayan Jr.
- Wealth
3 Unit subject – 10 hrs old allowable
absences

7 absent bago ma drop

UNTWO – World Tourism

Organization

Components of Tourism
 Attractions
 Accessibility
 Accommodation
 Amenities
 Activity

Macro Pespective – THMN01H EVOLUTION AND GROWTH OF

TOURISM
LPU President – Atty. Roberto P.
Laurel 1. The Empire Era

Egyptians - Greek - Roman empire
Travel by boat because travelers could
use Nile river
Moses - nile river pag narinig sa bible
Egypt (What comes to your mind when
you hear the word Egypt?)
- Pharaoh (feyroh)
- Pyramid
- Great Sphinx
- Nile River
- Hieroglyphs
- Mummies
- Cleopatra
The Greek Drachma was the basic unit
of currency in Greece until 2001 when it
was replaced by the euro. The Euro is
now the only official currency of the
country.
Romans won against the greek kaya
mas madali nila nakuha ang mga
territories.
The growth of the Roman Empire
- Good roads
- Water Routes
- (food, water, shelter) – basic needs
As these roads were developed, so
were Inns, which were located
approximately 30 miles apart, making for
a day’s journey. Fresh horses could be
hired at the inns and at more frequent
relay stations. With effort, people could
travel 125 miles a day on horseback,
knowing they would have a place to eat
and sleep at the end of the day.
The most famous road was the Appian
Way, joining Rome with the “heel” of
Italy.
Has this brief glimpse into ancient
history taught us anything of use today?
Yes.
Tourism activities continue to flourish
where individuals have
- Free time
- Travel is easy and safe
- There are easily exchangeable
currencies
- Common languages are spoken
- Established legal systems create a
perception of personal safety.
2. The Middle Ages and the
Renaissance Era
Middle ages are also known as Dark
ages.
Travel almost disappeared during the
Middle Ages
As the dominance of the Roman empire,
Travel became dangerous and
sporadic. (kasi may pag kakataon na
baka patayin ang mga traveler.)
Dumating ang mga romans para ispread
ang Christianity
Christian vs Muslims – The Crusades
(hidwaan)
Marco Polo is the voyager, the
merchant traveler. Naghahanap siya ng
new route.
- hindi niya dinadaanan yung mga
dinadaanan ng mga crusaders
Reports of Polo’s travels and adventures
(1275–1295) across the Middle East and
into China continued to heighten interest
in travel and trade. The rebirth in travel
emerged slowly during the
Renaissance. Trade routes slowly
began to reopen as commercial
activities grew and merchants
ventured into new territories.
Cyriacus of Ancona
- is a tourist who took around the
Mediterranean Sea in a quest to
learn more about and experience
Greek and Roman History.
- Attributed the idea of traveling for
the sake of experiences and
learning. The desire to learn from
and experience other cultures.
3. The Grand Tour Era
Grand Tour is only for rich English
people.
Whole nations moved from an
agricultural and commercial focus to
modern industrialism.
Travel became a business necessity as
well as a leisure activity, and tourism
suppliers rapidly developed to serve the
growing needs of travelers.  employees would increase
4. The Mobility Era
Mobility era - something to do with
movement of people
The growth and development of roads
and railroads helped to increase the
availability of transportation alternatives
and reduced their costs, attracting more
and more people to the idea of travel.
Package Tour - is all in (binili na lahat)
THOMAS COOK (tour operator)
- can be credited with finally bringing
travel to the general public by
introducing the tour package.
- he organized the first tour for a
group of 570 people to attend a
temperance rally in Leicester,
England. For the price of a shilling
(12 pence)
HENRY FORD
- person behind the mass
production of the Model T car
- he is American
ORVILLE AND WILBUR WRIGHT
- air
- ushered in the era of flight with their
successful test of the airplane in
Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, in 1903.
5. The Modern Era
George Westinghouse
- created the paid vacation, believing
that annual breaks from work for
productivity.
Princess Sin Victoria Louisse
- owned by German company named
Hamburg America line (company
ng 1st cruise ship)
Mass tourism
- gathering of huge number of people
- aka the 20th-century phenomenon
2 different groups of travelers

Organizational mass tourist
- tourists who buy packaged tours
and follow an itinerary prepared and
organized by tour operators. (mas
detalyado)
Individual mass tourist
- DIY
- These travelers visit popular
attractions independently but use
tourism services that are promoted
through the mass media.
appointed by President Ferdinand
“Bongbong” Marcos Jr.
Wanda Corazon Tulfo Teo - Secretary
of the Philippines' Department of
Tourism under the Duterte
administration from July 2016 – May
2018.
Bernadette Romulo Puyat - Secretary
of Tourism under the Duterte
administration from May 2018 to June
2022.

Travel is not only for Leisure

Parian (wall sa tapat ng gate 2) -
trading place ng chinese at filipinos.

after mag declare ng martial law safe na

mag travel ang mga tourist at may
better services and sanitation facilities
na.

sa bansang Switzerland daw kinopya

lang yung "it’s more fun in the
Philippines.”
Christina Frasco - secretary of DOT
(department of Tourism) after being

UNDERSTANDING THE TOURISTS


Tourists are the main characters in the
tourism industry and the tourism industry
exists to cater to their needs.
Tourism businesses acknowledge the
fact that their success depends also on
how much they know and understand
their tourists.
Basic Travel Motivators
Tourist Motivations
1. THE NEED FOR CHANGE OR
ESCAPE - The greatest reason
for travel can be summed up in
one word “escape”
2. TRAVEL FOR HEALTH -
Development in the field of
medicine have influenced travel
for centuries, giving rise to the
concept of health tourism.
3. SPORTS - Interest in sports,
either as participant or a
spectator is attracting a large
segment of the population.
4. SOCIAL CONTACT - According
to Charles Metelka, travel
increases the “sociability
resources” of individuals. It
makes them more interesting to
themselves and to others.
5. STATUS AND PRESTIGE -
Travel provides the means for
ego or self-enhancement.
6. TRAVEL FOR EDUCATION
- The search for knowledge and
truth is inherent in every
individual. Travel offers an
opportunity to satisfy the urge to
learn.
7. PERSONAL VALUES - Many
people are urged to travel to
satisfy personal values such as
the search for spiritual
experience.
8. CULTURAL EXPERIENCE
- Cross cultural exchanges,
experiencing how other people
live and fostering international
understanding.
9. SHOPPING AND BARGAIN
HUNTING - To many people, the
joys derived from buying certain
goods may be the major reason
for travel.
 10. PROFESSIONAL AND
BUSINESS MOTIVES - A great
number of people travel for
professional and buss. motives.
More than one-half of all airline
travel is done by buss. Travelers.
11.  SEARCH FOR NATURAL
BEAUTY - Travel can be satisfy
one’s search for beauty in the
environment and scenery.
Maslow’s Theory of motivation and
Travel motivations
 Physiological needs - hunger,
thirst, rest, activity
 Safety Needs - Safety and
security, freedom from fear and
anxiety.
 Social Needs - love, affection,
giving, and receiving.
 Self-esteem - Self-respect, and
esteem from others
 Self-actualization - Personal
self-fulfillment
Classification of Travelers Based on
Personality
Stanley C. Plog - a biological
researcher, classified travelers based on
their different personalities as:
 Psychocentrics- People
centered on self, are inhibited
unadventuresome.
 Allocentrics- People having
interest and attention on other
persons, are highly
curious and thrive on stimulation
and change.
Classification of Travelers Based
on Purpose of Travel
A. Business Travelers
- Regular Business Traveler
- Business Travelers attending
meetings, conventions, and
congresses.
- Incentive travelers
B. Pleasure/Personal Travelers
 - Resort Travelers
- Family Pleasure Travelers
 The Junior family -
parents age 20-34 with
pre-school/grade school
children.
 Mid-Range Family
- parents age 35 - 44 with
grade school/HS children
 Mature Family - parents
45 or over with children
who are HS or older.
- The Elderly
- Singles and Couples
Types of Tourism
Tourist Market Segmentation
Market Segmentation
- Is a marketing strategy in which
select groups of consumers are
identified so that certain products
of product lines can be presented
to them in a way that appeals to
their interests.
- Identifying tourism customers and
deciding on how to meet
their wants and needs. 
- Learn more about the customers
- Making
the heterogeneous market into
a homogenous market
- The process through
which potential customers with
similar needs and
characteristics are grouped
together so that a tourism
organization can apply marketing
strategies for the selected market
segment efficiently.
Why Market Is Segmented?
- Travel market is too large to
reach efficiently
- Travel market is too diverse to
communicate
- Breaking up the market will make
it easier to manage
Identifying Market Segmentation
WHO – who are in the market segment
that we would like to have?
WHAT – what are their requirements?
WHEN – when do we promote to our
market segment?
WHERE – where do we promote the
product? Through which distribution
channel?
HOW – how do we develop marketing
strategies to reach the market?
Benefits of Market Segmentation
- Understand the needs and wants of
customers
- Allocate marketing expenses
efficiently
- Further develop products or services
- Develop marketing strategies more
precisely
Types of Tourists Market
Segmentation
• Geographic Segmentation  -
- grouping potential customers based
on their location oldest and simplest
basis for market segmentation
- commonly used geographic
segmentation variables include
nations, regions, states/provinces,
countries, cities, and even
neighborhood.
• Psychographic Segmentation 
Segmentation Process
- grouping on how they live, their
priorities, their opinions, their
attitudes and their interests
 Personality – psychocentrics,
midcentrics, allocentrics
 Lifestyle dimension- activities,
interest, opinions
• Demographic Segmentation 
- gender, age, ethnicity, occupation,
educational level, income, household
size and family situation.
- Classified according to gender,
age, ethnicity, occupation,
educational level, income, and 
household size
• Product-Related Segmentation 
(Behavioral)
- Benefits people seek in the
good or service, the amount of
good or service used and
degree of company loyalty
The benefits of people seek in
the good or service
- The amount of good or
service used
- The degree of company
loyalty shown by the
consumer in relation to the
specific good or service.
Market Segmentation Decision Process

1. Select segmentation approach

2. Create detailed profile of segment
3. Forecast market potential of each segment
4. Estimate likely market share of each segment
5. Decide which segment to target and design appropriate marketing mix

Specialized Tourist Segments

Measures for
Tourists
Satisfaction
QUIZ 1 & 2
1. THMN01H – course code
2. Research – LPU mission
3. Nationalism – LPU Core Values
4. Atty. Roberto P. Laurel – LPU
President
5. 10 hrs. - 3 unit subject (allowable
hours of absences)
6. 3 absences
7. Guidance Testing Center - GTC
8. Blended Learning – new teaching
modality
9. Innovation – LPU Vision
10. Excellence - LPU Vision
11. World Tourism Organization –
WTO
12. False
13. Attractions - Components of
Tourism Product
14. Accessibility - Components of
Tourism Product
15. Amenities - Components of Tourism
Product
16. Accommodation - Components of
Tourism Product
17. Tourist / Overnight Visitor -
spends his/her night away from home
18. Excursionist / Same day Visitor -
does not spend the night
19. Superstructure - facilities and
services, such as lodging, food and
catering, historical sites, entertainment
houses, shopping centers,
20. Infrastructure - Includes all forms of
Construction ( such as highways,
railway lines, power houses,
communication network, water supply
system, sewerage, hospitals, police
lines)
21. Domestic Tourism - resident visitor
within the country
22. Package Tour – All in / Binili lahat
23. To Receive as a guests - Hospitare
24. Pineapple – Ultimate symbol
25. James Dole – Pineapple king
26. Hawaii – Pineapple capital of the
world
27. Hospice - “To provide care / Shelter
for Travelers”
28. QSR – Quick Service Restaurant
29. Rooms – pinakamalaking kumikita
sa hotel
30. Dr. Lilibeth Aragon - Dean
Quiz 3 18. Italy - bansa sa grand tour era na
pang mayaman
1. Money – ambag ng romans
19. France - bansa sa grand tour era na
2. Language – ambag ng romans
pang mayaman
3. Egypt
20. 570 people – umattend sa rally na
4. Pharaoh – Egypt symbol
inorganize ni Thomas cook
5. Pyramid – Egypt symbol
21. 1914 - Henry Ford’s mass
6. Drachma – basic unit of currency
production of the Model T
bago maging Euro
22. Orville Wright - ushered in the era
7. Fresh Horses – hired at inns
of flight with their successful test of the
8. Dark Ages – Middle ages is also
airplane in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina,
known as
23. Wilbur Wright - ushered in the era
9. Catholic – pinalaganap ng romans
of flight with their successful test of the
10. Acre – forgot basta connected sa
airplane in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina,
muslim ‘to hehe
24. Individual Mass Tourist - DIY
11. Marco Polo – Voyager na
25. Homonhon Island
naghahanap ng new route
26. Philippine Tourist and Travel
12. Middle East - Reports of Polo’s
Association - PTTA
travels and adventures
27. It’s more fun in the Philippines –
13. China - Reports of Polo’s travels
Ph slogan
and adventures
28. Wanda Corazon Tulfo Teo -
14. Cyriacus of Ancona - is a tourist
Secretary of the Department of Tourism
who took around the Mediterranean Sea
under the Duterte administration
in a quest to learn more about and
29. Bernadette Romulo Puyat -
experience Greek and Roman History.
Secretary of Tourism under the Duterte
15. The Grand Tour Era - only for rich
administration (latest)
English people
30. Christina Frasco - Secretary of the
16. Switzerland – bansa sa grand tour
Department of Tourism under the BBM
era na pang mayaman
administration
17. Germany - bansa sa grand tour era
na pang mayaman