THE SURVIVOR Volume 6 By Kurt Saxon MICROSCOPE: SUBJECTS IN VOL. 6 EL MOLINO BEST RECT- PES SETTLEMENT COOKBOOK BUCKEYE COOKERY HOOD GAS GENERATOR THE MICROSCOPE MEAT CURING AND SAUSAGE MAKING , LIQUORS FROM THE ARCHIVES , RIDDING THE HOME OF INSECT PESTS CAR TUNEUP WASTE PAPER BALER } TOYS, GAMES, * CRAFTS, TRAD TESTED RECIPES EL MOLINO KITCHENSTHE SURVIVOR Volme 6 By Kurt Saxon CONTENTS THE SURVIVOR Vol. 6 (INDEX PAGE 2410)...... EL MOLINO BEST RECIPES (INDEX PAGE 2412)... +2329 eee 2411 THE SETTLEMENT COOKBOOK 1927. + +2444 BUCKEYE COOKERY 1881...... = +2452 WOOD GAS GENERATOR (INDE: + +2469 ‘THE MICROSCOPE (INDEX PAGE 2640). = +2517 MEAT CURING AND SAUSAGE MAKING 1908 (INDEX 2709)..2641 LIQUORS, CONTINUED FROM Vol. 5 PAGE 2326. = -2716 FROM THE ARCHIV: Sees = 2736 RIDDING THE HOME OF INS! TS. ++ -2783 CAR TUNEUPS.... = +2789 WASTE PAPER BALER. . = 2792 COPYRIGHT 1996 by Kurt Saxon Printed in the USA ISBN 1-881801-11-x PUBLISHED BY ATLAN FORMULARTES P.O. BOK 95 ALPENA, AR 72611 (870) 437-2999 PAX (870) 437-2973 WEB SITE kurtsaxon.com CATALOGUE ON BACK PAGESTHE SURVIVOR Vol. 6 Pickling Your Catch Some old-fashioned recipes for preserving game fish that are delicious, economical, and simple to follow By JAN THORNTON ourpoor Lire April 1945 ISH PICKLING bas many poin's to ‘eredit, especially nt present when food seatelty makes preverving al most a duty. ‘To the sportsmen, the pleling of hie cates tas many” Ade vantages. Along with belng money. saver, the process ig so elmple that it can be performed right in enmp. And to have one's favorite game fish served in fing style In the off aeason is real treat for any sherman Salmon, late tent, piekerel pile, ent= Ash, “grouper, carp, ‘eels, perch, ‘lake herring, whiting. sturgeon, and burtalo fare the! mont pepular Meh for plekings Grainariiy We fe best to use deyemented Aish, aw they will absorb. more plekling solutton, This would include such fish 9s Striped ‘bass, red "snayners nnd pollock Improvements in pickling solutions, how: ever, have made it possible to. pickle practiaally ans end lt Tod ‘sh —~ Including sheltish Following te recine for pleleling freshowhe ter fish Caeluding eat fish) whieh will tke ‘enre of 10 tb, ot beh THE SURVIVOR 2329 THE SURVIVOR Vol. 6 By Kurt Saxon Copy: ight @ L9Ba CAN THE COMING DARK AGE BE PREVE THE DICTATORSHIP OF THE INTELLIGENTSIA by KURT SAXON ED? Throughout history the Power Elites have usually been the rulers, the merchant class and the clergy. The rulers want subjects, taxpayeis and soldiers. The merchant olass wants customers and laborers, preferably cheap labor. The clergy wants worshipers and contributors, So the rulers want power, the merchant class wants wealth and the cleray warts reverence, Power, weallh and reverence are al basic survival mechanisms. From the Prime Minster to the vilage Mayor, rulers are guaranteed the best that their level of the system has to offer. The same goes for the industrialist down to the ner of the country store and from the Pope down to the proacher in the country church Civilzations are built by hardy, inteligent people. if only hardy and Intelligent people were allowed to reproduce, a civilization would never die. It would only ‘glow, through science, technology and wisdom. Unfortunately, there has always been an underclass to prevent real progress. As a civilization grows, an easier environment provides the means to survive where the underclass could not have survived before. Having more children, on average, than the hardy and intelligent, the underclass oulbreeds their betters, swamps the system and the civitzation collapses. Dut why didn’t the Power Elite limit the population of the underclass? in the beginning of the civilization, the rulers were strong; they wanted power to build and row. They were creative. Those of the merchant class were creative, also ina social sense, They wanted to produce the best so that their culture would be superior to other cultures, The clergy wanted a strong people led by a strong god. ‘The religion was based on sitength and purpose for the cullure as a whole. Alter the civilization was well-established, the Power Elite, usualy hereditary, at least by class, was loss hardy and inteligent than the Powor Elite of provious generations. This is because less aggressiveness is needed to control a more accepting populace. ‘But a5 the civilization grew with an accumulation of knowledge and skill, so dd the underclass grow in numbers. Whereas the women in the Power Elle always had knowledge of birth control and abortion, women of the underclass were discouraged by the Power Eite from limiting their births, The Power Elite has always had a vested interest in more citizens. As already stated, the rulers wanted subjects, taxpayers and soldiers. The merchant class wanted customers and laborers and the clergy wanted worshipers and contribuiors. As the quality of the Power Elite degenerated, so did the quality of the underclass. The underclass had as many children as biology allowed. Since less infeligence vies needed to survive, sexual selection was seldom made on the besis of ihe abilly of the male to provide or the female to nurture. So, in time, the civilization was headed by self-serving incompetents and notTHE SURVIVOR Vol. 6 vinegar (aistitea)* 2 at Water a at Red pepper 1 oz White pepper oz Mustard seed I o7 Bay leaves tr Ontons (ised) % Th *Do not use feult or cider vinogars or your plodted fan may aequive «foreign Yate. Be sure to uso fresh sploes=-wholo ones if posstbie. Clean fish earetully, ‘skin, remove back- bone, and eut Into average serving por ions, Sonke for 1 hour Ina brine of t eup salt move blood, Have a clean enrthenware crock ready (do not tise metal or wood) Tnege enough to accommodate amount of fish to de pleted. After draining fsh, pack Itcaretully In the eroek Calyays rk pieces on end, then cover them ‘with a anturated salt-solution brine. This brie fe made by placing a fresh ese at Bottom of water nd _poustng fn alt until eng Monta 100-degree brine). Teave Maly in this buine for 12 hours, then ringe In fresh water. Clean erock thoroughly of ‘all brine sediment. the {ah tg now ready for packing. Grind and inix nll spices, sprinkle @ sal! amount fon the bettom of the roste, then pack. in'a layer of flak. Place a inyer of sliced onlona on top of fish. Hepeat hls process, sprinkiiny ench Inyer evith aavall mount of mbxed apices, and parnishing Sith onfons, unl the erock fs Mlled to Within @ forefinger of the top. Cover set with 1 part water to 2 parts vinegar, mixed beforehand. Add a small piece of alum, Place crock over fire and with fork onal sand cool. Tf plekling ihe cooled flah tan be stored In a worl ary place, and Tater taken home and packed In’ pint preserving Jars. But be Sure that the camp crock cover Is kept Weighted down with stones ‘Do not put fish up in Jars of mare than Apt size, and remember that a jar with ‘a wide mouth And ahort neck wilt moxe HUeaay to pack tho Ash upright. "The Vacuum or sele-eeallng mason jar ia} for flak pronorvingg. Naver pele tak tn jar with an all-metal cover, or fn the ine sereseap type. slth porcelaln Tine Ing, ae the possibility of ‘spotlage and Food poisoning iy very great he. ines {op mason jars are second best to the sealed exes, nnd may be safely remove from fire ‘done at carey ‘Co pack, sh In jars, remove trom cieek, and do not throw away the Sinegar elution, Po eneh Jar add Tow pinches of fresh apices and twe boy eaves. Plage a alter of lemon againet the Inside wall-of the Jar, and two slices of Silom on top. Steatn’ the vinegar sol on and pour the clear liquid over the fish, Close Jare tightly. If stored where ‘e cool and dry and darks, these pelted fish will Keep for from 4 to 8 months ‘The quailty of the fs and the plekling Ingredienta will determine the goodness ol the finlaned prodct. 2330 THE SURVIVOR Vol. 6 only overpoptiated, but swamped by the simple-minded. Ur of the Chaldees, Babylon, Egypt, Greece, tome, Constantinople, etc.--. Overpopulation and down-breeding The Soviet Union is a good example for our time. Most of the Third Workd ‘countries, propped up in their hopelessness by the industrial natiors over the last several decades are hardly worth fitting into the paltem. The U.S. and Westem Europe do fit the pattern and their fal wil put a finish to world civilization as we know it The collapse of world civilization is a mathematical certainty. Around 1850, for the first time in history, world population reached one billion, Only 80 years later, in 1920, it Coubled to two billion. ‘Then by 1975, only 45 years, it doubled again to four bilion, Now, in 1999, itis over 6 bition. Cur species has become a plague on the land. It threatens nearly every other species. Worse still, the lack of selection has caused down-breeding which has overrun the Earth with mediocrities at best and idiots at worst. Nearly 5 milion ‘Americans are functional iterates. Also, 30% of American births ate Megltimate. In 1960 it was only 5%. ‘Ametica has 86 million Woltare recipients and 44 million on Social Security Thete are about 20 milion Federal retirees, Counting prisons, mental insitutions, etc. the U.S. has over 100 million social dependents, called “Entitlements” out of a population of 270 milion, ‘The test of the developed countries are worse olf. The Third World systems are hopelessly dependent on us, doomed after our fel Many who have a vested interest in our system deny the consequences of overpopulation and down-breeding and sore even deny overpopulation and down- breeding, as such. ‘They cle technological, economic and scienttic progress as proof that all the world’s problems can be solved with the proper application of existing knowiedge. The main theme of Rush Limbeugh, for instance, is that our system is sound. It just needs reprogramming to bring it back to the health of the "Leave It To Beaver", “Father Knows Best" eta of the 1950's, But in the 1950's the population of the U.S. was around 140 milion and the average 1.Q. was ten points higher than today. There were few social dependents and, as stated earler, the illegitimacy rate was ‘only 5% as opposed to neatly 30% today. Eimer Pendell, in his book, “Why Civiizations Selt-Destruct’, wrote, “In our own, civilization we see a fessening of the struggle for survival. Welfare does away with natural selection, Being, in part, an accumulation of skills and know-how, of buildings and tools, of transportation and communication, civlization must necessarily tag behind the concentration of brain power on which it depends. And since the vsible forms and structures of a oivilization are an accumulation, they may endure for decades afar average inteligence has dectined far below the level required to create the civilization.” And, {might add, "Maintaln the civilization’ Ina sense, we are living ina kind of Disneyland for dummies. Most people sve only the progress and deny the regress. Blaming that on a natural phase, soon solved by revamping our political and economic structures. This is wishtul thinking by those locked into a doomed system, Rather than face up to the coming collapse and loss of their present way af life, they ignore the ‘warnings and will cortinue to do 0 until iis too late for them, It is natural to ask for signs of the coming collapse and especially for a time me. Predictions are troublesome since unforeseen devolopmnents can delay or hasten breakdown, But overall, debt isthe best indicator. ‘When a petson is in debt and can't pay, he can fose_allhe has and may face starvation, unigss he has a backup system such as Wellare or relatives. Nations ‘are much the same, When a national debt grows beyond a people's abil to pay, the country goes into default. Without backup by other nations, tho courtry sinks into civi war, revolution, famine, et, For decades, the U.S. has been propping up bankrupt nations. What happens when it becomes ous tum? It is a certainty, then, that the propping up of otber rations will stop. Then world civilization will end. When the U.S, goes, the rest of the world will folow. Riots, wars, starvation,THE SURVIVOR Vol. 6 fone of the beat and oldest sorte of plekled fish a Rasown a9 eseabeche nn ld Spanish dish. that dates back to Roman tines, -Kingilsh, tin, pompano, recipe, nithough any snit-water Nah of firm texture may be eo plelded. Avold all softiestied fish, Fectpe: Vinegar (alatied) 1 qt. Red pepper. 1 tbsp. Bincke pepper 1 thep. Bay leaves 2 tbep. Cumin seed % tbsp. Marjoran i thep, Cut sh In serving portions, and wash thoroughly.” Drain, and Tet soale Ina SOdegree brine for ¥ hour. Then wipe Gry with clean towel, Pour olive oll in hot frying pan together with a few red peppers, sbe bay leaves, and a clove of huluced garlic. Fy Ast 1a chs wad a Hight brown color; remove and lay aside {0 cool, Keep the olf hot In frying pan for following ames Cook tree mediuny-size sliced onions vung yellow, then add marjoram, eumin geal, whole’ black pepper, and vinegar. Cooke th siowhy FoF 3D mtntes, then Tek 00 ‘Now sprinkle fish will the remainder of the red pepper and bay Ieaves, and pack in sterilized pint Jars. Fill each jar with the cooled sauce and place top. on tightly. ‘As with many pre Bervet foods, age in proves Us| piexied fish, and It will last a sie In the summer in’ cooler” weather, Store Ina dark, cool, dry place. This recipe wil eld 30 Ib, of fish, Spleed lsh “ean be prepared in thrée ways. jays with ‘spiced vine= bar, after Velng prope ely prepared: it can be cooked and placed in spleed vinogar for Immediate eating: oF Mt'ean be picked in crooks £0 a2 to. last for a. week or more, Shad, lalee trout, mack ere}, and salmon are the best fish for pleing. A got spiced-vinegar sauce that will odd new favor (o your eatel, Fe'the following Vinegar (aintitted) Wat Sugne Mustard seed Whole loves Whole white pepper Cracked whole ginger Cracked eatdamon seed 07 Bay leaves He on Atle augnr and water and add to vine- ar, Place all the opiees iv an unbleached Sotéon bag and put in liquid. “aviow ths inixtare io simmer for 1 hour. Strain Uhrough cheesecloth and use the clear gad in pickling crooks "Chie oan olther be poured over your cooked fish 4 or 5 hhoura before eating, oF Used as a presery= ing agent for pulling (ie fish up in Jars. Potted trout is excellent when "pre- 2331 THE SURVIVOR Vol. 6 plagues, will take Up lo 80% of the world’s population. But let's say the powers that be come up with the interest this year without siripping tne Entitlements, What of next year, or the next? Consider, the projected interest due in the year 2000 is one trillion, five hundied and twenty billon; probably much more. The overall population vill have grown, as well as the population of ungovernable dimvits and criminals. So the total and irreversible collapse of our system is, indeed, a mathematical certainty. Cur species will probably survive. But how tong will take to recover from the ruin brought on by the most widespread collapse in history? When a power collapeas i laaves a pawer vacuum. That power vacuums often filed by a numerous but incompetent body of want-to-be's. When Rome dogeneiated, weakened and collapsed the power vacuum was filled by the early, Iimitive Christians. This ted to a period marked by ignorance and terror known as the Dark Ages. When a civilization loses it's vigor, even it it dosnt actually cotapse, it becomes weak and ripe for revolution. Revolution, even a seemingly peaceful one, can produce changes just as radical as the Dark Ages were to the formerly ordered and disciplined Rome. ‘The French Monarchy, weak and cortupt, was taken over by a mob of ignorant rabble. Czarist Russia, deyenerate, couupt and weak, fell frst to the Socialists, then to the Communists. Germany's Weimar regime, weakened mainly by ‘Ametice’s Great Depression, fel to Hitler's National Socialists. Neither Russia nor Germary have recovered from their respective revolutions, From 1346 to 1250, the Black Plague ravaged Europe. It kiled over hal of Britain’s population and a third on the Continent. Due to the less sanitary conditions among the underclass, they were nearly exterminated. This also lessened the power of the Church. Without the underclass to do the labor, the intelligent of the upper class sat bout inventing labor-saving devives. Freed from the repression of the Church, the European mind flourished. Science, art, mechanics, iterature, phiosophy, music, all came alive, This was the Renaissance. Then came the Industrial Revolution. This was creativity by the men of intellect. They had the reat power. But they wore dominated by thelr ineriors, men who wanted power for power’s sake and reverence for the sake of alfe of ease without effort Imagine the kind of world we might have if the intelligentsia, beginning during the Renaissance, had joined torces. They ad no way to do this, of courso. But had they had a way of pooling their knowledge and consolidating thelr power, the tyrannical, the avaricious and the pious frauds, could not have brought our present ‘world civilization to the verge of ruin. Today there would be space cities orbiting Earth, cotonles on the moon and Mars. There would be no surplus population, no threats to the environment, litle rime, no wats and very litle poverty. On a planet ruled by reason, the prime law ‘would be that anyone could do as he pleased as long as he didn't do it to the disadvantage of others. No child would be bom without a feasonable guarantee that it would be well-torn, woll-reated, well-educated and welLoccupied. {In case there Is doubt as to what an intelloctual Is, Here Is a Working deiniton, ‘An intelectual is one who has an active, searching, reasoning mind. He is secure in tho confidence that he can function through his own abilly. Ha doesn't seek security in having a fot of uniformed robots marching at his bidding. He may be ‘wealthy but through tis own abilities and not through the deprivation or exploitation ofothers. Nor does he need the worship and support of feartul suckers, The intellectual is the brain of every stable system where intelligence is appreciated. But he becomes an endangered specios after the collapse of his system and its takeover by politcal or religious tyrants. Unfortunately, a system's collapse is usually folowed by a takeover by political or religious fanatics who feel rrost seoure inan atmosphere of ignorance. So the collapse of our system will be 3 real danger lo the surviving intelectuals. Ifthe giowing lunatic tringe should gain power, the True Believers will IquidaleTHE SURVIVOR Vol. 6 served with thi resipe. Clean trout an: ut Hato. pleces iong’ enough to ll pie Jar to the neck. Pack in Jers and” All se ti eplcedwincgar aauee. "he a i Jara tn pan of Seaton, and baba In slow oven for 2 hours. Itemove cigth, fand pour on enough melted wax to 190 kee ‘Store In a dark, cool dry pleee, iting, perch, ‘salmon, plice, shad, and plokerel may be prepared (he Cod, smells, mussels, shrimp, clams, oysters, roe, and alewives make. good Plekling, “Skenmed or baleed carp and mockerel also make ine diel wlien placed In a erock of spiced vinegar for Pe hours after cooking. And leftovers ‘of all_ game fish can ‘be placed. in the spleod-Vinegar crock to be saved for sal fads or sandwiches. ‘Try It sometime! Red peppers, garile, and onions can bo raised ‘In your own garden; also. fou valuable herbs—marjoram, fennel, pars Tey. and oll, A fifth ts tareazan, whieh aices an exeellent. Vii ‘A ive ean be grown fu Just a smail patch, ‘Garlle vinegar, excellent for many fsh digies, canbe made ty placing 8 oF 6 crushed cloves of garile In 1 pt. distilled Vinegar, end allowing it to stand for 6 or tedays Btraln through cheesseloth, and bottle "Try plokling your extva Aah the next ime. you go. camping. All necessary supplies for the fest sages of pickling ‘can be earried in the crock, aad the Asi, fall ready for the Jars, can be carried Teame teeeptacle p tang of cedar smoke, the smell of fresh-cut. pine branches, indd to these nostalgle. breathe. Irom the out-of-doors, the tare perfame of spleed fish steaming on your camp fre, POPULAR SCIENCE MONTIILY JUNE, 1936 CAMP AND PICNIC MEALS COOKED ON TIN CAN 1 OLD tin ean is all takes to sake this ‘canny stove, the tot) a hich serves ae a bacon ex, ne pcake stdade. 1c is eaually Uselul in Sour own hack sed un the Techy, inthe woerls, or hy the riage And Jn any ff these places, IC ll be hs HH to Te frat ove given for com viniences in” woking Wan desired teale 2332 anyone who can read without moving his Ips. Inteligent people have three basic reasons for preparing to survive. The first, of course, is survival ilsoll,. The second 's to prevent domination by the kind of telgious and polilical fanaties even now preparing their own kind to take over. The third, and most important, is to rebuild on the ruins and to establish the Dictatorship of the Intoligerteia. Tho tem may have some offensive connotations. However wouldn't dictatorship by scholars and scientists be preferable fo dictatorship by fools and another Dark Age? One might ask what kind of system would be established. But thet would be the wong question. It really wouldn't" matter, The idea is to upgrade our species by elminating the parasites and predators. Without them, with only well-motivated, ineetigent citizens. a system of order and liberty will evolve naturally 'Nor should anyone imagine rounding up milions of defectives and doing away with them. The great majorty of the undrctass will di in the chaos. Then It wil only be a matter of sterilizing those patesites and kiling these predators left, as thay show themselves for what they are, thereby eventually ridding our species of 's underclass. ‘Now isthe tine to prepare for the greatast social breakthrough in history. Now is ‘yout chance to help inaugurate the next slep in the evolution of human civiization. There has never before been such an opportunity. ut if the usual kind of Power Elte gains a foothold after the collapse, the chance may never come again. This is the first time in history the machinery has besn in place for intelligent people worldwide to be In contact. With the Internet, CompuServe, computer bulletin bocards, ete., the people of intellect can organize, prepare and consolidate. But frst comes individual security, A voice out of the crowd is simply a voice. The individual must start with a means of providing for himset and his loved ones and, hopefully, a way to be an asset to his community. Also, the security of his petson, his possessions and his communty must be a consideration, Atlan Formulates, in anticipation of these needs, hes been producing works on selt-sulliciency and personal security since 1976. These works include The Survivor series, 19th and early 20ih century science and technology, thousands of formulas and processes, trades, crafts, collage industries, etc. These will enable anyone to maintain a pleasant, productive lestyle during the coming troubles and beyond. THE SURVIVOR Vol. 6 POPULAR SCIaN 193 a Building a Coal Chute for a Model Railway NS ERCEME sant of amt east utis quite complete seithoat a coal cht "Pan Fonndatinn of tie moe 4s BAe uD Of ood hocks, ‘The vals are ev eva Brat hound or heavy eardioand and erected with Binall pieces o¢ veaxd cemented. ile the Comers. for "steungth Thereof. is made. in he same manner. ‘The shetay, bent to shape ain srlered he trate for the delivery of coal 3 8 seals higher than Ge other trad ete pit inside “t bung. The bultdlg rated. black, a the” toot to. represent panes, alle the foundation should be Z the cobr of sonere & Mount 2. ood Tight. 98 wall pole. nearby.THE SURVIVOR Vol. 6 rove steaming, aniden brow gam the homemade’ stvve The ear nity Be prepared at on yout wish to conserve jit ta flher ‘in shears ccsinurienl side the allen) ea Js the most elfectice, but a tionquart Gn wil do, IE you don't ay in such fae queatities, suitable can may be obtained from ay tel for restaurant Tro make the stove, completely remove the top of the can, it leave Ue thick else aroun the top This end wf the ca Will Ge placed dltetly exer the fie, ‘Phen ent openins B in the exlindrica side nf the tin just blows te thie rides. This tectansalar shaped hole hist be Tire’ enomgh to serve ae. door 2333 Ueoweh which to ford the fre, En 3 tavo-cnart ccm this spice should meacnre approstenately 204 by af in Gu the apfwsite side of the tin-can eytnder at tye elite ene eve ster ene resnye Clo serve as ebimney. This tine feat only thice sides and fold the fis ack 80 Bhat it is parallel to the Mat surface. of the Fin, Tn a ‘Hvo-quant container, the opening Shout be approsiintely in, scare, Wh fe inerevse. the dimensions Inaem, place the glove ver the fire. Tee the aking vice vase sel, place the one THE SURVIVOR Vol. 6 ing or door in the ctection from which the ind is blowing, ‘Aiter the can is hot, use green leaves. or wipe thoronglly Lie top or riddle To eliminate the bother of carrviny lard, acon nay” be use to cease the erie, THis idle hn heen sed fF cooking bacet, cap, scrambled gees cure steak, bles, pork chops, Fried bananas, fried tomatoes, And wheat cakes.—Euisnnean Masts, Home - Built R ALS By US rompve the pee of mi from ao. tcrapging Tron cigtelte cans Je onthe ayceimen “eles of ths. hesmen ppotiseopes rotate the object sigh aed Thronett the glass wins, Vou! wi se the nen Transformed fates of inn oH ule, Polarizet fight—tight- waves vibration in i plane instead of in all nections faeetl throush tain sibstanees fe rotate finowets an angle that depruls upon the weave Tevetle nf the fight ae. When site ight is Poiniead aid passed Uiconsh sien. for es nope, its color eomponents are rata curios Anonnls, peoiudne a colored effect. The tase the sqecinen the ene Drover, Het deena Toe toll pei wera he fal ate pieres of diferent thickies. IE Domiea oF trangrrent crapping mate ed on the sfeetien te styttan tive rest Fea contin thane nf “The elimist nes pkriscope that ise soatiaty a hoezental pss tube with Nie fireme mode from the eae trawsparen nin fel Tecan cpa pre forme of ealeiuny «xr Tate. Audigeonnl ett mde througle the Cross ane the surfaces are pofsheel aod Inented terether avai ith: Cae balsam. Heit posse thr ex zt es Tens! eas trating in lane ated 9m Horthe aller, One ray dg refrartad to the sie nd is absmbedl by the blackened walls of the a chile the other emenves fran the Nicol priena a Tight vibeating in a single plane. Such light is said to be polarize Tic tv fstinnent ilasteate, pieces of sls ‘enue! ad paced nage af thet S7 a, to beam of ‘Gi inclined mneor po ineny while feller ie necesene te vie the Fesuitantcologs: The details of constrection feiven in the dea i porettain “seeket Isekened on te te nt ferve as Nicol prs watt Lamp WONDERS Polarized Light Instrument OF P. RALPH DOWDEN POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY APRIL, 1936 cen is fneerted thranghe slat in the side of the polesicope and vicied though a window at te tp wich s a fariacape with one side reneved fucnish the Tight, A tin rellector dlvects the fight through diffuser Ofo14 by 2iq-in ground plas to packet mittor that throws the Jit onto the polarizer. The po- Tavizer inl anialyzer cons of (0 pieces of thin picturestrame sla, each 224 by AY in enameled Dick “on the reverse” side with About four coats oF use thes 3 pear apagie when held to the He "Sets of 4 by. s/t Shonen to hold the various pies fof glass frily i place before the se of the box ie closed The top. removable'so that the lisp ea Fe taken out hy. witherawetng a ‘soil senew from the blick carey Te the lump sorkets ‘ae iter tvally are painted nat black Co event umsanted reflections, The Susie is fishes sired, ane {elt base completes the job. Naphthalene the substance cor. rut sl in" the form of moh Ir etystallired from lem tue left on sie elas othe sa vic of las, wil pode am intersting cae Bred picture when! sewed through ie ‘vce, Tastarie eit sed io the manufacture of Seite powders cam he crystallized sini fom water. Photoxeaphers” hypo, is another Substance for exainction ina similar maneTHE SURVIVOR Vol. 6 2334 THE SURVIVOR Vol. 5 Making and using Mexico’s carne seca In this modern version of an ancient method of preserving aneat, yom use your foven Instead of Ue sta to. dey Uin strips ee, "The leathery result is slur ty bee jerky by many hikers, campers, and nibblers, But the primary use of this dried beef, follow ing Mexican tradition, is in the prepara tion of certain cooked dishes. Two are of season pioneer nourishment stil favor riven here: a sauee for tacos, and a soup. You can dry the ment well shead of the time you plan to use it, of eourse, for it keeps Tong. tine, he amount this recipe makes is the Come Seca (Dried Meat? 2s to 3 pounds tp round soak tins tick 1 toot onfons nay ebopped 4 taoipoan omens 4 clos gle mashed 1 tonpoon couve-grourd ack paper tle frown Trim anil diseard all ft and neat, then thinly slice ment across grain into pleees abont ine thick, Tit bow! nix onion thoraghls with oregano. 9 sar, Layer the nnother deep Tie, salt, pepper. and vim nwa atl enon state Bat Tel, poring the last of the exion-vinew nixtue over the meat. Cover and chill at Teast overnight for up to 24 hows), Arrange strips of ment (shaking off anion) Closely tigether, overhpping as Title as possible in shallow sitnmed baking pans {this omonnt sill BIL pans, each 10 hy inches). Dry meat ia a very slow aver 100°) for 6 to T hours, allemating post tion of trays in the oven show every 1 hours Gf you only: bave tww racks, yor ccan balance one of thie pans on anatber, When hard, and is Tet el then stone sietight ia plastic bigs arranuinig sa air ean eleoulate) neat nas turned brown Aivlleiteuth: rears at's Keep at evel room temperatire or in the refrigerator until ready tus: iL keep lnvlefinitels. Vou ean eat thisment as you vould eet jerky. or prepare the dishes ted below. Makes abont pond (or abont Ty measured) 0) Fup Carne seea moistened! in a sauce is a fine choice for tacos or miniature chimiehan- tes: or Ht makes the base for a rich soup. called Casneli (named for» Mesiean cooking pot). If you want some etrne seca Tor suicks, mitke just Yor 15 of Ue recipe. You ean freeze this sauce. Corre Seea Seuee. Pour % cup lot water over 3 cups (or L recipe’s yield) of en sees and let stand abont $0 minutes, stie- Fingoecasionally. Pound meat with alittle ff the liquid in a mortar and pestle (or phce between shoots of waxed paper and pound with) a flat-surfaced mallet) until it is shredded-looking and ia soeall particles, Loyer strips of well trimmed top round in ‘ deep bowl with the onion-rinegar-sea soned miziure. Cover and chill overnight Ina wide frying pan, heat 24 table- spoms salad oil and ald 8 peeled and seeded medium-sized tomatoes; 2 cups Chat # bunches) chopped green onions, including f the green tops; and 1 ean (4 02) green California chiles (first reniove seeds and pith, and cop chiles). Reserve some of the chiles to add after the sauce is made, if sou want to cali- Dhrate the hotness of this dish. Cook vegetables over medium high Heat, stirring, until the then add 8 cups beef or chicken broth (canned or freshly made) and the pounded feame seca, Cook, uncovered, aver medium heat, stirring oceasionally, until he Tiquid js nearly all absorbed about £00 minates. w begin to soften: poon into sof, hot un ly and warmed Tweat, turned fre= quently): oF the ministure chimichangas Idlreetions follow). Makes 5 cups. Climichangas, a specialty of Sonora, are jade with the platter- low To serve tortillas (moistened Tig ina dry pan over ous tacos four tovtilas eosmnon ju Uhot 3 ean state. You con make a sinaller version with flour tortillas available in refrigerated sections of many markets, ‘The tortillas heeoune flaky when fried, Miniature Chimichengos. For exch flour tortila (about 7 inches in diameter) speon 3 tablespoons earne seca sauce down the enter of tortilla, Fold tortilla around 610- ing, and hold shit and seal ends with wooden toothpicks. Assemble only 2 or 3 sal atime, as the tortilla will absorb Tiquid from sauce. Fry in 1 ineb of hot salad oif over medium heat (about 330°), turning, until golden; takes 1 to @ minates. Lift from fat with a slotted spoon, draining, then place on thiek Inger of paper towels: Keep in a warm phee until all are cooked. Serve chimichansis garnished with 2 or ' tablespoons cach shredded Cheitdar or Longhorn cheese and siredded lettuce, aul radishes or green onions. Alow 2 or 3 for a main dish serving Moat ir dry enough t0 remove frome oven ichen it is completely dry to touch aud has arm, leathery texture, Store airtight Just add broth snd the fragrant herb Cilantro (coriander) to the carne soca ssuice to make a refreshing, hearty soup. Casuola, For every 1 eup carne seca sauce, ald 1 to 132 eups ebicken broth (canned for freshly made) and % to 1 teaspoon tro (the Mexican name minced Fees for fresh coriander, als known as Chinese parsley) or % teaspoon ground dry cori sander: bring to boiling. Allow 1 to 1 serving, les cups for each main dish 48 a frst courseTHE SURVIVOR Vol. 6 YOU CAN BE A Pla nt Wiza rd AEE aEtan’s vay fron the file af plant another activity, however, once the hoctispocus is shipped away, the amateur will fin in the creation ef now plant warleties an engaging and Deeding. As in many eminely. adventurous. spare-time chance for finaaial relurns Te must he admiltes inv its deeper ranitication: times, iC hatlles the most exp may be a plat wizard” in your own'ba yard. A limited number of flowers in the home garden, common arden instinct Knowledge of basie steps requited, andl a steady hand ave all that are needed to pro. dure mese-Lype seedling The essential part of producing ne plant varieties is artificial cross-pollina Gor, Angone may succeed in doing Uh ‘The first step is to decide what species you vill work with, Annual plant give {quick resalts, They show the resulle of cussing ia blooms from seed the fallow ing year. Sweet peas, marigolds, svap dragons, aul cosmes are examples of these annual flowers, Perennials, such as irises, dulbous plants Hike Lulips and gladiolus require several, seasona before bloomin Roses and other wooly” plants need longer period, Patience is indispensable in dealing with slower-maturing species. A ew variety of apples may not prove itself for seven to (ea and, of caus fruits requive mo haw an avorage home affords Amateus. will find irises, gladioluses, sweet peas, and snapragins cay to work wilh, Atmong vegetables, tomatoes, ar= den peas, and the melon fanily are easy fies Preliminary to erossing, _ascextain whether the plant you ave planning to hy raigeprodices “canplete™ or avai plete" blossoms, ‘The lormee carries both tnle and female elements of the flower ie fine blowin. ‘The fatter pradices mate ele nuts in one Howser, female ia antler Bram. school botany: we lenin Chat “Ue nile element for pollen Iheater, and the fen (is the pis altachod at its | ary, which elops into the seed pod. Generally, in omplete flower,” the stamens. will be (ina location azound the pisil, s0 Una asic or Fescets will jae Ue ti louse so they drop on the pistil and con plete the act of fertilization, So, in order tomake suce you really have exossed Ovo varieties, you hist remove the slamens of the flower Lo be pollinated bevore the ok Tet becomes vipe and bicaks aa dustily to activity ce sme hobbies, Uiis ane offers a good a the start_Uhat plant breeding is am initicate But, IF vow wish, you 2335, THE SURVIVOR Vol. 6 By Arthur Hawthorne Carhart That Purthers uly, At eat the female client ‘Riter you have selected a fetuate parent for your experiment io lisbricising, heeak oni still in bud. With a pair of ivcorers, using a magnilying glass If flower yarts ae simall, pluck out Ue stamens, If your magnifying glass reveals the stamens Fipe and dusty, dhe flower has not been prepared early enough. Take an: other, less mature ‘Ailer che fintastare stamens have beew POPULAR CE MONTHLY JULY, 1937 removed, cover the emasculated ower ith a squat of wae paper to preven “ileal eros, "After several ays anne thet “UF ie surge Shs Tor pollen, £ : Stlect male parent with ripe polls, md teaser sone yralus Uo Ue fet paren Gg cccplel way So te Ct aff Fipe pollen ato clean Watch hss pick zal Ulsvor which polten fom vale parent are placed iC yp with a small cxmel’schaie brush, and apply ito tle pists gummy surface, nove direct way is 10 Tift a ripe stamen from dhe male parent with tweezers, carry i aacdedly to the Femle parent, and apply the dusty pollen ditectly. Looking through the Inning glss) you sally cas gen the pol Jen stains adhering to the surface of the )s- {ih whieh indicates that your teansfer I com retedTHE SURVIVOR Vol. 6 2336 THE SURVIVOR Vol. 6 e HOW TO CROSS-POLLINATE / CARNATIONS . A SIMPLE EXAMPLE i OF ARTIFICIAL PLANT BREEDING L PIsTHL, iS AM i he fe tlie cinryce L Kate yureot mst beta tad 2 ai back to expo Re-covs the five female paren to sil wax paper ad mee 1 th i sin ‘ol sead that wil ete Pex plored ‘om the row or section in which seeds From each sinsle jd are soven, ‘Then wait for tan to key ine future, the sod Hines” f each selling [FOR samples ue sing re a white Mexeer, hopin siltvon iene: tin. Vou ubtain' a white seeding that has 5 em terete crore-brod stall showTHE SURVIVOR Vol. 6 all the qualities That yout kno ‘Shows tha. low vatiety vot are after except c the red stenin fei for Non, si cross this or thone i reason to he ted tice of the red parent sl Use yellow ie to pvadce a salmon. Your reconts af a euices ee them always 7 tools and sapplis for your new hobby sgn be. purchased for les than two doll They neue small hand tiseerers, 4x sea pape ing acs, asta notebook, some A hialle of dieable price tase, aul 3. few Cents worll of gaden-stake labels Aloicure sre ate helpfal in removing the stamens sotsome Moser ci The inte’ yart_of plant. breed voles the selene af ents, which es the Zavundsvork om which a breeder tay texson bly "predt “that he will rece. from aay {res pronted ie Kase the Mod te a nla, Genetics sted itelf bt Frctical Lass for determining host to er0ss Woieet results can be belly: peconted ch pitent, ae ehseacerisies thot are cond (0 the Igbrids, Half 3 century a an Austrian moti naped Mens sarki tine law of ratios fn whch thee araetrsies {vil appear in hyd. 1s espeiments were males ith syeeet peas, Examination of a veel pea tiselses dt both mae ane female ‘ements aze enclosed iv 2 poueh in the lower portion of the Nower, Neither inset nor wind Eur naturally eros-polfinate 9 yen esom. They are sdf pollinating ler at itil hybrid iaalion. By “elfing,” oF inbreedice: the biooms 2337 hoevend the frst generation, Mendel learned ‘Ove way tm when he un eh centage will comtinte: to split tis “Mendel he." whit is! the foundation rientifie breeding SIMPLY stated, Mendel’ awe teaches th © “with Yererence'to a xiven ehrncteristic, 0 fourth of the hyhids wil esemable one patent, foe font the other parent ad. half will be “Sndetermimte." Seed fiom. this indeter anineee grou break gain ithe same’ sal ‘vller only one unit ‘character, Tike color, is consiered. In practice, a eros belseen a white ewer sand a ted ore may show one fourth ted, three fourths white, This is besause the white i Conferring chat is,known asa “dominant” tharsctenstic. "It eveestndowts the other colin charactor, sehich fs "recessive, “Therefore, te plan reoler recoenizes that ifm cohiterted ere fs tnndey aud one fourth of the hybrids show red, Show white, he bias the fed color “tied tone mediately. “But brenuoe’ two hinds of the hits are Nindeterminate” hybrids, he must work farther lo "is" that color soi will me true feom seed. ‘The "fixing is mately rrsing the dominait efor throgh ene speterations to determine which are the "fized” Fiybrds of tat dominant color, sehile three fourths. Taye aplics only awhen dating with unit cliarter, suchas color, Prarti- cally the parentage of any fer the amateue ideals tlt fe thoeoughy mised: aleeady, and the results will show all sorts of intermediate oti blends. all sorts of aller eonulinas ons of any single unit character Furthers totes iti tinportant- oly when dealing with plane that omst De propazated tiv seeds. Te Heed not worry the! iybnidizer ho. works ‘with plants, that can he propagated by cute SUIt hos 1 covert ‘Sieh pate of te stamens plucked, Lele the flower Eee ettinnad with ae THE SURVIVOR Vol. 6 tings, slips, scons, or bud grafts, for such Fropiietion cates claraeterstis setts Do not overlook the fact that every” sec Ting caries the chaaacterstics of Hoth pare tite Some may beceubmerged, ut. they fre’ there. Hy erosing, you may recover fhe. One plant may hive vigor, see, every thing bat the bloseom sought. Another may Fave the blossom sot want Kecthss them, an somesshere in the cesulting seedings, you will get the combination you want. Look on Sour erossing as. Dien proces from ivilich you felsct those individuals Unt. show promise of producing what you seek. Ap- breachiye fom this angle, anyone tan make Crosses intelligently. Pollen generally is fertile only on plants of closely related species, A climbing rose cat Teerossel with a wild rose, of tea rose wil eituber, "Natueal limits allow a purapkin fo cross with a squash, oF either might cress ‘with cucumber, “A terunto bay bees crossed ‘with & pepper they belong to the sme order oF plants, Th this field of crossing. between diferent species in the sane family, les what fins been, called “pant wvizardiy.”” Nol even the est int brecers nox how far this sot af eres fay be‘serowded” This @ shot in the date, Arnatears wil get more cat tsb ‘working within'a species. BUL if thee "freak roses are. attempted. and are stoceceful, a ‘wholly new sort of plant my rest Plains that must Be propasated from seeds are likely to “break” every which way, and the Mixing” of a new seed- propagated vaviely innay become ‘edions, A freak ezoss may be riore easily fixed in its characteristics than a frase within varietles If the amateur plant Inreeder wishes to get permanent results in ie first few gonoeationsy he should deal ith Mans that are propacated arexuallythat i, bulls, oF grafts, If you cross ies, and the rst generation shows an eeeptional seedling, production by. division ‘othe root steck veil eaery Uo the new plants, All of the characters of that seedling. Gladio- i ‘OF sitar woud plans, dated by Dusk, cuttings, or grafts, fact of cronepolination can be are complished by aingbody. Common ju fn serine nthe tepretation oe Sule wil xo far in bringing succes it the Jroduction of new varieties The tools 30 Hinple: The laboratory and test lot ray be 2 few squat fet inthe home yard One mit ven produce a es pevaniaen vatiety i sind bos Pant brecding can be a fascinating sparee tie rey ening le, pera iting suring Samat tele, Hea SUperOE oF promising novelty is produced. Try Raising the Temperature of a Room Popular Mechanics — 1919 he temperature of a room may parently be raised several degrees with the same expenditure of heat, and greater comfort will result by the ap- plication of a simple principle. In than a dry one though the thermome- ter registers the same. By permitting steam to escape from a” radiator or keeping a kettle boiling on the stove, the air is moistened and feels warmer.THE SURVIVOR Vol. 6 How to Mount a Snakeskin a Perce Or S JAKESKINS, particularly those of Miamond:back Tattlers, rake. band= Some decorations if properly Trounted. But when merely tacked up to Gey ina blazing sun—the usual method fof noviees-—they ure anything but at froetive, soun becoming distorted, Srinkted, and eolortess, If posite, the snake should be Killed the best way to accomplish Chis is to sheot it through the head, just back of the eyes, "One can safely. approach a coiled Faivesake with 22 eulther vite, because invariably Ht will strike at the sun mitazle: andite striking. range is only the right. Each ts given o ditinguih fond placed ina pointed eitele of the 2338 ° fa few feet, allowing you to get cluse enough for aecorate aim, Howe Sou do nol Killa rater outeig Sure to note whether it bites itself often do that when wounded, and then ou must bande the body wih caution. the Southwest sy that one muy become paisoned. just ty. handling a batten Ioniers body, Atae, tale sare not to tose the manigird Mead, "a9" tite: palson = hay be rigied, or @ splinter Of fang. hruneture fnges, Safest memo ect your and. ‘The snake will aqui for some time ANY houra of constructive pley fare in store for any child of from fone to two years old who is given a toy Iike that iitustrated. In fitting the vari- ous colored blocks into their holes, be ‘will learn discrimination in size, color, J % ete THE SURVIVOR Vol. 6 After yuu il it, but should be alcinned ‘ff the head clove te the base of te sully ‘hen, with # sharp. Uhin-binded knife. si down the mile of te underside with cut jun derp enough to sever the armor: Tike bottom scales. Mose ied skin clings rote Ughty 10 Uhe tsk thin At the forward section, Cut. deepiy the rattles. “This. Bal section is. tough and hard to sid, bat since Uhe skin here Is striped Instead of diamond.patternel, it should, if posstile, be lett connected fo the rest of the skin. Otherwise It will appear to be part of a different Kina or repute "As suum ae It ts freed from the Mes, spread the ‘kin, flesh side down, nver i bine hoa. sorting outward. with the Hugers to sivetels it. A vissous sibistanen, very much like flue, adheres to Ue flesi Side of the skin ond. will peruunentiy tlme, should be kent out uf the het st, but pineed ia dry atinde, When the skit fe carapletoly set ns ow day’ eet bf Shige my bo appiied to the yeates 1s preserve them against the Favages. of sampuess.iH Sthiey. Noodle Puffs For noodle puffs, make your noodle dough, roll out ‘and let tie until moderately dry. Cat in half and put one half over the other. With a floured thimbie cut out puifs, Press the thimble firmly enough 39 the edges. stick together. Fry them in deep oil brownish anil serve as soup crackers. Block-Fitting Toy TEACHES SHAPES AND COLORS and pesition. ‘The cost is negilgible. ‘The main portion of the toy was jig sawed from the end of an orange crate to At the tray of the child's chair. After the square, triangle, and other figures had been carefully sawed out, a piece of pressed composition board was tacked to the bottom to prevent the blacks from falling through. ‘The upper part of a clothespin was then screwed to each block as shown to serve ‘as a handle, ‘The whole set was given a ‘ground coat of white enamel; ‘when this was dry, each block, the inclosing elrele, which is merely palnted on, aad the hole were given its own particular Aistinguishing color. ‘Phe han- des were all left white for the sake of contrast. Of course, nonpoisonous finishes should iivenys be ved. —M. 1, NIXON.THE SURVIVOR Vol. 6 2339 THE SURVIVOR Vol. 6 What's It Made Of 2 eer HOW TO ANALYZE HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTS IN YOUR OWN LABORATORY POPULAR SCIENCE MONTIILY JULY, (237 Benn Seger ew i > of a home — hold ammonia, you actually are getting Iaboratory, will yield a surprising smount solution of ammonia gas in water, Tn ‘information about such preparations a case (we biands mee siailarty priced, the liciues, (woth paweder, cos- ene containing the mes, anumonia is, pr netics, tobacco, and a sana th bus, Vow cane When you percha which is the strony Handy kit Ve Chemical Reagents Te ee eee eee by: “Glvating” hen with dilute sulphuric t about ten cubic centimeters, or three "To HOLD te Teaspoonfuls, will da—and add to srantities of est tube a arop or two 0 methyl or indicator, ‘Then add weak sulphuric add, ‘Trop by drap, to ane of the test tubes fontit the color ot the solution sed Monastic ats us oF the oller tube, ‘The ammonia That tequites the most acid to effect the TT you add the ich bottle is sal, yout compared. simply alice tal This test can be inate by ailing. ice 7 cubic centineters of strong suljphunie acid per itself asthe conk. Asia! yroorken hex of eonveniont dimensions. kecys ones. Ve En materials, Many of the brands cantaTHE SURVIVOR Vol. 6 2340 THE SURVIVOR Vol. 6 Spill an gael? propafed slain sila by Uissolving live eames Cabout 0 leaspoon: ful) of ammonium molsinate crystals in Ailing ily cubic ceatineters of slebe Sulphuric acid. Several pa of thie te agent, pled oa slat bleed bp Mining some of the tooth powder in a Tile water, will show up any. Ayeroget feroiite by orig Ihe Inia eo ine property byrne iC out in anolber Teac Uae CEI ine SCAU one ot eee Shwe tes Vistation of the preparation just de. seit alse sau, be ued tg (est Tor Peroni AMI @: eagpoortul ol eters tie Huh uner test Tllowed hy several drops of a lute solution of cite el Agttin,a yells color develops if Iyteayen sidie, which will fipnie apparel Sauwoxeria Adda few dops of sall waler to a sole some form of bis tmuth, and the pres: tence “of this com. paratively high: priced ingredient fea be detected by 1 single: Du inter sting test IF the product is a powder, ry heal ing some of iL in 9 test tube with & misture of pos hved potassiumnio. tide. crystals and flowers of sulpitur WF iL contains his rally the resulting themleal reaction will release the va- Tet solid inthe fe mane te Toces a pechitate of silver ehlorde, The wit nn “i she wall "of the pnecipiate wll turn graye av then blac, inty be Mende” The rte an best be ifyin when espostel tthe light, Similarly, if you ad Lseveral cong of a solution of 30 1ss, afler the tube has ecoled and th ‘ligin chloride, or table sali, othe Tiquid brown drops of distilled sulphur hace contained in the brown glass bole Tare turned yellow, as otherwise the sulphur ished sith many. hairye sets" or eae fest tube, ‘This "sublimtate”™ entitied with Uhe aid of a. lchromecwite triangle may. be mistaken for the searlet isrmuth jade. To test aliquid preparation for Hisniuih, heat it in ta evaporating aise until noihing but solid) material remains, find proceed as before Many tooth powders contain. sodiune petboratey whieh releases oss ee shen itis moistened.” One way’ to detect is to test the tooth power for Toren; 'an cloner present in the perborate compound, which ts the characte Gf tuning 9 faane een Place. some ef the touth powder ina test tube that has Zeside arn ns shown fn one of the photoreapis, Add eno Strong suite acl to cover theporsder, and then an eyual awit of geain or tabbing enol, Connect the sie arm Of the test tube, instead. of the texan gts sappy othe go Inlet af Baste cee find heat the contents of the {est Cube, Not wll nl dit You, can light The gat ne At the top of the Inner. and the resulting tne we Etved gave nag the Fr mati of compen known asethsl borate ester the tooth powder CCntsins son penburate Oxsien released by. tooth possder of brs, white precipitate will form, Te tens gravish-black when exposed to the Tigh, Tonicaling that he sinter (tite contig 1 soluble. silyor salt. Ity most hit dyes, this sall is silver nitrate, Avpowder accompanies Une baie aye, The instructions divect the buyer tod in water and apply it to the baie fing the tse of the silver nitrate solution, ‘Try adding an acid, such as sulphuric acid, to the powder, and acril sulphur dioxide gas will hes liberated, 1 you heat a solution af the power with several ¢ bie centimeters of silver ill obiain a brown pre Lipitate that slowly Iii dark. This silver precipiiate is the agent that calurs or dyes the hair, Reactions ike Those yout have just ob sersed indie power is phate Same freckle-rempy inye creams conta an Mmoniated mereury, which may prove hann:fy ful te the skin. \ sim foley es for mer tring in sich a e4eam is ‘This test seveats the presenes of sodiuin pure the test ibe with ‘sulphuric acid and alcabal OF the hydrogen pevonide at is formed ‘Si qa solgtion ot be Ua the Rneracion of sua pero hier canst living Fale and water. ‘This provides. atother anshile wil a ules rnd test far uhe tooth ponder, 1 hythoxen Then immerse. 4 sip © petri Tora thn i eh sheet of netic nnninu, You ean test for hydrogen peroxide een ping from a candy bar, in the ligule, “The caustic’ ee acts with the alamiaum, giv ing off hydrogen gas. AL the same tie, any mercy: inTHE SURVIVOR Vol. 6 the solution will amatga mate with the alumina Remove the aluminum Foil, sash it thorpushly with wal ler, and set it aside sit out uilempting to dry it, Hf mercury is pres- tnt, the foil soon ‘will emit crackling noises, anda fully’ white giowth of alae nina will appear tipon its surface, A maitieation of this test may’ be per formed by heating together for a quarter fof an hour a onegran suuple of the Freckle cream, a sts3p of lurninunn foil a third of a teaspoonful each of fise-per cent sodium hydroxide solation and Ieentyeive-percent sodium thiosulphate sulution, In this ease, mercury’ is present if the growth of while ahimina appears ailer the metal foil has heen washe with akohol ur acetone, ‘Tobacco smoke, blown through ah kerchief, produces a brown stain—ant nicotine, as many suppose, bul oF vege= lable tar distilled from the urning shre Belracting and testing for the nicotine i sdf is one of a number of interesting exe heriments you can perform with ci ‘aul cigarette paper in Pure nicotine colorless Tiquid fue own Taboratory What & it aneans when he speaks of the “niea= tine in tohacea, however, is nicotine eteate fr nicotine male, ‘These are nicatine salts fof cieie std ae acids the sels faust to 1s In Jemon juice and in apple juice Calf sale ike cotine citrate bythe phin name of “ofentine® should. nol confure Sein, When ee Sak that Hants need in the sil for esanmple, of sourse are mewn some sl the ‘meta ch pot Yotasiun silicate, and not the motal Tse HF the growne actually did contain metallic Fintssiany, which reacts ssi water Uo pe fivce fire, what a pieturesque and tenifving place the'earth would be each tne i tained PTO REST for the nicotine in tote, Teak up several cisirettes nr all cise inca tal jar, baker, ne bes ace, aia sev ct nid ontces ‘of softien of soditan Tndeoside (lye. water) to the tobacen,. Now Idd Mob of alsarbent cotton wel with trong. yniraciorte ek Jus ove the tents af {he vesel Vou ail see 9 dence white laid of Menno forma around tle enon The chemistry of the process & simple, “The alkali or Ive water eclenes the wientine from ite combination witht Gtsie nr sifie aed and Forms fer nicotine. A thie Hid i high Volatile, some of Hie liberated nthe a 4 vahine. Now, when the vapor af hye fhlorie aah ie tore inthe vessel by dts willy it to form nicotine hydrocttoride, is the white. smeke” tits. formed Your may recall that the. vapors. of hvdin= hinrie acelin af anmoniy aso rene to forma sinobe, eansiing. of amionivn chloride, but seat can readily show thet a= Tuomi i not averted in the present dnstance Aaeet stip of rll Tita apy hee nthe vesel Te (the caustic Isle, does not tort ml hy the action of the alkali Tange tobacco companies employ’ ingenious rschines fo smoke ciareltes merhanieal ad analyze the chemical products. in the smoke 2341 11 sot with to investigate for 30 happens when’ Lolnete burns, yo rig np one of these “robot sokses Pitied ton Tie che ip of 4 cigarette into one end of fa ghss tubs which steves as a folder. Com neet the otler end of the tube toa glace Te tle, veing rubber (ubing proved. sith pinch clamp wr asprin tepe elothespin,. Tae feet the T. tube in one bole of a tivo-hote Homer fitid toa uallon jue of water, shich sca asin mp. “hs oter i the stopper ries tube that tig ity the water, al athe top of his tube along section’ at rebber tabi. cl what easily Cacho ‘The siphon fy started. hy stoking on this rubber tains When yo open and lose the pach ch eee in the fealisteally imitating the eu fof snokin, Pp! ie glace the that serees asthe eixarette hokey and ast Sine sen drvif you ate a ter of tabraceo, simply pce the lacs tab to your fie without he at luichments, and draw the stuoke throusl i DPeeeutly te tres paper wil tn rede ‘The rhayge ie produced ty formie acid anal other wire conttined ie the smoke ie dilerent, hostever, 1s the smoke eam iye from the oiler end of the. cigardtte— tie wiep that curl grand from the sessing buaty anit ACE, a wet step of hve Titmas paper in ‘nt dawn into the noth in smoking, Meld a ‘We sti OF red Ts, paper Hn this smoke the presence of an alkali-in th casey am rionla. TE your eyes hive ever snvrted in a room that & cloudy with tobacco smoke, nox Sou know ‘why; the ammonia vapor reletsed Thy the burning tobacco ts largely responsible, ‘Abit of shcmial testing also will give yor on inh ‘into the chcmistey of eipatete Paper. Often this materal is. toxdedy” or Inpregnated with some fill, to make Ht more foaate and Yo control. the rate of busine Th should ino sense he considered an ad ferant, since iL hot use to liapen the prod tie, but i inconpocated with the paper pulp to gerve a ure puapose. Calcium carbonate, the same waterit of whic ebale and marble ae composed, is the filler genctally ennpleyed TPO TEST fort nai rece sever sheets of cigatte paper (9 ash, "The best sigy to do thio ha he ppt i pore Hhasen ure tl the carbon cently buried ots "Chie will lee a. white eh Tochind Dusing the Heating, the eal Carbonate will have been converted into cole Clunn oxide, or quicklime. Add several dtops fof water to the ah, and calcium hydreside, hot you add a drop oF two of plenalph hatin’ to the liquid, if will Comm Siote-red, Showing the presence’ of an alalt The allel responsible for the appearance of this color ‘comes from the enliam carbonate originally present in the cigarette paper Tistead of adding phehehphihalei, you ean sliy'a plaGnnta ice fn the solution yon have prepared, ad (hen hold the ire i the blue the thume with a carmine-red color, A ttle fof the Fiqud may also Te filtered an treated th a sufition of aman axstate. A, white precipitate forms. When, ammonia oxalate solution is adie to. Haid ner test, sel precipate steongly indicates that the Ti tains ealciury, ge SURVIVOR Vol. 6 Reised cutting bourd mates it easy to eid vegetables ab diforent times ty hot pan We raised our culling board We have used this cutting: hoanl for sev tral inonths in our ney test kitchens anid final ie very han dlerneath it or place iL over a hot pa You slide a bow) ane ‘Then just eut or dice your food and push iti. Ours is made of walnut but the bose cold just as wel «i snl the aml of inexpensive and attach the legs ata erproof glue, no aor screws. If you do not havea fox lo cut the bo s| dloepset serows U 5 abtach the legs with hough the top. Kinish Uwe board with « costing of salu ol, ap= plied with a ay. A ‘four sinall rubber headed tacks 10 the bottoms of the kgs to serve as bumpers. ‘se view 1 quae cntos Frans view Dimensions can be vwried. Make the two legs high enough to leer your favorite salad bow SUN and round all the edges well 1967THE SURVIVOR Vol. 6 2342 THE SURVIVOR Vol. 6 Waterproof Fire Starters OU iow how It ty to start a _ OUTDOD See katie more Cae teh Sen orcas ic coon “Ail Chal mlsoy ct be ave I yu take asi OUM Ait Had and oat a tee ot lan tacteisinat icnbnt eran ciyots oe ne ea ue ce Capes toteaine ore Brin sguars and sanamiche, of conse, — — scl Wasnt SLADE, SLL 8 ORE eae eRe i eather, each bloat be, wrappe ino gremarasdiand ih hustiet aes eae fa ae neighbors. Third, groove both holver of sach block so they will Dip the Head of each match in melted pare snugly when a. match Ts sandwiched between them. offn, then lay Wt in le groove, [Scfety Split tho lorger blocks im two, sandwich [Moke your blocks 74m, wide, and youll have room — motchar may be vied, i you carry @ strike hla, and dig up some hitchen matches for twa batches side by side and headed each way} ng surface. ino watertight container) Fer strikecnywhere matcher, Joy, @ Sandwich beth elves: clamp, or bind with thread: When fuel and ordinory matcher are wet, open up narrow stip ef coarse sondpaper be- dip info. malted poratin, If wax har visible va: ove or more sandwiches, feather the ands to make Side the atch, Use Nao? er tsand- por ie toa het. ‘Soak bilcck fil bubbling almos) thom. igtile. more quicly, sivke the match en Poper—tiner grits might clog with wer Stop, then lay catide (stil clamped) fo harden the sandpaper, ond’ vse the. bolves for kindlingTHE SURVIVOR Vol. 6 Scientific American March 2 1860 smi, by ta Sedlown ia theshove es "Thispindleshold be sea ances asa covered with eal pee of Lk ingelse or thin ates of mika, Tho ent tacez fever of them will bese rong roa rater pont i ny be ewe, th prucing fant and sexy brat spl ientific American March 30, 1861 How ro Prowene sy Pests —tn the fit pla ‘Sup yonr al to aceanpish whalover yo tl pevabore i i AIT olin ave owen Titgence nd assy. enol aa Co werk. with tekes nos." Mt mto romaine tthe nl fia: not he who gor and comet. Alon to your So Unsinns; never tt tomy oe el Uist tens to too nny il teed ed nr ‘oh Be tral thal which wil not m Suit make a polit Mave the peiey and the Ish Hasiostove sb Dngans prover” We aay ‘the py fox entice 0 yout tint keep” ‘Frcatovery one will epee ad iy Covering ings ad nollng lt by coarton ‘scald fam any eter w rover pace depenenos ype beonng the poser Taertaees he sta wate for oa ene ose ming have to go a how Uae Latin" ba ‘Mio rons afler'@andow bth « weuaoms ace we that labor —cspilly Popular Me nics L919 Changing a Motor-Cer Tire without a Jack, It occasionally happens that a motor st fails to have'a jack at land when tire needs 10 changed on the road, The sits tow is with the strong board and a couple oF blacks or racks, Driving the de sireil wheel onto, the incline, pro- vied inthe anner itastrae ed, and setting the brakes, a block is placed beneath the axle, ‘The board fsthen Enocked ont of the way. THE SURVIVOR Vol.6 THE FANTASTIC FLY! by Kurt Saxon bably never given it a’ thought but the common house-f1y is a potential asset to any- one with chickens to feed. The following ideas able you to cut your feed bills to zero and even give you feed to sell. (See also Vol. 1, pag- es 12, 39 and 110). ‘he common house-€ly and the larger blue and green thoraxed flies are wildly prolific. Estimates have been made that if one pair of flies should be allowed to breed with no deaths, in one year they would weigh as much as the Earth itself. ‘The howsesly. (Enlarge) ste, oe me 4, pupasiam: «alu (Alter Havant, “iste! Deparment of griealse) y weighs about a grain with sto the ounce. A female will lay about I don't know the ratio of females to 1b let's say half, or 60 females. The cycle g-laying fémale is 10 days to two er in the act of a ered box with a mois ina warm place, rod a mate and female hung togeth ting. Put them in.a cloth-cov- slice of baloney and keep it in a few hours the female will her 120 eggs. Soon thereafter the eggs will hatch into maggots. Aftor eating the constantly moistened baloney for a few days the maggots will pupate and soon again, adult flies will emerge e pupa cases and commence to mate and eat, eat and mate, and just lay oodles more eggs. (No need to capture a pair of flies in the act of mat- ing. Just get three or four flies and one or more of them will certainly be females) TE you expand your operation, in four weeks you have 3600 females. Two more weeks @ 216,000. Another two weeks, 0,000. We're just’ counting probable females, remember? In 12 weeks, or three months, would you believe 47,256 ,000,0007! That approximates 31,504,000 ounces, or 1,96 006 pounds, or 984 tons! You would run out of ba- loney in no time. have al, chickens, rabbits ly slated the waste from the d other livestockTHE SURVIVOR Vol. 6 Chopping. board This unusual chopping b Ie espweially welcomedn the kitehen of a cunk ho often prepares Ort ental or ather dishes with man; hopped vegetables; it was this kind of cooking: Uat originally. inspired the Boat, The tse sides face wh suatte chopping, conteol juices, aml facilitate eneiving chopped pieces fron work sirlace to slave with Tosing: ang The ard shown ie male uf inch-thiek solid hardboard, Attach the sides with white glue anol sinall inils sunk below the sarfaee, fli the holes with plastie wood, As conditioner, rly salad oil wver all surfaces, let stand, then rub off the excess —R.J., Santa Barbaro, Calif Popular Mechanics 1919 Improvised Post-Card Projector and Enlarging Camera Br HARRY MaRceLtE N outit whieh may te used for LM either projecting picture post ards or enlarging plotogesphie nega tives: was assembled as delitentel in the illustration, Aw ordinary camera, which provides the fens ad bellies, iS eared, hv counbbrtion witha rk toe which ea be bait in the. bone workshop. ‘The meth of eonsteaetion Bins ke a box shout 8 in, square ont of pruned. softwood stock, Nail ihe sides, but outit, for the. present le top and the bottom. ‘The bo doyenings thus Te ill he called the frout ant the back. Aunt an 8 by B by Hein. board, Dy hic cow stitutes a door, on the Tack sith Hinges and provides Buk to hol it slit, Cat a square hole, of the sae size a8 that of the opening inthe back 2344 THE SURVIVOR Vol. 6 worms. But the human waste would be for flies. Most state lavs say that human waste is always ste and cannot be used for growing food direct. 5 as cities and towns put so many product 's that any e Even so, esthetics dictate against using it to directly fertilize plants. The Chinese have used “night soii" directly on plants for thousands of years, Some fields have up to six feet of topsoil. All night soil is avidly collected. Rurals even put up attractive outhouses along roads to entice passersby. So intent are the Chinese on utilizing hight soil that a constipated Chinese is flogged and given high colonics. ‘The humen waste for fly food would first go through a grinder. This is because maggots can't eat what they can't get into their little mouths. After grinding the waste would go into a special digester which would gene- rato mothano, weed as fuel. The methane proces: would generate enough heat to kill all bacteria and further break down the waste. What would be left would be a vat of slurry covered by about two thirds of its volume of mine- rai-rich water. The water would be siphoned off into algae troughs and the slurry would be fed to the flies. ‘he mineral-rich soup siphoned off the slurry would supply all the minerals the algae needed to divide twice each day. I suggest three foot wide, 20 feet long, one foot deep wooden, plastic-lined trowhs filled with the water. The light from the sun or flucres- lights, plus a possible heat source under ic shouid supply all the algao wanted. vested ixed with the or broken up. As n feed it would supply all the protiens, tamins and minerals required, even by chicks A fly-feeding unit I've designed wou1a provide 120 one square yard by four inches deep plastic trays. They would be on racks, preferab- ly of sheet-metal and would be 12 high with four inches of space between. The £1y room would be 15 by 10 feet and woud hold 10 racks. It would be fully enclosed by win- dow screen to Keep the flies inside. In the bottom part of cach tray would be a hole with a patch of rubber with a slit in it through which a nozzle would be inserted, The same kind of slit rubber patch would be over holes in the screen adjacent to each tray As the maggots ate themselves to pupahood they would rise to the top to pupate. It vouldn't do to put the new slurry on top of the pupas, thus kil- ling them, so the slurry would have to well up from beneath. Two inches from the bottom of each tray would be fixed one square yard of rigid plas+ tic with holes spaced every square inch. ‘Thus, as the slurry was consumed and the level went dom, the slurry tube would be insertedTHE SURVIVOR Vol 6 another 8 by xin, piece, B This will constitute the frout beard, ‘This front bard isso ent that at fiss in Netween the sides af the boxe instead of on the ends, as does the back Iw the top, cut a Square bole for venti tion. A hood is’ provided over this ole to prevent Bye being theown forward When using the srrasgement asa projector “of magic Lanter two 10 Watt tungsten lamps, A, ate revived, Fach lamp is mounted iy a porcelain receptacle held on the floor with screws, A lamp cord, one end com necting the two lamps i multiple and the other fitted with an attachment plug, passes through a bole in the floor bf the box. Form the twa reflectors, Ti, of 8 by Tin, bright tinned sheet iron pieces, each having holes slong fone af its edges to admit of atach- ment, ‘The refleetors are bent to a semicireular eontour before mounting, ‘The eae holder is detailed at CTs a piece of tinned shect iron bent to. the form shown so that it will hold a post can. A hole #8 dviled in its cen. ter for 4 screw pivot. Tt can then be fastened to the center of the back door and can be taened into position for cither horizontal or vertical pictures, 2) washer is inserted on the serew be- tween the holler and the door. ‘The thickness of the camera body having been determined, a slide is fastened to “ete 0 a VENT the front_board, to support this body. Before it can be used as a projector be adjusted to operate with the camera of the type and size available. ‘The adjustment, which must be made in a darkened room if on one of its wi hay ls a white sereen on which the image will he projected, is effected thus: Remove the back from the cam: ea and place the camera in the slide without extending the bellows. Ope the shutter. Tnsert a card in the holder Light the tungsten lamps. Now move the front board, with the eamer carried on it, back and forth within the box until the components are in facus, 2345 THE SURVIVOR Vol. 6 Entrance to peat draw arewer space € nye and hanging wixes-etectrified | Drawer Yacuuming hole both rubber patches into the bottom half at the far end of. the tray, the tube would be worked from side to side and withdrawn as the slurry welled up through the es and caused the top level of slurry to rise, Alling the tray At one end of the screened-in fly room would be a scrocnod section two foot wide hy four feet tons, at the bottom of which would be a drawer covering that area. Hanging from its center vould be s sys- tem of electrified wires too close together for a fly to get through. Flies touching the wires would be electrocuted and would drop through the slit of the electrified screens making a "VW" just above the drawer. There would be a three eigths of an inch slit a bottom je "V" so the chances of a live fly gettinc into the drawer would be small. ‘There would be little reason to enter the fly room. At the end opposite the drawer would be ano- ther siit rubber patch for inserting a ten footTHE SURVIVOR Vol. 6 at is, ntl the most distinct image tsinable is rproduced on the scree ‘Then, iluminate the previously dark- the postion this dermis, ese aljastments faving beew made, paint the ox, inside and ont, coat of ead Hack, “Bveryihing shoul be painted ack exept the reflecting surfaces of the ty ectcrs and the tad ap bulbs. The front Beard. hvin licen laened: subsequene ResliE Ean te effected by shifting lovgitud the Tene boart of the camera. The Image of any sort ofa picture that wi fly tho: oer can be: reprodaced Cotored post curds will projet fn their satura ots "To make envargements with the sone Sey. When employed. for cpl ‘quired for projection, are not asc iy unscrewing them a few turns. ‘The mipative, oF fim, wich isto. be em innged, held i the opening I, Where a fim i to be reproduced, ie i hehd itween two pieces of last which ae feetened to the inside of the ont boned ‘ith small lips, Ifa glass negative ie teed, the two addional glass tes hot fill the opening. in the camera, a trask cut from heavy black paper will be required to cut off the light. “The light forthe enlargement fs for- vished by another tungsten lamp Which ie acrewed ty a hoard which cone Mitutes-a base, This lige source fs ffovel about th the house woul Hla tivecly back of the opening Ba the front of the box: and until the fight is Sauebuted equally over the entre ue tard or forward, White focusing, use in yalow (platy oritey scree, weave theens Whe focusing has een co pleted, the shuter ip closed and the say reen wemovel, “estoy dows the Tens to bring out detail, and expose. Noodles Atteryoui vemade homemade noodles, you'll wonder why you ever bought the tour and. water’ Kind. That's sll the commercial anes are mae of, Your homemade noodles are made of flour and eggs. They are basically 2 eggs, 1-4 Cap butter, of margarine, a dash or two of salt and emugh unbleached flour to Inake a stiff dough, Rollout the dough, Gal into narrow strips, separate them Sind spread them oat to dry. 1 your huodiesare realy hone dry. you can put them ina jar and they'll Keep a month) For a cheap addition to a meal, serve plain egg noodles with butter oF cheese ‘They are gre with chicken or beet stew or vegetable soup 2346 THE SURVIVOR Vol. 6 tube to vacuum out any flies dying naturalt Te the unit vere properly maintained, the @raver should be filied vith dead flies’ several Although flies are known to be carriers of because wild flies seek decay- na for egg laying. These do- 38 on ree as lon: eter for food ed fies, feeding and laying their @ ne nearly sterile clurry would be as germ one could reasonably want. My system is for producing in bulk to feed com- locks or to sell. But it could be scaled it the needs of the individual. wuld one be confined to human waste. Any ken, g, cow, horse, etc. 1a do a clean product, however, it i ed that the manure first be subjected to the methane extraction process. This vould not only i froe gas Fer tho house but would produce a cleaner slurry for the flies. down to. ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANICA 1892 THE HOUS! LY 7 y white eggs (usually about 120 in number), elongate oval and eylindvieal in shape, are laid by the parent fly in crevices of fresh manure in or about stables,—heat, and especially noistare, being required for their development. ‘The larvae are fatched jn bwenty-four hours, and pass through three stages, averag- ing from five to seven days in all; in the second of ils stages, Ue larva hag been observed lo increasd by one-third of its length in twenty-four hours. ‘They resemble those of the well-knoveit meat ly, Caltiphora vonitorta, but are smaller, longer, more slender, trans parent, smooth, and shining, and regularly conical. ‘The prop-leg ve the’ ape is'clso much smaller, and cannot be seen from above when the larva is in motion, ‘They eat the decaying parts of the manueo, leaving the bits of hay and straw, ‘The pupatium, or puya- paso, is'a quarter of en inh’ long, cylindrical, and dark brown, tlosely reseinbling that of Slomoxys caleitvans, from which it chielly diers ia the larger and squarer anal spiracles and the smoother apex. The enclosed pupa, is of the usual type of the ayclachaphous Diptera, and is readily distingvishable from that of Siomoxys by its broad spatulate libium and curved maxillary aipiy it rests in the ease with the hard framework of the jaws St the old larva skin next the ventral sido; and when the tly pushes its way oul, afler remaining from five to seven days yea pupa, the upper end of the easo splits off just behind the Suture between the thorax and abdomen, ‘The term * pupa” is here used in a genoral senso, sinco intermediate stages of de- yolopment (varipusly called **pseudo-nymph ” or ‘ semi-pupa”) in that condition ,oceur in Uho Muscide, as in Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, ke. On leaving the pupa-case, the fly rans about with ils wings soft, small, and bugey, pressed’ to the sid’ of the body, mu 1 as in tho pupa. Ibis pale, with tke colours not set, and the mem- branous portion of its forehead constantly distends with air as th fly moves, being connected with the Wrachew, From Mr Lowne's observations on the anatomy of the blow-fly, this ‘organ is ¢ dently cinployed for pushing away ene end of the pupartum when, ‘he minute dull chalk:THE SURVIVOR Vol. 6 A two-slory house for vals March 1969 The white or headed rots yeu se i pel stores ate delightful little pets for chil lien, ‘Phos are very friendly ina shy was, intelligent, snd unusually clean animals They: dosed + eage they exm eall | Ronakl G. Lyman of Salem, Oy Hlesigned and huill His simple ease bo house his children's (wo white rats, 11 has worked very well, The cage is sill ccnonigl tn be moved about exsily but big teatigh to allows the yas to exercise inside IU has hideasways for seepingand windows fal Gva Tevels for sieving the world You can build this rage of Ma, 5. or inch plywond, Cul the openings. in door, sided top with a saber six sew, or hand heghole sae, The left aad Tight side of this ego are.rublocted to hosel the two floors and the Lop, IF you do nat Ihave a power si, simple bat -join these sroorl mieinbers. Use lie a wells nails shins assembling Sereen the peninus with Linel-anest Seemingly hoppy in Hlivir home, these white pets don't rvah avg when door ie opened Two handles mole for ensy worrying. Whee neste windows let the rats sve ail, smelt alt 2347 THE SURVIVOR Vol. 6 the mupa slips out of its case. ‘The whole period of evolation being thus from ten to fourteen days only, and the number of eggs laid by each female fly so numer- ous, it will be readily scen that any slight personal inconvenience to man, as produced by the habits’ of the perfect iusect, are much more Uian compensated for by the unceasiig labours of its Iavve as scavengers; the benefit being the more direct as the work is invariably done close to human habitotions, ‘The workings of the Jaw of nature, by which an excess of increase in any one species is checked, ate conspicuously shown in the ease of this insect, Not only do’ the ordinary parasites of its own class (somo Hymend- ptetous, and in one recorded instance Coleopterons) attack it in its earlier stages, but certain common birds are particularly addicted to it in the perfect state (in which also a Chelifer, a minnto European representative of the scorpions, nas also been fonnd parasitically attached to it), ‘Tho vegetable world also supplies some lethal agents in the shape of fungi (notably Empusa masz), individuals destroyed by which areconstantly tor be. seen in autunin unable to move, and distended or ruptured by the expansion of the internal growth, Uke white spores of which are finally to be observed seattered round their victim. ‘Trivial as the house-fly may appear even to entomologists, it is lo be noted that recent observations by the German biologist Weissinan on its development have resultéd in his discovery uf its possessing ‘imaginal dises” in the carly larval state—a structure dcemod of sullicient value Lo suggest a new division of the whole Insecta into Discota” and “ Adiscota,” MAKE YOUR OWN CORN NUTS You must be familiar with corn nuts. They are © up in plastic snack bags and are sold in xost station markets. They cost about 25 cents an ounce and are made from Hickery King Corn, a laro- er type than feed corn. Whe only difference between Hickory King and other varieties is the size. There is no ditfer- ence in taste. So you can make all the corn nuts you iike and be as y are just as good as the commercial kind and cost next to nothing. corn nuts are a Variation of parched corn, Ind— ians and pioneers ate parched cokn almost ao a aple while traveling. It was very nutritious an ie ace so was considered an excel- took up little lent trai Parched c dried corn on hot rocks c make parched corn by sim sascless Frying pan as made by Indians by putting in hot coals. You can covering the bottom of ho corn and stirring un— brown. Corn nuts are a little more refined. As a sam- ple batch, use one cup of whole corn, bought from any feed or health food store. Soak the kernels in two cups of water for three days, in the re- frigerator. Pour off the water and dry the kernels in a to~ wel. Heat up about four cups of grease; bacon,THE SURVIVOR Vol. 6 Potato Chips Pare the potatoes and slice into thin shavings with a vegetable cutter. Let them soak in ice water for an hour, drain and dry ina towel. Have ready your heated deep fat and fry until they curt and are lightly brown, Put them ina wire frying basket to immerse in the fat and shake them as free of fat ax possible before lifting from the kettle, then put to drain on absorbent paper. Dust with salt Keeps a week or more. Pretzels Make a dough of four cups of four, 1 tablespoon butler, 1/2 teaspoon salt, 3 rounded teaspoon dry yeast, enough ‘water tomakea rolling dough. Let rest 20 minutes, then roll out and cut into strips, and let dry a couple minutes. Shape into pretzels pinching ends together. Let stand until they begin to rise. Make solution of onetevel tablespoon of lye in a half gallon of boiling water or 2 tablespoons ina gallon (don't use aluminum pans). Put the pretzels in the boiling water. As soon as they come up to top take them out, Drain, bras’ with beaten egg yolk, sprinkle with course ssalt_or caraway seed. Bake on oiled baking sheet, Set oven a9 high us you ‘ean, 700 if possible and leave in there 2 minutes, (10 minutesat 500). Takeout of the oven, turn down to 400, set them back in and leave in until they are bone dry. Drying time varies alot by how they are cut out, how thick they are. Break into desired lengths. Put into jarwith tight lid nd they'll keep. 2348 THE SURVIVOR Vol. 6 lard, vegetable oil; it doesn’t matter. When it is 50 hot a drop of water sputters on its top, lower a heaping tablespoon of kernels into the middie of the grease. The grease vill then begin to boil vi- olentiy. You have to know how it will react-so you won't be tempted to just dunp the whole cup.in and watch the grease erupt all over the stove. Make sure any handle to the container is turned toward the back of the stove, especially if you have a child standing by. Also, stand back as an occasional kernel will pop 1ike popcorn. AL first the kernels will sink to the bottom and most will rise to the surface as their moist- ure departs, When they float to the surface watch until they turn copper brown. Take out a kernel occasionally, let it cool a minute and chew it. If it's chewey it’s not done, When it crunches and shatters it is. Then scoop the browned kernels out onto a piece of newspaper to absorb the grease. : Now you can continue a heaping tablespoonful1 at a time and cook them about three minutes or, cautiously and slowly pour the rest of the cup in. After the boiling stops the kernels will rise and simmer on top. But the whole cupfull will canse the grease to cool some so the real cooking vill take about Fifteen minuto. All youtre doing is deep frying them. You can experiment with a shallow frying pan or a deep fat cooker. he result will be the same. With salt, will ke delicious. Don!’ use the same grease for more than three or more batches. The heat breaks down its mole- ules in time and it can be unhealthfur. You might also try deep fat frying soybeans. They are tasty but not so much as corn nuts. Soy- beans need only be soaked overnight. Also, they cook in a shorter time and are lighter than copper brown and do not become exactly crunchy; something between chevy and crunchy. Munchy. Tasty with salt. Both corn nuts and deep fried soybeans can be mixed for party snack bowls or while watching TV. SAVE THE FAMILY FARM In the early 1970s Russia suffered ‘ous crop failures. Their govern— the weather and collective Jing was an icats surplus grain. Fearing nere and hoping for more losses, the U.S. government the American farmer to br into production. Our farmers dia them money for zers, pesticide. and much 4 inee fii ers. Bureaveratic important factor. ne Russians then bought up all Amer ssian crop rg more Lan Our banks gladly lane: ore land, seed, » herbicides and more ger farm machines and the fuel to run them, Por a while the farmers did weil. Then the Russins figured that if Ameri- cans could get bogged down in a no-win war in Vietnam, they could do as well. So they invaded Afghanistan. President Timmy Carter, reared as a farmer, none- theless cut off grain sales to Russia on behalf of the Afghans. The Russians simply turned to Cana- da, Australia and A ina. Also, Rus- sian bureaucrats eased up on their far- mers and their own grain production ey This left American farmers with mii- e lions of acres devoted to grains no longer in short supply and actually a growing surplus, costing the U.S, tax— payer over $9,000,000,00 a day to store. And the American farner qoes on growing Fertili-THE SURVIVOR Vol. 6 2349 rain without a market until the bank relieves him of his counterproductive John Redman Coxe, writing in The Em porium of Arts & Sciences, 1812, pro- posed a crop which migit be the’ solution to those farmers who have not yet gone bankrupt. Sunflowers are a temperate crop. They will grow well on marginal land without irrigation. After planting they need no cultivation and with rodern agricultural wethods should be double the production of La12. unFlower aceds, ofl, Jeake, cor= dage, ete., would give the farmer a much higher profit than g This is espe ly true since they eno ferti- 20%» herbicides or post- plant ation. pesticides ng cules Ubservations onthe Puniaus Cees to whieh the Suygtower may be applied. iy the Borrow. ‘THLE advantageous employ nent of this plant does not ppear to have been sufficiently appreciated. ‘The oh ject of this essay is fo atlract the attention of those. who ve it in their power to pursue the enquiry to its and iis expected, that this may be rea 5 in the country, Ives, and with veal full elucidation dily accomplished by persons re with Bile expense ur trouble to them hencfit to the community, i€ their experiments shail satis. ts of this very jy demonsteate the pre common aud luxuriant product of the vegetable kingdom Ina letter, published ia the frst volume of the Ame: can Philasopltical ions, from Dr. Otto of Beth lehem to Dr. Bond, we have an account of the vil pro: duced # fromthe seeds of the common Inrge sunflower, by methods very similar to the extenction of linseed ‘one bushel of the sezds yielded ahout three quarts of oil ; aud he states that i was frequently used on eallad, for which it answered very well. ‘The eommitiee, to whom the apecimen sent was referred, reportit to be thin, clear, ple to the taste, ant are of opinion, that i ‘ill supply the phice of olive oil for the above, and sany other purpos 5 am upon as a valuable discov Tinmediately following by Dr. J. Morgan, “on the expressing of oil from sum flower seed.” in which we are informed, that it is found from experiments, that a bushel of die seeds will yield, ssion, near a gallou of mild oil. And he gives the account, from a correspondent al Lancaster, of eer. vesplts npn this subject, from which we learn, that one hundred plants, set about three feel distant from each other, &. # will produce one bushel ofseed, without any vuther trouble than dat of putting the seeils into the ground, therefore, be looked -y to America, his communication, THE SURVIVOR Vol. 6 from which he thinks one gallon af oil may be made.” ~+ By an estimate made, it appears, that one acre of Tand will yield to dhe planter between forty and fifty bushels of seed, which will produce ns many gallons of oil.”” The remainder of the essay is taken up with many valuable observations on the mode of expression, and on other points connected with the subject, which are unnecessary fo be here transcribed, since the whole of the original communication will be sdvaningcously read, by any one who finds an interest in the present oceay. Mr. John Saunders, of Gloucestershire, (England) has, salled the attention of the public, in Dickson's Agricul. tural Magazine, No. 6, to “the use of the seed of ihe great sunflower, (Heliantins annuus) as a food for swine, Tabbits, poultry, &e.” in which communication he ree- ons that an acre will produce from fifty to sixly sacks. (weight of sack uot mentioned,) the profit of whieh, at the low rae of two shillings and sixpence per sack, is estimated al four pounds sterling per acre, Ho remarks Aikewise that the stems partake so much of the nature of woud, that, when perfeetly dry, they may be burnt as Tiel, an acre affurding from three to nine waggon loads. He suggests also their use by wattlin to enclose sheep, and to guard the from the sies of the weather ; and that, where there are dry walls, With the aid of snfters and inedles, they might be con Yerted intoan excellent covering for lemporary shed the feeds, aud about the homesteads, for pigs ad other animals. He recommends the leaves as an excellent seen food for rabbits, oF as serving for Tiller when dried, ‘The plants, too, he affims, will remain a long time af. ter they are ripe, without shed heir seeds, tHirowzh neglect of guthering, and ave not liahbe (o be injured bs rains, or destroyed hy the attacks of birds, He eientions thie cultivation of the plant in France for tie sole pure pose of extacting an oil; and he recommends sowing us, ifnot in December, as veal the greatest height. sof seeds. ‘The whele the he early sown plants always ar and produce the largest qua paper is worthy of perusal. "Che mode of culture is given in sh No. % by “Aoicus,” from Gr. Williek, and Mave aul Abercrombie's Gardener's Celendar, ‘This per son states tlre use of the oil in printings and of the cake, after expreesion of the ol, iu feeding a pairof small eat it greedily, and Grove well upon two y. He further siatés the ofl to be as. fine transparent sweet was produced from almonds? and that eighty pounds weight of clean seed produced ight quavts of oil, part of whiek he used in amps, and found it burn with great purencss and brillianey. In No. 9 of the thove mentioned magazine, & writer conceives, thal il may he successfully euliivated for the purpose of supplying elothievs with oil, instead of using evdls very early in die spi oxen, wh pounds ad as eve