DEPT.

OF HERBOLOGY
GOVT. YOGA & NATUROPATHY MEDICAL COLLEGE
 1.ACORUS CALAMUS
ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME

SWEET FLAG VASAMBU

Classification;
 Kingdom – Plantae
 Order – Acorales
 Family – Acoraceae
Habitat;

Throughout India ~ areas elevated upto 1800 m. in

marshes, also cultivated.
 Partsused : dried rhizome
 Constituents: volatile oil,asarone,
acoretin(choline),calamine & tanin
 Actions: rhizomes – stimulant, emetic,
nauseant,stomachic, expectorant ,
carminative , antispasmodic, nervine,
sedative & antiseptic.
Therapeutic Uses;
 Loss of appetite: Take 10 gram each of Calamus
root, Asafoetida, Long pepper, Black pepper,
Ginger, Terminalia Chebula and rock Salt. Make a
fine powder and mix them well all together. It
can be used in case of loss of appetite,
indigestion, etc.

 Sinus congestion: To overcome sinus congestion,

common cold and sinus headache, it is suggested
to use calamus root powder into the nose, which
causes sneezing thus cleanses the respiratory
tract.
 Best antidote: Its root is a best antidote for the
ill-effects of marijuana.
The side effect of all psychedelics can be
neutralized by using calamus root.
 Cough & Fever: Along with decoction of
liquorice root, it has positive impacts upon
cough, fever and colic in children. For dry
cough, one should chew its root. When a small
piece of rhizome is chewed for few minutes, it
gives relief to sore-throat. In nut shell, it clears
the respiratory channels and removes the
obstructions whenever comes in the normal
functioning of the respiratory process.
 Improve memory: It is used to enhance memory. The
mix of a pinch of its root powder, honey (1/2
tablespoon), and milk (1 cup), when taken both in
the morning and evening for one month, helps to
improve memory, intelligence and wisdom
 Asthma: It is effective against asthma and chronic
bronchitis. It is suggested to take two glasses of
calamus tea, which leads to vomiting. The herb is a
broncho-dilator and acts as a chest decongestant.
This formulation clears the passage by expelling out
impurities from the stomach and lungs and with the
result, the patients feel comfortable and easy.
 Voice clarity: When the powder of sweet flag is used
with water or honey, helps to remove sluggishness in
the tongue during speech.
 Insomnia: Neuropharmacological actions of
asarone oil revealed its sedative
and tranquilizing action. Asarone also
reduced spontaneous action and caused
reduction in anxiety and causes prolonged
calming effect.
 Piles: Take 10 gram each of calamus root,
Indian Hemp and ajwain. Make a fine powder
of these and use as fumigation in painful
condition of Piles.
 2.ADATHODA VASICA
ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME
MALABAR AADUTHEENDA PALAI
NUT/VASAKA
Classification
 Kingdom - Plantae
 Order - Lamiales
 Family - Acanthaceae
Habitat
 It is a very common herbaceous plant in India
and grows in most parts of the Indian
subcontinent. It is also distributed
throughout Sri Lanka, Nepal, Pakistan,
Indonesia, Malaysia and china, as well in
panama.
 Parts used : leaves , roots , flowers, bark
 Constituents: vasicine , adhathodic acid ,
sugar , volatile oil & fat
 Actions: expectorant,diuretic,
antispasmodic, alterative & antihelminthic
 Indications: bronchitis , asthma, diarrhoea ,
dysentry ,haemoptysis , neuralgia ,
opthalmia , cough , sore throat ,
abortifacient , postpartum haemorrhage ,
rheumatism & insecticide.
 1. Cough in Adults:
Adhatoda juice made by grinding the leaves with little bit of water is
very effective for treating all cold related problems, especially cough. To
make the juice, pound the washed adatoda leaves along with little boiled
water and strain to get the juice. The dosage is around 1 tsp of the juice
3 times a day.
2. Phlegm in Adults:
For treating phlegm, take 6 to 7 leaves of adhatoda and boil it along with
a cup of water, once it boils take a small piece of dry ginger, pound and
add it to the mixture. Strain, mix it with pure honey and drink for 3 days
in the morning.
3. Cough in Kids:
This cough syrup for kids is very very effective and can be given for
children from 2 years on wards. To make the syrup, take fresh adhatoda
leaves and steam it in idli maker or steamer. Once the leaves are
steamed, take the leaves in your hands and crush to get the juice. Take
1/8 tsp of the juice, mix with honey and give it to children to treat
phlegm.
 Asthma:
Adhatoda leaves smoke is used for treating asthma. The leaves when dried
and smoked gives good relief for asthma patients. But don't try this remedy if
you are allergic to smoke.

 Bleeding Gums:
Fresh adhatoda leaves are very effective in treating bleeding gums. To treat,
take the leaves and pound it finely into a paste . Take the paste and rub it
gently in the gums, this can be done daily till one gets good relief.
 Indigestion:
Adhatoda is also very good in treating indigestion and flatulence. To treat,
collect the fresh juice of adhatoda by pounding along with little boiled water
and strain. Mix 2 tsp of the juice with 1/2 tsp of fresh ginger juice and take,
this will give good relief. You can take it twice a day, both morning and
evening. This mixture also improves appetite.
 Skin Diseases:
Adhatoda is excellent for treating all skin related diseases.
Adhatoda is cooling in nature and it's juice can be used as a
poultice for treating all kinds of skin diseases as it is very
soothing. To use, pound the leaves into a fine paste and apply as
a poultice over the affected area.
 Hemorrhoids:
Adhatoda's leaf juice is very effective for treating bleeding piles
too. One teaspoon of the fresh juice taken twice a day will
greatly help. You can also buy it in pill form and take it according
to the instructions given.
 Inflammation:
Adhatoda has got anti inflammatory properties and it can be used
as an external poultice for treating all the inflammations. For
rheumatic pain, inflamed joints, bleeding wounds, adhatoda can
be applied as a poultice.
 3. ALLIUM CEPA
ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME

ONION VENGAYAM
Classification;
 Kingdom: Plantae

 Class - Magnoliopsida
 Division - Tracheophyta (Vascular Plants),
Tracheophytes
 Order - Asparagales

 Family - Amaryllidaceae
 Genus - Allium
 Species - Sativum
Plantae
Magnoliophyta
Liliopsida
Asparagales
Liliaceae
Allium
Angiosperms,
Allieae Monocots
📊
Subfamily
📊
⇅
📊
Allioideae
⇅
⇅
⇅

 Habitat: Onions are cultivated globally in a

wide range of climates.
 India,China and the United States are the
world’s top producers of onions, mostly for
domestic consumption. Egypt is the top onion
exporter and other countries in the Middle
East are significant producers.
 Parts used : bulb & seed
 Constituents: acrid volatile oil , quercetin
,sugar, fibre , albuminoids , essential oil &
organic sulphides
 Actions : Oil- stimulant , diuretic ,
expectorant,
Bulb - emmanogogue, stimulant &
rubefacient
Juice - aphrodisiac & antiseptic,
anti-biotic and carminative
Therapeutic Uses;
 Preventing infections
Onions have antiseptic, anti-biotic, carminative
and antimicrobial properties, which help in staying
away from different kinds of infections. Onions
active constituents inhibit bacterial growth and
are effective against both types of bacteria gram
positive and gram negative.
 Common Cold & Cough
A mixture of onion juice along with honey can help
in common cold. You can also add a pinch of black
pepper in the mixture for instant results stopping
nasal discharge. This mixture also helps curing
cough.
 Bronchitis & Asthma
Onions have mild anti-asthmatic and potent anti-
inflammatory effects. For asthma, a mixture of
onion juice, honey and black pepper is useful. It
reduces chest congestion, wheezing and gives
relief from breathing difficulty.
 High blood pressure
Onion has mild anti-hypertensive property. It can
help in reducing and managing the elevated blood
pressure.It is a good diet for people with
hypertensive heart diseases. The active compound
QUERCETIN is responsible for anti-hypertensive
property of onions.
 High cholesterol & Atherosclerosis
Some studies suggest that onion prevents
atherosclerosis (hardening of blood vessels) and
reduces serum cholesterol. Raw and processed
onions both are beneficial for inhibition of
atherosclerosis and reduction of elevated lipids.
 Prevents heart attacks
Onions are good for patients prone to heart attack
or other heart diseases. Onions exhibit fibrinolytic
and anti-coagulant characteristics, which help
preventing clot formation in the coronary arteries
of the heart.
Hair loss (alopecia areata)
Onion juice tropical application can help reducing hair loss
and increasing re-growth of hairs on the scalp. Onion juice
improves the blood circulation to the hair roots and scalp.
Sulfur present in onion juice helps in production of collagen
tissues. Onion juice is also anti-dandruff and anti-microbial,
which helps reducing scalp infections and provides strength
to the hairs. It further prevents hair thinning.
Eyesight & Cataract
Onion juice and honey mixture is used for instillation in eyes
for improving eyesight and preventing formation of cataract.
In India, many people are using this mixture for stopping
progress of cataract and delaying eye operation for it, but it
lacks scientific evidences.
onion juice and honey used as eye drops for blaring vision,
reduced eyesight & eye infections.
 Loss of appetite & Indigestion
Onion can help your digestive system due to
release of the digestive juices and curing loss
of appetite. Onion is digestive stimulant and
stimulates the production of gastric juice and
bile salts, which helps in improving appetite
and curing indigestion.
 Insomnia
However, evidences on effects of onions in
sleeping disorders are not sufficient, but some
people believe better sleep after including
onions in their diet
 Recurring hiccups
Eating onion slices with salt after meal helps
reducing recurring hiccups. For a complete
cure, you should eat onion salted slices for a
week.
 Intestinal parasites/worms
Onion has anthelmintic property. Its juice is
used for expelling and destroying intestinal
parasites. Taking one teaspoon of onion juice
after every two hours helps expelling intestinal
worms.
 ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME

GARLIC VELLAI POONDU

Classification
 Kingdom: Plantae
 Phylum - Magnoliophyta
 Class - Lilopsida
 Order - Liliales
 Family - Liliaceae
 Genus - Allium
 Species - Sativum
Habitat
 It is cultivated all over India. But mainly
found in Karnataka, Ludhiana, Tamil Nadu,
Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Gujarat.
 This herb is native to India and found in
tropical and sub-tropical regions of India,
Myanmar, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and
Pakistan. In India it is available in open
grasslands, woodlands, food plains and costal
sites.
 Parts used: whole part
 Constituents: allicin, acrid volatile oil, starch,
albumen, volatile essential oil, allyl & propyl
disulphide
 Actions: hot, stimulant, carminative,
emmanogogue, anti inflammatory, anti
rheumatic,anti helminthic & alterative.
 Indications: atonic dyspepsia,flatulence &
colic,cold,cough &asthma,bronchitis,pneumonia,
typhus,typhoid & diphtheria, arteriosclerosis,
hypertension,diabetes,constipation, worm
infestation & intermitant fever.
Therapeutic Uses;
 Chest disorder: Garlic reduces fetidity in pulmonary
gangrene and relieves tuberculosis. Administering a
decoction made by boiling garlic in milk every day
relieves tuberculosis and pneumonia.
 Asthma: Consuming a decoction containing garlic
cloves in milk, honey and fenugreek syrup daily
before bedtime reduces severity of asthmatic
attacks.
 Digestive disorder: Crushed garlic cloves in milk or
water relieve digestive disorders. It acts as anti-
septic and relieves inflammations and infections of
the intestines and stomach. It assists in waste
elimination, stimulates peristalsis and secretion of
digestive juices.
 High blood pressure: Consuming two to three
capsules per day reduces blood pressure. Garlic eases
spasm of small arteries, slows pulse rate and modifies
heart-rhythm. It also relieves dizziness, gas
formation, and shortness of breath.
 Rheumatism: Anti-inflammatory property makes it
suitable to relieve arthritis and rheumatism.
 Heart attack: Garlic breaks up cholesterol in
arteries, thereby preventing their hardening which
can otherwise lead to heart attacks.
 Cancer: Garlic juice and extract retards cancer and
tumors progress.
 Whooping cough: Consuming five drops of garlic
juice two to three times a day relieves this condition.
 Blood disorders: Garlic removes toxins, stimulates blood
circulation and revitalizes blood. It enhances flora in the
intestine to prevent infection by harmful bacteria.
 Skin disorder: Acne, boils, pimples and spots are avoided
by external application of garlic while internal
consumption purifies blood. Consumption of three garlic
capsules a day keeps skin infections at bay. It relieves ring-
worm when rubbed externally.
 Wounds and ulcers: Garlic juice mixed with three parts of
water cleanses wounds. Application of the juice on ulcers
removes pus and pain.
 Diphtheria: Chewing garlic cloves relieves infected
mucosal membrane, decreases temperature and provides
relief.
 Others: Garlic juice relieves loss of sexual power, debility
and impotency. It is recommended for older men suffering
libido or nervous tensions
 5.ALOE BARBaNDenSIS

ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME

INDIAN SOTRU
ALOE/ALOE VERA KATRAAZHAI
Classification
 Kingdom - Plantae
 Subkingdom – Tracheobionta
 Superdivision - Spermatophyta
 Division - Magnoliophyta
 Class - Liliopsida
 Subclass - Liliidae
 Order - Liliales
 Family - Aloeaceae
 Genus - Aloe
 Species - Barbadensis
Habitat
 Aloe vera is native to the Mediterranean
region of North Africa, Canary Islands and
Southern Europe.
 It spreads as wild in the coasts and coastal
regions of south India. It also grows in parts
of these cities, Maharashtra, Madhya
Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Gujarat.
 It is cultivated in USA, Mexico, Asia, southern
Europe, Aruba, Bonaire, Bermuda, West
Indies, the Bahamas, Central and South
America.
 Parts used: stem , leaves
 Constituents: barbaloin , chrysophanol
glycoside , aglycone & aloe emodin.
 Actions: purgative , cholagogue ,
antihelminthic ,emmenogogue & cathartic
 Indications: dermatitis , cutaneous
leishmaniasis disorders of skin ,
abortifacient, dyspepsia , piles , hair growth,
jaundice & ammenorrhoea
 Therapeutic Uses;
Improves Digestion;The adaptogenic properties of
aloe vera are beneficial for a proper digestion. It
ensures better nutrient absorption and also
eliminates harmful elements through smooth
excretion.
A healthy digestive process positively affects your
thoughts and actions, thus promoting overall
health.
It cures irritable bowel syndrome and
keeps constipation, piles, and other
gastrointestinal conditions from damaging your
system
 Boosts Immunity; Beverages made from aloe vera
juice possess natural detoxifying properties that
effectively cleanse the digestive system and the
circulatory system.
 As the absorption level of nutrients accelerates, it
results in better blood circulation and also improves
the health. When the blood is oxygen-rich, it
automatically provides nutrients within the cells
more proficiently. These healthy cells ensure your
body’s ability to ward off infections, thereby
strengthening your immune system.
 It has the capability to neutralize harmful bacteria;
its rejuvenating properties work within the body to
keep it fresh and active throughout the day. Many
studies have shown that these antitumor and
immunomodulatory properties are due to aloe vera
polysaccharides
 Inhibits Cancerous Growth;
Use of aloe gel also destroys cancerous tumors
effectively. According to studies published in
International Immunopharmacology (1995),
aloe vera polysaccharides contain some
effective macrophages that produce huge
volumes of nitric oxide, which has antitumor
potential.
 Skin Care
The pure inner gel extracted from the aloe
leaf is the best natural remedy for
skin abrasions and it also helps to diminish the
symptoms of aging skin condition.
simply tear a small part of the leaf, take the
gel and apply it in the raw form on your face.
This therapy will prove to be far better. Most
people prefer drinking its juice, which also
enhances skin health, as the properties of the
plant work internally. It also helps in curing
stings, rashes, acne, and psoriasis.
 Hair Care
Aloe vera has proven to be an excellent option
for promoting hair growth naturally. The hair
products that contain it are essential to retain
voluminous and healthy hair. You can apply
its gel to the entire scalp and hair to treat
hair loss. It has an enzyme that is beneficial
for stimulating hair growth.
 Arthritis
 Aloe Vera is noted for its amazing anti-
inflammatory properties that work instantly
on the pain and swelling resulting from
arthritis. Its juice is extremely effective in
calming the swelling and inflammation that
are closely associated with arthritis. In fact,
topical application on swelling or drinking
aloe vera juice both show positive results in
curing arthritis pain
 Wounds Healing;
 Aloe vera has been considered a natural
healer ever since it was discovered thousands
of years ago. If used externally, it is the best
option for wound dressing. The juice
instantly seals the wound while drawing the
flow of blood to the wound, thus enhancing
the process of wound healing. In many
studies, it has been proven that aloe
effectively treats third-degree burn victims
and it restores the burned skin faster.
 Menstrual Problems
The extract of aloe vera has shown to be an excellent
stimulant of the uterus. Intake of its juice is very
beneficial during painful menstruation
 Gum Diseases
Dental and gum diseases can also be cured by aloe
vera. put some aloe vera powder on the toothbrush,
then brush normally. The aloe vera powder will soothe
the gums and cure any kind of infection or bruises. Aloe
vera juice can also help in keeping gums healthy. Just
gargle the liquid around the mouth before swallowing.
Also, try to increase your intake of vitamin D. Both
these measures will be enough to get gums back in
shape within a few months.
6.AMARANTHUS HYPOCHONDRIACUS
ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME
PRINCES FEATHER MULAI KEERAI
Kingdom Plantae
Subkingdom - Tracheobionta
Superdivision - Spermatophyta
Division - Magnoliophyta
Class - Magnoliopsida
Subclass - Caryophyllidae
Order - Caryophyllales
Family - Amaranthaceae
Genus - Amaranthus L
Habitat;
Amaranth is found in the tropics.
 Parts used: leaves , stem
 Constituents: phytosterols, waxes, terpene
alcohol
 Actions: cooling , appetizer , diuretic ,
antipyretic
 Indications: anaemia , xeropthalmia ,
haemorrhoids, snake bite , urilithiasis ,
menorrhagia , leucorrhoea
Therapeutic Uses;
 -Medical Action and Uses---Some species have
slightly astringent properties, others are
diaphoretics and diuretics, and a few are tonics
and stimulants.
 In ancient Greece, the Amaranth was sacred to
Ephesian Artemis: it was supposed to have
special healing properties and as a symbol of
immortality was used to decorate images of the
gods and tombs. The name, from the Greek
signifying unwithering, was applied to certain
plants which from their lasting for ever, typified
immortality.
 Itis considered astringent and a decoction of
the flowers has been administered in spitting
of blood and various haemorrhages and has
been said to be so energetic that it may be
used in cases of menorrhagia. With several
other species belonging to the closely allied
genus Aeva, natives of India, it has also been
used as an anthelmintic.
bones growth;
 The leaves of Amaranth possess various
minerals such as calcium.It enhances the
strength of bones and also prevents
osteoporosis. Calcium is essential to prevent
bone demineralization.
 Digestion;
Amaranth is high in fiber content which assists in
the digestion and promotes the minerals uptake. It
is gluten free which provides an alternative grain
source for the gluten intolerance of Celiac’s
disease patients.
 Heart health;
The dietary fiber assists to balance the cholesterol
by reducing the bad cholesterol from the
cardiovascular system. Amaranth possess high
amount of Vitamin K which enhances the heart
health.
It also reduces the risk of atherosclerosis. The high
concentration of phytosterols also assists in
reduction of bad cholesterol.
 Varicose veins;
 Amaranth possesses the flavonoids such as rutin
which eradicates the varicose veins by enhancing
the capillary walls. It is also rich in Vitamin C
which is essential for the collagen production,
strengthen and repair the walls of blood vessels.
Eye health
 An adequate amount of Vitamin A and
carotenoids in the leaves of Amaranth helps to
enhance the eye health. These antioxidants
eliminate the chances of macular degeneration
and cataracts. It lowers the oxidative stress in
the ocular system that leads to the healthy and
strong vision.
Prevent birth defects
 Folate is vital for the pregnant mothers
because the deficiency in folate leads to the
neural tube defects in the newborns. One
should add Amaranth grains or leaves to the
diet because it provides an adequate folate.
Helps to lose weight
 The leaves and grains of Amaranth assist in
losing weight by releasing the sated hormone
from the appetite. The dietary fiber makes
to feel for a long time which eliminates the
snack between the meals.
 Hair health
Amaranth possesses lysine which is a rare
amino acid that cannot be produced by the
body. It raises the efficiency of calcium uptake
and strengthens follicles which help to prevent
baldness. The application of leaves juice after
shampoo prevents the hair loss by
strengthening hair.
 7.Asparagus rAcemosus
ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME
RACEMOSUS THANEER VITTAN
KIZHANGU/SHATAVARI
Classification;
 Kingdom - Plantae
 Subkingdom - Tracheobionta
 Division - Magnoliophyta
 Class - Magnoliopsida
 Subclass - Magnoliidae
 Order - Asparagales
 Family - Liliaceae
 Genus - Asparagus
 Species - racemosus
Habitat;
 The plant grows in tropical and subtropical
forests. The plant grows well in light,
medium and heavy soils. It is commonly
found in Asia (the Himalayas Nepal, Pakistan,
India, Sri Lanka), Australia, and also in
Africa. In India, it is found mostly in Kerala,
Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka,
Gujarat, Odisha and West Bengal. Due to
deforestation, the plant is endangered in its
natural habitats.
 Parts used: roots , leaves
 Constituents: saccharine matter , mucilage
 Actions: anti diarrhoetic , refreshing ,
antiemetic , antidysentric , nutritive , tonic ,
demulcent , aphrodisiac , antispasmodic &
gallactogogue
 Indications: diarrhea & colic, dysentry , skin
disease , lack of appetite , rheumatism ,
small box , gonorrhea, spermattorea &
nervous disorders
Therapeutic Uses;
 Lactation and female diseases: Shatavari is known for its
efficiency in relieving female reproductive disorders and
improving secretion of milk in nursing women. It is a
rejuvenating herb which is used to balance hormonal
system, regulate menstruation, decrease morning sickness,
and improve lactation, menopausal symptoms,
leucorrhoea, general sexual weakness and inflammation of
sexual organs.
 Female fertility: Shatavari works effectively in improving
fertility in women. It nourishes and tones the female
reproductive organs and normalizes ovulation. PMS
conditions like loss of blood and pain are also tackled
efficiently by this herb.
 Menopausal symptoms: Shatavari offers relief in
menopausal symptoms like hot flushes. It influences the
production of estrogen especially in women who are in
their menopausal stage or underwent hysterectomies.
 Male reproductive system: Not only women, but
male reproductive system is also benefited from
the use of Shatavari. It can be used to improve
sexual debility, spermatorrhoea, impotence and
inflammation of sexual organs.
 Candida: Shatavari increases the white blood
cells and stimulates macrophages to fight against
candida disorder.
 Gastro intestinal problems: Shatavari is useful
in relieving ulcerative disorders related to
stomach and Parinama sula, a disorder similar to
the duodenal ulcer. The juice of the fresh root
gives relief and relieves duodenal ulcers.
 Other uses: Shatavari has anti-inflammatory
properties and is used to relieve infections
like dysentery and cystitis. It is also useful to
relieve bladder infections and as an antacid.
It has cooling effect and relieves chronic
fevers, inflamed membranes of lungs,
rheumatism, kidney, stomach and sexual
organs. It is beneficial as a nervine tonic.
 8.AZADIRACHTA INDICA
ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME

NEEM TREE VEMBU/VEPPA

MARAM
Classification
 Kingdom – Plantae
 Division – Magnoliophyta
 Class – Magnoliopsida
 Order – Sapindales
 Genus – Azadirachta
 Species – A. indica
 Family – Meliaceae
 Habitat: The neem tree is believed to be
originally native to Sri Lanka, India, Pakistan,
and Burma.
 It is now cultivated and has become naturalized
in many other tropical countries including
Malaysia, Indonesia, Australia and West Africa.
 It’s not only grown for its medicinal applications
but also as an ornamental tree, to provide shade
and for fuel and timber.
 Neem is both drought resistant and can grow in
poor soil, and it is highly resistant to pests and
diseases
 Parts used : root , bark , fruit , berry ,
seeds,flowers,oil,leaves & gum
 Constituents : nimbinin,nimbidin,resin , tannin,
 Action : Bark - cathartic & emetic ,
Root & Bark - emetic & resolvent, large doses-
narcotic,
Flowers & Leaves-emmengogue & resolvent ,
Leaves-antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal,
antihelminthic,antilithic , diuretic &
emmenogogue ,
Decoction - astringent & stomachic
 Indications: headache , leprosy , scrofulla ,
rheumatism , spleen enlargement
Benefits of Neem
 Supports healthy skin and a clear complexion
 Bolsters the immune system
 Supports healthy blood sugar levels already
in the normal range
 Supports a healthy digestive environment in
the GI tract
 Encourages proper fat and water metabolism
 Supports a clear breathing and a healthy
respiratory system
 Soothes and lubricates the skin (external use)
Internal Uses
 Neem is known to have antipyretic properties
and it has been used traditionally for a long time
to lower high fever.
 It is used as a treatment for a high fever caused
by malaria and often used in combination with
black pepper (Piper nigrum) and gentian root
(Gentiana lutea) in that regard.
 An extract obtained from the leaves or bark has
both antibacterial and antiviral effect, with
little or no toxicity.
 The extract has been used internally as a
treatment for asthma, sore throat, tuberculosis,
eczema, jaundice, stomach ulcers, diabetes,
arthritis, and rheumatism
 The bark is bitter and has astringent
properties and a decoction made from it can
be used as a remedy for hemorrhoids.
 The herb has also been used to eliminate
unwanted intestinal parasites, and as an
anti-fungal agent for Candida.
 In addition, it is sometimes used to treat
hepatitis A and B, and “mono” or “the kissing
disease” (mononucleosis), caused by the
Epstein-Barr virus.
 Studies have shown that the neem oil does
have anti-inflammatory and bactericidal
properties and that it, at least to some
extent, can be used to reduce high fever and
lower high blood sugar.
 A volatile (unstable) portion of the oil has
demonstrated, in laboratory experiments, a
potent spermicidal activity and is now being
studied as a possible contraceptive for men
and women.
 External Use;
 Neem is considered useful bacterial, viral and
fungicidal agent mainly because of the presence of
limonoids and the seed oil and extracts from the
leaves are widely used as a treatment for a variety of
skin related ailments.
 The oil has astringent and anti-inflammatory
properties which can make it helpful in the healing of
wounds and other minor skin injuries and to ease
muscle and joint pain.
 A juice, or an extract from the leaves, can also be
used externally on wounds, boils, rashes, acne,
ringworm, chicken pox, herpes, eczema and
psoriasis, and as eye drops it can be used to treat
night blindness (Nyctalopia) and pink
eye (conjunctivitis).
 The branches can be chewed on to clean the teeth,
strengthen the gums and prevent gum inflammation.
 A variety of substances with non-toxic insecticidal
effects are also found in the leaves and the seed oil
of the neem tree. The oil is used as a mosquito
repellent and to get rid of head lice, both in adults
and children.
 Some studies have shown that neem can be used as a
treatment for scabies, a skin condition causes by a
specific mite (Sarcoptes scabie). In one trial, 98% of
people suffering from scabies was cured by applying a
preparation made from neem and turmeric on the
afflicted areas.
 Since neem also helps to kill bacteria and fungi, it is
often used as an ingredient in toothpaste, soaps and
skin care products.
 9. BENINCASA HISPIDA
ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME
ASH PUMPKIN SAMBAL POOSANI
Classification
 Kingdom - Plantae
 Subkingdom - Tracheobionta
 Superdivision - Spermatophyta
 Division - Magnoliophyta
 Class - Magnoliopsida
 Subclass - Dilleniidae
 Order - Violales
 Family - Cucurbitaceae
Habitat
 White Pumpkin grows in plains and hills to an
altitude of 1,204 meters in India. Their
production is occur mainly in warm
countries. It is in Europe and America since
roman era. It is found in India, Ceylon and
Burma.
 In India it cultivates all over the country but
mostly found in Punjab and Uttar Pradesh. It
is cultivated for its fruits. Seeds are sown
during the month of February. The fruits are
ready in 3-6 month period.
 Parts used: fruit
 Constituents: cucurbitine , myocin , vitamin
B&C
 Actions: diuretic , antihelminthic ,
aphrodisiac , anti inflammatory , anti
cancerous , demulcent
 Indications: acid peptic disease , urinary
tract disease , appendicitis , arthritis ,
obesity , dehydration , epilepsy , diabetes ,
dysuria , impotence
Theraputic Uses;
 Ash gourd is beneficial for diabetic patients
and obese persons.
 The cooling property of the juice induces
relief in acidity and peptic ulcers.
 Ash gourd is known to stabilize nerve cells
and combat general debility.
 Ash gourd seeds are anabolic and hence
promote tissue growth.
 It eliminates constipation and soothes the
gastrointestinal tract.
 Ash gourd has several reliever properties. It
has low calories making it a suitable edible
item for obese and diabetic people. It has
cooling effect and works as a laxative. Its
relieving properties make it one of the most
commonly used herbal remedy for various
problems.
 Ash gourd is useful in flushing out toxins from
the body. It increases the urine output and is
beneficial in reducing inflammation.
Therapeutic Uses;
 Free radicals
Vitamin C is an antioxidant which prevents the damage
caused by free radicals, pollutants and toxic elements.
Free radicals are formed in the body when the food is
break down or when exposed to the tobacco, smoke or
radiation. The build up of free radicals contributes to
the health ailments such as heart disease, cancer and
arthritis.
 Flu and cold
Vitamin C promotes the immunity function of the body
which prevents from the viruses of cold and flu. The
evidence shows that the presence of Vitamin C in the
Winter melon reduces the chances of lung infections
and pneumonia.
Stroke
 The study of American Journal of Clinical
Nutrition shows that the people who intake
adequate amount of Vitamin C, their chances of
stroke was reduced by 42%. Winter melon
possesses Vitamin C by 19.11% which helps to
reduce the risk of stroke.
Migraine
 Vitamin B2 deals the headaches caused by
migraines. It is shown that the frequency of
migraines, pain and symptoms is reduced with
the intake of Vitamin B2 which is also found in
Winter melon. It also shortens the duration of
migraine headaches
Eye health
 The studies show that the eye problems are
related to the deficiency of riboflavin.
Vitamin B2 forbids the eye ailments such as
keratoconus, cataracts and glaucoma. The
research shows the correlation between the
consumption of riboflavin and reduces in the
eye disorders.
Energy level
 Vitamin B2 is required for proper functioning of
nerve, brain, digestive and hormones. The absence of
Vitamin B2 leads to the improper digestion of
protein, fat and carbohydrate foods. So, it is
essential for the repair and growth of body. It
converts the nutrients into the energy which provides
the healthy metabolism

Digestive health
 The dietary fiber in Winter melon enhances the
digestive function. It allows the stool and bulk to
pass through the digestive system. It forbids the
digestive diseases such as colon cancer, diverticulitis
and inflammatory bowel.
Maintains the cognitive function
 Iron helps to transport the oxygen to the
brain which supports the brain function. The
fact is that brain uses the 20% of the oxygen
in the body. The deficiency of iron results in
the mental problems and harms the memory.
The deficiency of iron may cause the
learning difficulties in the infants and
children
Traditional uses
 Used to treat the nervous disorders and epilepsy.
 uses Winter Melon to cure peptic ulcers.
 used to treat the health ailments such as
gastrointestinal problems, dyspepsia, and
asthma, burning sensation, heart diseases,
cough, ulcers, diabetes mellitus, urinary diseases
and gastrointestinal problems.
 In Sri Lanka, it is also used to antidote the
vegetable poisons and also treats hiccough,
asthma, insanity, cholera, anthelmintic,
delicacies, cough and diabetes. The people of
Korea use it to treat diuresis diseases and
diabetic compilations.
 10. CALENDULA OFFICINALIS
ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME
POT MARIGOLD SEVANTHI
Classification
 Kingdom - Plantae
 Order - Cucurbitales
 Family – Cucurbitaceae
 Subfamily – cucurbitoideae
 Tribe – Benincaseae
 Subtribe - Benincasenaie
 Parts used: whole plant
 Constituents: leucine(80 %) , terphenoid , β –
carotein , xanthecine , saponins & resin
 Action: analgesic , antiseptic , anti
inflammatory , disinfectant & cosmetic
 Indications: cuts & wounds, skin care, acne,
oral care, eye vision
 Flower: Flowers form 4–7 cm (1.6–3 in.) wide, single
flower-like capitula surrounded by involucral bracts.
Capitulum’s yellow–orange–reddish yellow ray-florets
tongue-like, 3-toothed at tip; disk florets yellow–
brownish, tubular, small (sometimes all flowers
tongue-like). Stamens 5. Gynoecium composed of 2
fused carpels. Involucral bracts 2 rows, virtually
linear. Capitula solitary, terminating the stem.
 Leaves: Alternate, stalked–stalkless, lower stalks
winged, upper leaves amplexicaul. Blade narrowly
obovate–narrowly elliptic, roundish–gently tapering
tip, with entire margins–sparsely toothed, hairy.
 Fruit: Long-beaked or curved, spine-backed achene.
Therapeutic Uses;
 Calendula is a salty, bittersweet herb which
stimulates gall bladder, liver and uterus. It
clears infections, soothes digestive system
and is good for heart. Calendula also works
well for inflammation on the skin, controls
bleeding and relieves damaged tissue fast. It
is very effective in relieving wounds and
stimulates granulation tissue development. It
has estrogenic and stimulant properties.
INTERNAL USE
 It shows spasmolytic and anti-inflammatory
effects and is used for relieving small ulcers
and inflammation in the throat and mouth.
 Calendula is used for improving digestion and
stimulating the production of bile juice
which relieves gastric ulcers and also
regulates menstrual disorders.
 In folk medicine it has been used to relieve
hepatitis, ulcers, swollen glands, pelvic
inflammatory disease and menstrual
problems.
EXTERNAL USE
 It is used to relieve eczema, conjunctivitis,
herpes, yeast infections, ringworms,
gingivitis, varicose veins, athlete’s foot,
minor injuries and other skin problems.
 Calendula is effective in relieving cradle cap,
nappy rash in babies and cracked, sore
nipples among nursing mothers.
 It efficiently relieves slow relieving wounds,
eczema, burns, dry skin ad hemorrhoids.
 The saponins in Calendula have humectants
properties and are ideal to relieve irritated,
dehydrated, delicate and irritated skin.
 As carotenoids are present, it shows re-
epithelizing properties useful in wound
relieving, general relieving, eczemas and
aging symptoms.
 Salicyclic acid present in Calendula has anti-
oxidizing and antimicrobial properties which
are useful in relieving infections like acne.
 11. CaRica papaya
ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME
PAPAYA PAPALLI
Classification;

Kingdom - Plantae – Plants

Subkingdom - Tracheobionta – Vascular plants
Superdivision - Spermatophyta– Seed plants
Division - Magnoliophyta – Flowering plants
Class - Magnoliopsida– Dicotyledons
Subclass - Dilleniidae
Order - Violales
Family - Caricaceae– Papaya family
Genus - Carica L.– papaya
Species - Carica papaya L. – papaya
 Parts used : milky juice , seed , pulp
 Constituents : papain , resin , albuminoids ,
pectin , litric , tartaric , malic acid
Seed – caricin
Leaf – carpaine & carbocide
 Actions : laxative , diuretic ,antihelmenthic ,
digestive , alterative , decay of muscular
fibre
 Indications: dyspepsia , diphtheria , ulcer ,
diarrhoea , albuminuria , piles , dyspepsia ,
spleenomegaly & hepatomegaly
Therapeutic Uses;
 Urinary troubles: Juice of papaya roots is effective
in relieving urinary complaints.
 Intestinal worms: An infusion made by fresh papaya
leaves is used for eliminating worms from the
intestine.
 Constipation: Ripe papaya fruit works like a laxative.
It helps to digest the food properly and helps in
regular bowel movements.
 Fever: Powdered dried seeds when mixed with
vinegar are used for application on the skin to reduce
fever.
 Indigestion: The milky juice which comes out from
the unripe fruit on the tree is used for reducing
indigestion.
 Dyspepsia: For relieving dyspepsia, a
decoction with the external parts of roots of
papaya is made.
 Wounds: Papaya peel can be applied on
wounds to fasten relieving. Skin ointments
are made from papaya.
 Infections: Papaya helps to strengthen the
immune system of the body and helps to
fight infections.
 Toothache: The bark and leaf extracts are
effective in relieving gums and teeth
problems.
 Parasitic worms: Papain which is found in papaya
helps in eliminating intestinal parasites from the
stomach efficiently.
 Arthritis: As papaya possesses anti-inflammatory
properties, it can relieve the severity of
osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
 Other Uses: After antibiotic management, eating
papaya helps to replenish good bacteria in the
stomach which was destroyed by the antibiotics.
 Consuming papaya after a meal encourages proper
digestion, prevents indigestion and bloating.
 It reduces the inflammation in the body, reduces the
pain and edema caused by injuries.
 Because of the antioxidant properties, papaya
controls cholesterol.
 12. CARUM CARVI
ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME
MERIDIAN FENNEL/ PERIYA SOMBU/SIYA
CARRAWAY SEED JEERA
Classification
 Botanical name - Carum carvi
 Kingdom - Plantae
 Sub kingdom -Viridiplantae
 Division - Tracheophyta
 Class - Magnoliopsida
 Genus - Carum
 Species - Carvi
 Order - Apiales
 Family - Umbelliferae
Habitat
 This plant grows in north Himalayan regions.
It is cultivated in plains during cold season
and in hills like Kashmir, Chamba, Garhwal as
summer crop at 3000-4000 meters attitude.
 Parts used: stem, seed
 Constituents: acetaldehyde, cumuninic
aldehyde, furfurol, carvone, limonene
 Actions: immune builders , appetiser ,
antiseptic , antispasmodic , anti helminthic ,
expectorant , diuretic , carminative ,
emmunogogue , galactogogue , tonic.
 Indications: asthma , bronchitis ,
constipation , hyperactivity ,
dysmenorrhoea, hypertension, renal failure
Therapeutic Uses;
 Acid reflux. Caraway is found to be effective in
treating acid reflux when used in combination
with peppermint oil, including symptoms of
fullness and mild gastrointestinal spasms.
 Stomach problems. Caraway is valued for its
medicinal health benefits for the digestive
conditions such as dyspepsia, colic and
flatulence. Carawy is also effective in improving
symptoms of upset stomach, fullness, stomach
cramping and spasms, nausea, and vomiting.
 Stimulates appetite. Caraway was also used to
stimulate appetite improve digestion and
promote good health.
 Boostsimmune system. Caraway has been
used to improve and strengthen the immune
system against diseases.

Respiratory problems. Caraway tea has been

used to improve the symptoms of asthma and
other repiratory problems such as cough,
bronchitis and colds.
 Menstruation. Caraway can improve the
start and improve the the flow of
menstruation and alleviate symptoms
associated with it.
 Promotes milk production in nursing
mothers. In some cultures, Caraway tea is
taken by nursing mothers to improve the
flow of milk while nursing their babies.
 Improves eye sight. Indian traditional
medical system suggests the use of Caraway
seeds taken twice a day to improve eye
sight.
 Mouth problems. Caraway is used to
alleviate toothache and sore throat. A
decoction of warm caraway can be gargled
twice a day.
13. CHAMAEMELUM NOBILE
ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME
CHAMAMEIL/ANTHE
MIS NOBILIS
Classification

Kingdom: Plantae

Clade: Angiosperms

Clade: Eudicots

Clade: Asterids

Order: Asterales

Family: Asteraceae

Genus: Chamaemelum

Species: C. nobile
 Parts used: flower, leaves
 Constituents: chamamulene,b-cineole,b-
pinene,terpinen
 Action: anti inflammatery, anti septic & anti
fungal
 Indications : Rhumatoid arthritis,
lumbago,skin rashes & allergies,
haemorrhoids, mental stress & insomnia,
 As a tea, be used for lumbago, rheumatic
problems and rashes.
 As a salve, be used for hemorrhoids and wounds.
 As a vapor, be used to alleviate cold symptoms or
asthma.
 Relieve restlessness, teething problems, and
colic in children.
 Relieve allergies, much as an antihistamine
would.
 Aid in digestion when taken as a tea after meals.
 Relieve morning sickness during pregnancy.
 Speed healing of skin ulcers, wounds, or
burns.
 Treat gastritis and ulcerative colitis.
 Be used as a wash or compress for skin
problems and inflammations, including
inflammations of mucous tissue.
 Promote general relaxation and relieve
stress.
14.CATHARANTHUS ROSEUS
ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME
MADAGASAR ROSY NITHYA KALYANI
 Kingdom: Plantae
Classification;
Clade: Angiosperms

Clade: Eudicots

Clade: Asterids

Order: Gentianales

Family: Apocynaceae

Genus: Catharanthus

Species: C. roseus
 Parts used: leaves, flower, fruit & root
 Constituents: alkaloids, rosinidine,
limonene,phytol & hexadecanoic acid,
 Actions: stimulant, cathartic, anticancerous
antibacterial, antipyretic & stomachic,
 Indications :diabetes, malaria, hodgkin’s
lymphoma
Therapeutic Uses;
 It decreases blood pressure and reduces
excitement.
 It is also proved anti-diabetic.
 It is used as an anticancer agent. It is most
effective for the treatment of lung cancer.
 It is used for the treatment of Leukaemia.
 It cures various skin diseases such as acne, eczema
and dermatitis. Use Pure aloe vera, soothing gel for
healthy skin.
 It is also useful for the treatment of nose bleeding,
gum bleeding as well as treatment of bleeding
hemorrhoids.
 The extract of the plant is also useful for an eye
infection and irritation of the eyes.
 It regularizes bleeding problem for women.
 It is also useful for the treatment of mouth ulcer.
 The extract gives comfort during the depression,
headache, nausea and fatigue.
 Vinca is also useful for the treatment of malaria.
 It is also useful for the treatment of Asthma
 It also stops bleeding from the wound
directly.
 Vinca also gives comfort from infection and
swelling.
 The plant is used against insect bites.
 It is diuretic in nature and increases urine.
 Ithas antibacterial and antiviral property.
 The Vinca plant extract is useful for the
treatment of dysentery and diarrhoea.
 The medicine prepared from the alkaloid of
this Catharanthus roseus plant is used for the
treatment of Hodgkin’s lymphoma in
children.
 The flower petals and seeds have antioxidant
property
 15. CINCHONA OFFICINALIS
ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME
PERUVIAN BARK CINCHONA
Classification;
Kingdom: Plantae

Clade: Angiosperms

Clade: Eudicots

Clade: Asterids

Order: Gentianales

Family: Rubiaceae

Subfamily: Cinchonoideae

Tribe: Cinchoneae

Genus: Cinchona
L.
 Parts used : dried branch of the stem & branches
 Constituents : quinine , cinchonine , hydroquinine ,
quinidine & cinchonidine and acids such as chini acid,
chinovic acid , cincho – tannic acid & volatile oil
 Actions: tonic, stomachic, astringent, febrifuge,
antimalarial, antiprotozoal &antispasmodic,
 Indications : plague , flatulence , eructation , cardiac
ganglia , arterial tension , putrefactive
decomposition , uterine stimulant , lessens body
heat, narcotic , local anaesthetic , convulsion ,
spasm , collapse , deliriam condition , malaria,
paralysis , automicity & tonus of uterus , small box ,
septic fever , pneumonia , sore throat , cystitis ,
abscess , cavities & ulcer dyspepsia , catarrh &
convalescence
Therapeutic Uses;
 1) This herb often acts as an anti-fever agent
and can be useful for the treatment and
prevention of malaria.
 2) Its bark is an essential component in
natural medicines, and can be used as a
digestive stimulant and a tonic for the
remedy of illnesses like indigestion
 3) The herb is utilized by some herbalists in
South America for treating various kinds of liver
cancer, breast cancer, mesenteric cancer, and
cancer of the other glands and spleen. Besides
this, it is also used for treating amoebic
infections, dysentery, dyspepsia, diarrhea,
temperature, lumbago, malaria, pneumonia,
sciatica, varicose veins, hangovers and even
typhoid.
 4) In the European natural medicine systems,
cinchona bark can be used as a bitter tonic,
antimalarial, antiprotozoal, antispasmodic, and
as a fever reducer. It’s also useful for managing
irregular heartbeats, anemia, leg cramps, and as
an anesthetic in some situations
 5)Generally, the herb can be categorized as
a superb analgesic, anesthetic,
antiarrhythmic, antibacterial, antimalarial,
antimicrobial, antiparasitic, antipyretic,
antiseptic, antispasmodic, antiviral,
astringent, bactericide, cytotoxic, febrifuge,
fungicide, insecticide, nervine, and
stomachic
16. Cinnamomum ZYLANICUM
Zeylanicum
ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME
CINNAMON LAVANKA PATTAI
 Classification
 Kingdom: Plantae
 Phylum: Magnoliophyta
 Class: Magnoliopsida
 Order: Laurales
 Family: Lauraceae
 Genus: Cinnamomum
 Species: Zeylanicum
Habitat
 This herb is native to Sri Lanka. It is also
found wild in the southern coastal region i.e.
Western Ghats and adjoining hills of western
India.
 Besides India this herb is also cultivated in
Java, Sumatra, Mauritius, Guyana, Borneo,
and in South America, West Indies etc.
 Parts used: dried inner bark of shoots from
truncated stalk & e.oil
 Constituents: volatile oil , cinnamic acid,tannin ,
resin & mannit
 Actions: carminative , anti spasmodic ,aromatic ,
stimulant , hemostatic , astringent , antiseptic ,
stomachic , germicide , vascular , nervine
stimulant , irritant , narcotic poison
 Indications : dyspepsia , flatulence , diarrhoea ,
vomitting , astringent , menorrhagia , tedious
labour , cramps of stomach , enteralgia ,
toothache & paralysis of tongue , nausea ,
neuralgia , gonorrhoea , typhoid fever , cancer ,
influenza
Therapeutc Uses;
 Soothing an upset stomach: Cinnamon extracts are
popularly used to relieve gastrointestinal problems.
This carminative agent helps in breaking up the
intestinal gas that is known to combat morning
sickness as well as diarrhea. Cinnamon helps in
comforting stomach problem by relieving mild
abdominal pains caused because of excessive gas
formation.
 Clears up the Urinary Tract and relieves infections:
According to a German study cinnamon suppresses
the growth of Escherichia Coli Bacteria that is
responsible for urinary infections.
 Relieves Diabetes: Cinnamon helps in controlling
diabetes by regulating the sugar levels in the blood.
 Aids Digestion: Cinnamon has compounds
that are called catechins which help in
relieving the problem of nausea. The oil from
the bark of the cinnamon tree helps in
breaking down the fat in the body and
ensures a better digestive system.
 Helps in relieving Pain: Cinnamon is known
to have prostaglandin inhibiting actions that
work as to relieve pain
 Relieves Cold as well as Flu: In India and Europe
Cinnamon has been traditionally prescribed for
relieving cold conditions. A combination of
Cinnamon and Ginger stimulates blood
circulation especially to the fingers and toes.
This property of the tree helps in conditions of
acute arthritis.
 Used as a mouth freshener.
 Cinnamon also relieves acute cases of headache.
 A paste of cinnamon and fresh lime juice is
applied on pimples to relieve the condition of
acne.
 17. Citrus aurantifolia
(lime)
ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME
ACID LIME NAARATHAI
Classification Kingdom: Plantae

(unranked): Angiosperms

(unranked): Eudicots

(unranked): Rosids

Order: Sapindales

Family: Rutaceae

Genus: Citrus
Species: C. ×
aurantiifolia
 Parts used: fruits , juice , oil , leaves , flowers
 Constituents: juice: citric acid , malic acid ,
phosphoric acid , sugar , mucillage & potassium
citrate
lemon peel: volatile oil & hesperidin
 Actions: refrigerant , antiscorbutic , germicide &
fermentation
 Indications : catarract , dry skin , thirst ,
haemorrhage (lungs , stomach,bowels,uterus,kidney)
rheumatism , scurvy , influenza , pneumonia ,
hysterical palpitation of heart , heart burn,lumbago,
neuralgia , sciatica , gout , scorbutic , ulceration of
mouth , sponginess of gum , cholera , malaria ,
dandruff , warts , tumor , enlargement of spleen
 Treats Arthritis – Arthritis is caused due to the
accumulation of excess uric acid in the body.
This uric acid is a waste product that is normally
removed through urination. But when excess uric
acid builds up, it worsens the pain and
inflammation of arthritis. The citric acid found
in citrus fruits like limes dissolves the uric acid,
causing the elimination of greater amounts
through urine. Lime also possesses anti-
inflammatory properties that can help ease pain
and inflammation.
 Helps with Constipation – Primarily, the
ample amount of acids present in lime helps
clear the excretory system by washing and
cleaning off the tracts, just as some acids
are used to clean floors and toilets. The
roughage in lime is also helpful in easing
constipation, but the most beneficial
element is the high acidity. An overdose of
lime juice with salt also acts as an excellent
purgative without any side effects, thereby
providing relief from constipation.
 Improves Digestion – The refreshing
fragrance of lime can make your mouth
water even before consuming it. The acids
present in this fruit facilitate smoother
digestion by breaking the macro molecules of
food. Flavonoids are compounds found in the
fragrant oil extracted from lime. These
compounds stimulate the digestive system by
increasing the secretion of digestive juices,
bile, and acids.
 TreatsRespiratory Disorders – The
flavonoid-rich oil that is extracted from limes
is extensively used in anti-congestive
medicines such as balms, vaporizers, and
inhalers due to the presence of Kaempferol.
Just scratching the peel of a lime and
inhaling it gives immediate relief for
congestion and nausea.
 Helps in Weight Loss – Lime benefits weight
loss. The juice has been traditionally used in
several weight reduction programs and is a
great refresher and antioxidant drink. Lime
juice is naturally sweet but extremely low in
calories. It contains citric acid, which is an
excellent fat burner. To lose weight, add 1-2
teaspoons of honey and the juice of a fresh
lime to 8 ounces of warm water. Drink it
early in the morning on empty stomach to
get beneficial results within a week
 The fruit juice is used to increase stamina, treat
dysfunctional uterine bleeding.
 The juice is used to control epistaxis and given
in its pure form as a remedy for athralgia,
diabetes and atherosclerosis.
 The diluted form is good as mouth wash for sore
mouth and sorethroat.
 The leaves as a poultice is applied over the head
to relieve headache while a decoction is
considered a tonic and is used in the treatment
of hypertension and common cold.
 A decoction of the flower is believed to help
induce sleep for those with insomnia
 18. Citrus aurentium
(orange) TAMIL NAME
ENGLISH NAME
SWEET ORANGE KICHALI PAZHAM
Kingdom: Plantae

(unranked): Angiosperm
s
(unranked): Eudicots

(unranked): Rosids

Order: Sapindales

Family: Rutaceae

Genus: Citrus
Species: C. ×
aurantium
 Parts used: rind , flower & volatile oil , distilled
from fresh flower
 Constituents: volatile oil , turpentine , limonene
, aurantiamarin , tannin , terpentene & levulose
 Actions: aromatic , stomachic , tonic , astringent
, mild carminative , antiscorbutic , anti
spasmodic & refrigerant,
 Indications : Anorexia , cough , bronchitis ,
dysentry , diabetes , liver & heart troubles ,
anaemia , vomitting , preventing worms ,
flatulence , ecezma , nervous & hysterical cases,
rheumatism & psoriasis
Fruit
 The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant
properties of orange consumption are useful
in the prevention of chronic illness and have
been shown to reduce neurotoxicity when
consumed regularly.
 Drinking the juice of red (blood oranges)
every day for seven days improved
endothelial (arterial wall) function, reducing
the risk for atherosclerosis and heart disease.
This effect was attributed to its antioxidant
and anti-inflammatory properties.
Orange peel extract
 Dried sweet orange peel and dried ripe (and unripe) fruits
of Seville (bitter) orange are ancient Chinese remedies.
They are used for indigestion (the primary indication is to
relieve heartburn), stubborn coughs and anal and uterine
prolapses, also for treating shock in higher doses. Orange
peel extract has improved the circulation of blood through
the heart and cerebral tissue.
 The dried peel of the common orange (Citrus sinensis) was
shown to reduce thyroid overactivity, lower blood glucose
and stimulate insulin as well as reducing lipid (fat)
peroxidation, indicating a potential for use in
hyperthyroidism and diabetes.
 Orange peel is a rich source of flavonoids, compounds that
are associated with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and
anti-tumour activities
 Only the peel of bitter orange has proven
medicinal value, mainly for digestive
problems and a few other health concerns.
 The plant has a complex chemical makeup.
Of particular value is the oil that is extracted
from the peel of the fruit.
 The oil has bitter orange color, a strong odor
and flavor and is used as a remedy for a
variety of health problems.
 The peel contains flavones, the alkaloids
synephrine, octopamine, and N-
methyltyramine and carotenoids.
 In folk medicine the flower of the herb is
also used for treatment of gastrointestinal
disorders, nervousness
and insomnia, gout and sore throat, and
even for obesity.
 In Chinese (Oriental) medicine, the flower of
the bitter orange is used to increase appetite
and to ease chest and stomach pain and
vomiting.
 19. Citrus lImon
(lemon) TAMIL NAME
ENGLISH NAME
LEMON PERIYA ELUMICHAI
Classification
 Kingdom - Plantae
 Division - Magnolophyta
 Class - Magnoliopsida
 Order – Spanidales
 Family – Rutaceae
 Genus – Citrus
 Species - Limon
Habitat
 This plant cultivated largely in Andra Pradesh,
Maharashtra, Tamilnadu, Gujarat, Rajasthan,
Bihar and Goa. Lemons grown in Goa have
limited extent in homestead gardens. Limes are
accessible throughout the year in some part or
the other in our country.
 Lime and lemon may be planted in medium
black, loamy or alluvial soils with perfect
drainage and lacking calcium carbonate layer.
 Best suited Areas for growing limes is with dry
climate and low rainfall.
 Parts used: rinds of ripe fruit , e.oil , juice
 Constituents: volatile oil , citric acid
 Actions: carminative , aromatic , stomachic ,
antiscorbutic , anti alkaline , refrigerant ,
febrifuge , vermifuge
 Indications : opthalmia , leprosy , skin
disease , acne , sciatica , lumbago , pain in
hips & joints , scabies , plague , dyspepsia
(vomitting) , sore throat
Therapeutic Uses;
 Indigestion and Constipation: Lemon juice helps
to cure problems related to indigestion and
constipation. Add a few drops of lemon on your
dish (take care, it does not go well with milk),
and it will aid in digestion. It acts as a blood
purifier and a cleansing agent, so a good drink
after lunch or dinner is fresh lemon soda, which
is also called fresh lime soda in many places. The
recipe is lemon juice, cold water,
soda, salts (common salt or rock salt)
and sugar/honey for sweetness. You can also add
some mint leaves or crushed fennel seeds for
added flavor. Drink this whenever you have
a heavy lunch or dinner.
 Fever: Lemon juice can treat a person who is
suffering from a cold, flu or fever. It helps to
break fevers by increasing perspiration.
 Dental Care: It is also frequently used in
dental care. If fresh lemon juice is applied
on the area of a toothache, it can assist in
getting rid of the pain. Massaging the juice
on the gums can stop gum bleeding, while
eliminating the bad odors that can come
from various gum diseases and conditions.
 Hair Care: Lemon juice has proven itself in the
treatment of hair care on a wide scale. The juice
applied to the scalp can treat problems like dandruff,
hair loss and other problems related to the hair and
scalp. If you apply this juice directly on the hair, it
can give your hair a natural shine.
 Skin Care: Lemon juice, being a natural antiseptic
medicine, can also cure problems related to the skin.
The juice can be applied to reduce the pain of sun
burns, and it helps to ease the pain from bee stings
as well. It is also good for acne and eczema. It acts as
an anti-aging remedy and can remove wrinkles and
blackheads. Drinking its juice mixed with water and
honey brings a healthy glow to the skin
 Burns: Use lemon juice on the site of old burns
can help fade the scars, and since lemon is a
cooling agent, it reduces the burning sensation
on the skin when you currently have an irritating
burn.
 Internal Bleeding: It has antiseptic and
coagulant properties, so it can stop internal
bleeding. You can apply lemon juice to a small
cotton ball and place it inside your nose to stop
nose bleeds.
 Weight Loss: If a person drinks lemon juice
mixed with lukewarm water and honey, it can
help reduce body weight.
 Respiratory Disorders: Lemon juice assists in
relieving respiratory problems and breathing
problems, such as its ability to soothe a person
suffering from an asthma attack. Being a rich
source of vitamin C, it helps in dealing with
more long-term respiratory disorders as well.
 Cholera: Diseases like cholera and malaria can
be treated with lemon juice, because it acts as a
blood purifier.
 Foot Relaxation: Lemon is an aromatic and
antiseptic agent and is useful in foot relaxation.
Add some its juice to warm water and dip your
feet in the mixture for instant relief and muscle
relaxation.
 Rheumatism: It is also a diuretic and can
treat rheumatism and arthritis. It helps to
flush out bacteria and toxins from the body.
 Corns: Lemon juice can dissolve lumps on
the skin, so it can be applied at the places
where the skin has hardened up, like the
soles of feet and the palms of your hands.
Drinking it with water can help patients
reduce gall stones for the same reasons.
 20. Citrus reticulata
(Tangerine)TAMIL NAME
ENGLISH NAME
MANDARIAN ORANGE KAMALA ORANGE
Kingdom: Plantae

Clade: Angiosperms

Clade: Eudicots

Clade: Rosids

Order: Sapindales

Family: Rutaceae

Genus: Citrus

Species: C. reticulata
 Parts used: fruit
 Constituents: citronellal , nesol , limonene ,
camphene , geranial
 Actions: antiseptic , cytophylactic,sedative ,
tonic , anti spasmodic , stomachic &
carminative
 Indications : flatulence , diarrhoea ,
constipation , stretch marks & oedema
Therapeutic Uses;
 Immune system
Most citrus fruits have a good deal of vitamin C, and
oranges have high levels . Vitamin C protects cells by
scavenging and neutralizing free radicals.
Not only may oranges help reduce the risk of chronic
conditions, but they may also boost a person's immunity
when dealing with everyday viruses and infections like
the common cold.
 Skin
Vitamin C also helps keep skin looking beautiful, by
helping fight against skin damage caused by the sun and
pollution. It is vital to collagen production and may
help reduce wrinkles and improve the skin's overall
texture,
Cholesterol
 All the fiber in oranges may help lower cholesterol
levels, because it picks up
excess cholesterol compounds in the gut and pushes
them out in the elimination process.
Heart disease
 Oranges contain vitamin C, fiber, potassium and
choline, which are all good for your heart, so the
fruits may give your ticker a big boost.
 Potassium, an electrolyte mineral, is vital for
allowing electricity to flow through your body, which
keeps your heart beating. Lack of potassium can lead
to arrhythmia, an irregular heartbeat.
 oranges are "high in folate, which is beneficial in
lowering levels of homocysteine, a cardiovascular risk
factor."
Diabetes
 Oranges are high in fiber, which can help lower
blood sugar levels in people with type 1
diabetes and improve blood sugar, lipids and
insulin levels in people with type 2 diabetes.
Digestion and weight loss
 Oranges are high in fiber, which aids in digestion
by keeping you regular. It is also good for weight
loss.
 "Oranges are a low-fat, nutrient-rich food with a
low glycemic index, which make it an ideal food
to consume to protect against obesity,
Vision
 Oranges are vitamin A rich. This nutrient
contains carotenoid compounds like lutein, beta-
carotene and zeaxanthin, which can help
prevent age-related macular degeneration, an
incurable condition that blurs central vision.
 Vitamin A also helps your eyes absorb light, and
it improves night vision. Furthermore,
the American Optometric Association reports
that vitamin C can help reduce the risk of
cataracts and may slow the progression of
macular degeneration.
 21. Coriandrum sativum
ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME
CORIANDAR KOTHAMALLI
Classification
 Kingdom - Plantae
 Division - Magnoliophyta
 Class - Magnoliopsida
 Order - Apiales
 Family - Apiaceae
 Genus - Coriandrum
 Species - sativum
Habitat
 It is also widely cultivated in India,
Bangladesh, China & England.
 In India, it is found especially in Rajasthan,
Tamil Nadu, Punjab, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar,
Maharashtra and Karnataka.
 It is widely distributed in Italy, central,
Eastern Europe and Mediterranean areas like
in Egypt and Morocco.
 Ukraine is one of the major essential oil
production country.
 Parts used: fruit , leaves, seeds
 Constituents: coriandrol , geraniol & barborneol
, volatile oil , albuminoids & tannin
 Actions: aromatic , stimulant , carminative ,
stomachic , antibiotic , refrigerant , diuretic &
aphrodiasic
 Indications : flatulent , rheumatism , neuralgia ,
sore throat , flatulence , indigestion , vomiting,
intestinal disorder , catarrh & bilous complaint ,
conjunctivitis , foul breath , cough , cephalagia ,
thrush , erythema , bleeding piles & vertigo
Therapeutic Uses;
 Digestive Disorders: it is said that one or 2 teaspoons
of coriander juice when added with fresh buttermilk
can help patients who suffer from digestive problems
like indigestion and ulcerative colitis.
Coriander is also beneficial for relieving fever during
typhoid.
Dry coriander is helpful in relieving chronic cases of
dysentery, diarrhea as well as acidity. Chutney made
with green chilies, coconut, ginger, black grapes and
dry coriander is an ancient remedy used for relieving
problem of abdominal pain caused due to indigestion.
 High Cholesterol Levels: The regular use of
coriander water can help in lowering the blood
cholesterol levels. It has diuretic properties and
is known to be a great stimulant for the kidney.
 Controlling Excessive menstrual
flow: Coriandrum Sativum seeds are used to
check the problem of excessive menstrual flow.
For relieving this ailment, it is advised that
around 6 grams of coriander seeds should be
boiled in half litre and should be consumed with
1tsp honey over a period of 3-4 days.
 Conjunctivitis: A mixture of dried coriander is
known to be excellent for relieving
conjunctivitis. It reduces pain and helps in
providing relief from the burning sensation
 SkinDisorders: Coriander juice with
turmeric is an effective remedy for relieving
the problems of blackheads, dry skin and
pimples. The mixture should be used every
night before retiring to bed. Dry coriander
should be used in moderation for people who
suffer from bronchial asthma or bronchitis
 22. Commiphora mukul
ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME
SALAI TREE/INDIAN KUNGILIYAM
BEDELLIUM
Classification;

Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Tracheobionta
Division: Magnoliophyta
Class: Spermatopsida
Subclass: Magnoliidae
Order: Sapindales
Family: Burseraceae
Genus: Commiphora
Species: Mukul
 Parts used: gum
 Constituents: volatile oil & resin
 Actions: demulcent , aperient(mild laxative) ,
carminative , antispasmodic , emmenogogue ,
stomachic , antiseptic ,
diaphoretic(perspirative), diuretic , uterine
stimulant , anti supprative , aphrodisiac
 Indications : stimulate phagocytosis , urinary
disorder , skin disease , pyorrhoea , alveolaris ,
chronic tonsilitis , ulcerative throat ,pharyngitis,
dyspepsia , chronic colitis , diarrhoea ,
disinfection sputum , pleuritis , nervous pain ,
leucorrhoea , gonorrhoea , phthisis, pyelitis &
cystitis.
Therapeutic Uses;
 Cholesterol: Guggul helps to control high
cholesterol and lowers lipoproteins which are
harmful. It also helps in breaking of blood clots.
 Obesity: Guggul aid in breaking up fat cells in
the body. Hence it is useful for weight reduction.
 Thyroid problems: Guggul influences the
production of thyroid hormone. Proper thyroid
gland functioning results in eliminating problems
related to thyroid and also weight loss.
 Arthritis:Guggul reverses the degenerative
effects occurring in bones and joints and
relieves pain in arthritis.
 Skin diseases: It functions as a blood purifier
and hence is useful in relieving several skin
ailments.
 Painful menstruation: Several problems
related to the uterus can be effectively
relieved with guggul. It reduces menstrual
disturbances and also painful menstruation.
 23. Cucurbita maxima
ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME
RED GOURD KALYANA POOSANI
 Classification;

Kingdom: Plantae

Clade: Angiosperms

Clade: Eudicots

Clade: Rosids

Order: Cucurbitales

Family: Cucurbitaceae

Genus: Cucurbita

Species: C. maxima
 HabitatPreference: The species prefers
moist, well-drained sandy soils and little or
no shade. C. maximais heat and drought
tolerant.
 Parts used: seeds , pulp & fruit stalk
 Constituents: saponin , tannic acid , resin ,
protein , fibre & albuminoids
 Actions: antihelminthic ,
diuretic, Nervine, Tonic & Vermifuge
 Indications : tapeworm Infestation ,
gonorrhoea , urinary disease , carbuncles ,
haemoptysis & haemorrhage , pulmonary
odema , insanity , epilepsy
Therapeutic Uses;
 General tonic: A spoonful of the ground seeds mixed
with is good nourishment. However, excessive
quantity can cause indigestion. Roasted pumpkin
seeds mixed with yoghurt can increase appetite.
 De-worming: In South America and India, the toasted
seeds are eaten as a medicine for worm infestation.
This should be followed with purgative to expel the
worms. It is used for the same purpose for cattle
also.
 Haemostatic: the traditional medicinal practice of
India, Pumpkin has a cooling effect on human body. It
is therefore used in hemorrhagic conditions such as
uterine bleeding and rectal bleeding.
 Detoxifying: It is considered to have detoxifying
properties that can remove accumulated toxins
in the body due the chemicals in vegetables and
fruits we consume. A mixture of the pulp taken
with jaggery is prescribed for removing food
toxins.
 Anti-inflammatory: The fruit pulp applied on
burns and inflammations has a soothing effect.
 Kidney stones: The powdered seeds are mixed
with a pinch of Asafetida (Hing) as a medicine
for kidney stones.
 Mental disorders: A mixture of Liquorice
(Glycyrrhiza glabra ) and pumpkin seed powder
is given as part of the treatment for mental
disorders. Due to high levels of tryptophan
content in pumpkin seeds, the seeds have been
recommended to treat depression.
 Antifungal: Extract from pumpkin rinds had
antifungal properties and is effective in treating
ringworm, athlete’s foot and such skin problems.
 Atherosclerosis: Pumpkin seeds can prevent the
development of atherosclerosis (hardening of the
arteries).
 Diabetes: Studies suggest that pumpkin seeds
can promote the production of insulin thus
controlling blood sugar levels.
 HIV/AIDS: Laboratory studies indicate that
pumpkin extracts may have anti-viral qualities
and be effective y against HIV/AIDS.
 Liver: Pumpkin is said to have liver-protective
effect; and thus can be beneficial to those with
liver disease.
 Respiratory problems: In the traditional medical
practices of Kerala, India, the squashed extract
of the pulp taken along with unrefined sugar is
used for Asthma and other respiratory problems
if taken regularly for six months.
 24. Cuminum cyminum
ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME
CUMIN SEEDS SEERAGAM
Classification
 Kingdom - Plantae
 Division - Tracheophyta
 Class - Magnoliopsida
 Order - Apiaceae
 Genus - Cuminum
 Species - Cyminum
 Family - Umbelliferae
Habitat
Cultivation of cumin needs hot Climate to
grow around 30 c temperature. It is native to
mainly in Egypt, India, Mexico, and North
Africa, China.
 Parts used: fruits (or) seed
 Constituents: fatty oil , resin , mucilage ,
thymaine , carvone , cymene , terpene
 Actions: carminative , aromatic , stomachic ,
stimulant & astringent
 Indications : hoarseness of voice , dyspepsia ,
chronic diarrhoea , worms , scorpian bite &
eczema ,
Therapeutic Uses;
 Jeera water - a product of Cumin seeds is
generally taken before meals as an appetizer.
 The mix of buttermilk and few drops of oil when
cooked with cumin seeds, helps to aid in
digestion. It is generally preferred to take after
eating spicy and oily foods.
 Cumin seeds has the ability to cure acute
indigestion when 2 tsp of it is taken along with
warm water before meal.
 In case of hyperacidity, stomach
burning, anorexia and gaseous distension; take
the mix of 2 gm of cumin seeds along with
coriander juice, cardamom and salt for better
result.
 For mouth bad taste, some small quantity of Cumin
seeds may be chewed before food for wonderful
results.
 The patients suffering from constipation, worm
infestation, and fever; it is better idea to take 1
tsp of cumin seeds along with warm water 3-4 times
per day.
 For insect bite, paste of cumin seeds and Ghee
should be applied on the affected area to lessen pain
and inflammation.
 For halitosis (bad breath), gargling should be done
with infusion of seeds of black caraway.
 Postpartum period woman should be given seeds of
caraway to cleanse uterus and improve lactation.
 It is one of the few spices that is used more or less in
all recipes.
 25. Curcuma longa
ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME
SAFFRON/TURMERIC MANJAL
Classification;
Kingdom: Plantae

Clade: Angiosperms

Clade: Monocots

Clade: Commelinids

Order: Zingiberales

Family: Zingiberaceae

Genus: Curcuma

Species: C. longa
 Habitat: Turmeric has its origins most likely
in India but today it is common throughout
Southeast Asia, China, and southern Australia
but can be found in most tropical regions of
the world.
 It is a widely cultivated plant throughout the
tropics.
 Parts used: tubers & rhizomes
 Constituents: resin ,curcumin , alkaloids &
turmerol
 Actions: aromatic , stimulant , tonic ,
carminative & antihelminthic
 Indications : bruises , leech bites ,
intermittent fever , flatulence , dyspepsia ,
eczema , skin eruption , sprain , bruises ,
conjunctivitis , piles , coryza, hysterical fits ,
otorrhoea , indolent , jaundice & urinary
disease
 Ithas been used traditionally as an antiseptic
to treat cuts, bruises, and even burns.
Turmeric is used as an anti-aging
herb because of its excellent anti-oxidant
properties, which can prevent free radical
damage.
 Turmeric also acts as an anti-inflammatory as it
reduces histamine levels. It is used as a dietary
supplement as it is believed to cure stomach
ailments such as flatulence, bloating and
appetite loss.
 Some studies and clinical research show that the
herb may be effective as a treatment for
hepatitis.
 Curcumin, the active ingredient found in
turmeric, has a positive effect on the liver
tissue. Even liver tissue that has been damaged
by excessive exposure to alcohol or other
damaging drugs can be positively affected by
turmeric.
 Internallyit can be used in the form of
boiled powder or fresh juice. Externally it
can be used in paste form, as an oil,
ointment or lotion.
 The paste form can be applied topically to
treat psoriasis, ulcers, warts and scabies.
Turmeric root can be squeezed to extract
juice which is then mixed with water which
can be used to clear sinuses and for ear
aches.
 Recent studies from UCLA have even
suggested that curcumin may even be
useful herb in treating Alzheimer’s disease.
 Curcumin prevents the accumulation of beta
amyloids and breaks up plaques found in
Alzheimer’s sufferers’ brains
 Additionally the herb may be helpful remedy
for people with Parkinson’s disease.
 Researchers have also recently demonstrated
that turmeric’s active ingredients are useful
in the treatment of cystic fibrosis
and ulcerative colitis
 Curcumin’s pain-relieving properties have made
it suitable in providing relief to patients
suffering from arthritis and rheumatism.
Turmeric may also enhance taxol’s effect in
reducing metastasis of breast cancer.
 Its healing and therapeutic properties have also
resulted in it being used in many cosmetic
products as well as home-based beauty
treatments.
 Turmeric paste is used by women in the Indian
sub-continent for removal of unwanted hair. Its
application on the skin also gives it a pleasant
glow and keeps harmful bacteria away from the
body.
 Turmeric for cancer prevention – A recent
study published in the Asian Pacific Journal
of Cancer Prevention found that a dose-
dependent administration of curcumin
effectively activated degeneration of liver
cancer cells.
 26. Daucus carota
ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME
CARROT GAJJIRI KIZHANGU
Classification;
Scientific classification

Kingdom: Plantae

Clade: Angiosperms

Clade: Eudicots

Clade: Asterids

Order: Apiales
Family: Apiaceae

Genus: Daucus
Species: D. carota
Habitat:
 Cultivated and waste land, amongst grass,
especially by the sea and on chalk
 Probably originally a native of the sea-coasts of
Southern Europe degenerated into its present
wild state, but of very ancient cultivation.
 The Carrot was in ancient times much valued for
its medicinal properties; the Wild Carrot, which
is found so plentifully in Britain, both in
cultivated lands and by waysides, thriving more
especially by the sea, is superior, medicinally, to
the cultivated kind.
 Parts used: root & leaves
 Constituents: carotin , hydro carotin ,sugar ,
starch , pectin , malic acid , lignin , volatile
oil , fixed oil
 Actions: diuretic , anti septic , aphrodisiac ,
nervine tonic , aromatic , stimulant ,
carminative
 Indications : abortion , diarrhoea , dropsy ,
jaundice , foul ulcer , burns , scar , beautify
the complextion.
 Carrot is used to treat gastric disorders, acidity
and gastric ulcer.
 Carrot is used as a diuretic, ease digestive tract
and enhance uterus.
 The infusion made from the plant is used to
treat the kidney, bladder diseases, digestive
disorders and dropsy.
 Shredded carrot is used as a treatment for
threadworm infection.
 The infusion made from the leaves of Carrot is
used to cure kidney stones and cystitis.
 The infusion of Carrot seed helps to treat
oedema, indigestion, flatulent and menstrual
problems
 27. Digitalis Ianata
ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME
FOX GLOVE NAARI PUGAI ELAI
Classification;
Kingdom: Plantae

Clade: Angiosperms

Clade: Eudicots

Clade: Asterids

Order: Lamiales

Family: Plantaginaceae

Genus: Digitalis

Species: D. lanata
Habitat:
 Woods and scrub
 Parts used: flowers & leaves
 Constituents: digoxin, tigogenin,
digitoxigenin, 3-epidigitoxigenin, and
digifolein.
 Actions: cardiac toner, β – blocker & sedative
leaves - cardiac, diuretic, stimulant and
tonic.
 Indications : tachycardia , wounds & burns ,
arterial fibrilization , hypertension ,
insomnia & asthma
Therapeutic Uses;
 The Grecian foxglove is a widely used herbal
medicine with a recognised stimulatory effect
upon the heart.
 It has a profound tonic effect upon a diseased
heart, enabling the heart to beat more slowly,
powerfully and regularly without requiring more
oxygen. At the same time it stimulates the flow
of urine which lowers the volume of the blood
and lessens the load on the heart. The plant
contains cardiac glycosides (including digoxin,
digitoxin and lanatosides). Digitoxin rapidly
strengthens the heartbeat but is excreted very
slowly.
 Digoxin is therefore preferred as a long-term
medication. The seed has also been used in
the past.
 The leaves also have a very beneficial effect
on the kidneys, they are strongly diuretic and
are used with benefit in the treatment of
dropsy. Great care should be exercised in the
use of this plant.
28. Dioscorea deltoidea
ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME
WILD YAM
Clsssification;
Kingdom: Plantae

Clade: Angiosperms

Clade: Monocots

Order: Dioscoreales

Family: Dioscoreace
ae

Genus: Dioscorea
Species Deltoidia
Habitat :
 Forests and humus-rich soils, 1700 - 2800
metres in Kashmir. Broad-leaved forests and
scrub forests at elevations of 2000 - 3100
metres in western China.
 Parts used: tuber
 Constituents: dioscogenin
 Actions: stimulant , carminative , stomachic
& bone strengthening
 Indications : impotence , dyspepsia ,
constipation & osteomalcia
Therapeutic Uses;
 The juice of the root tuber is taken in the
evening in the treatment of roundworm.
 It is also used to alleviate constipation. The
roots of most, if not all, members of this genus,
contains diosgenin.
 This is widely used in modern medicine in order
to manufacture progesterone and other steroid
drugs.
 These are used as contraceptives and in the
treatment of various disorders of the genitary
organs as well as in a host of other diseases such
as asthma and arthritis. The roots of this species
contain an average of 4.8% diosgenin.
 29. Eclipta alba
ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME
TRAILING KARISALAI/KARISA
ECLIPTA/FALSE -LANGKANNI
DAISY
Classification;
Kingdom: Plantae

Clade: Angiosperms

Clade: Eudicots

Clade: Asterids

Order: Asterales

Family: Asteracea

Genus: Eclipta

Species: Alba
Habitat
 It is native of India and Southwest America.
It occurs as a weed and found throughout
India in paddy growing fields. In many parts
of India it is grown for medicinal purposes. It
is also found in China and Brazil.
 Parts used: Leaves, roots, whole plant
 Constituents: Resin, Ecliptine, nicotine and
alkaloids, thiopenes, heptacosanol,
 Action: anti inflammatory, aphrodisiac,
antihepatotoxic, ophthalmic, digestive,
carminative and anti-inflammatory action.
 Indications : relieve gray hairs, liver disorder,
 Wounds: Apply leaves juice at affected area.
Diabetic patients who are suffering from wounds and
cuts which is not healing properly can apply Eclipta
alba leaves juice on wounds or with help of cotton
apply and tie with cloth for quick healing. Do it for
few days.
 Cough: 7-14 ml. juice of whole plant with honey
twice a day.
 Swelling: Grind Eclipta alba and warm it. Then with
help of cotton apply on swelling and tie with help of
cloth. This gives relief from swelling and pain.
 Tooth ache: Extract juice of bringraj and put 4 drops
in ear. Please note if pain is in left side of face then
put drops in right side ear and vice versa.
 Pain in gums: Massage with leaves juice.
 Piles: Take 50 gm paste of leaves. Mix 20
gm black pepper and make small pill of size
black gram. Take 2 pills twice a day.
 Ear infection: Put 4 drops in ear.
 Gum problems: Wash Eclipta alba plant to
remove soil and dirt. Chew the leaves for
few minutes and then wash with warm water.
 Migraine: Grind leaves and extract juice and
put 4 drops in each nostril. This gives relief
from migraine and head ache due to any
reason.
 Jaundice, Cirrhosis: Drink 10 ml leaves juice 2-3
times a day for few days. It also help to purify blood
and removes toxins.
 Hair problems: Eclipta alba is a useful herb for
treating hair problems.
 Stomach ache: Grind leaves and make paste and
apply externally on belly or drink juice of its leaves.
 Preventing abortion: Drink 2-3 ml juice of bhangra
leaves, misri and water.
 Elephant leg or elephantiasis: Mix juice of leaves
with til ka tel and apply regularly on legs. Drink
decoction of 10 gm leaves , 2 times a day for a
month.
 Dizziness, insomnia, cough and high blood
pressure: Take 2 tbsp of leaves juice with honey.
 Scorpion sting: Rub on place of sting to reduce pain.
30.Elettaria CARDAMomAM

ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME

CARDAMOM ELAKAAI
 Kingdom: Plantae
Classification
Clade: Angiosperms

Clade: Monocots

Clade: Commelinids

Order: Zingiberales

Family: Zingiberaceae

Genus: Elettaria

Species: E. cardamomu
m
Habitat
 Cardamom is commonly native to India. It is
widely found in Western Ghats of southern India.
This area is known as the cardamom hills.
Tropical rain forests at the elevations of 2500-
5000ft are best for its growth.
 Later it is introduced to other parts of tropical
Asia and this plant is widely cultivated for its
aromatic and medicinal properties of seeds. It is
also found in other countries like Guatemala, Sri
Lanka, New Guinea and Tanzania. It is also grown
in Nepal, Vietnam, Thailand and North America.
 Parts used: Dried ripe seeds , fruits
 Constituents: fixed oil , volatile oil , cineole
, derpinyl , acetate & free terpineol
 Actions: aromatic , stimulant , carminative,
& diuretic
 Indications : giddiness , billiousness , good
stomachic & dyspepsia
Therapeutic Uses;
 Indigestion Cardamom helps in soothing the mucous
membrane and improving appetite. It is effective in
relieving heartburn and gas caused by onion and garlic. It
is also made use of in digestive ailments like excessive
thirst, halitosis, flatulence, and anorexia.
 Diuretic Cardamom is a very good diuretic and can be
made use of in the treatment of scanty urination, burning
micturition, nephritis, cystitis, and gonorrhea.
 Sore Throat Gargling with a preparation made of cinnamon
and cardamom is used to treat sore throats and pharyngitis
and also to bring relief to voice hoarseness during
influenza's infectious stage.
 Impotency Cardamom is also effective in treating
premature ejaculation and erectile dysfunction. However,
you should avoid using cardamom excessively since it can
also bring about impotency
 Antidote Among some of the other cardamom
benefits is its ability to acts as an antidote
for scorpion and snake venom.
 Other Medicinal Uses Cardamom's medicinal
uses also include the treatment of burning
sensations caused by skin diseases, fevers,
infection of the gums and teeth, and
pulmonary tuberculosis. It also helps to
break up gall stones and kidney stones. It is
also used to treat hiccups, cough, and
depression
Other Uses
 Mouth Freshener: Cardamom's aromatic flavor
helps in as a mouth freshener, to clear the
breath of foul smell. It can also be used to get
rid of any bad taste in the mouth.
 Cardamom has a very sweet and pungent flavor
and is used most commonly in Arabic countries to
flavor coffee. Cooking with cardamom in
Scandinavian countries is in the preparation of
bread and in India it is used in curry blends.
Cardamom is also made use of in American
favorites like coffee cake and apple pie
 31. Emblica officinalis
ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME
INDIAN GOOSEBERRY NELLI
CLASSIFICATION
Kingdom: Plantae

Clade: Angiosperms

Clade: Eudicots

Clade: Rosids
Order: Malpighiales

Family: Phyllanthaceae

Genus: Phyllanthus

Species: P. emblica
HABITAT
 It is a very common plant in India. It can be
easily found growing in semi – arid regions and
plains of northern India. Uttar Pradesh, Tamil
Nadu, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh are
preferable subtropical area for cultivation of
amla. The fruits are available from October till
May during which time they are also collected
and preserved in large numbers to be made
available during the rest of the year.
 A number of recipes and medicinal preparations
of Amla are available which can always be
enjoyed.
 Parts used: dried fruits , nut or seed
 Constituents: ascorbic acid,phenols, elagic
acid, gallotanins, flavonoids,furosin,
tannnins, proanthocyanidins
 Actions: refrigerant , diuretic , laxative ,
stomachic & astringent
 Indications : vermifuge , cephalagia ,
febrifuge , diabetes , hiccups ,haemorrhage ,
diarrhoea , dysentry , jaundice , dyspepsia ,
cough , gonorrhoea , stomatitis , aphthae ,
scabies & bilious complaint
Therapeutic Uses;
 Immunity booster :
One reason for Amla's reputation as a general energy-promoting,
disease-preventing tonic may be its effect on the immune
system. Multiple studies have shown significant increases in white
blood cell counts and other measures of strengthened immunity
in rodents given Amla.
Respiratory disorders:
 Indian gooseberry is beneficial in the treatment of respiratory
disorders. It is especially valuable in tuberculosis of the lungs
asthma and bronchitis.
 Diabetes: This herb, due to its high vitamin C content, is
effective in controlling diabetes. A tablespoon of its juice mixed
with a cup of bitter gourd juice, taken daily for two months will
stimulates the pancreas and enable is to secrete insulin, thus
reducing the blood sugar in the diabetes. Diet restrictions should
be strictly observed while taking this medicine. It will also
prevent eye complication in diabetes.
 Ageing:
Indian gooseberry has revitalizing effects, as it contains an element
which is very valuable in preventing ageing and in maintaining strength in
old age .It improves body resistance and protect the body against
infection. It strengthens the heart, hair and different gland in the body.
Other uses:
 Hair Tonic:Indian gooseberry is an accepted hair tonic in traditional
recipes for enriching hair growth and pigmentation. The fruit, cut into
pieces is dried preferably in the shade. These pieces are boiled in
coconut oil till the solid matter becomes charres. This darkish oil is
excellent in preventing graying .The water is which dried Amla pieces are
soaked overnight is also nourishing to hair and can be used for the last
rinse while washing the hair. Indian gooseberry is used in various ways.
The best way to take it with the least loss vitamin C, is to eat it raw with
a little salt. It is often used in the form of pickles and it is dried and
powdered. The berry may also be used as a vegetable. It is boiled in a
small amount of water till soft and taken with a little salt.
 Heart Disorder:
Indian gooseberry is considered an effective remedy for heart
disease. It tones up the functions of all the organs of the body
and builds up health by destroying the heterogeneous or harmful
and disease causes elements. It also renews energy.
 Eye disorder:
The juice of Indian Gooseberry with honey is useful in preserving
eyesight. It is beneficial in the treatment of conjunctivitis and
glaucoma. It reduces intracular tension in a remarkable manner.
Juice mixed with honey can be taken twice daily for this
condition.
 Scurvy:
As an extremely rich source of vitamin C, Indian gooseberry is
one of the best remedy for scurvy. Powder of the dry herb, mixed
with an equal quantity of sugar, can be taken in doses of 1
teaspoon, thrice daily with milk
 32. Eugenia caryophyllatA
(Syzygium
ENGLISH NAME aromaticum)
TAMIL NAME
CLOVE KRAMBU
Classification;
Kingdom: Plantae

Clade: Angiosperms

Clade: Eudicots

Clade: Rosids
Order: Myrtales

Family: Myrtaceae

Genus: Syzygium

Species: S. aromaticum
 Parts used: fruits , dried flowers & buds
 Constituents: volatile oil , eugenol, camphor
, resin , caryophyllin & tannin
 Actions: stomachic , carminative, digestive,
stimulant , aromatic , antispasmodic &
antiseptic,
 Indications : irritability , dyspepsia ,
flatulence , gastric irritability , colic
dyspepsia , colic pain , vomiting,indigestion ,
thirst , fever ,bronchitis , rheumatic pain ,
sciatica , lumbago , headache , neuralgia ,
toothache & coryza
Therapeutic Uses;
 The essential oil, eugenol in this spice has been
in therapeutic use in dentistry as a local
anesthetic and antiseptic for teeth and gum.
 Eugenol also has been found to reduce blood
sugar levels in diabetics,
 Its decoction is sometimes used in treating
flatulence and indigestion in traditional
medicine preparations.
 The essential volatile oils function as a
rubefacient, for arthritis and sore muscles, used
either as a poultice or in hot baths.
 It is also thought to have a natural anti-parasite
(kills intestinal worms) function.
 33.Ferula asafoetida
ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME
ASAFOETIDA PERUNGAYAM
 Kingdom: Plantae
Classification
(unranked): Angiosperms

(unranked): Eudicots

(unranked): Asterids

Order: Apiales
Family: Apiaceae

Genus: Ferula
Species: F. assa-foetida
Habitat
Asafetida is mainly native to Iran, Pakistan and
Afghanistan and this herb is exported to all
parts of world.
In India it is wildly grown in Kashmir.
 Parts used: gum & root
 Constituents: resin,organic sulphur , volatile oil ,
allyl per sulphide , turpene , ferulic acid , malic
acid, acetic acid , formic & volerantic acid
 Actions: stimulant , carminative ,laxative,
antispasmodic , expectorant
 Indications : hysteria , nervous disorder of
women & children , flatulence , flatulent colic &
spasmodic , whooping cough , pneumonia ,
bronchitis , asthma , typhoid fever , increase the
lochia after child birth , habitual abortion , ear
troubles , releives pain & heals ulcer ,
hemiplegia , stiffness , facial palsy & sciatica
Therapeutic Uses;
 Asafetida is good in checking the growth of microorganism
in the stomach thereby helpful in prevention of gastritis,
constipation and flatulence.
 If somebody is suffering from the problems of toothache,
dental caries, applying the powder of asafoetida and clove
gives great relief in reducing pain immediately.
 The application from the powder of asafoetida gives relief
from the pain of insect bite. It is also helpful in reducing
the toxic effects as well as pain and inflammation.
 Its application is good against ringworm infestation.
 Nasal insufflations of asafetida powder are very effective
in acute fits.
 For disorders like halitosis and excessive
salvation, it is suggested to take asafetida
powder along with ginger.
 It is especially good for stomach problems
such as stomach gas, intestinal gas, gastritis,
flatulence, irritable bowel syndrome, and
colon problems.
 It is also beneficial against convulsion and
hysteria.
 Asafoetida is effective against breathing
problems like bronchitis, swine flu, asthma,
whooping cough, cold, etc
Best uses of asafoetida
 Asafoetida is the important species that is
generally found in the kitchen. It is one of
the ingredients of our kitchen cuisine.
 In South Indian foods, it helps to balance the
sweet, sour, salty and spicy component of
the food materials.
 Asafoetida is used as digestive aid and
digestion promoter in foods.
 When it is heated with oil or ghee, gives a
unique aroma that enhances the taste and
flavor of the food
 34.Ficus cArica
ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME
FIG TREE SEEMAI ATHI
 Kingdom: Plantae
Classification;
(unranked): Angiosperms

(unranked): Eudicots

(unranked): Rosids

Order: Rosales
Family: Moraceae

Tribe: Ficeae
Genus: Ficus
Subgenus: Ficus

Species: F. carica
 Parts used: dried flesh receptacles , figs
 Constituents: proteose , protease, amino
acid enzyme cravin & tipase ,
 Actions: emolient , cooling , laxative &
demulcent
 Indications : piles , gout , mouth ulcer &
cracks ( lips , tongue , mouth)
 Asthma:
Consuming figs give comfort to affected person.
Figs are used in the treatment of Asthma.
 Constipation:
Figs give relief from constipation and also keep
the alimentary canal clean and smooth.
 Piles:
Figs are very good to cure piles. Soak dried figs
in cold water overnight and eat in morning. This
will remove straining at stools and prevent
protrusion of anus.
 Sexual Strength:
Consume figs with butter to gain vigour and
vitality.
 35.Ficus glomerata
ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME
CLUSTER FIG ATHI PAZHAM
Classification
 Kingdom - Plantae
 Division - Magnoliophyta
 Class - Magnoliopsida
 Order - Urticales
 Family - Moraceae
 Genus - Ficus
Habitat
 It grows all over the year in India. It is found
in evergreen forests, deciduous forests and
moist localities up to 1800 m above the sea
level.
 It is cultivated over outer Himalayan ranges,
khasia mountain, Punjab, Rajasthan, Chota
Nagpur, Orissa, Karnatka, Kerela and Deccan
plateau.
 Parts used: root , root bark , leaves , fruit ,
milky juice & galls
 Constituents: tannin , wax , ash containing
silica & phosphoric acid
 Actions: astringent , carminative , stomachic
& vermicide
 Indications : dysentry , apthous complaint ,
menorrhagia , haemoptysis , diarrohea ,
diabetes , leprosy & polyurea
Therapeutic Uses;
The bark, leaves, roots and raw or ripe fruits are
equally useful.
 The bark of the tree has healing power. Make a
paste of the bark by rubbing it on stone with
water and apply it on the skin. Let the paste dry
and reapply after a few hours to get relief in
boils or mosquito bites.
 The sweet and ripe fruit is very nutritious
appetiser and helps in constipation.
 The extract of the roots taken for few days
helps in complete control of diabetes.
 In case of blood oozing out in piles, the juice of
the leaves is very beneficial.
 In case of hand and feet blisters, the application
of the milk of the tree alleviates the pain and
repairs the blisters.
 In mouth ulcers and bleeding gums, the gurgles
with the extract of the bark are very helpful.
 The juice of ripe fruits helps in summer heat
and inflammation of intestines.
 The intake of the juice of the leaves helps in
heart and liver disorders.
 Take unripe fruits and mix equal amount of
brown sugar in it and prepare the powder. Take 5
gram of it with milk to increase the power and
virility.
 36.Foeniculum vulgare
ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME
FENNAL/ANISEED SOMBU
Classification
 Kingdom - Plantae
 Division - Magnoliophyta
 Class - Magnoliopsida
 Order - Apiales
 Family - Apiaceae
 Genus - Foeniculum
 Species - Foeniculum vulgare
Habitat
It is the native of Mediterranean region like in
North Africa, Europe and Western Asia.
These are common in much of North America,
Central America, Europe, Hawaii, Australia,
Fiji, Queensland and Austria.
 Parts used: fruit , seeds , root & leaves
 Constituents: anethole ,essential oil ,
fenchone & turpentine
 Actions: stimulant , aromatic , carminative ,
diuretic,purgative,emmenogogue,antispasmo
dic, antipyretic & antimicrobial properties.
 Indications : improve eye sight , colic ,
flatulence , fever , scalding of urine ,
feverishness & vomiting
THERAPEUTIC USES;
INTERNAL USE:
 Fennel is used as a diuretic, It soothes the
bronchial tubes and has a mild estrogenic
effect.
 It relaxes the muscle lining in the digestive
track and helps to tackle problems like gas,
indigestion, colic, dyspepsia and reduces
intestinal spasms.
 It increases lactation in nursing mothers.
 Fennel is also useful in relieving menstrual
problems and provides relief from the griping
effects of laxatives.
 The juice which is extracted from the fruit or
herb is useful in relieving catarrah and
coughs of the respiratory tract in adults and
children.
 The root of the plant is useful in relieving
urinary disorders.
 Fennel leaves are used as a herb in salads.
 The seeds of the plant are used in flavouring
biscuits, breads, stuffing and sausages
EXTERNAL USE
 Fennel can be used as a mouth wash for
relieving sore throat and gum disease. The
essential oil can be used as a liniment to
apply on the chest for relief from bronchial
congestion.
 The essential oil can be used to relieve
conjunctivitis, skin ailments and blepharitis
of the eye.
 37.Gaultheria PROCUMBENS
ENGLISH NAMEppppProcumbens
TAMIL NAME
TEA BERRY
Classification;
Kingdom: Plantae

Clade: Angiosperms

Clade: Eudicots

Clade: Asterids

Order: Ericales

Family: Ericaceae

Genus: Gaultheria

Species: G. procumbens
Habitat:
 Sterile woods (poor acid soils) and clearings.
Especially found beneath evergreen trees.
 Parts used: whole plant
 Constituents: methyl ester & methyl
salicylate
 Action: Stimulant, aromatic, astringent,
carminative, analgesic, rubefacient, diuretic
& galactagogue
Therapeutic uses;
 Fighting disease-causing inflammation
 Relieving pain
 Reducing swelling and irritation
 Improving digestion
 Clearing skin irritation
 Improving alertness and senses
 Treating colds, fevers, infections and the flu
 Wintergreen oil has been used as an active
ingredient in many topical pain relievers for
decades to help ease muscle joint and bone
pain. Today, it’s commonly used for reducing
other painful conditions, too; for example,
wintergreen is used as a natural headache
remedy, for chronic nerve pain, PMS
symptoms and arthritis. This is because
wintergreen naturally contains active
constituents that work similarly to aspirin.
 The leaves are also beneficial for preventing
and treating digestion problems, including
stomachaches, cramps, gas and bloating. And
because wintergreen oil can help fight
inflammation, it’s effective for helping treat
a wide variety of illnesses — everything from
respiratory issues like asthma, colds and flu,
kidney problems, and even heart disease
 38.Gloriosa Superba
ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME
SUPER LILY KALAPPAI POO/
KARTHIGAIPOO
Classification;
Kingdom: Plantae

(unranked): Angiosperms

(unranked): Monocots

Order: Liliales

Family: Colchicaceae

Genus: Gloriosa

Species: G. superba
Habit
 They prefer tropical forest, thickets, shrub
lands, sparse savanna woodlands, grasslands,
sand dunes, deciduous woodlands, and mountain
habitats. It can grow in nutrient-poor soils.
 In warm tropical countries it occurs in thickets,
bush land, forest edges and cultivated areas.
 It occurs from sea-level up to 2,500 meter, and
propagated from seeds take three to four years
to bloom. Gloriosa superba is also propagated
vegetativel
 Parts used: tubers
 Constituents: tannin , superline , glorosine ,
resin & alkaloids
 Actions: abortifacient, antihelminthic,
cholagogue, anti inflammatory, anti pyretic,
laxative & purgative
 Indications : abortificient , poisonous insect ,
snake bite , parasitic skin eruption , leprosy ,
gonorrhoea & piles
 1. Asthma & arthritis
Tuber powder and roasted common salt in
the ratio of 1:2 is orally taken in a dose of 2
gm for asthma and arthritis.
 2. Foreign object in the skin (like nail, glass),
splinter
Make a paste of tuber by rubbing on stone
and apply on affected place.
 3. Lice
The juice of the ground leaves is used for
topical application.
4. Poisonous snake bite, scorpion sting, parasitical
affections of the skin
 The paste of tuber is applied on affected place.
For snake bite, Shodhit (treated as above) tuber
slice is chewed thrice a day.
5. Promoting labor pains
 The root, powdered and reduced to a paste is
applied to the navel, supra-pubicregion and
vagina with the object.
6. Paralysis
 Shodhit / purified tuber slice is chewed thrice a
day. This is done for 15 days.
7. Retained placenta
 Paste of the root is applied to the palms and
soles and powdered nigella seeds and long
pepper are given internally.
8. Rheumatism
 Shodhit (treated as above) tuber slice is
taken twice a day for 15 days.
9.Spot baldness
 The paste of tuber is applied on affected
place
39. Glycyrrhiza glabra
(liquorice)
ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME
SWEET ADHIMATHURAM
WOOD/LIQUORICE
Classification
 Kingdom: Plantae
 Division: Tracheophyta
 Class: Magnoliopsida
 Order: Fabales
 Family: Fabaceae
 Genus: Glycrrhiza
 Species: glabra
Habitat
 Yastimadhu is the native to Southeastern
Europe and cultivated in most of Europe. It is
grown best in the hot, dry and sunny
climates with yearly low rainfall. Whereas
adequate soil moisture is necessary for its
growth and development.
 Parts used: peeled root
 Constituents: asparagin , sugar , starch ,
phosphoric , sulphuric & malic acid , calcium ,
magnesium salt & tannin
 Actions: tonic , cooling , demulcent ,
expectorant , diuretic , emmenagogue & laxative
 Indications : scorpian sting , catarrah of
genitourinary passage , cough , hoarseness , sore
throat , asthma , dysuria , cold , feverishness ,
pains , allay thirst , releiving pain discomfort ,
phthisis & uterine complaint
Therapeutic Uses;
 Stomach ailments: The liquorices or Glycyrrhiza glabra is
an excellent remedy for relieving problems of the
stomach. It helps in relieving pain and discomfort from the
abdominal region. It must be taken in powdered form for
stomach problems.
 Sore throat: The herb Glycyrrhiza glabra is a recognized
home remedy for relieving sore throats. A small piece of
raw Glycyrrhiza glabra was chewed or sucked up on to get
relief from any inflammation.
 Cough: The throat is lubricated with a mixture of
Glycyrrhiza glabra and honey to relieve problems of dry
coughing.
 Myopia: Glycyrrhiza glabra has been used to relieve
myopia. Around half teaspoon Glycyrrhiza glabra root
powder mixed with honey and glue can be given two times
a day with milk on an empty stomach for relieving this
problem.
 Constipation: The problem of constipation can be
relieved by using this laxative. Powdered Glycyrrhiza
glabra taken with jaggery and water can relieve this
problem rather instantly.
 Stomach ulcers: The Glycyrrhiza glabra is benefiting
in relieving paining due to ulcers. It soothes irritation
caused by acids. Pieces of Glycyrrhiza glabra root
soaked overnight can relieve this problem.
 Muscular pains: Glycyrrhiza glabra helps in reducing
muscular pains. The roots of Glycyrrhiza glabra are
used to solve this health issue.
 Mouth disorders: The stick of the dried roots of
Glycyrrhiza glabra soaked in water can be used for
gargling to relieve problems of oral inflammation.
 Baldness: This effective herb is used to relieve
patchy baldness. Small pieces of the root are mixed
with milk and saffron to make a paste. This paste is
applied on the affected area at bed time on a regular
basis. This paste is helpful in relieving baldness,
dandruff and excessive hair loss.
 Wounds and scalds: The Glycyrrhiza glabra powder is
mixed with butter or honey and is applied on wounds
to get effective results. The leaves are applied as a
poultice for relieving problems of scalds.
 Corns: The Glycyrrhiza glabra relieves corns. A paste
made from the sticks of Glycyrrhiza glabra mixed
with sesame or mustard oil can be rubbed onto the
hardened skin at bed time.
 40.Hepatica nobilis
ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME
LIVER LEAF KALLEERAL ILAI
Classification; Kingdom: Plantae

Clade: Angiosperms

Clade: Eudicots

Order: Ranunculales

Family: Ranunculaceae

Subfamily: Ranunculoideae

Tribe: Anemoneae

Genus: Hepatica
Mill.
 Parts used: leaves
 Constituents: mucous substances, tannins
and sugars, flavonoids, anthocyanins and
saponin glycosides
 Actions: good digestive , hepato toner ,
demulcent , astringent , diuretic & wound
healing
 Indications : jaundice , obesity , constipation
, dyspepsia , healing , injuries , hepatitis ,
gallstones & bleeding disorder
Therapeutic Uses;
 The fresh leaves contain the toxic substance
protoanemonin which converts into
anemonin when the plant is dried. Hepatica
contains smaller amounts of protoanemonin
than to other plants of the buttercup family.
 Hepatica scientific name, Hepatica nobilis,
means “noble liverplant” and refers to the
primary medical use of the plant in the past.
 The herb was widely used in folk medicine,
particularly for the treatment of diseases of
the liver and gallbladder
 The early immigrants to North America valued
the herb as a remedy for hepatitis and found
that the natives used a closely related species,
sharp-lobed hepatica (H. acutiloba), similarly.
 In earlier times it was a widespread practice to
eat the first emerging flowers in the spring as it
was said they would protect against viper bites
and a number of diseases in the coming year.
 The plant has been used for its astringent,
diuretic and antibiotic properties. Extracts or
decoctions made from the leaves have been used
in herbal medicine for the treatment of liver
ailments, gallbladder ailments and digestive
disorders, and to treat coughing and bronchitis
 The herb can be used as a gargle for
inflammation of the gums and chronic
irritation of the neck and throat.
 Tannins found in the leaves have astringent
effects making the herb useful for internal
bleeding, and because of the plant diuretic
effect, it has also been used as an herbal
remedy for kidney and bladder diseases.
 The herb was once used externally to treat
slow healing wounds, minor injuries,
ringworm, sunburn and to get rid of freckles.
 41.Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME
SHOE FLOWER SEMBARUTHI
Classification;
Kingdom: Plantae

Clade: Angiosperms

Clade: Eudicots

Clade: Rosids
Order: Malvales

Family: Malvaceae

Genus: Hibiscus

Species: H. rosa-sinensis
 Parts used: roots , flowers , seeds
 Constituents: tannin, ascorbic acid & anti
oxidants,
 Actions: refrigerant , emolient , demulcent ,
aphrodisiac , emmenagogue & aperient
 Indications : menorrhagia , mucilagineous
infusion , cough , gonorrhoea , seminal
weakness , hair & eyebrows (black dye)
THERAPEUTIC USES;
INTERNAL USE:
 Hibiscus is a sweet-sour herb usually used in
the preparation of herbal teas and has been
used in the traditional medicine for relieving
colds, loss of appetite, catarrh of the
respiratory tract.
EXTERNAL USE:
 Hibiscus is beneficial in relieving skin conditions
like allergic eczemas.
 It is useful in restoring elasticity and flexibility
of the skin and moisture of the skin.
 The anthocyanocides exhibit anti-inflammatory,
astringent and free radical eliminating and
enzyme inhibition properties.
 The high mucilage content increases the skin’s
hydric content retention.
 This herb is useful for fighting symptoms against
aging.
 Itis widely used in hair managements. It
restores the natural barrier of hair,
regenerates the structure of keratin fibres.
 Hibiscus can be used in anti-dandruff
products because of the presence of high
degree of a-hydroxy acids.
 Hibiscus is useful in relieving dry hair. It
enhances the moisture content and gives a
shiny and silky look to the hair.
 Because of the presence of polyphenolic
substances in Hibiscus, it shows antioxidant
properties.
 42.Hordeum vulgare
ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME
BARLEY BARLEY ARISI
Classification;
Kingdom: Plantae

Clade: Angiosperms

Clade: Monocots

Clade: Commelinids

Order: Poales
Family: Poaceae

Subfamily: Pooideae

Genus: Hordeum

Species: H. vulgare
 Parts used: dried decorticated grain , seeds
of yava
 Constituents: fixed oil , starch , cellulose ,
silicic acid , phophoric acid , iron & lime
 Actions: nutritive , diuretic,demulcent
 Indications : catarrh , fever , diarrhoea ,
fistula , irritation of bladder
Therapeutic Uses;
 Diuretic activity
Barley has diuretic activity. Increased
urination helps body in many diseases. This
helps body to get rid of excess accumulated
fluid.
 Antiurolithiatic activity
Barley is one such medicinal herb that has
property to prevent stone formation in body.
 Stones, recurrent stone formation
Regular intake of barley ensures prevention
of stone formation. This will improve urine
output.
 Diabetes, Urinary problems, scanty
urination, burning sensation
Take 10 gram barley seeds, 5 grams sesame,
and 3 grams of methi/fenugreek seeds. Grind
coarsely. Take 500 ml water in earthen pot
and soak the coarse powder at night. Next
morning mash it and strain. Drink the filtrate
empty stomach every morning.
 Anaemia
Add barley in regular diet to cure anaemia.
Barley is rich in phosphoric acid and iron.
This helps to improve health.
 Loss of memory
Regular intake of barley helps to incease
memory and also improves brain power.
 Cough, phlegm
Take barley whole plant/Panchang or seeds.
Burn this to produce ash. Lick 1 gram of it
with honey.
 43.Jasminum sambac
ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME
JASMINE MALLI/KODI MALLI
Classification;
Kingdom: Plantae

Clade: Angiosperms

Clade: Eudicots

Clade: Asterids

Order: Lamiales

Family: Oleaceae

Genus: Jasminum

Species: J. sambac
 Parts used: flower
 Constituents: iridoidal glycosides, benzyle
acetate, oleanoic acid, phenylephrine
chloride & atropine sulfate,
 Action: aphrodisiac, sedative,
antidepressant, aphrodisiac, antibacterial,
analgesic, anesthetic, anti-inflammatory,
antispasmodic, sedative, antiseptic,
expectorant, carminative, uterine tonic,
uplifting, stimulating, lactifuge and
antitumor properties.
Therapeutic Uses;
 Pound flowers or leaves and apply to ulcers.
 Decoction of flowers or leaves used for fever
and cough.
 Decoction of dried flowers used for fever and
abdominal distention.
 Decoction of dried flower used as eye wash for
eye redness and swelling.
 Roots used with leaves in making lotions to
make an eye lotion.
 Bruised leaves are applied to the breasts as
lactifuge.
 Balsam is believed to strengthen the vision
and also used as a remedy for insanity.
 Dried leaves, soaked in water and made into
a poultice, used for indolent ulcers.
 traditionally used for skin disorders. Used to
treat and prevent cancer.
 flowers used as lactifuge. effectual in
arresting the secretion of milk in the
puerperal state, as application of
unmoistened bruised flowers, once or twice
daily, to each breast.
 Ornamental
- A favorite floral offering and adornment for
altars.
- Strung into flower necklaces.
Cosmetic
- Infusion of flowers used as a face wash because
of its fragrance, cleansing and soothing
properties.
- Flowers in ben oil or coconut oil for hair, facial
or body use or as a perfume oil or perfume base.
- Digestion with vegetable oil to make oil
tinctures or liniments.
- Used to scent coconut oil used for the hair.
 44.Lawsonia inermis
L.alba(henna)
ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME
HENNA MARUDHANI
Classification;
Kingdom: Plantae

Clade: Angiosperms

Clade: Eudicots

Clade: Rosids
Order: Myrtales

Family: Lythraceae

Subfamily: Lythroideae

Genus: Lawsonia
[1]
L.

Species: L. inermis
 Parts used: leaves , bark , flowers & seeds
 Constituents: tannol , tannic acid , olive
green resin & glucoside
 Actions: sedative , astringent , deodorant ,
refrigerant , soporific & sedative
 Indications : headache , rheumatism , hair
dye , promote healthy grow , cure wounds &
ulcer , bruises , sprain , inflammation &
burns , spermatorrhoea , jaundice ,
enlargement of liver & spleen , calculus ,
skin diseasse , leuchorrhoea , menorrhagia &
vaginal discharge
Therapeutic Uses;
 Dysentery: The seeds of the plant are useful in relieving
dysentery. The seeds are powdered and when mixed with ghee
and taken, control the symptoms of dysentery. It should be taken
with water.
 Liver disorders: Jaundice and enlargement of the liver can be
effectively relieved with the bark of the plant. The powder
should be used in 1.25 to 5 decigram dosages or the decoction
should be used in 30 to 60 gram dosages to relieve dysentery.
 Baldness: To relieve baldness oil is made with the leaves of
henna (Lawsonia). Around 60 grams of leaves should be boiled in
tow hundred and fifty grams of mustard oil. The oil should be
heated till the leaves turn dark in color. Later it should be
filtered and stored in a bottle. Regular massage of this oil in the
affected parts yields good results.
 Headaches: Henna (Lawsonia) flowers have the capacity to
relieve headaches caused by the heat of the sun. A paste of the
flowers should be made along with vinegar and applied on the
forehead.
 Burning sensation in the feet: Leaves of the plant
should be made into a paste and applied on the soles
of the feet. It gives good relief to the burning
sensation in the feet.
 Prickly heat: Henna (Lawsonia) leaves paste should
be made with water and applied on the affected area
to relieve prickly heat.
 Skin diseases: Henna leaves are used in relieving
various skin problems like burns and boils. The paste
should be applied on the problems areas. The leaves
are beneficial in relieving other ailments like
inflammatory swellings, bruises, leprosy and
rheumatic joints.
 Sore throat: Leaves of henna (Lawsonia) should be
used to make a decoction. It can be used as a gargle
in cases of sore throat.
 Women’s disorders: Vaginal suppositories or
pessaries prepared from the seeds and leaves
of henna (Lawsonia) are used in relieving
vaginal discharges, excessive menstruation,
leucorrhoea and excessive white discharge.
 Other uses: Henna (Lawsonia) is used mainly
as a colouring agent. It is used as a natural
dye in several countries. It is also used in the
textile industry and manufacturing of hair
dye. The oil extracted from the flowers is
useful is perfume industry.
 45.Mentha spicata
ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME
PEPPER MINT LEAVES PUDHINA
Classification;
Kingdom: Plantae

Clade: Angiosperms

Clade: Eudicots

Clade: Asterids

Order: Lamiales

Family: Lamiaceae

Subfamily: Nepetoideae

Tribe: Mentheae

Genus: Mentha
 Parts used: seeds & leaves
 Constituents: cincol , menthol , limonen &
terpene
 Actions: digestive , good appetizer ,
carminative , anti emetic , nervine toner ,
Hb improver , laxative & aromatic
 Indications : dyspepsia , vomiting ,
constipation , vitamin A disease ,
haemorroids , flatulence , phobia , anxiety &
acne vulgaris.
Therapeutic Uses;
 The herb tea is an excellent remedy for minor
ailments such as headaches, nervous strain,
fatigue and stress, as well as for the respiratory
problems; help relieving asthma, bronchitis and
catarrh.
 It is very useful to deal with digestive problems,
including nausea, flatulence and hiccups as it
relaxes the stomach muscles.
 The essential oil, menthol, has analgesic, local
anaesthetic and counterirritant properties.
Menthol also found application in the
preparation of toothpaste and mouth
refresheners.
 On the skin, when used as cream or lotion, it
may help relieve itching of pruritis,
dermatitis, and hives.
 Spearmint oil is used as blended massage oil
and in the aromatic therapy to help relieve
headaches, stress, fatigue, and nervous
conditions and to relieve itching.
 When take in limits, spearmint tea can be
used safely in pregnancy. In women, it helps
reduce unwanted hairs through its anti-
androgenic properties
46.Momordica charantia
ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME
BITTER GOURD PAAGARKAI
Classification;
Kingdom: Plantae

(unranked): Angiosperms

(unranked): Eudicots

(unranked): Rosids

Order: Cucurbitales

Family: Cucurbitaceae

Genus: Momordica

Species: M. charantia
 Parts used: fruits , seeds & leaves
 Constituents:, momordicinin, cucurbitanes,
terpenoids and triterpenes, piperazine,resin
& bitter glucosides
 Actions: tonic , stomachic , stimulant ,
emetic , antibillious , laxative , alterative,
antihelminthic & galactogogue
 Indications : gout , rheumatism , disipate
melancholia & gross humours , leprosy, piles,
jaundice , night blindness , nausea, emetic &
snakebite ,
Therapeutic Uses;
 The plant is recommended for relieving the problem of
diabetes both in the normal diet and in the form of an
herbal tea. It is also known for relieving asthma, skin
infections, hypertension, and gastro intestinal ailments.
 Anti cancer properties: The aqueous extract of the plant
is known to relieve cancer.
 It also has hypoglycemic properties that help in
normalizing blood sugar levels and is prescribed to diabetic
patients.
 Anti fertility properties.
 Antilipolytic properties that is present in the herb because
of the presence of amino acids in it.
 Anti genotoxic properties that decreases the chromosome
activity in the body.
 Anthelmintic Activity due to the presence of
piperazine.
 Anti microbial properties present majorly in
the fruit of the Karela plant.
 Anti viral activity used for relieving patients
suffering from HIV.
 Hepatoprotective activity which is an
important attribute of the herb.
 47.Moringa oleifEra
ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME

DRUM STICK MURUNGAI KAAI

Classification

Kingdom: Plantae

Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Brassicales
Family: Moringaceae
Genus: Moringa
Species: M. oleifera
Habitat
 Shigru is basically native of India and wildly
found in Sub Himalayan regions of northern
India. Now it is grown in tropical and sub-
tropical regions throughout world. It is also
found in Ethiopia, Sudan, Philippines, West
East and South America, tropical Asia, Florida
and pacific island.
 Parts used: bark , root , fruit , flower , leaves
 Constituents: crystalline , alkaloid , resin ,
mucillage , inorganic acid , essential oil & fixed
oil
 Actions: antispasmodic , expectorant,stimulant ,
diuretic , antilithic , antiseptic & aphrodisiac
 Indications : cough , rheumatism , neuralgia ,
swelling , otalgia , headache , syphillis , ascitis ,
leprosy , gout , caliculi , asthma , lumbago ,
intermittent fever , paralysis , epilepsy ,
hysteria ,palsy ,dyspepsia, dental caries &
flatulence
Therapeutic Uses;
 It helps in stabilizing sugar.
 Helps in regularizing cholesterol level.
 It is a powerful antioxidant as it is packed
with vitamin A and C
 It controls blood pressure
 Helps in detoxification
 Boosts immunity
 Acts as an anti-ageing factor
 Improves digestive system
 48.Murraya koenigii
ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME
CURRY LEAF CURRY VEPILAI
Classification;
Kingdom: Plantae

(unranked): Angiosperms

(unranked): Eudicots

(unranked): Rosids

Order: Sapindales

Family: Rutaceae

Genus: Murraya

Species: M. koenigii
 Parts used: bark , root & leaves
 Constituents: carbazole, alkaloids, essential
oil, carotenoids,volatile oil , resin & koenigin
 Actions: Anti oxidant, antinociceptive,
stomachic , purgative & stimulant
 Indications : Diabetes, vomiting , dysentry ,
poisonous bite & eruption ,alzhemeirs
disease & certain types of cancer.
Therapeutic Uses;
 believed to have anti diabetic properties and
are remarkable for patients suffering from
diabetes.
 A mixture made from the curry tree is
applied on external wounds and is known to
relieve bites of poisonous animals.
 The leaves of Murraya Koenigii are eaten raw
for relieving vomiting and dysentery.
 It is an antioxidant: The antioxidant properties
of the curry tree are compared to that of
methanol extracts from Amaranthus. The curry
leaf can be beneficial for people who are
exposed to cadmium.
 Antinoiciceptive: The presence of methanol in
the leaves make the plant antinoicieptive. This
plant has proven to be work as an analgesic and
relieve problems such as paw edema as well as
pain due to inflammation.
 Lipid Lowering: extracts from the Murraya
Koenigii is used to lower lipid levels in the body.
It helps in preventing obesity and can be
prescribed to diabetic patients as well.
 Alzheimer’s disease: Dementia and
Alzheimer has become a common ailment
seen in aging people. This plant has the
property of improving cognitive functions
and reducing stress levels.
 Gastrointestinal disorders: The extract from
the seeds of the curry tree are beneficial for
gastrointestinal problems.
 Anti cancer: The properties of Murraya
Koenigii make it a herb that acts as a
preventive for cancer. It is known to improve
cell immunity as well
 Hepatoprotective: The leaf extracts of
Murraya Koenigii is known to reduce levels of
aspartate, bilirubin and alkaline
phosphatase. This leaf extract is known to
relieve the problem of liver dysfunction and
relieving hepatic complications.
 Antibacterial: The curry leaf has
antibacterial properties.
 49.Myristica fragrans
ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME
NUTMEG JADHIKAAI
Classification
 Kingdom: Plantae
 Division: Magnoliophyta
 Class: Magnoliopsida
 Order: Magnoliales
 Family: Myristicaceae
 Genus: Myristica
 Species: Fragrans
Habitat
 This herb is actually native to the Banda
Islands of Indonesia. It is also cultivated in
Grenada, India, Malaysia, West Indies and Sri
Lanka. More than 72 species of the tree
grows in India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia and North
Eastern Australia. It is found distributed in
India, in Madras State (Nilgiris, Coimbatore,
Salem, Ramanathapuram, Tirunelveli,
Kanyakumari and Madurai districts). Some
trees are also found in various localities like
in Kerala, Assam and other States.
 Parts used: dried seed & mace
 Constituents: volatile oil , proteiod fats,
starch ,fixed oil (mycistin & myristic acid) ,
essential oil - myristicans & myristicol
 Actions: aromatic , stimulant , carminative ,
narcotic , rubefacient , aperient ,
aphrodisiac , astringent & antipyretic
 Indications : delirium , tremor , insomnia ,
diarrhoea , asthma , colic , neuralgia ,
menorrhagia , dysmenorrhoea , lumbago ,
haemorrhoids , cholera , ringworm
infestation, headache & palsy
Therapeutic Uses;
 Digestive disorders: The powdered nutmeg is mixed with
the juice of apple or banana and is used to relieve patients
of diarrhea that is caused due to indigestion. Around 5 to
15 grams of nutmeg powder is used with approximately
one tablespoon of fresh amla juice around three times in a
day to relieve the problem of morning sickness and
hiccups.
 Insomnia: The nutmeg powder is used with fresh amla
juice to relieve insomnia, depression and for calming
irritability. The paste of nutmeg is used with honey and
given to infants who tend to cry excessively. This herbal
mixture is useful for inducing sleep in the children.
 Dehydration: An infusion is prepared with half a nutmeg
and half liter water. This infusion is given with coconut
water in small doses for relieving dehydration.
 Skin Disorders: The Nutmeg plant is used to relieve
problems of the skin. It is a useful remedy for
relieving the problem of ringworm and eczema. The
nutmeg paste is consumed with first thing in the
morning before cleansing the mouth.
 Rheumatism: The nutmeg is powdered crudely and
fried in til oil till all the particles turn brown in color.
This is then applied externally for relieving problems
of rheumatic pain, sciatica as well as neuralgia. It is
important to note that this oil must be applied only
after cooling.
 Common Cold: Nutmeg is useful in relieving the
problem of running nose. Paste made from cow’s milk
is applied on the forehead as well as the nose to get
relief.
 50.Nelumbo nucifera
ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME

LOTUS THAMARAI
Classification; Kingdom: Plantae

Clade: Angiosperms

Clade: Eudicots

Order: Proteales

Family: Nelumbonacee

Genus: Nelumbo

Species: N. nucifera
 Parts used: petals, seeds, leaves & roots
 Constituents: romerin, flavonoids, alkaloids,
glycosides, triterpenoid ,vitamin B & C, calcium,
phosphorus, starch, oleic acid & myristic acid.
 Action: anti inflammatory, astringent,
cardiotonic, febrifuge, hypotensive, resolvent,
stomachic, styptic, tonic and vasodilator.
 Indications : skin complexion, sunstroke,
diarrhoea, dysentery, cough, bleeding gastric
ulcers, excessive menstruation, post-partum
haemorrhage, increased urinary frequency,
premature ejaculation, haemolysis, epistasis,
uterine bleeding, hemoptysis ,fever and heart
disease.
Therapeutic Uses;
 The leaf juice is used in the treatment of diarrhoea.
 The flowers are used in the treatment of premature
ejaculation and recommended as a cardiac tonic and
a decoction of the floral receptacle is used in the
treatment of abdominal cramps and bloody
discharges
 The flower stalk is haemostatic so it is used in
treating bleeding gastric ulcers, excessive
menstruation, post-partum haemorrhage.
 The stem and the roots are used in treating urinary
frequency, premature ejaculation, haemolysis,
epistasis,uterine bleeding, hemoptysis.
 A decoction of the fruit is used in the treatment of
agitation, fever and heart complaints.
 51.Nigella sativa
ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME
SMALL FENNAL/ KARUNJ SEERAKAM
BLACK CUMMIN
Classification;
Kingdom: Plantae

Clade: Angiosperms

Clade: Eudicots

Order: Ranunculales

Family: Ranunculaceae

Genus: Nigella
Species: N. sativa
 Parts used: dried fruits & seeds
 Constituents: volatile oil , fixed oil , albumin ,
mucilage ,thymoquinone, metarbin & melanthir
 Actions: aromatic , diuretic , diaphoretic ,
analgesic, cytotoxic,antibilious , stomachic ,
stimulant,carminative,digestive,anti helminthic&
emmenogogue
 Indications : loss of appetite , diarrhea,dropsy ,
puerperal disease , hiccups, uterine contraction
,amenorrhoea , dysmenorrhoea , abortion ,
vomitting , cold , scorpian stings , eczema &
ptyriasis
Therapeutic Uses;
 Anti microbial: The plant shows strong antimicrobial
properties mainly against viruses. The essential oil
has also shown positive results against gram positive
and gram negative bacteria.
 Hepatoprotective activity: The thymoquinone in
Nigella sativa give it this property.
 Anti diabetic activity: The Nigella sativa is known to
have significant amounts of hypoglycaemic activity
due to the presence of essential oil. This is
prescribed to patients suffering from diabetes.
 Anti inflammatory property: Asthma and arthritis
cause inflammation and this can be relieved with
thymoquinone that is obtained from the seeds of the
Nigella sativa.
 Anti oxytoxic property: This helps in
providing smooth muscle contraction and
better uterine conditions.
 Cytotoxic activity: The herb contains
immunopotentiating effects and has anti
tumor benefits.
 Antihelmintic properties: This has been
found in Nigella sativa and it helps against
the problem of tapeworm infestations.
 Analgesic action: The essential oil in the
Nigella sativa provides in with analgesic
properties.
 52.Ocimum sanctum
ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME
HOLY BASIL THULASI
Classification;
Kingdom: Plantae

Clade: Angiosperms

Clade: Eudicots

Clade: Asterids

Order: Lamiales

Family: Lamiaceae

Genus: Ocimum

Species: O. tenuiflorum
 Parts used: leaves , seeds & root
 Constituents: essential oil , mucilage ,
camphor & terpene
 Actions: demulcent , expectorant ,febrifuge ,
mucilaginous , demulcent , stomachic &
expectorant
 Indications : malaria , gastric disease , ring
worm , leprosy , croup , catarrh, bronchitis ,
diarrhoea , eczema , fever , haemorrhage ,
earache , dysentry , chronic fever,vomitting,
intestinal worm infestation , snake poisoning
& febrile affection
Therapeutic Uses;
 Fever: Holy basil helps relieves various kinds of
fevers including malaria and dengue. The herbs
components induce excessive sweating, thereby,
bringing down the body temperature.
 Common Cold and Cough: Raw tulsi leaves are very
helpful in providing relief from cold and cough. Being
a very effective expectorant, the holy basil is very
useful in relieving cough and sore throat.
 Kidney Stones: Apart from strengthening the
functioning of the kidney, regular use of this herb can
help one get rid of stones in the kidney.
 Heart disease: This herb is very effective in reducing
cholesterol levels and it thus helps maintain a
healthy heart function.
 Insect Bites: Extracts from this herb can be used as a
preventive as well as reliever for insect bites; they
can be used as a mosquito repellent as well as to
relieve bites from insects like leeches and scorpions
and also snake bites.
 Mouth Ulcers: Chewing of raw basil leaves helps
relieve mouth infections including ulcers. In addition
this herb is extremely useful in maintaining dental
hygiene; its antibacterial properties help one relieve
dental problems like bad breath and pyorrhea.
 Stress: Consumption of the holy basil helps combat
both physical as well as emotional stress as well as
boost energy. The herb helps maintain the balance of
the nerves.
 Skin Problems: Holy basil is used to relieve skin
diseases due to ring worm
 Eye Problems: Eye problems like sore eyes and
night blindness can effectively be relieved with
the regular use of tulsi extracts.
 Headaches: External as well as internal
consumption of this herb provides relief from
headaches.
 Breathing Problems: Extracts from this plant are
often used to relieve respiratory problems like
asthma and bronchitis.
 Sharpen Memory: Extracts from the leaves of
this herb act as a tonic for the nerves and help
sharpen the memory too.
 Blood Purifier: This herb is an efficient blood
purifier and thus helps attain a clear and glowing
skin as well as prevent several other ailments.
 53.Oryza sativa
ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME
RICE ARISI
Classification;
Kingdom: Plantae

Clade: Angiosperms

Clade: Monocots

Clade: Commelinids

Order: Poales
Family: Poaceae

Genus: Oryza
Species: O. sativa
 Parts used: grain
 Constituents: starch , protein , oridine &
cellulose
 Actions: nutrient , demulcent & refrigerant
 Indications : small box , measles , scarlet
fever , gonorrhoea , dysentry , diarrhoea ,
fistula, laryngitis , burns , scalds , abscess,
boils , buboes , ulcer & bronchitis
Therapeutic Uses;
The chief consumption of rice is as a food
substance. The nations of which rice is the staple
diet eat it unhusked as a rule, when it is brownish
and less attractive to the eye, but much more
nutritious as well as cheaper. Having no laxative
qualities, rice forms a light and digestible food for
those in whom there is any tendency to diarrhoea
or dysentery, but it contains less potash and
vegetable acids than potatoes.
A decoction of rice, commonly called ricewater is
recommended in the Pharmacopceia of India as an
excellent demulcent, refrigerant drink in febrile
and inflammatory diseases, and in dysuria and
similar affections.
A poultice of rice may be used as a substitute
for one of linseed meal, and finely powdered
rice flour may be used, like that of wheat
flour, for erysipelas, burns, scalds, etc.
 Rice starch may be used medicinally and in
other ways in place of wheat starch.
 A few years ago the injurious habit of
chewing the raw white grains was practised
by fashionable women and girls to produce a
white velvety complexion.
 54.Panax ginseng
ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME
GINSENG GUNASEELI
Classification;
Kingdom: Plantae

(unranked): Angiosperms

(unranked): Eudicots

(unranked): Asterids

Order: Apiales
Family: Araliaceae

Genus: Panax
Subgenus: Panax

Section: Pseudoginseng

Species: P. pseudoginseng
 Parts used: roots
 Constituents: phyto oestrogen & ginsenosides
 Actions: stimulant , anti inflammative ,
immune builder , aphrodisiac , anti
cancerous , blood thinner & energising
 Indications : type II diabetes mellitus,
erectile dysfunction,alzhemier disease,
stress & alcoholic intoxication.
Therapeutic Uses;
 Panax ginseng contains active complex
carbohydrates called ginsenosides, each with the
capacity to stimulate or soothe the nervous
system, balance metabolic processes, decrease
blood sugar, improve muscle tone and stimulate
the endocrine system
 It enhances the brain’s adrenocorticotropic
hormone (ACTH) activity without involving the
adrenal glands.
 Research has shown that panax ginseng is
effective in maintaining and restoring the cell’s
capacity to function – and therefore may be
considered useful as an anti-aging treatment.
 It is an “adaptogen” supporting the body’s
functions, reduce fatigue and increasing its resistance to
physical, chemical and biological stress.

Other uses :
 Alcohol intoxication: Lowers the blood alcohol content by
reducing absorption from the stomach.
 Alzheimer’s disease: Decreasing senility and improving
memory and behavior.
 Cancer: As a therapy supplement panax ginseng is
effective with morphine analgesia and the naturally
occurring opium-containing substances that are produced
by the brain (opioids). Regular intake reduces vulnerability
to lung, liver, stomach, pancreatic and ovarian cancer.
 Heart disease: Decreases harmful LDL
cholesterol and increases beneficial
cholesterol HDL levels.
 Type 2 Diabetes: Lowers blood sugar levels.
 Sexual vitality: Increases sperm production
with a marked decrease in erectile
dysfunction.
 Immune system: Panax ginseng helps the
body fight off infection and disease.
 Menopause: Helps to relieve symptoms,
improves emotional balance with the
benefits enhanced when combined with a
vitamin and mineral supplement.
 Stress management: Panax ginseng has a
long history of use in helping the body to
deal with stress.
55.Phylanthus emblica
ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME
AMLA ARAI NEELIKKAI
 Kingdom: Plantae
Classification;
Clade: Angiosperms

Clade: Eudicots

Clade: Rosids
Order: Malpighiales

Family: Phyllanthaceae

Genus: Phyllanthus

Species: P. emblica
 Parts used: fruits & leaves
 Constituents: ascorbic acid, gallic acid, furosin
 Action: anti oxidant, anti ulcer, anti
inflammatory, hepato protective & immune
modulatory
 Indications : constipation, urine discharge, blood
dysentry, conjunctivitis bronchitis datura
poisoning, mastitis, haematuria, ringworm
infestation, abscess, diarrhea, coli bacillosis,
indigestion, glossitis, lumbar fracture, burns,
wounds, loss of memory & low IQ
Therapeutic Uses;
 The fruits of the Phyllanthus emblica are used
mainly as a tonic. This tonic is prescribed for use
usually during the winter season for relieving
problems of constipation, urine discharge,
memory as well as intelligence.
 The paste of the fruit powder is externally
applied on the scalp and the skin as an alternate
for soap.
 The leaves of the Phyllanthus emblica are used
to relieve conjunctivitis as well as bronchitis.
 The powdered root bark is also used with honey
as an external applicator on mouth ulcers.
 The fruits of the Phyllanthus emblica are also
used in food preparations.
 The plant is also useful in relieving problems
blood dysentery, datura poisoning, mastitis,
haematuria, ringworm infestation, abscess,
diarrhea, coli bacillosis, indigestion, glossitis,
lumbar fracture, burns as well as wounds.
 Hypolipidaemic property: The Phyllanthus
emblica has lipid lowering as well as anti
atherosclerotic actions.
 Antiviral Activity: The methanolic extract
obtained from the fruits show significant
inhibitory and anti viral activity.
 Hepatoprotective activity
 Hypoglycaemic activity
 Work against acute necrotizing pancreatitis
 56.Piper longum
ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME
LONG PEPPER THIPPILI
Classification
 Kingdom: Plantae
 Division: Magnoliophyta
 Class: Magnolipsida
 Order: Piperales
 Family: Piperaceae
 Genus: Piper
 Species: Longum
Habitat
 Piper longum is herb found growing in the
hotter parts of India, from central Himalayas
to Assam, Khasi and Mikir hills and Assam,
Tamil Naidu, Andra Pradesh also. Also found
in forest of Western Ghats from Konkan to
Kerala. In countries other than India are
Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Sri Lanka and
in other South East Asian regions.
 Parts used: immature berries & stems
 Constituents: resin , volatile oil , starch &
piperine
 Actions: stimulant , carminative,alternative ,
tonic , aphrodisiac , diuretic , vermifuge ,
emmenogue & rubefacient
 Indications : hiccups , hoarse voice,asthma ,
cough , flatulence , coryza , piles,anorexia ,
coma , drowsiness , sciatica , paraplegia ,
palsy , gout , rheumatism , lumbago &
scorpian sting
Therapeutic Uses;
 It is known for Detoxifying the lungs; it helps in Removing Cold
and Congestion.
 It also helps to Rejuvenate the Lungs and lung disorders. It even
helps in expelling out the mucus accumulated in the respiratory
tract.
 It reduces the frequency of paroxysm, which causes the
infection.
 To treat Cough it is given along with Rock Salt in a mixture of
Cow Ghee and Honey in an unequal amount.
 It acts as a Bronchodilator, Decongestant and an Expectorant, it
helps to remove accumulated mucus from the respiratory tract.
 It also helps to deal with Indigestion, as it cleanses the lining of
the intestines, it helps to improve Appetite. It enhances
Digestion, assimilation and metabolism of food. It helps to digest
endotoxin.
 57.Piper nigrum
ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME
BLACK PEPPER MILAGU
Classification;
Kingdom: Plantae

Clade: Angiosperms

Clade: Magnoliids

Order: Piperales

Family: Piperaceae

Genus: Piper
Species: P. nigrum
 Parts used: dried unripe fruit
 Constituents: piperine , piperidine , essential
oil , fat & chavicin
 Actions: carminative , antiperiodic ,
rubifacient & antipyretic
 Indications : cholera , dyspepsia ,flatulence ,
diarrhoea , constipation , piles , colic ,
gastric troubles , ascities , anaemia ,worms ,
asthma , haemorrhoids , sore throat ,
alopecia, paralysis , hoarseness , toothache ,
gonorrhoea & scorpian sting
Therapeutic Uses;
 Black Pepper is extremely useful for respiratory
disorders and asthma. For such type of patients, it is
suggested to give the mix of black pepper powder in
the dose of 500 mg. along with honey.
 In case of hoarse voice, dental caries, bad breadth,
the gargling of Black Pepper Powder along with salt
and warm water may be used. This mix is also useful
for upper respiratory infections such as uvulitis,
recurrent sore throat, pharyngitis, and mouth
diseases.
 The people who are non -vegetarian, especially
should use the Black Pepper Powder in their diet. The
use of this ingredients helps in digestion and also give
reliefs from gaseous distension and indigestion
 Black pepper is also used in the weakness and loosening of
the anal sphincter especially in case of piles.
 For Headache and migraine, nasal drops of Black pepper
powder prepared in milk is used. It helps to remove the
chronic headache. The same preparation can also be used
as local application on fore head in the form of paste.
 In case of chronic dysentery, black powder should be taken
in the dose of 500 mg. thrice a day along with oil.
 Black pepper reduces itching and discharge through the
lesions when used in the form of local application on skin
disorders.
 Black pepper works as an antidote in the indigestion
caused due to excessive intake of pure fats such as butter.
 58.Plantago indica
ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME
PSYLLUM SEED ISABAGOL
Classification
Kingdom: Plantae

Clade: Angiosperms

Clade: Eudicots

Clade: Asterids

Order: Lamiales

Family: Plantaginaceae

Tribe: Plantagineae

Genus: Plantago
 Parts used: seed
 Constituents: mucilage,fixed
oil,tannins,glycosides,sugars & sterols
 Action: astringent, anti toxic, anti microbial,
demulcent& diuretic
 Indications : diarrhoea,constipation, irritable
bowl syndrome,chronic dysentry,
gonnorrhoea,febrile conditions and
affections of kidneys,bladder,urethra.
Therapeutic Uses:
 Internally for recurring constipation and
irritable bowel syndrome with recurring
constipation and softening of the stools (eg,
anal fissures, haemorrhoids, following rectal
examinations and pregnancy), also for "bowel
care" with irritable bowel syndrome and
drug-treated diverticulitis and to retain the
digestive system with a low fibre diet and for
short-term symptomatic treatment of
nonspecific diarrhoea.
 Decoction of the seed is prescribed for cold
& cough.
 Crushed seeds made into poultice are applied
to rhumatic and glandular swellings.
 59.Punica granatum
ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME
POMGRANATE MADHULAI
Classification;
Kingdom: Plantae

Clade: Angiosperms

Clade: Eudicots

Clade: Rosids
Order: Myrtales

Family: Lythraceae

Genus: Punica
Species: P. granatum
 Parts used: flower , fruit , bark of the stem &
roots
 Constituents: tannin , tannic acid , mannite ,
pectin , gum , pelleterine & opelleterine
 Actions: anti – helminthic , stomachic ,
refrigerant , styptic & astringent
 Indications : diarrhoea , dysentry , bronchitis
, bronchorrhoea , splenic enlargement ,
malaria , haemoturia , haemoptysis ,
dyspepsia , fever , thirst & conjunctivitis
Therapeutic Uses;
 Intestinal disorders
The astringent and anti-inflammatory effect of pomegranate
on the digestive tract makes its consumption beneficial in
cases of infectious diarrhea caused by colitis. Its intake may
also be of immense benefit in cases of flatulence, Crohn’s
disease, and intestinal cramps.
Fiber has been proven on numerous occasions to also
stimulate the growth of beneficial microorganisms in the gut.
It helps increase the peristaltic action of the intestine in
moving stool down the colon. This is in addition to its benefit
in adding some bulk to stool – an action that lessens the
severity of constipation. It also stimulates the production of
digestive enzymes necessary for breaking food particles into
smaller pieces
Hypertension;
A significant reduction in blood pressure was noticed
after just 2-weeks of pomegranate juice consumption.
This finding reveal pomegranate juice to be an
effective cardioprotective supplement for most people
suffering from hypertension.
Anemia ;
Although the iron content of pomegranates is small,
many still believe that it can be beneficial for those
suffering from iron-deficiency anemia. Pomegranates
also contain small amounts of vitamin C and copper.
Cardiovascular disease;
The daily consumption of pomegranate juice has been
found to improve stress-induced myocardial ischemia in
patients who have coronary heart disease.
Antiaging ;
It is rich in flavonoids and numerous antioxidants.
These compounds both help stop the aging process
of the arteries.
Arthritis ;
pomegranate extracts to have arthritis inhibitory
effect and proved it beneficial for the treatment
of osteoarthritis, and other inflammatory diseases.
Erectile dysfunction ;
consumption of pomegranate juice to be
beneficial in people with mild to moderate
erectile dysfunction .
 60.Rauvolfia serpentina
ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME
SARPAGANTHA/SERPENTINA SIVANMEL PODI
Classification
 Kingdom: Plantae
 Division: Magnoliophyta
 Class: Magnoliopsida
 Order: Gentianales
 Family: Apocynaceae
 Genus: Rauwolfia
 Species: Serpentina
Habitat
 This plant is found in India, Pakistan, Sri
Lanka and Burma as well as in Thailand. In
India, it is distributed in the sub-Himalayan
tract from Punjab to Nepal, Sikkim and
Bhutan and it is also found in the lower hills
of Gangetic plains, Andaman, Eastern and
Western Ghats. In India, it is found in moist
deciduous forest and shady areas at a height
of 4000 feet above the sea level. It is never
found growing in bulk at a single place. In
short, it is widely cultivated in many parts of
the India.
 Parts used: roots & leaves
 Constituents: ophioxylin , resin , starch ,
ajmaline , ajmalinine , ajmalicine ,
serpentine , serpentinine , phytosterol &
oleic acid ,
 Actions: sedative, febrifuge, anti
inflammatory, anti oxidant, immuno
modulatory, hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic &
anti carcinogenic.
 Indications :Hypertension,opacity of cornea ,
insomnia , urticaria, hypochondria , irritative
condition of CNS, hysteria & insanity.
Therapeutic Uses;
 High Blood Pressure: Those alkaloids which have a direct
effect on hypertension. its root in a powdered form is
used. Half a teaspoon of which taken thrice a day is
effective in relieving hypertension.
 Hysteria: Rauwolfia is found beneficial in relieving
hysteria. One gram of powdered root can be taken thrice
with milk. Urticaria: This herb relieves itching in Urticaria.
One gram of powdered root can be taken with water to
relieve the concern.
 Insanity: This herb is very beneficial in relieving insanity.
it is highly recommended for those irritable patients who
have strong physique. Lean and weak patients should go
for blood pressure examination before taking this drug.
 Insomnia: This herb has sedative properties, so it is very
useful in relieving insomnia. Some people misuse it to put
infant to sleep which is highly not recommended.
 61.Ricinus communis
ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME
CASTOR OIL PLANT AAMANAKU
Classification
 Kingdom:Plantae
 Clade:Angiosperms
 Clade:Eudicots
 Clade:Rosids
 Order:Malpighiales
 Family:Euphorbiaceae
 Genus:Ricinus
L.Species:R. communis
Habitat
 This plant is originally native to the Middle
East and northeastern Africa. Later it
become distributed as a weed everywhere in
tropical and sub-tropical regions of the
world. Mainly it grows in waste farms, rocky
hillsides and on the edges of cultivated
lands.
 Parts used: oil , leaves , root & seed
 Constituents: ricinoteate , palmetin ,stearon,
resin & tristearin
 Actions: purgative , galactogogue, anti
inflammatery, emmanogogue &
antihelminthic
 Indications : gouty , rheumatic swelling ,
scorbion sting , lumbago , pleurodynia ,
worm infestation, sciatica & piles
Therapeutic Uses;
 Its oil and seed (castor oil and castor seed)
extracts have been used as an internal medicine
in folk medicine for disorders like severe
constipation, worm infestation, rheumatism,
intestinal inflammation and also for birth
control.
 The oil is used for external application to relieve
furuncles, boils, headaches, inflammation of the
middle ear, inflammatory skin disorders.
 In China the medicine has been used in
traditional medicine for facial paralysis, sore
throat, furuncles, dry stool, inflammation of the
skin and ulcers.
 The root of the plant has been used for
relieving liver disorders and different forms
of inflammation.
 The leaves are used as anti-inflammatory and
emmenagogue (stimulate menstruation in
women).
 Castor oil is being used as a lubricant in the
candy production, as a component of flavour,
as an ingredient for preparing protective
coatings for tablets.
 Constipation: Since ancient times castor oil is
being used as a laxative. It has Ricinoleic acid
which shows effect on the intestinal mucosa and
results in fluid secretion.
 Worms: When castor oil is consumed it expels
tape worms from the intestine.
 Arthritis, muscle aches and back ache: Castor
oil should be applied topically for getting relief
from general muscle aches, arthritis and back
ache.
 Joint pains: A cloth soaked in castor oil should
be used to cover the affected area. A plastic
cling film can be used so that the cloth stays in
place. A hot water bottle should be placed on
the cloth. This application relieves joint pains.
 Insomnia: For sleeplessness and insomnia, the person
is advised to rub a little castor oil on the eyelids
before sleeping. Castor oil brings in a feeling of
relaxation and sleep is induced.
 Skin infections: To relieve skin infections, castor oil
should be applied on the affected area regularly.
 Stomach ache: For getting relief from stomach ache,
warm castor oil should be applied on the abdomen
and bellybutton. It relieves stomach ache or colic
even in new born babies and helps them to sleep
peacefully.
 Menstrual cramps: Massaging castor oil on the lower
abdomen for cramps during menstruation reduces the
pain.
 Menstrual cramps: Massaging castor oil on the lower
abdomen for cramps during menstruation reduces the pain.
 Swollen lymph nodes: Castor oil influences the circulation
of lymphatic system and its application on the swollen
lymph nodes will gradually reduce the size.
 Urinary tract infections: Applying castor oil on the
infected part and leaving it for half an hour will reduce
vaginal and urinary infections.
 Gall bladder pain: Pain in the stomach due to the
presence of gall stones will reduce if castor oil pack is
applied.
 Aching feet and corns: For tired feet, castor oil can be
applied and socks should be worn to keep the feet warm.
With this management corns and calluses also will soften.
 62.Rosemarinus OFFICINALIS
officinaliTAMIL
ENGLISH NAME officinalis
NAME
ROSEMARY
ROSEMARY/THALISA
BATRI
 Classification;
Kingdom: Plantae

Clade: Angiosperms

Clade: Eudicots

Clade: Asterids

Order: Lamiales

Family: Lamiaceae

Genus: Rosmarinus

Species: R. officinalis
 Parts used: flower
 Constituents: alpha pirene , camphene ,
limonine & borneol
 Actions: analgesic , antidepressant ,
astringent , carminative , digestive ,
diuretic, emmenagogue , hypertensive ,
nervine tonic & hepatic toner
 Indications : headache , migrine , neuralgia ,
intestinal inflammation , diarrhoea ,
dyspepsia , flatulence , jaundice ,
rheumatoid arthritis , osteoarthritis , gout &
varicosity
Therapeutic Uses;
 Memory
 One of the earliest documented uses of
rosemary for health reasons was as a cognitive
stimulant. It was said to improve memory and
helped increase intelligence and focus. While
many of those claims are still being researched
and studied, its effects on the brain do indicate
an increase in memory retention. In that same
vein, rosemary has been linked to stimulating
cognitive activity in the elderly as well as those
suffering from acute cognitive disorders, such as
Alzheimer’s or dementia. This is an exciting
alternative or supplement to more modern
treatments for these yet incurable conditions.
 Mood and Stress
 The aroma of rosemary alone has
been linked to improving mood, clearing the
mind, and relieving stress in those with
chronic anxiety or stress hormone
imbalances. When the plant is consumed or
applied topically in some sort of salve of the
leaves, it can have similar
effects. Aromatherapy also uses rosemary
essential oil for this purpose, but
the concentration of active components may
not necessarily have positive effects on
stress and mood.
 Immunity
 The active components in rosemary are
antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-
carcinogenic in nature. This represents a
three-pronged attack against many different
diseases and pathogens that could threaten
the immune system or damage the integrity
of the body. Antioxidant compounds make a
secondary line of defense behind the body’s
own immune system, and rosemary contains
a significant amount of them, including
rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, betulic acid,
and carnosol.
 Antibacterial
 While the general immune boosting qualities of rosemary
are impressive enough, it is specifically powerful against
bacterial infections , particularly those in the stomach. H.
pylori bacteria are a dangerous pathogen that can cause
stomach ulcers and rosemary has been shown to prevent
its growth when consumed. Similarly, it is linked to
preventing staph infections, which kill thousands of people
each year.
 Soothes Stomach
 Rosemary has traditionally been used by dozens of cultures
as a natural remedy for upset stomachs, constipation,
bloating, and diarrhea. Its anti-inflammatory and stimulant
effects are largely the cause of these effects, so adding
it to your weekly diet can quickly help you regulate your
bowel movements and your gastrointestinal system.
 Breath
 As a natural antibacterial agent, rosemary works
as a wonderful breath freshener that also
improves your oral health. Steep rosemary
leaves in a glass of hot water and then gargle or
swish the water in your mouth to eliminate
bacteria, and you will have naturally fresh and
clean breath all night
 Blood Flow
 Rosemary acts as a stimulant for the body and
boosts the production of red blood cells and
blood flow. This helps oxygenate vital organs,
ensuring their metabolic activities, and in
addition, stimulating the movement of nutrients
to cells that require repair.
 Pain
 Asan analgesic substance, rosemary has
been topically applied in a paste or salve for
hundreds of years to the affected area of the
pain. When consumed orally, it acts as a pain
reliever for areas harder to reach such
as headaches and pain from a condition. In
fact, a popular use of rosemary is for the
treatment of migraines. Applying a decoction
to the temples, or simply smelling its aroma
has been linked to reducing the severity of
migraine symptoms
 Anti-inflammatory
 Perhaps the most important function of rosemary is
as an anti-inflammatory agent in the body. Carnosol
and carnosic acids are two powerful antioxidants and
anti-inflammatory compounds found in rosemary
that have been linked to reducing inflammation of
muscles, blood vessels, and joints. This makes it an
effective treatment for many things, including blood
pressure, gout, arthritis, and injuries sustained
during physical exertion or surgery. It is effective in
oral or topical form for these anti-inflammatory
effects. Furthermore, the reduction in inflammation
in the cardiovascular system can help
boost heart health and prevent atherosclerosis from
appearing
Detoxifies the Body
 Rosemary is slightly diuretic in nature, meaning
that it can help flush out toxins efficiently
during urination. Furthermore, by increasing the
rate at which water leaves the body, it can also
help push out pathogens, salts, toxins, and even
excess fat when consumed regularly (or when
you’re feeling particularly “toxified”). In terms
of the particular organ it benefits, it has been
linked to lower levels of cirrhosis and a faster
healing time of the liver, which is one of the
slowest organs to heal.
 Skin Care
 The anti-aging properties of rosemary are
quite well known. Although more commonly
thought of in its essential oil form, the
leaves of rosemary can also affect the skin
internally or topically and have been shown
to improve the quality of the skin, while
also healing blemishes and increasing the
natural shine and hydrated appearance of
your body’s largest organ.
 63.Santalum album
ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME
WHITE SANDALWOOD SANTHANAM
Classification
 Kingdom - Plantae
 Subkingdom - Tracheobionta
 Superdivision - Spermatophyta
 Division - Magnoliophyta
 Class - Magnoliopsida
 Subclass - Rosidae
 Order - Santalales
 Family - Santalaceae
 Genus - Santalum
Habitat
 Chandan is found in countries like India,
Indonesia, Australia and New Zealand. These
flourish well from the sea level up to 1800 m in
sandy, lateritic and loamy soil. Trees found on
stony hills have high content of scent in their
woods.
 In India, it is found mainly in Karnataka and
Tamil Nadu. In Tamil Nadu, it distributed over
3000 sq. kms in Javadis hills, Chitteri hills and
Yelagri hills. It is also found in states like Orissa,
Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh,
Kerala, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and
Manipur.
 Parts used: wood , volatile oil
 Constituents: resin , tannic acid
 Action: tittered , cooling , sedative ,
diaphoretic , aphrodisiac , astringent ,
disinfectant, diuretic , expectorant &
stimulant
 Indications : erysipelas puriga , sudamina ,
fever , thirst , gonorrhoea , prickly heat &
copious perspiration , bronchitis , cystitis ,
urethral haemorrhage , pyelitis , chronic
cystitis , bronchial catarract , pimples &
scabis
Therapeutic Uses;
 Gastric Irritability: Santalum album is quite
effective in relieving excessive gas. A watery
emulsion of the wood is mixed with sugar, honey
and rice water should be consumed orally.
 Dysentery: Sandalwood is also useful for
relieving dysentery. It is to be consumed in the
same way as gastric irritability.
 Genital – Urinary Disorders: Santalum album is
beneficial in the management of gonorrhea.
Sandalwood power can be mixed with milk and
are made into pills and can be consumed.
Sandalwood can also be used in relieving dysuria
and cystitis.
 Prickly Heat: Sandalwood paste is popularly
known to relieve prickly heat. It helps to stop
excessive sweating and relieves inflamed skin. In
order to relieve abundant sweating one can
apply dry sandalwood oil mixed with rose water
to various parts of the body.
 Skin Diseases: It can relieve different types of
skin diseases such as erysipelas. It is an
inflammatory disease of the face and prurigo,
which is an itchy eruption. An emulsion or paste
of the wood can be applied in order to relieve
the symptoms of the disease. Sandalwood oil is
quite effective for removing scabies. The oil can
be used for relieving acne or pimples as well.
 Fever: When Santalum is applied on the
temple it helps to get rid of headaches and
lowers down the temperature of the fever.
 Relieving Powers: Both sandalwood as well
as sandalwood oil is useful in arresting
secretion of bleeding as well as promoting
the flow of urine. It also has a soothing
effect on skin and mucous membranes.
 64.Salvia officinalis
ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME
SAGE
Classification;
Kingdom: Plantae

Clade: Angiosperms

Clade: Eudicots

Clade: Asterids

Order: Lamiales

Family: Lamiaceae

Genus: Salvia
Species: S. officinalis
 Parts used: fresh leaves
 Constituents: Essential oil , tannic acid ,
ursonic acid , cornsol & rosmasinic acid
 Actions: antihidrotic , abortifacient
 Indications : fatigue , cough , catarrh ,
angina , aphthae , menstrual disorders ,
cystitis , chronic liver , kidney disease ,
phthisis , rheumatoid arthritis , alzheimers
disease, snake bite & fertility
Therapeutic Uses;
 Stress: Using sage leaves while making tea works
miracles towards reducing stress. The leaves
used could either be fresh or dry; they will
provide the similar results as well as taste.
 Infections: The leafy shoots of Salvia Officinalis
since ancient times were believed to guard
against plague and other infections.
 Premature Graying of Hair: Salvia Officinalis is
used to prevent premature grey hairs of person,
if it’s blended in hair tonics.
 Sore Throat: Salvia Officinalis is added in
gargles and mouthwashes; it helps to clear the
respiratory tract and provides congestion relief.
The leaves can be rubbed on the teeth in order
to produce a sparkling white smile as well as
strong and healthy gums. Sore throat can
effectively be relieved by doing gargles.
 Other Uses: It is popularly used while preparing
dishes in the west. It commonly used in
preparing pork, fish, duck and goose. Fresh sage
leaves can be added in salads as well
sandwiches. Dried and powdered leaves could be
sprinkled on cheese and mixed with cooked
vegetables
 65.Sesamum Indicum
ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME
GINGELLY SEEDS ELLU
Classification;
Kingdom: Plantae

Clade: Angiosperms

Clade: Eudicots

Clade: Asterids

Order: Lamiales

Family: Pedaliaceae

Genus: Sesamum

Species: S. indicum
 Parts used: seeds , fixed oil
 Constituents: fixed oil , proteids , fiber ,
oleic & linoleic acid
 Actions: laxative , emollient, demulcent ,
diuretic , nourishing , lactogogue &
emmenogogue
 Indications : dysentry , scorbion sting ,
constipation , cough , aphrodisiac ,
amenorrhoea , ulcer , burns , scalds &
cholera
 Hypertension
 Thenatural oils of sesame seeds have been
connected to a reduction in hypertension in a
number of research studies, which reduces
the strain on your cardiovascular system and
help prevent various cardiac conditions.
Furthermore, magnesium has long been
known as a vasodilator (an agent that
reduces blood pressure) and these seeds are
packed with this essential mineral,
containing up to 25% of your daily
requirement in a single serving.
 Cancer
 With the wide range of essential vitamins and
minerals in sesame seeds, it is no surprise that it has
been linked to a reduction in the risk of cancer.
Beyond the role of these common minerals, including
the powerful anti-carcinogenic effects of magnesium,
the seeds of sesame also contain phytate, an
uncommon cancer-preventing compound that
functions as an antioxidant and reduces the effects of
free radicals. Free radicals are the dangerous
byproducts of cellular metabolism that have been
connected to many forms of cancer and various other
conditions like heart diseases, premature aging, and
cognitive malfunctions. Sesame seeds have also been
linked to leukemia, breast, lung, pancreatic, colon,
and prostate cancers for its positive effects.
 Diabetes
 The components of sesame seeds, like
magnesium, have been connected to reducing
the chances of diabetes and managing its
symptoms in patients having already developed
the condition. Furthermore, it has been shown
that sesame seed oil can positively affect the
impact of various medications like glibenclamide
in patients suffering from type 2 diabetes. It
improves this medication’s functionality and
further regulates the insulin and glucose levels in
the body, thereby helping to manage the
symptoms of diabetes.
 Bone Health
 The impressive levels of essential minerals like zinc, calcium, and
phosphorus found in sesame seeds can be a major boost for your
bone health. These minerals are integral parts in creating new
bone matter, and strengthening/repairing bones that may be
weakened by injury or the onset of debilitating bone conditions
like osteoporosis.
 Improve Digestion
 These little seeds pack a significant amount of fiber. Fiber is an
important element in healthy digestion, as it bulks up bowel
movements and helps them move through the digestive tract, as
well as stimulate peristaltic motion as food moves through the
smooth intestine. This activity can reduce conditions
like constipation and diarrhea, while simultaneously protecting
the health of your colon and reducing the chances of
gastrointestinal diseases and cancer. Fiber also works for your
heart, by scraping out dangerous LDL cholesterol from arteries
and blood vessels, thereby protecting against atherosclerosis,
heart attacks, and strokes.
 Inflammation
 The high content of copper in sesame seeds has
a number of valuable functions, including
the reduction of inflammation in joints, bones,
and muscles, thereby reducing the associated
pain of arthritis. Furthermore, copper is an
essential mineral for strengthening the blood
vessels, bones, and joints. Finally, copper is
necessary for the proper uptake of iron, a key
component of hemoglobin. Therefore, proper
copper content in the body maximizes
circulation and ensures that the organ systems of
the entire body receive enough oxygen to
 Radiation
 One of the organic compounds in sesame
seeds is called sesamol, and it has been
associated with protecting DNA from
the harmful effects of radiation. This
radiation could come from accidental sources
or from the treatment of cancer by
chemotherapy and radiotherapy. By
protecting the DNA from mutation due to
radiation, these seeds can boost strength and
reduce the chances of contracting other
forms of cancer due to cellular mutation.
 Oral Health
 Perhaps the most notable effects of sesame
seeds are its powerful effects on oral health.
The process called oil pulling, in which
certain amounts of sesame seed oil is
swished around the mouth can have a strong
antibacterial and astringent effect on all
aspects of oral health. It is also closely
associated with reducing the presence of
the Streptococcus bacteria, a common
bacteria that can wreak havoc on your oral
cavities and other parts of your body.
 Skin & Hair Care
 As mentioned, sesame seeds contain high levels
of zinc, a vital component in the formation of
collagen, which strengthens the muscle tissue,
hair, and skin. Also, sesame seed oil has been
shown to reduce the appearance of burns and
marks on the skin, as well as signs of premature
aging.
 Boost Metabolic Function
 Sesame seeds contain a high amount of protein,
which gets broken down and reassembled from
its component parts into usable proteins for the
human body. This adds to overall strength,
healthy cellular growth, mobility, energy levels,
and a boosted metabolic function.
66.Syzygium aromaticum
ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME
CLOVES KRAMBU
Classification
 Kingdom: Plantae
 Class: Equisetopsida
 Subclass: Magnoliidae
 Superorder: Rosanae
 Order: Myrtales
 Family: Myrtaceae
 Genus: Syzygium
 Species: Aromaticum
Habitat
 This herb is found in Sri Lanka, Mauritius,
Tanzania and Singapore. In India, it is mostly
grown in Tamil Nadu and Kerala.
 Parts used: lower buds
 Constituents: eugenol, triterpene & oleanolic
acid
 Action: analgesic, antiemetic, aphrodisiac,
antihelminthic & carminative
 Indications : mouth fresher, tooth ache, head
ache, diarrhoea, stomach and bowel ailments
Therapeutic Uses;
 as a stimulant is very useful in relieving
problems of spasmodic disorders. It relieves
flatulence and stimulates the sluggishness of
blood circulation promoting digestion.
 The oil of cloves regulates the body
temperature and can stimulate the skin by
producing heat.
 Digestive Disorders: Cloves improve
enzymatic flow and the digestive system. It
can also relieve dyspepsia as well as control
gastric irritability. Licking the powder made
of fried cloves with honey is effective in
controlling vommitting.
 Cholera: Relieving cholera is also possible by
consuming clove in the right quantity.
 Coughs: Chew on clove and salt relieves the
irritation in the throat and helps in relieving
pharyngitis (inflammation of the pharynx).
 Asthma: Clove is a very effective remedy for
relieving patients suffering from asthma. A
decoction of the plant taken with honey can
work wonders for an asthamtic patient.
 Teeth Disorder: Clove is suggested for
people who complain of tooth ache. It helps
in decreasing infection and has remarkable
antiseptic properties. Clove oil is also
applied on decaying tooth.
 Ear Ache: Clove sauted in sesame oil can
help in relieving the problem of pain in the
ear.
 Muscular Cramps: Clove oil applied as a
poultice near the cramped area helps in
relaxing the muscle.
 Head aches: Paste made of clove and salt
with milk is a household remedy used for
relieving headaches.
 Stye: Inflammation around the eyelash can
be relieved by using a clove stub and water
on the affected area.
 67.Tamarindus indica
ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME
TAMARIND TREE PULI
Classification;
Kingdom: Plantae

(unranked): Angiosperms

(unranked): Eudicots

(unranked): Rosids

Order: Fabales

Family: Fabaceae

Subfamily: Detarioideae

Genus: Tamarindus
L.

Species: T. indica
 Parts used: fruits , seeds , leaves , flowers &
bark
 Constituents: tartaric acid , citric acid ,
malic acid , acetic acid , gum & pestin
 Actions: fruit , carminative, digestive ,
digestive , laxative, antiscorbutic ,
antibillary & astringent
 Indications : constipation , fever, sunstroke ,
scurvy , aphthous , sorethroat , diarrhoea ,
dysentry , conjunctivitis & piles
Therapeutic Uses;
 known to enhance appetite, improve
digestion and prevent constipation. On
heating the bark with salt in an earthen
vessel, an ash is obtained; doses of which
give relief from stomach aches and cramps
amongst other digestion related problems.
 Scurvy: As a result of being rich in vitamin C,
Tamarind helps in preventing and relieving
scurvy. However, one must ensure that the herb
doesn’t dry and lose its antiscorbutic property
like other fruits and vegetables.
 Common Cold: The best remedy for a nasal
blockage and cold is a hot clear soup called
‘rasam’. It is made by mixing Tamarind, pepper
and a teaspoon of ghee in boiling water.
 Fevers: Tamarind is often used to relieve fever. A
mixture made by boiling 30 grams of the fruit’s
pulp in half a litre of milk and adding dates,
doves, sugar, cardamoms and a little camphor
works wonders in reducing fever.
 Dysentery: Pulverised seeds of the tamarind fruit, when taken in
doses of 6.25 decigrams, with the same quantity of cumin and
sugar thrice a day aid in relieving dysentery. Moreover, the
aforementioned remedial drink for fever also provides relief from
dysentery.
 Burns: By burning the leaves of tamarind tree over fire in a
covered pot, crushing them into a fine powder and mixing it in
gingelly (til) oil, and applying the mixture over a wound, the burn
gets relieved within a matter of days. It also protects the wound
from moisture and germs .These valuable leaves also prevent
oedema leaving the skin healthy and radiant.
 Inflammation of Joints: Tamarind leaves aid in reducing swelling
and pain of inflamed joints. They are crushed and mixed in water
before being applied on the affected areas.
 Sore Throat: Gargling with tamarind water gives significant relief
from a sore throat. Gargle water made with powdered dry leaves
or a brew made with the bark of the tree, both prove miraculous
in relieving sore throats.
 68.Terminalia chebula
ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME
INDIAN GALL NUT KADUKKAI
Classification
Kingdom: Plantae

Clade: Angiosperms

Clade: Eudicots

Clade: Rosids
Order: Myrtales

Family: Combretaceae

Genus: Terminalia

Species: T. chebula
Habitat
 Haritaki is native to India and it is also
distributed in china, Nepal and Sri Lanka. In
India it is widely distributed in sub-
Himalayan track from Ravi to west Bengal
and Assam. It is also cultivated in Fiji,
Pakistan, Malaysia, Philippines, Vietnam,
Cambodia and Indonesia.
 Parts used: dried fruits & immature fruits
 Constituents: tannin , garlic acid , mucilage
& chebulinic acid
 Actions: purgative , laxative , alternative ,
stomachic , tonic , aperient & antibilious
 Indications : urinary disease , piles , scorpian
stings , rheumatism , diarrhoea , dysentry ,
flatulence , vomitting , hiccups , colic ,
enlarged spleen & liver , opthalmia ,
stomatitis , ulcerative gums , carious teeth &
asthma
Therapeutic Uses;
 It detoxifies and nourishes all the body
tissues. it is best for purifying the channels
of the body.
 It helps to improve the digestive system &
helps in healthy digestion of food.
 It helps to strengthen the nerves & five
senses (sight, hearing, touch, smell & taste).
 It helps in maintaining normal body
temperature.
 It helps in strengthening the female
reproductive organs like a uterus.
Health Benefits;
Hair Loss and Dandruff
 Haritaki is a very useful remedy for hair fall in
the form of Haritaki herbal oil. It also prevents
Dandruff and Lice infection. Regular use of
Haritaki oil is good for your hairs.
 To make Haritaki oil, heat a cup of coconut oil
in a pan and add three haritaki pods(fruit).Once
it has turned brown and the outer shell cracks,
take it out of flame and let it cool.
 When it cools down, store it in a bottle and use
according to your need.
Constipation
 Haritaki is a natural laxative and contains
dietary fibers which are digestive agents fights
with constipation. Haritaki is a natural remedy
for Constipation Patients.
 Constipation Patients take Haritaki in the form
of Haritaki Powder with water as a drug dosage
to fight with constipation. You can buy it online
or make it at home.
 To make haritaki powder at home, take haritaki
fruit, remove the seed from it and sundry the
peel of the fruit.
 Take the peel and churn it in the grinder to make
a powder. Store the powder in the bottle and use
it with water whenever needed
Acne and Ulcers
 Haritaki has antibacterial properties which
make it very effective for treating acne and
ulcers. Take haritaki powder and boiled
water, make a paste and apply it on acne and
ulcer spotted skin.
 It heals acne very quickly and prevents scars
from forming
Skin Allergies
 Haritaki is very useful in fighting with skin
allergies. It treats skin allergies in the ears and
nose caused by earrings and nose ring.
Ornaments made of Gold and Silver don’t cause
any skin allergy but artificial jewelry made of
metal cause allergies and skin rashes.
 Haritaki Paste is the best remedy for this
problem.To make a Haritaki paste, take haritaki
fruit and rub it on sandalwood stone with little-
boiled water. After rubbing it against
sandalwood, you found light green color paste,
take this paste and apply on the infected skin.
Cough And Cold
 It is a very useful remedy for preventing
cough and cold naturally. The dosage of
Haritaki powder mixed with honey will treat
a cough and cold effectively. It also cures
gingivitis and sore throat.
Immunity
 Haritaki acts as an immunity booster and
increases longevity if it’s powder is taken
regularly fried in ghee
Diabetes
 It helps in regulating blood sugar levels and decreases
insulin sensitivity in the body, so it is a very useful
remedy Diabetes patients. One more thing as many
diabetic medicines has side effects along with
regulating blood sugar levels, but haritaki do not
have any side effects at all.
Weight Loss
 Haritaki is a natural blood purifier. It helps in remove
toxins from the body and keeps digestive system on
track as it contains dietary fibers which help in
digestion of food.
 Taking Haritaki in the form of powder daily regulate
hunger and combined with balanced diet and regular
exercise will aid in weight loss naturally.
 69.Thymus vulgaris
ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME
THYME
Classification;
Kingdom: Plantae

Clade: Angiosperms

Clade: Eudicots

Clade: Asterids

Order: Lamiales

Family: Lamiaceae

Genus: Thymus

Species: T. vulgaris
 Parts used: flower, leaves
 Constituents: cymene, phenol, pinene,
borneol & linalol,
 Action: anti septic, anti spasmodic &
carminative
 Indications : cold,fever, gastric fermentation,
wind spasm and colic
 Therapeutic Uses;

High blood pressure

Researchers at the University of Belgrade, in
Serbia, found that an aqueous extract obtained
from wild thyme reduced blood pressure in tests
on rats. Rats tend to have similar responses to
humans when they have hypertension, so the
findings could have implications for humans.
 All parts of thyme—the flowers, leaves, and
oil—are used to make medicine. Thyme is used
as a treatment for bronchitis and symptoms
like sore throat, fever and coughing that are
associated with it. There is also evidence that
supports thyme helps treat upper respiratory
tract infections and reduces the symptoms of
the cold.
 Thyme is also used in the treatment of
intestinal issues relating to stomachaches,
diarrhea, and intestinal gas. It is also used as a
diuretic to increase urine flow and to cleanse
the urine.
 Appliedto the skin, thyme is used as a
treatment for numerous skin disorders. It can
be applied to the scalp to encourage hair
growth. It also treats ear infections,
bacterial and fungal infections, as well
as parasitic worm infections. Some use
thyme to fight tooth decay.
Other benefits :
 Lowers blood pressure
 Boost immunity
 Disinfectant
 Boost your mood
 Relieves stress
 Fights depression
 Helps with snoring
 Fights headache
 Helps with insomnia
 70.Trigonella foenum
graecum TAMIL NAME
ENGLISH NAME
FENUGREEK SEEDS VENTHAYAM
Classification;
Kingdom: Plantae

Clade: Angiosperms

Clade: Eudicots

Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales

Family: Fabaceae

Genus: Trigonella

Species: T. foenum-
graecum
 Parts used: seeds , pods & leaves
 Constituents: resin , mucilage , choline ,
trigonelline , methylamine , dimethylamine ,
trimethylamine , cholin , neurin & saponin
 Actions: mucilaginous , demulcent, diuretic ,
ionic , carminative , emmenogogue ,
astringent , emollcient , aphrodisiac &
aperient
 Indications : dysentry ,diarrhoea, dyspepsia ,
diarrhoea , cough , dropsy , enlargement of
liver & spleen , rheumatism , burns &
swelling
Therapeutic Uses;
 Fenugreek is a herb which is bitter to taste
and increases lactation, soothes tissues
which are irritated, stimulates uterus,
reduces fever, blood sugar, improves
digestion, improves relieving capacity and
works as an expectorant, diuretic, laxative,
anti-tumour and anti-parasitic effects.
 The sprouts of fenugreek are useful in
promoting hair growth in men.
INTERNAL USE ;
 Fenugreek relieves diabetes, poor digestion,
tuberculosis, gastric inflammation and digestive
disorders.
 It works effectively in painful menstruation, in
improving lactation in nursing mothers.
 Men related problems like painful testicles,
premature ejaculation and loss of libido are relieved
with the help of fenugreek.
 Fenugreek is mostly used for weight reduction, poor
appetite and anorexia.
 It is used in Chinese medicine to relieve kidney
related pain such as back ache.
 Hernia and edema of legs is also relieved with
fenugreek.
 In Indian traditional medical system, Ayurveda, it is
used as an aphrodisiac, for rejuvenation, bronchial
and digestive complaints, arthritis and gout.
 Fresh fenugreek leaves are cooked as a curry and the
dried leaves are used for flavouring the dishes.
 Fenugreek seeds are roasted and powdered to sue in
curry powders, stews, pickles and fried foods.
 The sprouts of the seeds are used in salads.
EXTERNAL USE
 Fenugreek is used for relieving ulcers, eczema, boils
and cellulite.
 71.Vitis vinifera
ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME
GRAPES DRAKSHAI
Classification;
Kingdom: Plantae

Clade: Angiosperms

Clade: Eudicots

Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales

Family: Fabaceae

Genus: Trigonella

Species: T. foenum-
graecum
 Parts used: fruits , ripe , unripe & leaves
 Constituents: tannin , glucose , gum ,
tartaric , citric , racemic & malic acid
 Actions: demulcent , laxative , refrigent ,
stomachic , diuretic , resin & expectorant
 Indications : dyspepsia , haemorrhage ,
dyspepsia , strangury , chronic bronchitis,
heart disease , brights disease , gout ,
epilepsy , thrush , fever , jaundice , piles ,
diarrhoea & scorpian sting
 Asthma
 Due to their well-known therapeutic value, grapes
can be used as a cure for asthma. In addition to that,
the hydrating power of grapes is also high, which
increases the moisture present in the lungs
and reduces asthamatic events.
 Bones
 Grapes are a wonderful source of micro-nutrients
like copper, iron, and manganese, all of which are
important in the formation and strength of the
bones. Adding grapes to your diet on a regular basis
can prevent the onset of age-related conditions
like osteoporosis. Manganese is an extremely
important element in the body, which aids in
protein metabolism, collagen formation, and nervous
system functioning.
 Heart Diseases
 Grapes increase the nitric oxide levels in the blood,
which prevents blood clots. Therefore, grapes are an
effective way to reduce the chances of heart attacks.
Additionally, the antioxidants present in grapes
prevent the oxidation of LDL cholesterol, which
blocks the blood vessels and is the main contributor
to various coronary conditions. Grapes also have high
a number of flavonoids, which give grapes their color
along with being powerful antioxidants. The two main
types of antioxidants in grapes are resveratrol and
quercetin, and these two compounds negate the
effects of free radicals that threaten the body and
stimulate LDL cholesterol’s harmful effects on
arteries. Also, these two antioxidant flavonoids act as
a clean-up crew to reduce platelet clumping and
filter toxins out of the blood.
 Migraine
 Ripe grape juice is an important home remedy
for curing migraines. It should be drunk early in
the morning, without mixing additional water.
Ironically, drinking red wine is often considered a
cause of migraines, but grape juice and grape
seed extract are considered a solution to the
problem. There are many causes of migraines
including chemical imbalances, lack of sleep,
changes in weather, or dietary deficiencies.
Alcohol in general causes migraines, but grapes
have so many antioxidants that they can cause
and cure the same illness!
 Constipation
 Grapes are very effective in overcoming
and eliminating constipation. They are classified as a
laxative food because they contain organic
acid, sugar, and cellulose. They also relieve chronic
constipation by toning up intestinal muscles and the
stomach. Grapes are high in insoluble fiber, meaning
that they remain intact as they move through the
digestive tract. Fiber builds up the bulk, which
promotes the formation and excretion of healthy
stools, so we can say that grapes help make you
much more regular. However, if you suffer from loose
stool or diarrhea, grapes should not be eaten as a
way to regulate your system. Insoluble fiber doesn’t
soak up water to dry out loose stool, and grapes
don’t have a high level of soluble fiber.
 Indigestion
 Grapes play an important role in dyspepsia. They relieve
heat and cure indigestion and irritation in the stomach.
They are also preferred over other digestive aids because
they are considered a “light food”.
 Decrease Fatigue
 Light and white grape juice supplements the
iron content in the body and prevents fatigue. Anemia is a
real problem for many people, and eating grapes can help
keep your iron and mineral levels balanced in the body. A
lack of iron can make you sluggish and affect the
efficiency of your mind since iron is an essential mineral
that impacts a number of bodily functions. However, dark
grape juice might not give an iron boost and may actually
decrease iron levels. Drinking grape juice also provides a
nearly instant energy boost.
 Diabetes
 Recent research suggests that grape skin extract (GSE)
exerts a novel inhibitory activity on hyperglycemia and
may help in diabetes management.
 Dental Care
 According to a recent study, red wine and grape seed
extract can potentially help prevent cavities.
 Kidney Disorders
 Grapes, having a high water content, can substantially
reduce the acidity caused by uric acid by inducing
urination. They also help eliminate uric acid from the
system, thereby reducing the stress and pressure on
kidneys. Grapes have a very cleansing effect on the body,
and the antioxidants present in them benefit all of the
body’s systems in peripheral ways.
 Cholesterol Levels
 Grapes contain a compound called pterostilbene,
which has the capacity to lower
a person’s cholesterol levels. Pterostilbene is
closely related to resveratrol, a beneficial
antioxidant, and coloring flavonoid that is also
found in grapes. Early research has shown that
they have anti-cancer qualities and also have a
great impact on cholesterol levels. They are also
thought to have preventative powers over
cognitive decline. Furthermore, the saponins
present in the skin of grapes can prevent the
absorption of cholesterol by binding with them.
 Antibacterial Activity
 Red grapes have strong antibacterial and antiviral properties that
can protect you from infections. They display strong antiviral
properties against the polio virus and the herpes simplex virus.
Studies have also shown that grape juice can tackle bacterial
infections in the gut and other systems.
 Breast Cancer
 In a recent study, it has been discovered that purple, concord
grape juice helps in preventing breast cancer. Significant
reduction in mammary tumor mass of laboratory rats was seen
after they were fed grape juice in an experimental setting. The
antioxidants in grapes are beneficial in the prevention of all
types of cancer, but there are some fascinating studies which
specifically show grape juice as an effective preventive measure
against breast cancer. Certain chemicals in grapes compete for
binding sites and inhibit aromatase from changing androgen to
estrogen, which is thought to be a big contributing factor to
breast cancer growth in women.
 Alzheimer’s disease
 Resveratrol, a beneficial polyphenol present in grapes,
reduces the levels of amyloidal-beta peptides in patients
with Alzheimer’s disease. Studies suggest that grapes can
enhance brain health and delay the onset of degenerative
neural diseases. A study published in the British Journal of
Nutrition claims that grape juice can even improve the
brain function of older people who have already displayed
mild cognitive impairment. Further studies are currently
underway to determine the exact interaction between
grape components and neural systems.
 Macular Degeneration
 Grapes can prevent age-related loss of vision and macular
degeneration. A research study conducted at the University
of Miami suggests that grape-enriched diet supports eye
health and may prevent vision-threatening retinal
diseases.
 Immunity
 Grapes are not only packed with flavonoids and minerals
but vitamins as well! The high levels of vitamin C, vitamin
K, and vitamin A in grapes give a healthy boost to many of
your organ systems, particularly your immune system,
which means less chance of coming down with common
colds, as well as more serious health issues.
 Reduce Cataracts
 Flavonoids present in grapes have antioxidants, which can
reduce and fight the damage caused by free radicals. Free
radicals cause things like the development of cataracts, as
well as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and various age-
related problems. This is somewhat linked to macular
degeneration, as they usually occur around the same time
in life. Fortunately, antioxidants also have certain anti-
aging qualities, which not only help you look younger but
also feel younger by staving off age-related conditions like
cataracts.
 Cancer
 Grapes have been found to have strong anti-
cancer properties due to the anti-inflammatory
effect of resveratrol. It is particularly effective
in reducing the chances of colorectal and breast
cancer. The anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins
in grapes have properties of an anti-proliferate
and can inhibit the growth of cancer-causing
agents. Grape juice not only prevents the risk of
cancer but also suppresses the growth and
propagation of cancer cells. The pigments
contained in grapes enhance the overall
immunity of the body to a wide range of
diseases.
 72.Withania somnifera
(Ashwagandha)
ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME
WINTER CHERRY AMUKARA
Classification;
Kingdom Plantae
:

Clade: Angiosperms

Clade: Eudicots

Clade: Asterids

Order: Solanales

Family: Solanaceae

Genus: Withania

Species: W. somnifera
 Habitat: Ashwagandha is found growing wild
in India, the Mediterranean, and western
Asia. Today, the plant is cultivated for
medicinal purposes in many countries with
suitable climate, particularly in Australia,
East Asia, and Africa
 Parts used: roots & leaves
 Constituents: somniferin , resin , sugar ,
phytosterol , ipuranol & fat
 Actions:tonic , alterative , astringent ,
aphrodisiac , nervine sedative & diuretic
 Indications : alchoholism , dyspnoea ,
antihelmenthic , carbuncle , rheumatic
swelling , spermatorrhoea , senile debility ,
rheumatism , loss of muscle energy ,
impotence , lumbago & sterility
Therapeutic Uses;
Leaves: The leaves of Ashwagandha can be used as a cure for
inflammation, to reduce the formation of pus in boils, ulcers,
swellings and skin lesions. The leaves are curative in nature
because of the presence of Withaferin A. Leaves are also given in
fever. The ointment prepared from boiled leaves can be used
to cure bedsores.
Roots: Extract from the roots can be used in the treatment of
dropsy, disorders of female, hiccup, dropsy, rheumatism, and
cough. It is used in weaknesses to gain strength.
 It is used as a sedative for the treatment of
insanity and nervous disorder.
 joint pain and paralysis.
 It can be used for the treatment of high
blood sugar, blood pressure, and
cholesterol.
 Ashwagandha also can be used for increase
of hemoglobin. It also reduces chronic stress
and causes relaxation.
 It has been used as antioxidant, and it slows
down the growth of lungs, breasts, and colon
cancer cells.
 It also has an anti-anxiety effect.
 Ashwagandha capsules can also be used
to recover memory losses.
 As a tonic, it increases sexual potential.
 It also thickens and increases the nutritive value
of milk in nursing mothers.
 The powder mixed with oil reduces and cures
skin infection.
 It protects the liver and reduces constipation
and cures hypothyroidism.
 Seeds and fruits: The seeds and fruits are
diuretic in nature and promote passing of urine.
The seeds are also used as rennet in cheese
making.
 73.Zingiber officinale
ENGLISH NAME TAMIL NAME
GINGER INJI
Classification;
Kingdom: Plantae

Clade: Angiosperms

Clade: Monocots

Clade: Commelinids

Order: Zingiberales

Family: Zingiberaceae

Genus: Zingiber

Species: Z. officinale
 Parts used: scraped & dried rhizomes
 Constituents: volatile oil , camphene ,
phellandene , zingiberine , cincol , borneol ,
gingerol , oxalate , oleorisin & gingerin
 Actions: aromatic , carminative , stimulative
, stomachic , sialogogue & rubefacient
 Indications : dyspepsia , flatulence , colic ,
vomitting , spasm , indigestion , sorethroat ,
hoarseness , loss of voice , copious saliva ,
nausea , retching , diarrhoea , diabetes,
scorpian sting
Therapeutic Uses;
Nausea
 Used historically as a natural remedy for sea
sickness and morning sickness, ginger is perhaps
most well-known for its ability to treat nausea
Fungal Infections
Fungal infections cause a wide variety of
conditions, from yeast infectionsto jock itch and
athlete’s foot. Fortunately, ginger has powerful
anti-fungal properties that can safely and
successfully help kill off disease-causing fungi
Stomach Ulcers
 Stomach ulcers are painful sores that form in the
lining of the stomach and cause symptoms like
indigestion, fatigue, heartburn and abdominal
discomfort
 Menstrual Pains
 Unfortunately, adverse side effects like
pain, period cramps and headaches are
commonly associated with menstruation for
many women. While some turn to over-the-
counter medications to provide symptom relief,
natural remedies like ginger can be just as useful
at easing menstrual pain.
 Cancer Growth
 One of the most impressive benefits of ginger
is its anti-cancer properties, thanks to the
presence of a powerful compound called 6-
gingero
 Joint and Muscle Pain
 Because of its ability to reduce
inflammation, adding ginger into your diet
could help treat both muscle pain and
arthritis-related joint pain.
 Cholesterol Levels
 From producing bile to manufacturing hormones,
cholesterol is essential to overall health. However, high
levels of cholesterol can build up in the blood, causing
blockages and increasing your risk of heart disease.
 Brain Function
 Neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer’s
disease and Parkinson’s have been linked to oxidative
stress and chronic inflammation in the brain. With its
wealth of antioxidants and potent anti-inflammatory
properties, ginger is believed to play an important role in
the health of your brain.
 Bacterial Infections
 In addition to its antifungal properties, ginger boasts the
ability to fight off bacterial infections as well. Pathogenic
bacteria are common culprits behind conditions like
urinary tract infections, pneumonia and bronchitis.
 Inflammation
 Although inflammation can be a normal, healthy
immune response to injury and infection, chronic
inflammation is believed to be a major
contributor to conditions like heart disease,
obesity, diabetes and cancer.
 Proper Digestion
 One of the most powerful ginger benefits is its
ability to support digestive health and prevent
problems like dyspepsia, a common condition of
impaired digestion characterized by symptoms
like pain, heartburn, fullness and discomfort.