S IN PHILIPPINE H

ING ISTO
READ
PP IN E R EP U
RY
ILI BL
H 94 6- 195 3) IC
P (1 PRESENTED BY:
GROUP 5
Ms. Marielle Rico
Ms. Janna Jolea Claudio
Mr. Dom Gian Ocmen
GE 1210, 7:40 AM - 9:10 AM TTh
1st Semester, SY 2022-2023
 ENING PRAYE
OP R
 READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY

FLOW OF PRESENTATION

A. Specific B. Key Terms and C. Material facts D. Bibliography

Objectives Concepts C1. Timeline
C2. Article review
C3. Visual
representation
 READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY

A. Specific Objectives
 READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY

1. Understand the implications of the 1946 Bell Trade Relations

Act and the 1946 Tydings Rehabilitation Act.
2. Understand the different factors that have thrust US to give its
Independence to the Philippines.
3. Understand the socio political context of the different policies
implemented between the US and the Philippines during the
post war era.
 READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY

B. Key Terms and Concepts


Brazil: Nunca Mais (Brazil: Never
Again) - is a book in which episodes of
torture under the military dictatorship in
Brazil between 1964 and 1979 are
documented (Schneider, 2020).
Datu - exercised all functions of
government. He was the executive,
legislative, and judge in times of peace
and the commander in chief in times of
war.
READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY
Illustrados - were the Filipino
educated class during the Spanish
colonial era in the late 19th century.
They are considered to have
promoted nationalism and patriotism
through their pieces of art and literary
works, and by forming various socio-
political organizations that advocated
for reforms.
Hukbalahap Rebellion - an agrarian
peasant movement aimed at reducing
economic and social inequality (Paul
et al., 2013).
 READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY

C. Material Facts
 READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY

ORICAL TIMEL
IST INE
H
April 18, 1946 May 25, 1946 July 4, 1946
The U.S.- Philippine First Congress of the
Philippine Trade Act of 1946 The second Congress of the Trade Agreement was Republic of the
signed. Philippines.
was enacted by the U.S. Commonwealth convened. The inauguration of The Philippines gained
Congress Manuel Roxas as its independence.
president.

April 30, 1946 July 2, 1946 Around 1946

Philippine Rehabilitation Act of Bell Trade Act was passed. The U.S. formally Lorenzo Tañada
recognized the prosecuted
1946 was approved by the independence of collaborators
U.S. President. the Philippines. through the Filipino
People’s Court.
 READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY

ORICAL TIMEL
IST INE
H
September 11, 1946 March 11, 1947 April 17, 1948
The debate on the parity amendment in President Manuel Roxas to the The first inauguration of Elpidio
the Constitution resumed in both the Filipino People urging approval Quirino as the sixth President
Senate and the House. of the Parity Amendment to the
of the Philippines occurred.
Constitution at the Plebiscite.

September 30, 1946 April 16, 1948 June 21, 1948

The Proclamation No. 10, s. 1946 was President Manuel Roxas President Quirino granted
signed at Malacanang Palace Manila died on this day. a general amnesty to Huk
by the President of the Philippines
rebels.
Proclamation no. 10.
 READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY

ORICAL TIMEL
IST INE
H

August 30, 1951 November 10, 1953

The Philippines government signed a
Ramon Magsaysay of the PN-DP
mutual defense agreement with the
coalition was elected as president.
U.S. government.
 READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY

TICLE REVIEW
AR

BELL TRADE ACT (Philippine Today in Philippine History, The Philippines:

Trade Act of 1946) - April 30, 1946, the approval of
Independence With Strings, The Philippine Rehabilitation A Nation in Denial
From U.S. Colony to U.S. Neo- Act of 1946
Colony
by Bert M. Drona by The Kahimyang Project by John J. Carroll, S.J.
 READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY

BELL TRADE ACT (Philippine Trade Act of 1946) - Independence

With Strings, From U.S. Colony to U.S. Neo-Colony by Bert M. Drona

This established a policy governing commercial trade between the Philippines and the
U.S. following the granting of the Philippine independence.
The Act included controversial provisions that linked the Philippine economy to the
US economy such as:
Its mandates that the Philippines modify its Constitution to grant American citizens
"parity" with native Filipinos in the ability to operate public utilities and businesses
that use natural resources.
After eight (8) more years of limitless free trade, there would be a 20-year period
of steadily increasing tariffs up to 1974, at which point there would be full tariffs.
Its insistence on the Philippines' currency being pegged to the dollar.
It demands that the Philippines refrain from exporting commodities that would
"come into considerable rivalry" with products created in the United States.
 READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY

BELL TRADE ACT (Philippine Trade Act of 1946) - Independence

With Strings, From U.S. Colony to U.S. Neo-Colony by Bert M. Drona

The Philippines gained independence after experiencing unequal and weak economic
performance that threatened the Filipinos' social, economic, and political lives.
On July 4, 1946, the American flag was lowered, and the Philippine flag was raised.
The U.S. colony was simply transformed into a neo-colony, which is a country that
claims to be independent politically but that, because of its fragile economy, is easily
exploited by stronger a nation.
 READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY

Today in Philippine History, April 30, 1946, the approval of The

Philippine Rehabilitation Act of 1946 by The Kahimyang Project

The Philippine Rehabilitation or Tydings Act of 1946 was passed by the US Congress
and signed by the US President in this particular year—1946.
After completing its task in March 1951, it was terminated.
This Act established the US-Philippine War Damage Commission and gave it the
authority to spend $400,000,000 on settling private war-damage claims and another
$120,000,000 on restoring public property.
In accordance with the Act, the Philippines would receive $100,000,000 in US surplus
property. The Commission evaluated 1,248,901 claims while operating and distributed
more than $388 million.
Thousands of Filipinos could resume their businesses, agricultural operations, and
other endeavors thanks to the restoration of several buildings and infrastructure
across the Philippine Islands.
 READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY

The Philippines: A Nation in Denial by John J. Carroll, S.J.

The supposed prosecution of the collaborators of the Japanese occupying forces in

1946 was a significant event from 1942 - 1945.
The time arrived to deal with those who collaborated with the Japanese forces.
Lorenzo Tañada, a distinguished patriot and attorney, then began the prosecution.
A conflict between Sergio Osmeña Sr. and the Congress over the establishment of the
People's court; thus, proposals calling for the amnesty of Japanese collaborators were
extensively submitted to the Congress.
Only 156 of the 5000 cases filed before the People's Court ended in conviction, and
of the 17 individuals tried, only one was convicted.
The Philippines is in a state of denial concerning the crimes of the Marcos Regime and
pointed out the weakness of the "common conscience" for the willingness to forget
the massive crimes against the nation's citizens.
 READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY

al Representat
isu ion
V

Google Drive Link:

https://drive.google.com/file/d/14WKDNqtaM4XPLM7caB_m42BJAFXWFAXW/view?usp=sharing
Salamat!
Thank you for listening
 Bibliography
Capozzola, C. “Lorenzo Tañada”. (2020). HarvardMagazine.com. Accessed August 16, 2022.
https://www.harvardmagazine.com/2020/11/features-vita-lorenzo-tanada
Drona, B. “BELL TRADE ACT (Philippine Trade Act of 1946) - Independence With Strings, From U.S. Colony to U.S. Neo-Colony”.
2012. TheFilipinoMind.com. Accessed August 15, 2022. https://www.thefilipinomind.com/2012/09/bell-trade-act-philippine-
trade-act-of.html
Jimenez, J. “Ensuring American control over the Philippine economy through the imposition of the parity rights”. 2020.
Dlsu.edu.ph. Accessed August 15, 2022. https://www.dlsu.edu.ph/wp-content/uploads/pdf/conferences/research-congress-
proceedings/2020/TPH-09.pdf
“Message of President Roxas to the Filipino People urging approval of the Parity Amendment to the Constitution at the Plebiscite
of March 11, 1947”. (1947). Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. Accessed August 15, 2022.
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1947/03/06/message-of-president-roxas-to-the-filipino-people-urging-approval-of-the-
parity-amendment-to-the-constitution-at-the-plebiscite-of-march-11-1947-march-6-1947/
Paul et al. “Philippines (Huk Rebellion), 1946–1956: Case Outcome: COIN Win”. 2013. Jstor.org. Accessed August 15, 2022.
https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7249/j.ctt5hhsjk.12#metadata_info_tab_contents
“Philippines (1946-present)”. (n.d.). University of Central Arkansas. Accessed August 15,
2022.https://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/asiapacific-region/philippines-1946-present
“Republic Day”. (n.d.). Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. Accessed August 15, 2022.
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/featured/republic-day/about/
 Bibliography
Schneider, M. “35 years of “Brasil: Nunca Mais”. (2020). Oikoumene.org. Accessed August 15, 2022.
https://www.oikoumene.org/blog/35-years-of-brasil-nunca-mais
“The Commonwealth of the Philippines”. (n.d.). Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. Accessed August 16, 2022.
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/the-commonwealth-of-the-philippines/
“The History of the Senate of the Philippines”. (n.d.). Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. Accessed August 16,
2022. https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/featured/the-history-of-the-senate-of-the-philippines/
“Today in Philippine History, April 30, 1946, the Philippine Rehabilitation Act of 1946 was approved”. (n.d.). The Kahimyang
Project. Accessed August 15, 2022. https://kahimyang.com/kauswagan/articles/1432/today-in-philippine-history-april-30-1946-
the-philippine-rehabilitation-act-of-1946-was-approved