Borns

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University

College of Industrial Technology i
DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF

AUTOMATED PAPER WASTE RECYCLING MACHINE
A Project Development Study

presented to the
Faculty of College of Industrial Technology
Alangilan Campus
Alangilan, Batangas City
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Industrial Technology
Major in Electronics Technology
By:
Brucal, John Kenneth G.

Catapang, Mika Jane O.
Evangelista, Cathlen B.
Flores, Vinz Russel C.
May 2022
College of Industrial Technology ii
APPROVAL SHEET
This project development study entitled “DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF
AUTOMATED PAPER WASTE RECYCLING MACHINE” was prepared and submitted
by JOHN KENNETH G. BRUCAL, MIKA JANE O. CATAPANG, CATHLEN B.
EVANGELISTA, and VINZ RUSSELL C. FLORES., has been approved and accepted in
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Industrial Technology
major in Electronics Technology.
IRISH GISELLE C. BAUTISTA, MEM

Adviser
Approved and accepted by the panel on oral examination with a grade of ________.
PANEL OF EXAMINERS
VIRGINIA A. BLANCO, DT
Chairman
ALBERT VILLENA, DT MARILOU A. MAALA, MBA, MPA

Member Member
Approved and accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Bachelor of Industrial Technology major in Electronics Technology.
Date: ___________ ELISA D. GUTIERREZ, DT

Dean, College of Industrial Technology
College of Industrial Technology iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researchers would like to express their utmost gratitude and sincerest appreciation
to the people who shared time and expertise, which made the completion of this study
possible.
First and foremost, to Almighty God for the wisdom and vigor He bestowed upon them,
and in so many ways for making everything possible with His help and guidance. Without
His blessings, this achievement would not have been possible.
To Batangas State University and College of Industrial Technology (CIT), for
allowing them to complete their studies and learn.
To Asst. Prof. Irish C. Bautista, their research adviser, for her unwavering support,
time, advice, and suggestions in completing this study.
To Dr. Viginia A. Blanco, Dr. Albert C. Villena, and Engr. Marilou A. Maala, their
panelists for imparting their knowledge with their comments and suggestions, and for
immense understanding towards the improvement of this study.
To Dr. Evangeline B. Gardiano, their research professor, for her patience, guidance,
assistance, and encouragement that led in the development of this study.
To their beloved families, who have provided them with unending love, assistance, and
financial support, and who have served as an inspiration throughout their trials.
To their friends and classmates who have shared their encouragement and motivation,
and who have inspired them to complete this work.

College of Industrial Technology iv
DEDICATION
This project development study is heartily dedicated to:
The Almighty God
Our beloved parents;
Our dear brothers, and sisters;
Our special loved ones;
Our faithful friends;
Our supportive adviser; and,
Everyone who became a part of this project.
-John Kenneth
-Mika Jane
-Cathlen
-Vinz Russell
College of Industrial Technology v
ABSTRACT
In today's technological world, people are beginning to consider going paperless.
However, they have a long way to go before they can stop relying on this crucial human
product. Paper is still prevalent, from newspapers to paper wraps, and the majority of it ends
up in landfills, resulting in an enormous volume of paper trash. For quite some time, paper
was a scarce and valuable item. It now covers the entire world. Paper was originally created
as a means of communication, but it is now primarily used for packaging. It takes twice as
much energy to make paper as it does to make a plastic bag. Producing anything necessitates
the use of energy. In the case of paper, it also entails the removal of trees.
Deforestation is one of the most pressing environmental issues of today. During the
epidemic, researchers sought to reduce the amount of wasted paper caused by modular
learning by creating brand new paper from it. It has been discovered that a rising number of
used papers are going unused due to handling, storage, and management issues.
The researchers came up with the idea of designing an automated paper waste recycling
machine in order to exploit this form of waste for some economic gains. The Automated Paper
Recycling Machine was designed and simulated considering the design and simulation, its
best design alternative, preliminary and functionality testing, performance in terms of drying
process, product output and safety, and its 3D Model. Components such as Arduino mega, 4
channel relay module, temperature sensor, electric motor, ceramic heater, solenoid bulb, and
LCD display are the main components of the paper waste recycling machine which their
functions are suitable for the target operation of the machine. The machine's processes were
shredding, pulping, mixing, bonded paper laying, and paper making.

College of Industrial Technology vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
TITLE PAGE i
APPROVAL SHEET ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii
DEDICATION iv
ABSTRACT v
TABLE OF CONTENTS vi
LIST OF TABLES ix
LIST OF FIGURES x
CHAPTERS
I. INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study 1
Objectives of the Study 2
Scope and Delimitation of the Study 3
Importance of the Study 5
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
Conceptual Literature 6
Related of Literature 10
Synthesis of the Study 17

College of Industrial Technology vii
III. DESIGN AND METHODS
Conceptual Framework 20
Technical Design and Procedure 22
Equipment/Facilities/Programs 25
Data Collection Treatment 26
Expected Output 28
Work Breakdown and Time Allotment 28
IV. PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION

OF RESULTS
Determination of the best design alternative 29
Determination of the Design and Simulation of the proposed 33

Automated Paper Recycling Machine considering the system
components
Preliminary and functionality testing of the machine through 34

simulation
Evaluation of the performance of the best design of the machine 48
Presentation of the design using software through 3D Modeling 49
V. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND

RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary of Findings 52
Conclusions 54
Recommendations 55
BIBLIOGRAPHY 56
College of Industrial Technology viii
APPENDICES
Parts of the Project 58
Simulation 60
Definition of Terms 61
Certifications 66
CURRICULUM VITAE 68
College of Industrial Technology ix
LIST OF TABLES
Table No. Title Page
1. Bills of Materials and Specifications 27
2. Gantt Chart of Activities 31
3. Comparative Analysis of the Paper Recycling Unit 31

and the Automated Paper Recycling Machine
4. Comparative Analysis of the Waste Paper Recycler Unit 32

and the Automated Paper Recycling Machine
5. Comparative Analysis of the Existing Designs and Proposed Study 32
6. Comparative Analysis of System Components 34
7. Material Specifications 41
8. Preliminary Testing 44
9. Functionality Testing 47
College of Industrial Technology x
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure No. Title Page
1. Conceptual Paradigm of the Study 21
2. Block Diagram 23
3. Process and Parts of the Machine 24
4. Machine Isometric View 25
5. Design and Development of Paper Recycling Unit 30
6. Model of the Design and Development of Paper Recycling Unit 30
Waste Paper Recycler Unit design and manufacture for 31

7.
experimental and standard scale operations
8. Arduino Mega 35
9. Relay Module 36
10. Temperature Sensor Module 36
11. Push Button Switch 37
12. High Torque Electric DC motor 37
13. Low Torque Electric DC motor 38
14. Hair Dryer Accessories Curlers 39
15. Solenoid Valve 40
16. LCD Display 40
17. Schematic Diagram 42
18. Air Drying Sunlight 43
19. Drying Using Flat Iron 43

College of Industrial Technology xi
20. Failed Paper Output 43
21. Bleaching 45
22. Mixing 45
23. Paper Making 45
24. Output 46
25. Safety Caution 49
26. Isometric View 50
27. Right Side View 50
28. Left Side View 51
29. Shredding 58
30. Grinding 58
31. Right Side View 59
32. Left Side View 59
32. Simulation 60
College of Industrial Technology 1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents the background, objectives, scope and delimitation, and
importance of the study.
Background of the Study
The late-2019 coronavirus disease (COVID19) outbreak is significantly more than a
worldwide health emergency. It has a significant impact on society and the economy, as well
as on people's daily lives. While protecting lives and restoring livelihoods, proper waste
management, including domestic, healthcare, and other hazardous waste, is critical to
minimizing environmental damage.
In addition to standard measures, the COVID-19 pandemic necessitates specific
precautions, operations, and management techniques at the local level. A contingency plan
that promotes safe, proper, and practical solutions in a timely and suitable manner is also
required.
In this regard, the Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) Center
Collaborating with UNEP on Environmental Technologies (CCET) and the United Nations
Environment Programme (UNEP) International Environmental Technology Centre (IETC)
collaborated to produce this policy report in consultation with policymakers, national experts,
and key waste management stakeholders. It examines current waste management methods and
highlights significant issues and local solutions in the effective management of trash generated
by healthcare institutions, residences, and quarantine areas with people who have been
confirmed or suspected of having COVID-19. It also aims to find the best available techniques
or technologies that can be quickly and readily implemented in poor countries to reduce the
risk of COVID-19 infection as a result of waste management operations (Makoto et al., 2020).
For technical, practical, and ethical reasons, waste management strategies have become
more popular and/or financial constraints are prone to being squandered in developing
countries that do not have enough resources to begin with. Management issues surfaced during
the pandemic. Due to a shortage of materials, garbage collection services have been further
disrupted. A lack of workplace safety and the safe handling of household item waste by
citizens who have become ill with the coronavirus have secured increased quantities of
healthcare waste management that is safe from the point of collection to disposal facilities for
recycling or treatment.
Students' education was seriously affected, as they were unable to learn at school or
through face-to-face instruction. The new standard for learning is online learning, which
includes the use of modules to read and provide answers to exercises. The modular learning
technique will result in more paper waste. Because the used modules were produced expressly
for today's students and include their essays, future students will not be able to use them. That
is why the researchers undertook this study in order to reduce the quantity of paper waste
generated via a different learning method.
Objectives of the Study
The main goal of this research was to present a design and simulation for automated
recycling of paper waste using ceramic rollers for drying for solid waste management in order
to minimize and reuse the use of paper, specifically student modules. The study's objectives
were to:
1. Determine the best design alternative.
2. Determine the design and simulation of the proposed automated paper recycling
machine considering the system components.
3. Conduct preliminary and functionality testing of the machine through simulation.
4. Evaluate the performance of the best design of the machine in terms of:
4.1 Drying process
4.2 Product Output
4.3 Safety
5. Present the design using software through 3D Modeling
Scope and Delimitation of the Study
The goal of the research is to construct and simulate an automated paper waste recycling
equipment. This study incorporates industry concepts as well as insights and information
gleaned from various sources.
The automated paper waste recycling machine is a system that uses ceramic drying to
convert used paper or paper waste, particularly student-used modules, into raw material for
producing new paper more quickly. The project is a 220V AC-powered device and is driven
by an electric motor. The machine shreds the paper waste into smaller pieces using a cutting
gear and a screw-type grinder. The shredding process is automated, and subsequent operations
will follow. The screw-type grinder, mixing padel, nozzle, paper drum, and ceramic roller
for the drying process are the other components. The machine is 0.60 meters in length, 0.40
meters in width, and 1.1 meters in height.
The process starts when it is plugged in to a 220 AC power supply and opens the main
switch in the control panel. Recycling begins with the individual users (homes, schools,
businesses, and industrial manufacturers) that collect and store the waste in bins. Next, the
collection of paper will occur. After the collection of paper, it will undergo the sorting process.
Divide it on the basis of what kind or quality of paper waste it is. Paper will go through the
shredding stage to the cutting gear to breakdown the paper into small pieces. After the material
is finely shredded, the shredded paper feeder will control the paper to the next process, which
is the pulping. The pulper is supplied with shredded paper which will go to the pulping helix
padel. Pulper combines a solution of paper and water as well as for deinking and whitening.
In a pulper, paper fibers are separated, and a solution of paper pulp is produced. After crushing
in the pulping stage, it will go into the screw type grinder and a mixture of water and paste
will be added to stick the crushed paper, then it will go to the second mixing padel. It will
then be sent to the bonded paper storage facility. It is pushed by the screw-type grinder to the
nozzle, which is a similar size to a short piece of bond paper. Starting from the nozzle, the
paper mixture will stick to the paper drum while rotating the paper drum slowly. Then it will
pass through the 1st heater dryer with only minimum heat, then rotate to the ceramic roller
dryer to compress and remove the excess water and dry. Then the roller dryer rotates it to the
final drying. After the final drying, it will go through the die cutter (with size A4 or short bond
paper depending on the die cutter placed). The removable existing paper will go in the scrap
collection bin. The leftover paper in the scrap collection bin can be retrieved and put back in
stage 1. The finished product will go to the recycling paper bin.
There is a limit to how much used paper can be recycled. Individual paper fibers are
shortened more and more each time they are recycled throughout the paper recycling process,
and they may only be recycled a maximum of seven times. Products like cardboard egg
cartons that can no longer be recycled are examples of the "end of the line" for the paper waste
recycler. It is limited only to modules or printable materials. This design delimits the coloring,
polishing, and fabrication of the paper as well as the prototyping of the machine.
Importance of the Study
This research has significant implications for schools, students, and society. It is a reality
that any study is carried out not only because a problem exists, but also because of the
consideration or relevance of the problem to a specific person. The result of the study will
benefit the following:
To the schools and students, this will be helpful in reducing and reprocessing of
students' used modules, brought by alternative modes of learning.
To the Environment and Natural Resources Office (ENRO) of the Philippines, this
will be of great help in minimizing and reusing paper waste from used modules.
To Batangas State University, this study will assist them in providing technical
information that may be useful in achieving research goals, especially in technology areas.
To the faculty members of the College of Industrial Technology, this study can be
useful material for teaching concepts or hypotheses related to Electronics, as well as other
related fields.
To the students of the College of Industrial Technology, this study will provide
information that will assist them in developing new knowledge in the field of automation.
To the future researchers, this study will use this project as a foundation for future
relevant project studies. They will be able to learn and research how this form works.
CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW
This chapter presents the review of conceptual literature, related literature, and the
related things in this study. It tackles the different principles and matters involved in the
foregoing study.
Conceptual Literature
This section demonstrates and discusses how to construct the project, as well as the ideas
that were gathered from various sources such as books, magazines, the internet, and
unpublished materials.
The machine that is responsible for most secondary fiber pulping is called the hydra
pulper. The fibrous material is dropped into a large tank, or pulper, and mixed by a rotor. The
pulper may contain either hot water or pulping chemicals to promote dissolution of the paper
matrix. Debris and impurities are removed by "raggers" (wires that are circulated in the
secondary fiber slurry so that debris accumulates on the wire) and "junkers" (bucket elevators
that collect heavy debris pulled to the side of the pulper by centrifugal force). The pulp exits
from the bottom of the machine and the impurities exit from the side. Objects that float and
heavy objects like nuts and bolts also exit from the side. Since recovered paper uses
significantly less energy in pulp production as compared to wood-based pulp, making
secondary fibers competitive with virgin ones can save significant energy in the mill. Modern
techniques for removing contaminants from secondary fibers have made them competitive in
all papers, except for the highest grades of papers where the use of long fibers is important.
An energy consumption of 392 kWh/t for wastepaper pulping has been reported. In the
secondary fiber pulping process, pulp fiber from previously manufactured products, such as
cardboard and office paper, is recovered by hydration and agitation. Secondary fibers include
any fibrous material that has undergone a manufacturing process and is being recycled as the
raw material for another manufactured product. Compared to virgin fibers, secondary fibers
have less strength and bonding potential, Bajpai (2016).
According to Oreko et al., (2019), a journal about paper shredding machines was
designed to solve problems of identity theft, fraud, cost of disposing of paper, and ease of
paper recycling by properly shredding sensitive documents. The machine frame was made of
mild steel and was designed to have a dimension of 525mm x 400mm x 200mm. Also, the
shafts and the cutting blades were made of medium carbon steel, while its method of
production involved processes such as metal forming, welding, machining, and the use of
mechanical fasteners. The machine, designed to shred a maximum of 15 pieces of paper at a
single pass, was found to have performed satisfactorily well and met the intended aim and
objectives. It is operated using a 75-watt (0.075kw) electric motor, which provides the
necessary force and speed required for shredding the paper into chads. The machine is easy
to operate and cheap to maintain. Paper is a structure made mostly of natural vegetable fibers
sourced primarily from wood, with or without additives. A vast range of pulp and paper
products may be manufactured by varying the types of fibers, additives, and their treatment
during the process. A continuous mat of fibers is generated by pouring fiber suspension over
an infinite, moving sieve-like belt. This mat is split from the unending belt and produces a
continuous web of paper once enough water has been removed. The focus of the paper-making
process is the production of a continuous web from a dilute solution. It begins with the pulping
stage, which involves the extraction of raw fibrous materials. The proportioning of fibers and
additives in a fluid condition is next treated. It takes the prepared stock, performs the last
processes preparatory to the production of the sheet, and then presses and dries it. The process
of converting paper spools into cut sheets, sorting, counting, wrapping, storing, and
dispatching them.
The paper is dried in the drying portion of this paper-making process by passing it
through a series of hollow metal cylinders. "Dry felts" are used to hold the paper sheet to the
cylinders. The cylinders are steam-heated and include provisions for removing the
condensate. As the sheet goes through the drying zone, the water evaporates. Finally, the sheet
comes out of the dryer with a moisture level of roughly 4% to 8%.
The most popular form of dryer is a steam-heated cylinder. High-velocity hot air hoods,
frequently in combination with cylinders, are utilized in various instances, notably if coatings
must be cured or space is limited (Rao et al., 2013).
From the book, "What A Waste 2.0: A Global Snapshot of Solid Waste Management to
2050", it is clear that the world is on a trajectory where waste generation will drastically
outpace population growth by more than double by 2050. Although we are seeing
improvements and innovations in solid waste management globally, it is a complex issue and
one that we need to take urgent action on.
Solid waste management affects everyone. However, those most affected by the
negative impacts of poorly managed waste are largely society's most vulnerable—losing their
lives and homes from landslides of waste, working in unsafe waste-picking conditions, and
suffering profound health repercussions.

Too often, the environment also pays a high price. In 2016, the world generated 242
million tons of plastic waste—12 percent of all municipal solid waste. Plastic waste is choking
oceans, yet the consumption of plastics is only increasing. Cities and countries are rapidly
developing without adequate systems in place to manage the changing waste composition of
citizens.
Meanwhile, an estimated 1.6 billion tons of carbon dioxide-equivalent (CO2-equivalent)
greenhouse gas emissions were generated from solid waste management in 2016. This
accounts for about 5% of global emissions. Without improvements in the sector, solid-waste
related emissions are anticipated to increase to 2.6 billion tons of CO2-equivalent by 2050.
More than 80 countries committed to reducing emissions through the historic 2017 Paris
Agreement. Improving waste management is one way of contributing to this effort. Solid
waste management is an important but often overlooked component of planning sustainable,
healthy, and inclusive cities and communities for all, despite the fact that waste management
is often the single largest budget item for many local governments. Municipalities in low-
income countries are spending about 20 percent of their budgets on waste management on
average, yet over 90 percent of waste in low-income countries is still openly dumped or
burned. People need cities and countries to plan holistically and manage their precious
resources better than they have in the past.
This report shows what governments around the world have done to manage their solid
waste and highlights the latest trends across income levels and geographies. This report builds
on What a Waste: A Global Review of Solid Waste Management (2012), highlighting the
overwhelming cost of waste management and the need for solutions.

Using the report's extensive results and data, the researchers devised a research plan that
will reduce the amount of wasted paper used by students in modular learning by simulating
an automated paper waste recycling machine. It is the responsibility of every citizen,
government, business, city, and country to create the healthy, innovative, inclusive, and
livable shared world that people strive for.
Related Literature
The study conducted by Aditya et al., (2020), The design and fabrication of the paper
recycling unit, which includes an AC motor, a DC motor, and a hydro-pulper unit, was carried
out successfully. It is the design process of a manually operated, small-scaled paper recycling
unit. The paper was thoroughly combined with the water and turned into a fine pulp. The pulp
content was drained of excess water using the heating coil. The pulp was simply put on the
platform and dried sufficiently to produce cardboard or paper of sufficient thickness. Paper
recycling unit development is less expensive than automated recycling enterprises across the
world. The constructed unit may be used for two different purposes: it can be operated
permanently in a fixed position, or it can be moved from one location to another. Running has
a very low cost. The unit's simplicity of operation means it does not require a lot of technical
knowledge to operate, and it was built to last.
In the study of Ankit et al., (2018), they designed an atomized paper shredder, which is
more economical, time-saving, and applicable. The machine closes limitations such as time
reduction and more paper shredding per time. Paper backflow along cutting blades is
eliminated, reducing noise and vibration. The parts were designed to obtain the required paper
shredding machine. The electric motor has forward rotation by transmitting the required
power for the shredding of the paper. The power rating of the electric motor used for this
project was 75 watts (0.075 kw) rotating at a speed of 1450 rev/min. The shaft used for
designing this project was made of medium-carbon steel rod, which has a circular shape. The
steel rod was machined on a lathe to obtain a hexagonal shape. Two shafts were used in
designing the paper shredding machine, one of which is the main shaft, while the other is the
driven shaft. The blade is a circular cutting blade that does the actual shredding of the paper
into strips. For this design, a medium-carbon steel material with a thickness of 1.5 mm was
used for the blade. The internal diameter of the blade was designed on a lathe to obtain a
hexagonal shape so that the designed shaft could fit in. A total of 112 washers were designed,
and 56 washers were mounted on each shaft. The gears used for this project were made of
plastic material. Four sets of gears with different diameters and sizes were machined on a
lathe. The first gear directly connected to the electric motor was designed to have four teeth
with a diameter of 6mm, while the second gear was designed to have 13 teeth with a diameter
of 30mm. The third gear was designed to possess 37 teeth with a 56mm diameter, while the
fourth gear was designed to have 42 teeth with a 42mm diameter. A typical spur gear used for
the design of a paper shredder from solid works. The machine frame is the main part of the
paper shredding machine that serves as the base foundation for other machine components,
especially the moving parts. This design’s frame was made of mild steel material of 2 mm
thickness, and it was designed to have a dimension of 525 mm, 400 mm, and 200 mm. The
construction of the machine consists of the mainframe, left base, right base, shredder support,
and gear support. The shredder support was made of mild steel with a thickness of 2 mm,
formed by laser cutting and bending. The shredder support was mounted on top of the machine
frame, and it holds the base on the top side of the static blade holder. The left base serves as
an anchor for the main shaft’s left side, while the right base serves as an anchor for the right
side, the holder gear transmission, and an electric motor mounting.
The machine was immediately put to use when it was developed and built. The machine
was powered by an electrical source; it was discovered that the electric motor supplied the
required electrical energy and that the gears converted the electrical energy into mechanical
energy, lowering the speed of the electrical motor to the desired speed required by the paper
shredder to shred the papers into strips. The machine they created was put to the test, and it
functioned well, shredding the requisite 15 sheets of paper efficiently. The washers grab and
drag the paper sheet sandwiched between the strip forming rollers, which are made up of
intermeshing washers, and then create strips. The process's output is discarded. It is worth
mentioning that this project was designed using easily accessible materials (cheap yet with
good strength and durability) to decrease production costs and simplify the paper shredder.
As previously stated, this paper shredding machine operated successfully and satisfied the
desired goals. As a result, it may be used to shred documents into unintelligible garbage in
both homes and offices, as well as in factories.
In the study, Faul (2010) examined major features of recovered paper for deinking: the
first is delivery characteristics, such as contamination, moisture, and composition; and the
second is the recyclability of the paper products in delivery. The first component is linked to
the collecting system as well as the handling and storage of recovered paper. Paper and board
must be collected separately from other recyclables to benefit the paper sector. The deinking
procedure is intended to remove inks rather than whiten unbleached fibers. As a result, the
deinking business prefers to separate graphic papers from houses to reduce contamination due
to not being able to de-ink paper and board. One of the most essential characteristics in the
entrance inspection of recovered paper deliveries is the content of brown wrapping papers and
boards.
The process of separating and removing printing inks from recycled fibers in order to
improve their optical properties is known as deinking. The shear forces active during pulping
cause the printing ink to detach from the fibers of the disintegrated recycled pulp, which is
usually aided by detergent-like chemical additives. Flotation or washing are used to remove
the ink particles that have become separated. Deinking is the most significant step in the
process of using recovered paper as a raw material to make deinked pulp (DIP), which is
generally used to make graphic papers, hygienic papers, and white top layers of packaging
paper and board. Inkjet printers fail to obtain a positive ink removal outcome in the majority
of circumstances. Most of the samples examined were inkjet printed newspapers, which are
currently popular in tiny quantities and in distant areas, such as foreign newspapers at
international airports. Inkjet prints, like flexographic prints, fail to yield due to brightness, ink
removal, and INGEDE activities. There are some suggestions about how to enhance the
removal of inks. A viable approach appears to be the agglomeration or precipitation of
pigment-based inks on the paper surface. This necessitates the paper being surface prepared,
either on the paper machine or prior to contact with ink in the printing machine.
According to Oluwole (2019), the fabrication of the components and parts of the paper
pulping/recycling machine was focused on lowering human intervention, processing time, and
production costs while maintaining the machine's efficiency. The hopper, blades, electric
motor, shaft, belt, and pulleys are the main components in this design. Stainless steel plate
was used for the inlet/hopper, which decides the number of waste papers to be charged due to
its capacity to endure operating stress, thermal conductivity, and corrosion resistance. The
blades used, which are both triangular and rectangular, were made of steel for their good
corrosion resistance. A 3KW electric motor was used as the power source and mover of the
machine through a shaft and belt drive. The arrangement of the pulleys controls the speed of
the electric motor. Several connecting procedures, including welding and the use of fasteners,
were used to assemble the machine from manufactured parts and components.
The machine's operating premise begins with a known weight of waste paper being
collected and soaked in water before being charged into the machine. The machine was
charged with the soaked paper waste and grinded for 8–10 minutes. The slurry of grinded
wastepaper is ejected through the pulp outlet. The machine's efficiency per hour was
calculated by taking into account the quantity of kilos it grinded in a certain length of time.
The results indicated that at a machine speed of 1440 rpm, 25-30 kg of waste paper per hour
were recycled and transformed into pulp, implying high and good efficiency. The machine's
efficiency per hour was calculated by taking into account the number of kilos it ground in a
certain length of time. The results indicated that at a machine speed of 1440 rpm, 25-30 kg of
waste paper per hour were recycled and transformed into pulp, implying high and good
efficiency. The result created after the machine pulped the paper waste was a thick slurry,
including water, which was added for the recycling process. With the addition of appropriate
binders, the pulp was utilized to make paper waste-based composite samples.
Roda et al. (2017) Feasibility of Biomass Briquette Production from Municipal Waste
Streams by Integrating the Informal Sector in the Philippines is a technical and socio-
economic feasibility study of biomass briquette production which was performed in Iloilo
City, Philippines, by integrating a registered group of the informal sector. The study has
shown that the simulated production of biomass briquettes obtained from the municipal waste
stream could lead to a feasible on-site fuel production line after determining its usability,
quality, and applicability to the would-be users. The technology utilized for briquetting is not
complicated when operated due to its simple, yet sturdy design, with suggestive results in
terms of production rate, bulk density, and heating value of the briquettes produced. Quality
briquettes were created from mixtures of paper waste, sawdust, and carbonized rice husk,
making these material flows a renewable source of cost-effective fuels. As demonstrated in
the study, an informal sector that would venture into briquette production can be considered
profitable for small business enterprising as demonstrated in the study. The informal sector
from other parts of the world, having similar conditions to that of the Uswag Calajunan
Livelihood Association, Inc. (UCLA), could play a significant role in the recovery of these
reusable waste materials from the waste stream and can add value to them as alternative fuels
and raw materials (AFR) for household energy supply using appropriate technologies.
Paper recycling machines take less time to produce paper than manually operated
machines, according to the study "Development and Fabrication of Paper Recycling
Machines" by Telrandhe et al. (2020). This machine can be used in homes and colleges for
the production of paper from waste generated in that region. There is only one operator
required to operate the machine. With the use of some easily available chemicals and water,
the machine produces the printable paper sheets (caustic soda, bleaching powder, and starch).
The purpose of this project work is that the small-scale producers of waste paper can
contribute more than the large-scale producers, so that they will be able to make nature go
green and reduce the deforestation done to produce the paper. The recycling process begins,
and the motor and heater are supplied with electric power and begin to operate. When the
motor receives the input power, it will start operating. The belt is driven by a pulley connected
to the motor, which sends power to the sieve. The sieve within the hollow tank begins to spin.
The paper will be crushed in a sieve, and the ingredients will be added to turn it into a pulp.
For quality control, the pulp will be combined with hydrogen peroxide. The pneumatic
cylinder will be used to shape and size the paper as needed. Mild steel was used to build the
majority of the plant's pieces since it is the easiest metal to connect out of all the others.
Because it is such a versatile metal, numerous industries rely on it for the manufacture of
process unit equipment. In comparison to other metals, it is not only versatile but also
inexpensive and widely accessible.
The three major steps of this process are: first, the defibration of paper with the help of
a paper grander; the next step is the layer formation of pulp on an A4 size sheet in the water
tank containing chemicals (viz. starch, alum, caustic soda, silicate, acid orange, methyl violet,
etc.) to obtain various grades of paper; and the third step, with the help of the pressure punch,
removes the water contained in the paper layer and hangs it for drying in natural air or hot air.
The development of an automatic paper-recycling machine is much cheaper as compared to
machines in recycling industries. The fabricated machine can serve dual purposes; it can be
manned permanently at a stationary position, or it can be shifted from one place to another.
Synthesis of the Study
The aforementioned studies are considered pertinent to the study. The similarities and
differences are hereby presented.
In the study of Telrandhe et al., (2020), Development and Fabrication of Automated
Paper Recycling Machines, presents a project work that deals with the recycling of paper
manufacturing machine. This is similar to the current study, which also aims to achieve an
automated recycling machine where the recycled paper will turn into new paper. Though it
has the same project, the existing study was developed and fabricated, while this current study
only designed and simulated the paper recycling machine. The difference between them is
that the previous study did not include the shredding process in the machine. As with the
machine designed in this study, it has some major components such as a sedimentation tank,
rollers, conveyor belts, a power system, and so on. It also differs in its final process, which
includes the drying process. The previous study used air drying or hot air for drying the paper,
while the designed project used a ceramic dryer for the output to be flat and to have a fine
texture.
In Faul’s (2010) study, which examined a major feature in the process of recovering or
recycling paper, which is the deinking. This also includes the present design of the
researchers, which is bleaching or whitening the papers for a better quality of the output paper.
In removing the prints and writings in the modules/papers of the students, the whitening of
the papers is included in the process. The previous study only discussed the deinking process
of the paper waste, not the whole recycling process.
The previous study by Oluwole (2019), the design and fabrication of waste paper
recycling machine efficiency for the production of waste paper, is similar to the process of
the current design. The machine designed by the researchers is the automated paper waste
recycling machine. It differs in terms of some stages of the process, which are the whitening,
cutting, and drying of paper, which were not included in the previous study. In the previous
study, it started with the soaking of the papers in the water, then grinding them before going
to the pulp outlet. It ended the process by producing wastepaper pulp. This differs from the
present design of the paper waste recycling machine because the current researchers
incorporated the whitening, cutting, and drying of paper waste.
Roda et al., (2017) published a Biomass Briquette Manufacturing Feasibility Study,
which simulates the production of biomass briquettes from municipal waste streams.
According to the findings, a combination of paper waste, sawdust, and carbonized rice husk
must be used to manufacture great briquettes, and these materials must be transformed into a
renewable source of cost-effective fuels for domestic energy supply using proper technology.
This prior study likewise focuses on recycling garbage, which is similar to this research; the
only difference is the product, which is predicted to be brand new paper in this study, whereas
the previous created fuel. Their procedures are similar, but there are some differences.
Aditya et al. (2020), did a study on the design and fabrication of a paper recycling unit
that contains an AC motor, DC motor, and hydro pulper unit, which was completed
successfully. The device is a small-sized paper recycler that is manually operated. The excess
water in the pulp is drained using a heating coil. Its pulp is simply placed on the platform and
let to dry sufficiently to generate thick cardboard or paper. The difference between this study
and the previous one is that this machine is self-contained and uses ceramic heating for drying.
It also smoothes out new papers and improves their quality
Ankit et al., (2018) developed a cost-effective, time saving, and practical automized
paper shredder. It is powered by and an electrical source, and it was discovered that the E-
motor supplied the required electrical energy, allowing the electrical motor’s speed to be
reduced to the desired pace for the shredding paper into strips. It can only shred up to 15
sheets of paper at a time. This previous study differs from the present one in that the latter can
shred more paper and move on to the next stage more quickly.
CHAPTER III
DESIGN AND METHODS
This chapter presents the methods and procedures that were used in the design
and simulation of the study. This also includes the conceptual framework, technical
design and procedure, equipment/facilities/programs, data collection and treatment,
budget requirements, expected output, and Gantt chart of activities.
Conceptual Framework
The conceptual framework demonstrates an overview of the project and the
techniques used to design and simulate an automated paper waste recycling machine.
The foundation of this study was based on the ideas, information, and insights gathered
from the readings and literature. The three major parts are input, process, and output,
which serve as the basis of the conceptual diagram of the study, which is shown in
Figure 1.
The first frame refers to the input, which includes the researchers’ knowledge,
software, and design requirements that are essential to bring understanding to the
design and simulation of the machine.
The second frame depicts the processes, such as planning, designing, 3D
modeling, and evaluating, to complete the design and simulation of the machine.
Finally, the output of the study is the "Design and Simulation of an Automated
Paper Waste Recycling Machine."

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
Knowledge
Requirements
• Characteristics
of papers
• Principle and
Methods of
Recycling
• Principle and Design and
Methods of
Design and ➢ Planning Simulation of
Simulation
➢ Designing Automated Paper
Design Waste Recycling
Requirements ➢ 3D Modeling
Machine
• Application of
theoretical ➢ Evaluating
knowledge
• System
components
• Materials
Specification
Software
Requirements
Figure 1. Conceptual Framework of the Project

Technical Design and Procedure
The study designed and simulated an automated paper waste recycling machine that
will help students, teachers, and different offices reduce the used modules brought by
alternative modes of learning. The researchers used design and simulation research methods.
They took into account the advice of their adviser as well as professionals with extensive
experience designing projects in the field of electronics technology.
Some crucial decisions were made in order to create a truly efficient project design. The
researchers considered the consultant's suggestions as well as the opinions of other people
with sufficient knowledge of electronics. They also gathered information from books, the
internet, and other reading materials.
This project was designed as a paper recycling machine using the ceramic drying
method. The gathered data serves as the study's foundation. More data was gathered from the
internet in order to evaluate and generate better design ideas. The researchers also considered
expert advice and opinions in the field.
Pre-design
Pre-design refers to the inspection process that occurs before a design is finalized and
put into effect. During the pre-design stage, the application element research was interpreted,
and the opportunities of the suggested project were also considered before the right building
of design and 3D modeling.
Design Stage
At this point, several considerations were considered in order to form a workable design.
During the design process, important issues and concepts were considered in terms of
importance, sustainability, capital, and device technicalities.
The advancement of the machine with the boundary set in the review includes the choice and
consideration of materials in terms of accessibility and cost during the design stage. The
appropriate elements of the parts were taken into consideration. AutoCAD was used to sketch
and outline the arrangement.
Block Diagram
Figure 2. Block Diagram of Automated Paper Waste Recycling Machine
This figure shows the stages of the process of the paper waste recycling machine. It
starts at the shredding stage, where the papers will be broken into small pieces. After the
shredding process, the shredded paper will go to the pulping helix padel. Pulper combines the
solution of paper and water as well as for the whitening of the paper. Paper fibers are
separated, and a paper pulp is produced. Then the next stage is the mixing stage. At this point,
the paper pulp will enter the screw type grinder, where it will be mixed with water and paste
before proceeding to the second mixing point. After that, the next process is the paper laying
stage, where it will go to bonded paper storage and be pushed by the screw type grinder to the
nozzle, which is similar in size to a short-bond paper. The last stage is the paper-making stage,
wherein the process of drying and cutting of the flattened paper will occur. That leftover paper
will then go to the scrap collection bin. The finished product will go to the recycling paper
bin.
Figure 3. Process and Parts of Machine

Figure 3 shows the different stages of the process of a machine and its parts. It includes
the shredding stage, pulping stage, mixing stage, bonded paper laying stage, and paper making
stage.
Figure 4. Machine Isometric View
Figure 4 shows the different views of the machine and its measurements. The different
views are: top view, left side view, front view, right side view, rear view, and bottom view.
Equipment/Facilities/Programs
The researchers discussed the steps that were taken in order to come up with an
exposition of the pieces and principle of the automated paper waste recycling machine.
By utilizing Arduino as the sequence's brain, it is in charge of running the process. It
was pre-programmed and utilized to keep track of the procedure. Before going through the
machine for the process, the paper will be sorted and separated. Pulper combines a binder, as
well as deinking and whitening chemicals, with a paper and water solution. Paper fibers are
separated in a pulper, and a thin solution of paper pulp is formed. The pulper flows down
through the nozzle. As it passes through a series of rollers, water is squeezed out and will be
dried. A sheet of recycled paper will be made.
Following sheet creation, the felt will be transported to a heated roller and then to an air
blower section, where the remaining water in the sheet will be evaporated, yielding a dry
sheet.
The researchers prepared for the design and 3D modeling of the proposed investigation
during this simulation stage of the study. In addition, they applied all the theories and
knowledge they acquired to ensure that the system would function as intended.
Data Collection Treatment
This is a collection and synthesis of concepts from books and studies used by researchers
to generate hypotheses for their design study. The project's design was thoroughly researched
and assessed. The flow of the project was depicted in the methods and procedure block
diagram.
Table 1.
Bills of Materials and Specifications
Description/ Amount per
Quantity Unit Amount (PHP)
Specification Quantity (PHP)
5 pcs Metal Frame 505.41 2,527.05
1 pc Arduino Mega 425.00 425.00
4 pcs Cutting gear 600.00 2,400.00
1 pc Stainless steel water tank 1,377.00 1,377.00
2 pcs Hose 389.00 389.00
2 pcs Helix Padel 899.00 1,798.00
1 pc Nozzle (copper plated) 159.00 159.00
3 KW Electric Motor
1 pcs 1,010.80 1,010.80
(60Hz, 220V AC)
1 pc Screw Type Grinder 343.68 343.68
1 pc Drum (container) 1,819.00 1,819.00
1 pc Die Cutter 1,230.00 1,230.00
2 pcs Collection Bin 315.00 630.00
3 pcs Ceramic roller 980.00 2,940.00
1 pc LCD Module 250.00 250.00
3 pcs 4 Channel Relay Module 400.00 1,200.00
3 pcs Push Button 30.00 90.00
1 pc Limit Sensor 25.00 25.00
1 pc Temperature Sensor 250.00 250.00
Solenoid Valve
Total Amount 18,863.53
Expected Output
The study entitled, "Design and Simulation of Automated Paper Waste Recycling
Machine," aims to reduce the amount of used paper, particularly modules that are brought by
alternative modes of learning due to the pandemic.
Recycling eliminates the need for raw material extraction (mining, quarrying, and
logging), refining, and processing, all of which pollute the air and water. Recycling saves
energy while also lowering greenhouse gas emissions, which aids in the fight against climate
change.
This technological advancement will help students, teachers, and staff from different
offices to reduce their used paper. It is much more useful because the machine turns the old
and used papers into brand new ones.
Work Breakdown and Time Allotment
Table 2.
Gant Chart Activities
MAJOR
AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR
ACTIVITIES
Conceptualizing
Planning
Designing / Layout
Assembling/
Constructing of
3D Modeling
Evaluation
Presentation of 3D
Modeling
CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF RESULTS
This chapter offers a description of the project, as well as discussion and information
about the project design, construction, and system components.
1. Determination of the best design alternative
The researchers considered parameters such as the right temperature for the drying
process, the use of ceramic rollers for the final output or the paper that will be produced is
much smoother and flattened, speed and time in every stage of the machine, and the amount
of paper that could be produced when determining the best design alternative. Another factor
that was taken into account while deciding on the best system component and its compatibility
was the investigation and testing. Existing designs were sought as a starting point for
developing new concepts and designs. This also includes design proposals.
The design and development of the paper recycling unit is a small-scaled paper recycling
system that may be utilized in schools and colleges to produce paper products at a low cost
and in a simple manner. As a result, the machine unit's design has been developed with all of
the essential component requirements.

Figure 5. Design and Development of Paper Recycling Unit
Figure 5 shows the top view and also the right-side view of the existing design of the
automated paper recycling machine, in which the drum case of the machine consists of a hydro
pulper, a hollow cylindrical drum with a sieve-like mesh covering the whole lateral surface
that converts the paper and water mixture into pulp.
Figure 6. Model of the Design and Development of Paper Recycling Unit
Figure 6 shows the model of the paper recycling unit in which all of the components,
including the AC motor, DC motor, and hydro-pulper unit, are in operating order. The paper
was extensively combined with water and turned into a fine pulp. The pulp content was
drained of excess water using the heating coil. The pulp was simply put on the platform and
dried properly to produce cardboard or paper of suitable thickness.
Table 3.
Comparative Analysis of the
Paper Recycling Unit and the Automated Paper Recycling Machine
Automated Paper
Machines Paper Recycling Unit
Recycling Machine
It is a manually operated small- It is an automated machine that
scaled paper machine that includes shredding, mixing,
extensively combines paper with pulping, bonded paper laying, and
Features water and turns it into a fine pulp. a drying process. It can create
It excludes the drying and cutting smooth but not-so-white recycled
process. It focused mainly on paper.
mixing.
Figure 7. Waste paper recycler unit design and manufacture

for experimental and standard scale operations
Figure 7 shows the schematic of the waste paper recycler unit which was designed and
manufactured for experimental and standard scale operation.

Table 4. Comparative Analysis of the

Waste Paper Recycler Unit and the Automated Paper Recycling Machine
Automated Paper Recycling

Machines Waste Paper Recycler
Machine
It is an automated paper recycling

It is a manually operated paper
machine that contains all of the
recycler unit for standard scale
Features operation which includes
operations that limit human
intervention and is designed for
aesthetics.
convenience
Table 5.
Comparative Analysis of the Existing Designs and Proposed Study
Automated
Paper Atomized Recovered Paper Pulping Biomass
Paper Waste
Machines Recycling Paper paper for /Recycling Briquette
Recycling
Unit Shredder deinking Machine Production
Machine
lowers human
intervention,
Is more
Is manually removes inks processing
economical, Consumes
operated rather than time, and Determines
time saving less time to
Features small-sealed whiten production usability and
and more produce
paper unbleached cost while applicability
paper shred paper
recycling unit fibers maintaining
per time
machine’s
efficiency
3kw electric Not
Source 220v AC 75watts 220v AC
motor mentioned
Hopper,
Cutting
Pulp, shear, blades,
AC Motor blades, Motor, heater,
storage of electric Not
Components and DC electric electric
recovered motor, shaft, mentioned
Motor motor, shaft, power
paper belt, and
carbon steel,
pulleys
2. Determination of the Design and Simulation of the proposed Automated Paper
Recycling Machine considering the system components
Concepts, methods, and properties were all discussed at the project's conceptual phase.
A scheme plan began as a design document that provided more detailed information, whereas
a project design provides a broad picture.
This section's objective is to determine how to construct and simulate the proposed topic.
The researchers began their study by looking at current designs. They used the university's e-
library to gather information about paper waste recyclers and then browsed the internet for
ideas. The collected data was then discussed with their peers in order to come up with new
designs and concepts. Experts and professionals were also consulted for advice on how to
perform the simulation and which design would be the most appropriate.
System Components and their Functions
The following are the components, functions, and compatibility of the device. It goes
over the specifications of each component to give the readers a general idea of how the
machine works.
Table 6.
Comparative Analysis of the System Components
Components and its Features
Heating coil is a heating
The Arduino Uno is an 8-
element that is permanently
bit microcontroller
linked to the heating unit. It Electric motor: 75 watts
designed by Arduino.cc and
generates an electric current (0.075kw) electric motor
built on the Microchip
that flows through the coil, forward rotation is achieved
Existing System ATmega328P
converting electric energy by delivering the
Components microprocessor. The board
to heat energy. It can either appropriate power for paper
has analog input/output pins
be immediately submerged shredding at a speed of 1450
that may be used to connect
in the medium or radiate revolutions per minute.
to other dominant (shields)
heat through an open space
as well as other circuits.
to heat it.
Ceramic Heater. The

aluminum shell is
Arduino Mega 2560. The
environmentally
Mega has 256kB of flash
sustainable, robust, and
memory, but the Uno only
strong to use. It is safe to
High Torque DC Motor has 32kB. Because of the
use with constant
Electric Motor (12V DC RAM, the Mega is
Current Study temperature and surface
3500RPM). This DC recommended for huge
System insulation. It can be dry
electric motor runs code. Arduino systems
Components heated over an extended
extremely quietly and is employ static random-
period of time. Ceramic
completely safe to use. access memory (SRAM). In
heaters are considered to be
the system, the Uno has
very safe and they heat up
2KB of SRAM while the
incredibly fast, which
Mega has 8KB of SRAM.
means that no energy gets
wasted. Energy gets wasted.
Figure 8. Arduino Mega 2560
The Atmega2560 microprocessor is used in the Arduino Mega 2560 development board.
This board is ideal for applications that require a large number of GPIO pins and memory.
The Arduino MEGA 2560 is intended for projects requiring additional I/O lines, sketch
capacity, and RAM. It is the suggested board for 3D printers and robotics applications since
it has 54 digital I/O pins, 16 analog inputs, and more room for your sketch. It has greater
memory, a larger screen, and additional I/O pins. Because there is a reset button and four
hardware serial ports, communication is quick. Arduino's mission is to make microcontroller
programming accessible to software developers. The Arduino is a microcontroller interface
based on the Atmel ATmega processor and includes an integrated development environment
(IDE) for programming the chip's logic. The Mega has 256kB of memory chips, whereas the
Uno has 32kB. Because of the RAM, Mega is preferable if the code is huge. In Arduino
systems, erasable programmable memory is employed. In the system, the Uno has 2 KB of
SRAM space and the Mega has 8 KB of SRAM space. Arduino's key benefit is its easy
software program. It is intended to give novice users a taste of programming and increase
their confidence. It may be used to create a sample simulation of any idea.

Figure 9. The 4 Channel 5V Relay Module
The 4 channel relay module is a helpful board for controlling voltage level, large current
loads such as motors, solenoid valves, lights, and AC loads. It is made to work with
microcontrollers like Arduino, PIC, and others. When the coil of a relay is activated, it works
like a magnet and changes the position of a switch. This offers electrical isolation by isolating
the circuit that powers the coil from the portion that turns it on and off. This is why we can
operate a relay with 5V from an Arduino and have it drive a 220 to 240V appliance on the
other end, since the 240V end is entirely separated from the 5V Arduino electronics.
Figure 10. Temperature Sensor Module
This is a DS18520 digital temperature sensor module for Arduino with a temperature
range of -550C to 1250C and a digital signal output that monitors ambient air temperature. It
is compatible with Arduino DIY projects. The 18B20 temperature sensor is the module's
primary chip. PCB is the material used. It has a 9-19 resolution adjustment range, mounting
holes for convenient installation, a 2.5 aperture, a temperature measuring range of-55 +1250C,
and a temperature measurement precision of 0.50C. It features a 5V DC operating voltage and
is 28mm x 12mm x 10mm in size.
Figure 11. Push Button Switch
Pushbuttons are basic switches that regulate the power of equipment or devices. These
are usually steel or polyamide switches that are designed to provide the user with convenient
access. A push-button (sometimes written pushbutton) or simple button is a basic switch
mechanism used to automate a device or operation.
Figure 12. High Torque DC Motor Electric Motor (12V DC 3500RPM)

This DC electric motor runs extremely quietly and is completely safe to use. It has the
option of 3500 or 7000rpm high speeds and massive torsion. Cotton candy machines, tiny
cutting benches, grinding machines, and other mechanical equipment all employ this
material.
Figure 13. Low-Speed High Torque Electric Geared DC Motor (12VDC 0.6RPM)
This figure shows a type of DC motor. It may adjust the wire connection to modify the
rotation of the motor, which is a DC motor with a turbine worm. It is a self-locking turbo
worm geared motor, that is, the output axis is fixed in the absence of electricity. The reducer's
output shaft is straight-up aligned with the mechanical shaft, and the entire shaft of the motor
is moderately short compared to a typical gear motor, allowing it to be widely used to meet
the dimensions requirements. fresh and of excellent quality. It's composed of silver-colored
metal with a shaft diameter of about. Its dimensions are around 6mm. 80x32x21mm
(LxWxH). It features a rated voltage of DC12V, a rated power of 2 3W, a load speed of 0.6
RPM/Min, and a rated torque of 20KG.CM.

Figure 14. Hair Dryer Accessories Curlers Heater
Figure 14 illustrates a 120 °C air heater with a hair dryer accessory heater and a 12V
PTC heater heating element. Foot spa equipment, water heaters, dairy manufacturers, cocoa
processing machines, and coffee makers all use PTC electric heating thermostatic thermal
plate 12V constant temperature. The aluminum shell is environmentally sustainable, robust,
and strong to use. It is safe to use with constant temperature and surface insulation. Preheating
of the automobile and its components is also possible. It can be dry heated over an extended
period of time.
Instead of resistance wire, use ceramic material. PTC heating elements are ceramic
stones doped with barium titanate, unlike traditional heating elements that employ a resistance
wire to create heat. As semiconductors, these produced ceramic stones have highly specific
properties that may be carefully defined throughout their design and fabrication. Because PTC
devices do not consume oxygen, they are safer to use in enclosed spaces. As a result, their
energy efficiency improves.

Figure 15. Solenoid Valve
A solenoid generates a magnetic field around a moveable core known as an armature.
The mobility of that armature, when driven to operate by the electrical waves, actuates valves
or switches, converting kinetic energy into heat, motion, and force. Solenoids are
electromagnetic converters that convert alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC) into
linear motion.
Figure 16. LCD Display
A HD44780-based character LCD display and an I2C LCD adaptor make up a standard
I2C LCD display. A LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) is a visual representation of data that
operates primarily using liquid crystals. LEDs are widely used in cellphones, televisions,
computer displays, and instrument panels, and they have a wide range of applications for
consumers and enterprises.

Table 7.
Materials and Specifications
Materials Specifications
Metal Frame Steel Metal Frame
Arduino ATmega2560 board
Cutting gear Metal
Water tank Stainless-steel, cylinder shape
Hose Flexible, rubber
Helix Padel Stainless
Nozzle Stainless steel, thread
Electric Motor High Torque 12V DC, 3500RPM
Grinder Rolls
Drum container Steel 18 gauge
Collection Bin Container like, rectangular
Ceramic Roller Ceramic heater
LCD Module 12C LCD Display, HD44780-based
Relay Module 4 Channel 5V Relay Module, SPDT
Push Button MAX 50mA 24V DC, 100Mohm at 100v
Limit Sensor V-156-1c25, 15A, 250VAC, 125VDC
Temperature Sensor DS18520, 5V DC, 28mm x 12mm x 10mm
Solenoid Valve 1/4" Electric Solenoid Valve 24V DC12V
Figure 17. Schematic Diagram
The figure shows the schematic diagram of the Automated Paper Waste Recycling
Machine. Paper recycling helps to save landfill space and reduce the number of pollutants
discharged into the atmosphere due to combustion. Starting and maintaining a paper recycling
program may assist firms in projecting a favorable corporate and community image.
Researchers conducted a study on decreasing the availability of wasted paper caused by
modular learning in the face of a pandemic, which will benefit all paper users, particularly
schools that frequently utilize paper as a writing medium.

3. Preliminary and functionality testing of the machine through simulation
Figure 18. Air drying or drying in sunlight
Figure 19. Drying using flat iron
Figure 20. Failed paper output

Table 8.
Preliminary Testing
Materials Conducted Procedures Remarks
Bleach Mixed the bleaching solution and Passed

then dipped the paper on it.
Filled up a kitchen blender with
Blender water and then put the shredded Passed
paper on it to refine it. Kept
blending until it formed a pulp.
Silk Screen Dipped the refine paper into silk Passed

screen evenly and let water drain.
Tested with natural light from the
sun at 40°C; waited for 20
Sun Drying minutes to dry and was not very Failed
resilient; tore easily with just a
touch.
Dried the paper at a constant
temperature of 160°C, but the
Ceramic flat irons outcome was charred. regular Failed
temperature of 160°C to dry up
the paper but resulted to burnt.
Figure 21. Bleaching
Figure 22. Mixing
Figure 23. Paper making

Figure 24. Output
When chlorine dioxide is utilized, the quantity of organochlorine compounds formed is
reduced. Currently, chlorine dioxide is the most often used bleaching chemical. Chlorine
dioxide is utilized in ECF bleaching sequences to create nearly 95% of all bleached Kraft
pulp. Chlorine is used to whiten paper and eliminate "lignin," a natural component of wood
fiber that causes it to turn yellow when exposed to sunlight (as occurs with newsprint).
Sun drying is an old-style drying method that involves arranging wet paper fibers in the
open air to minimize the quantity of moisture. The sun's rays warm the fiber as well as the
ambient air, hastening the desiccation of the water in the fiber to create new paper. Based on
tests with natural light from the sun at 40°C, it takes 20 minutes to dry and is not very resilient,
tearing easily with just a touch. Indoor drying takes place overnight and produces the same
results as drying in the sun. Ceramic flat irons are made out of ceramic-coated plates that
ensure consistent heat distribution, a smooth slide through the hair, and a glossy shine. The
ceramic hair iron's regular temperature is 160 °C. Wherein it is the basis for the material of
the drying process of the proposed study, which uses a ceramic roller as the heater or dryer.
The simulator encountered an error during simulation development, causing the
operation to slow down. This is due to a large number of components and the discovery that
wiring is not installed properly. The simulator thought about the best wiring for smoothing
and speeding up the simulation's flow, and it worked.
Table 9.
Functionality Testing
Process/Stage Output Remarks

The first sensor was turned on,
Shredding Stage commanding relays 1 and 3 to Passed
turn on.
It lasted for 10 minutes after
Pulping Stage Passed
receiving shredded paper.
Mixing Stage It mixed for 10 minutes. Passed
Bonded Paper The mixed paper lasted here for
Passed
Laying Stage 10 minutes.
The sensor 2 was tasked with
measuring the heater's
Paper Making Stage temperature and controlling the Passed
relay 4 on and off. It has a
temperature range of 80–100 °C.
In this study, the machine function starts once the switch is turned on to start the
machine, which is not indicated in the simulation because the Arduino Simulator has its own
power. The words will appear on the LCD after it has been turned on. "POWERING ON" will
be displayed for 500 milliseconds, followed by "WELCOME" for 500 milliseconds, and
STATUS: Ready to Recycle. If paper is fed or inserted into the shredding stage, it will hit the
first sensor, which will turn on, commanding relays 1 and 3 to turn on, and if there is no paper
sense, sensor 1 will automatically turn off, sending a signal to relay 1 to stop within 10
minutes, relay 3 to stop for 45 minutes, and then it will proceed to the pulping stage, which
will last for 10 minutes. After 10 minutes, it will automatically advance to the mixing stage,
where it will continue to mix for another 10 minutes. The mixed paper will then proceed to
the bonded paper laying stage, which will last for 10 minutes. After mixing, the mixed paper
will go to the bonded paper laying stage for 10 minutes, and then to the paper making stage,
which is the sensor 2 that is tasked with measuring the heater's temperature and controlling
the relay 4 on and off. It has a temperature of 80–100 °C, and then to the two ceramic heaters
for 10 minutes each. The purpose of button 3 is to allow user to pause the process while sensor
1 is running.
4. Evaluation of the performance of the best design of the machine
4.1 Drying process
The researchers conducted the drying by sun-drying and hair iron, which resulted in an
analysis of the best heater for the project. The researchers came up with the ceramic roller as
a material for the paper's drying process. The machine's two ceramic rollers are heated to 80–
100 °C, and then the ceramic heaters operate for 10 minutes each. Button 3's purpose is to
allow the user to suspend the procedure while sensor 1 is active. Since the ceramic heater has
the ability to smooth materials, the use of these dryers will help to smooth the product
papers.to smoothen materials the use of these dryers will help to smoothen the product papers.
4.2 Product output
In this work, the researchers produced new recycled paper, which is a thin layer of fibers
made of natural pulp that may be used for writing, drawing, printing, or packaging. It has a
20-substance capacity and a 2 mm output thickness. A4 paper, the most extensively used and
recognized sheet of paper, is what they produce. The machine prints an A4 sheet of paper.
4.3 Safety
Always be aware of any machines that run hot in the workplace, including those related
to equipment or machinery that may be used, operated with, or nearby. Place and keep caution
labels near any machines that could get too hot. The machine has its button 3 is to allow you to pause
the process while sensor 1 is running for emergency purposes and created the machine with smooth
edges.
Figure 25. Safety Caution
5. Presentation of the design using software through 3D Modeling
The researchers brainstormed solutions to the highlighted challenges in paper waste
management and came up with a concept that provides a solution that is independent of the
paper waste recycling equipment. They enlisted the services of an animator to create a 3D
model that depicts the machine in three dimensions. The animator used AutoCAD as the 3D
modeling application.
The Autodesk company developed AutoCAD, a computer-aided design application. It
makes it easier and faster to generate and edit digital 2D and 3D drawings than by hand. Data
may be saved and kept on the cloud, making it accessible from anywhere at any time
Figure 26. Isometric View

Figure 27. Right Side View
Figure 28. Left Side View

CHAPTER V
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter summarizes the findings, conclusions, and recommendations of the study.
Summary of Findings
After the design and simulation of the Automated Paper Waste Recycling Machine, the
researchers had formulated the following findings:
1. Determination of the Design and Simulation of the Automated Paper Recycling
Machine considering the system components
The researchers devised the design by taking into account a variety of aspects that are
critical to their research. In the middle of a pandemic, these elements include the abundance
of paper waste brought on by modular learning. The used and discarded papers brought by
modular learning amidst the pandemic passed through many processes. This method was used
to determine the design and simulation of an automated paper waste recycling machine.
2. Determination of the best design alternative
To develop a design for an automated paper waste recycling machine, numerous existing
machines and their features were studied. The specifications, compatibility, optimal system
component, and evaluation and testing were all taken into account.
3. Preliminary and functionality testing of the machine through simulation
Chlorine dioxide was used to whiten both writing materials and yellow papers. Bleached
papers that went through numerous procedures were used to test temperature and time in
various drying methods. The recycled paper was dried by sun drying, which employs natural
light and measures 40°C and takes 20 minutes. Indoor drying is similar to sun drying, with
the exception of the time. The hair iron's ceramic heater, which maintains a constant
temperature of 160 °C, gives smooth, sleek, and glossy results, although not as perfect as the
researchers would like.
The simulator encountered a problem with the flow while establishing it, but it was
resolved by reconstructing a new wire connection. The Arduino Mega is the machine's
microcontroller, which controls all of the machine's key components. The papers went
through a series of operations that automatically incorporated sensors and relays until they
reached the final step.
4. Evaluation of the performance of the best design of the machine
4.1 Drying Process
The researchers conducted the drying by sun-drying at 40°C and using a hair iron at
160°C, which resulted in an analysis of the best heater for the project. For gloss, luster, and
desired outcome, the machine used ceramic heaters programmed at 80–100°C that ran for 10
minutes each.
4.2 Product Output
The finished product resembles to a fresh new A4 sheet of paper with the correct
dimensions.
4.3 Safety
To avoid danger, it is advised that precautions be put in place. Caution should be taken
when working on a hot surface.
5. Presentation of the design using 3D Modeling
The researchers used 3D modeling to devise an appropriate design for an automated
paper waste recycling machine, taking into account the device's components as well as the
faults that have already been identified. The protection provided by the machine while in use
frequently contributes to the development of a design that assures the operator's safety.
Different views of the design were offered to familiarize the users with the automated paper
waste recycling machine parts. To complete the project, the researchers enlisted the help of a
professional animator for the animation of the design. The proposed design for the automated
paper recycling machine was presented in 3D modeling, which helped researchers present
their findings more effectively.
Conclusions
Based on the findings of the study, the following were herby concluded:
1. The Automated Paper Waste Recycling Machine's design and construction were
based on the conception of concepts and innovations derived from existing machines.
2. The availability of wasted papers brought by modular learning amidst pandemic and
system components was properly considered and selected for the determination of the design
and simulation of the Automated Paper Waste Recycling Machine.
3. Researchers have found differences between the procedures utilized and the
materials used when doing manual paper recycling. With this preliminary testing, the
researchers discovered that using ceramic rollers as a drying technique is preferable. Because
there was a mistake with the simulation, it was successful via another try, and the simulation
ended up with a solution.
4. The evaluation of the performance of the best design of the Automated Paper Waste
Recycling Machine was based on the formulation of concepts and the identification of
problem involvement.
5. The 3D modeling was constructed with the assistance of a professional to ensure
that the design of the machine would be depicted and presented in a clear and understandable
manner.
Recommendations
Future researchers might consider the following to further improve this undertaking.
1. Consider additional study on enhancing the machine's architecture to assure its long-
term viability. Efficiency and dependability must be taken into account.
2. Use a PLC for more powerful and stable computer software.
3. Further research into the arrangement of the automated paper waste recycling
machine's components and size is required to make it far more powerful.
4. Additional thinking and investigation into the location of the safety switch are
required to assure the machine's safety.
5. Seek advice from the best and legitimate 3D animator.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Books/Journal/Article
Aditya, M. D. (2020). Design and Fabrication of Paper Recycling Unit. International Journal
of Mechanical Egineering Technology11(2), 32-44.
Oluwole, A. A. (2019). Design and Farication of Waste Paper Recycling Machine for
Laboratory and Medium Scale Operation. Journal of Production Engineering.
Bajpai. (2017). Pulp and Paper Industry. Elsevier Inc.
Faul. (2010). Quality Requirements in Graphic Paper Recycling. Cellulose Chemistry and
Technology, 451-460.
Oluwole, S. A. (2019). Design and Fabrication of Waste Paper Recycling Machine for
Laboratory and Medium Scale Operation. Journal of Production Engineering, 22.
Oreko, E. O. (2019). Design and Construction of a Paper Shredding Machine. Journal of

Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology , Vol. 6 Issue 5.
Rao, X. Y. (2013). Modeling and Advanced Control for Process Industries: Applications to
Paper Making Process . Advances in Industrial Control.
Roda, K. (2017). Feasibility of Biomass Briquette Production from. MPDI resources.
Telrandhe, I. G. (2020). Development and Fabrication of Paper Recycling Machine.

International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology.
Woerden, B.-T. Y. (2018). What a Waste 2.0: A Global Snapshot of Solid Waste Management
to 2050. The World Bank.
Electronic Reference
https://ru-facts.com/what-can-arduino-mega-2560-do/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceramic_heater#:~:text=A%20ceramic%20heater%20as%20a,
to%20metal-element%20fan%20heaters.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_container
https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Gear-
cutting+Machine#:~:text=A%20gear%2Dcutting%20machine%20is,as%20well%20as
%20worm%20gears.
https://www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/cutting/related
https://www.britannica.com/technology/drum-container
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_motor#:~:text=An%20electric%20motor%20is%20an
,applied%20on%20the%20motor's%20shaft.
https://www.flex-tools.com/en/products/wr2-100x500-sw10-2/
https://www.lexico.com/definition/hosepipe
https://www.electronicsforu.com/technology-trends/learn-electronics/16x2-lcd-pinout-
diagram
https://realpars.com/limit-switch/
https://www.ugc.ph/product/light-metal-frames/
https://www.lexico.com/definition/nozzle
https://www.seeedstudio.com/blog/2020/01/03/arduino-tutorial-control-high-voltage-
devices-with-relay-modules/
devices-with-relay-modules/
http://www.santinelli.com/screwgrinder#:~:text=The%20Screw%20Grinder%E2%84%A2%
20is,best%20value%20on%20the%20market.
https://artsandculture.google.com/entity/solenoid-valve/m06hsj2?hl=en
https://www.variohm.com/news-media/technical-blog-archive/what-is-a-temperaturesensor-
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_tank
APPENDICES
PARTS OF THE PROJECT
Figure 29. Shredding
Figure 30. Grinding

Figure 31. Right Side View
Figure 32. Left Side View

Figure 33. Simulation

Definition of Terms
To understand the concept of the study, the following terms are lexically and
operationally defined.
Arduino Mega - Arduino Mega 2560 is a development electronic board based on the
Atmega2560 microcontroller. This board is a good match for projects that require more GPIO
pins and memory space because it carries 16 analog pins and 54 digital I/O pins out of which
15 pins are used for PWM output. https://ru-facts.com/what-can-arduino-mega-2560-do/. In
the study, it is the microcontroller board wherein the codes are programmed to perform a task
or command for the different stages of the machine to perform.
Ceramic roller – It is a space heater that generates heat using a heating element of
ceramic with a positive temperature coefficient. Ceramic heaters are usually portable and
typically used for heating a room or small office, and are of similar utility to metal-element
fan heaters. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceramic_heater#:~s. With regards to the study, this
type of material is commonly seen in hair curlers and irons. It is used in the drying process of
the machine’s paper-making stage in this study. A ceramic roller for drying the waste papers
for making a smoother output, which is a new sheet of paper.
Collection Bin – It is a waste container, also known as a dustbin, garbage can, and the
trash can is a type of container that is usually made out of metal or plastic.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_container. In application to this study, during the cutting
of the output of new papers, the collecting dust bin gathers the wastes, which are the excessed
papers.
Cutting gear – It is used to rough out and finish gear teeth, to fit gears, and to fine finish
and round off the butt ends of gear teeth. Gear-milling machines are used to make spur,
helical, and herringbone gears, as well as worm gears.
https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Gearcutting+Machine#:~:text=A%20gear%2Dc
utting. On the other hand, the cutting gear functions as a waste paper shredder, which can fine
in the first step of the operation, which is the shredding stage.
Die Cutter - It is used to cut paper or cards into shapes with sharp steel knives, such as
in the manufacture of cardboard boxes. https://www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary. In
the study, a die cutter refers to a press or equipment of the machine that cuts the paper into a
specific size and form.
Drum – It is a container that is used to hold water or liquids.
https://www.britannica.com/technology/drum-container. In this study, this functions in a
circular motion for the paper to keep rolling which is accompanied by the ceramic roller to
dry and flatten the sheets during the paper-making process.
Electric Motor – It is an electrical machine that converts electrical energy into
mechanical energy. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_motor#:~:text=An%20electric. In
this study, it is utilized to power the machine found at various stages of the paper waste
recycling process.
Helix Padel - Two clockwise helices for kneading and mixing tough to pasty materials.
The mixer paddle screws itself down forcing the material upwards. Extremely versatile, can
be used for: tile adhesive, grout, filler, finished plaster, adhesive mortar, filler compound,
floor screed. https://www.flex-tools.com/en/products/wr2-100x500-sw10-2/. With regards to
the study, a helix padel functions as mixing equipment in the machine’s shredding, pulping
and mixing stage to push the process waste papers to another stage.
Hose – It is a flexible tube conveying water, used chiefly for watering plants and in
firefighting. https://www.lexico.com/definition/hosepipe On the other hand, for the liquids to
flow to continue the process, the hose is linked to the water tank and the tank for the
adhesive mixture.
LCD Module - An LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic display module
and has a wide range of applications. A 16x2 LCD display is very basic module and is very
commonly used in various devices and circuits. A 16x2 LCD means it can display 16
characters per line and there are 2 such lines. https://www.electronicsforu.com/technology-
trends/learn-electronics/16x2-lcd-pinout-diagram. In the study, an LCD display functions as
a monitor for projecting machine information and status on the screen.
Limit Sensor - The limit sensor is used to identify whether or not an object is present
in a machine stage. https://realpars.com/limit-switch/ In this study, a limit switch is a switch
operated by the motion of a machine part or the presence of an object. A limit switch can be
used for controlling machinery as part of a control system, as a safety interlock, or as a counter
enumerating object passing a point.
Metal Frame- A substitute for wood frame structure, termite free and will not ignite.
Offer superior strength and enhance design flexibility. https://www.ugc.ph/product/light-
metal-frames/. As seen in the design dimensions of the machine, a metal frame serves as the
machine's frame
Nozzle - A cylindrical or round spout at the end of a pipe, hose, or tube used to control
a jet of gas or liquid. https://www.lexico.com/definition/nozzle. On the other hand, nozzles

are used to regulate the rate of flow of liquid or paper mixtures, as well as the speed, direction,
mass, form, and pressure of the stream that exits from them.
Push Button - The relay module is an electrically operated switch that can be turned on
or off deciding to let current flow through or not. They are designed to be controlled with low
voltages like 3.3V like the ESP32, ESP8266, etc, or 5V like your Arduino.
devices-with-relay-modules/ In application to the study, push button switches allows to power
a circuit or establish a specific connection only when the button is pressed.
Relay Module - The relay module is an electrically operated switch that can be turned
on or off deciding to let current flow through or not. They are designed to be controlled with
low voltages like 3.3V like the ESP32, ESP8266, etc, or 5V like your Arduino.
devices-with-relay-modules/ With regards to the study, a 4-channel relay module allows to
operate up to four different devices at once.
Screw Type Grinder – It is an easy-to-use tool for finishing rimless metal screws. It
offers professional-looking results at the best value on the market. Faster solution for finishing
drilled rimless metal screws vs. hand filing. http://www.santinelli.com/screw-
grinder#:~:text=The%20Screw%20Grinder%E2%84%A2%20is,best%20value%20on%20th
e%20market. As an application to this study, a screw-type grinder, which is used to grind the
mixture in the mixing stage of the paper recycling machine, also allows it to go to the next
stage.
Solenoid Valve – It is an electromechanically operated valve. Solenoid valves differ in

the characteristics of the electric current they use, the strength of the magnetic field they
generate, the mechanism they use to regulate the fluid, and the type and characteristics of fluid
they control. https://artsandculture.google.com/entity/solenoid-valve/m06hsj2?hl=en. On the
other hand, this is frequently used to turn off, release, dose, distribute, or mix liquids.
Temperature Sensor – It is a device used to measure temperature. This can be air
temperature, liquid temperature, or the temperature of solid matter.
https://www.variohm.com/news-media/technical-blog-archive/what-is-a-temperature-
sensor-. In application to this study, a temperature sensor is a device, usually a thermocouple
or resistance temperature detector, that offers temperature measurement in a readable form
through an electrical signal, as the drying process contains heat.
Water tank – It is a container for storing water. Water tanks are used to provide storage
of water for use in many applications, including drinking water, irrigation agriculture, fire
suppression, agricultural farming, both for plants and livestock, chemical manufacturing, food
preparation as well as many other uses. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_tank. In this
study, a water tank container contains water and the adhesive mixture to be used in mixing
and pulping paper waste.

Brucal, John Kenneth G.

Alagao, Bauan, Batangas
Contact no. (+63) 955 762 6711
E-mail: johnkenneth.brucal@g.batstate-u.edu.ph
PERSONAL DATA
Nickname : Kenneth
Date of Birth : November 27, 2000
Place of Birth : Tanza, Cavite
Height : 5’7”
Weight : 56
Age : 20
Gender : Male
Civil Status : Single
Religion : Roman Catholic
Father : Rejie B. Brucal
Mother : Ma. Teresa G, Brucal
EDUCATION
Tertiary
Bachelor of Industrial Technology Major in
Electronics Technology BATANGAS STATE
UNIVERSITY MAIN CAMPUS II Alangilan
Batangas City
(2019 – Present)
Secondary
Technical Vocational Livelihood (GTAW)
Senior High School
Bauan Technical High School
(2016-2019)
Junior High School
Bauan Technical High School
(2012-2016)
Primary
Alagao Malindig, Elementery School
(2006 -2012)
I hereby certify that the above information is true and correct.
JOHN KENNETH G. BRUCAL

Catapang, Mika Jane O.

Talaga, Lemery Batangas
Contact no. (+63) 930 172 9290
E-mail: mikajane.catapang@g.batstate-u.edu.ph
PERSONAL DATA
Nickname : Mika
Date of Birth : January 27, 2001
Place of Birth : Lemery Batangas
Height : 5’3”
Age : 21
Gender : Female
Father : Benedicto Catapang
Mother : Eleanor Catapang
EDUCATION
Tertiary
Batangas City
(2019 – Present)
Secondary
Senior High School
Lemery, Senior High School
(2016-2019)
Junior High School
Ananias C. Hernandez National High School
(2012-2016)
Primary
Talaga Elementery School
(2006 -2012)
MIKA JANE O. CATAPANG

Evangelista, Cathlen B.
Papaya, Tingloy, Batangas
Contact no. (+63) 946 327 7235
E-mail: cathlen.evangelista@g.batstate-u.edu.ph
PERSONAL DATA
Nickname : Cathlen
Date of Birth : November 24, 2000
Place of Birth : Papaya Tingloy Batangas
Height : 5’6”
Weight : 76
Age : 20
Gender : Female
Father : Michael Evangelista
Mother : Rosalie Binay
EDUCATION
Tertiary
Batangas City
(2019 – Present)
Secondary
Technical Vocational Livelihood (EIM)
Senior High School
San Pascual Senior High School
(2016-2019)
Junior High School
Papaya National High School
(2012-2016)
Primary
Papaya Elementary School
(2006-2012)
CATHLEN B. EVANGELISTA
Flores, Vinz Russell C.

Kumintang Ilaya, Batangas City, Batangas
Contact no. (+63) 905 749 2054
E-mail: vinzrussell.flores@g.batstate-u.edu.ph
PERSONAL DATA
Nickname : Vinz
Date of Birth : April 22, 2001
Place of Birth : Naujan, Oriental Minodoro
Height : 5’9”
Weight : 86
Age : 20
Gender : Male
Religion : Iglesia Ni Cristo
Father : Benjamin Flores
Mother : Flordeliza Carable
EDUCATION
Tertiary
Batangas City
(2019 – Present)
Secondary
Technical Vocational Livelihood (Animation)
Senior High School
Inarawan, National High School
(2016-2019)
Junior High School
Inarawan, Naujan High School
(2012-2016)
Primary
Inarawan, Elementery School
(2006 -2012)
VINZ RUSSEL C. FLORES

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BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

The National Engineering University

DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF

A Project Development Study

Brucal, John Kenneth G.

This project development study entitled “DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF

AUTOMATED PAPER WASTE RECYCLING MACHINE” was prepared and submitted

by JOHN KENNETH G. BRUCAL, MIKA JANE O. CATAPANG, CATHLEN B.

major in Electronics Technology.

IRISH GISELLE C. BAUTISTA, MEM

ALBERT VILLENA, DT MARILOU A. MAALA, MBA, MPA

Bachelor of Industrial Technology major in Electronics Technology.

Date: ___________ ELISA D. GUTIERREZ, DT

His blessings, this achievement would not have been possible.

To Batangas State University and College of Industrial Technology (CIT), for

allowing them to complete their studies and learn.

time, advice, and suggestions in completing this study.

immense understanding towards the improvement of this study.

assistance, and encouragement that led in the development of this study.

and who have inspired them to complete this work.

This project development study is heartily dedicated to:

The Almighty God

Our beloved parents;

Our dear brothers, and sisters;

Our special loved ones;

Our faithful friends;

Our supportive adviser; and,

Everyone who became a part of this project.

In today's technological world, people are beginning to consider going paperless.

shredding, pulping, mixing, bonded paper laying, and paper making.

Background of the Study 1

Objectives of the Study 2

Scope and Delimitation of the Study 3

Importance of the Study 5

II. LITERATURE REVIEW

Synthesis of the Study 17

III. DESIGN AND METHODS

Technical Design and Procedure 22

Data Collection Treatment 26

Work Breakdown and Time Allotment 28

IV. PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION

Determination of the best design alternative 29

Determination of the Design and Simulation of the proposed 33

Preliminary and functionality testing of the machine through 34

Evaluation of the performance of the best design of the machine 48

Presentation of the design using software through 3D Modeling 49

V. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND

Parts of the Project 58

Table No. Title Page

1. Bills of Materials and Specifications 27

2. Gantt Chart of Activities 31

3. Comparative Analysis of the Paper Recycling Unit 31

4. Comparative Analysis of the Waste Paper Recycler Unit 32

5. Comparative Analysis of the Existing Designs and Proposed Study 32

6. Comparative Analysis of System Components 34

Figure No. Title Page

1. Conceptual Paradigm of the Study 21

3. Process and Parts of the Machine 24

4. Machine Isometric View 25

5. Design and Development of Paper Recycling Unit 30

6. Model of the Design and Development of Paper Recycling Unit 30

Waste Paper Recycler Unit design and manufacture for 31

10. Temperature Sensor Module 36