Assignm

DATA COMMUNICATION AND

NETWORKING
COMSATS UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD
Sahiwal Campus

Department of COMPUTER SCIENCE

Submitted by: Submitted to:
HAMZA RAMZAN Sir Saqlain

Reg #: FA20-BCS-010
Section A
 QUESTION NO 1:
5 Components of Data Communication Network:
1. Data:
Data communication occurs when a message or piece of information is sent from one device and
received by the target or destination device. A data communication network's first element is hence the
data or message that has to be sent and received. Data or messages can take on many different formats,
including text, audio, video, image, and combinations of these.

2. Sender:
That must be sent from a source to a destination. The sender is this source. The Sender is the gadget
that transmits the data to the target or destination. It might be a laptop, smartphone, video camera, or
another device.

3. Recipient:
The receiver who will receive the data is the destination of the transmitted data. The Receiver is the
gadget that gets the data. Once more, a receiver could be a computer, smartphone, video camera, or
another device.

4. The mode of transmission:

The transmission medium in a network for data communication is the actual route that the data takes to
get there. At one end of this path, the transmitter sends data, and at the other, the receiver receives it.
Twisted-pair cable, coaxial cable, optical fiber cable, etc. are examples of possible transmission media.

5. Protocol:
A protocol is nothing more than a set of guidelines that apply to the entire process of data transfer. This
resembles an agreement between the two devices to establish successful communication. For instance,
how to deliver the data, how the data will travel, how to verify that the entire amount of data has been
received, how to handle transmission failures, etc.
 QUESTION NO 2:
Match:
Reliable process-to-process delivery: transport layer
Route selection: network layer
Defining frames: data link layer
Providing user services: application layer
Transmission of bits across the medium: physical layer

QUESTION NO 3:
Chapter 2 Qs:
18.
Communication with user’s application program: application layer
Error correction and retransmission: data link and transport layers
Mechanical, electrical, and functional interface: physical layer 3
Responsibility for carrying frames between adjacent nodes: data link layer
19.
Format and code conversion services: presentation layer
Establishing, managing, and terminating sessions: session layer
Ensuring reliable transmission of data: data link and transport layers
Log-in and log-out procedures: session layer
Providing independence from different data representation: presentation layer
20.
21.

22.
The packet is lost if the corrupted destination address does not correspond to any station
address in the network. The frame is sent to the incorrect station if the malformed destination
address corresponds to one of the stations. However, in this situation, the error detection
mechanism, which is present in the majority of data link protocols, will identify the fault and
throw away the frame. In both situations, one of the data connection control techniques will be
used to somehow tell the source.
23.
The packet passes through error checking before utilizing the destination address in an
intermediate or the destination node, which may help the node discover the corruption (with a
high likelihood) and discard the packet. The source will typically be instructed to resend the
message by the upper layer protocol.