Effectivity of K-12 curriculum and Job Employment Rate of Japanese Youths

Overview of the education system (EAG 2022)

Between 2000 and 2021, the share of 25-34 year-olds with tertiary attainment in Japan
increased albeit at a slower pace than on average across OECD countries, by 17
percentage points (from 48% in 2000 to 65% in 2021).

In Japan, 65% of 25-34 year-olds had a tertiary qualification in 2021 compared to 47%
on average across OECD countries.

In 2020, 95% of 3-5 year-olds in Japan were enrolled in early childhood education
programmes education in Japan, compared to 83% on average across OECD countries.
The share of children enrolled in private institutions at pre-primary level was 77%. In
2019, Japan spent USD 8 118 on pre-primary educational institutions, below the OECD
average (USD 9 598%), 34% was funded by private sources.

In Japan, the share of women among general upper secondary graduates is 51%
(OECD average 55%). Men make up 57% of all vocational upper secondary graduates,
slightly above the OECD average (55%).

The share of part-time students at the tertiary level in Japan is 7%, below the OECD
average (22%). Compared to 2013, it has decreased.

In 2019, Japan spent 4% of its GDP or a total of USD 12 474 per full-time equivalent
student on primary to tertiary educational institutions compared to USD 11 990 on
average across OECD countries. Education funding reached USD 19 504 per student at
the tertiary level.

Based on official regulations or agreements,annual teaching hours in Japan are 750

hours at primary level, 609 hours at lower secondary level (general programmes) and
507 hours at upper secondary level (general programmes).

| Education at a Glance 2022 | Country Note | Annexes from Education at a Glance

2022 | OECD Handbook for Internationally Comparative Education Statistics 2018 |
OECD Education Policy Outlook: Japan | Monbukagakusho (Ministry of Education,
Culture, Sports, Science and Technology-Japan [MEXT]) |

PROFILE VIEW

Highlights Data table Charts by topic Diagram of education system Diagram of funding
flows

The following list displays indicators for which your selected country shows the highest
and lowest values among countries. The list can be sorted by level of education or by
age group. All rankings are calculated including available data from OECD and partner
countries. Find out more about the methodology here.

Attainment

The level of tertiary attainment among 25-64 year-olds is one of the highest among
OECD and partner countries with available data. (55.6 %, rank 2/44 , 2021) Download
Indicator

The level of tertiary attainment among 25-34 year-olds is one of the highest among
OECD and partner countries with available data. (64.8 %, rank 3/43 , 2021)

In Japan, the percentage of 25-64 year-olds who attained a bachelor's or equivalent

tertiary education degree is one of the highest among countries with available data.
(34.2 %, rank 1/44 , 2021)

The level of short-cycle tertiary attainment among 25-34 year-olds is one of the highest
among OECD and partner countries with available data. (18.2 %, rank 3/33 , 2021)
In Japan, the share of 25-34 year-olds who attained a bachelor's or equivalent tertiary
education degree is one of the highest among countries with available data. (46.6 %,
rank 1/43 , 2021)

Attainment by gender

The proportion of 25-34 year-old men who have attained tertiary education is one of the
highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (61.6 %, rank 2/43 ,
2021)

The proportion of 25-34 year-old women who have attained tertiary education is one of
the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (68.2 %, rank 3/43 ,
2021)

Participation in education

The enrolment rate of 6-14 year-olds in Japan is one of the highest among OECD and
partner countries with available data. (100 %, rank 1/43 , 2020)

The proportion of upper secondary students enrolled in vocational programmes is one

of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (22 %, rank
36/42 , 2020)

The percentage of four-year-olds in early childhood and primary education in Japan is

one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (100 %, rank
1/37 , 2020)

The percentage of students in public tertiary educational institutions is one of the lowest
among OECD and partner countries with available data. (21 %, rank 38/42 , 2020)

The percentage of students in independent private tertiary educational institutions is one

of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (79 %, rank
2/31 , 2020) In Japan, the share of part-time students in short-cycle programmes is
relatively small. (3.2 %, rank 20/28 , 2018)
The percentage of 3-5 year-old children in early childhood and primary education in
Japan is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data.
(94.9 %, rank 10/37 , 2020)

In Japan, the enrolment rate of children under 3 is one of the lowest among OECD and
partner countries with available data. (2.7 %, rank 29/37 , 2020)

The share of students enrolled in programmes providing full completion and access to
tertiary education among all students enrolled in upper secondary vocational
programmes is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available
data. (98.5 %, rank 8/34 , 2020)

In Japan, the average age of new entrants in master's programmes is one of the lowest
among OECD and partner countries with available data. (23.6 Years, rank 36/37 , 2020)

The enrolment rate of students aged 17 in general upper secondary programmes in

Japan is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data.
(76.2 %, rank 7/42 , 2020)

The enrolment rate of students aged 18 in general upper secondary programmes in

Japan is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (2.1
%, rank 42/42 , 2020)

The enrolment rate of students aged 18 in vocational upper secondary programmes in

Japan is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.3
%, rank 38/38 , 2020)

The enrolment rate of students aged 19 in general upper secondary programmes in

Japan is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.6
%, rank 40/42 , 2020)

The enrolment rate of students aged 19 in post-secondary non-tertiary programmes in

Japan is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0
%, rank 28/30 , 2020)
The enrolment rate of students aged 19 in vocational upper secondary programmes in
Japan is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0
%, rank 38/38 , 2020)

The proportion of women among the new entrants in master's programmes in Japan is
relatively low compared to other OECD and partner countries. (35.2 %, rank 39/39 ,
2020)

In Japan, the percentage of students enrolled in private institutions at all early childhood
education level is comparatively high. (78.2 %, rank 3/36 , 2020)

In Japan, the percentage of students enrolled in private institutions at pre-primary level

is comparatively high. (78.2 %, rank 4/43 , 2020)

Graduation

The percentage of first-time graduates in vocational programmes at upper secondary

level is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (22.1
%, rank 26/35 , 2020)

In Japan, the percentage of bachelor's or equivalent graduates in public institutions is

one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (21.5 %, rank
31/34 , 2020)

In Japan, the percentage of master's or equivalent graduates in public institutions is

one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (56.3 %,
rank 26/34 , 2020) The share of long first degree master's graduates in public
institutions is relatively low in Japan. (32.8 %, rank 20/21 , 2020)

The share of doctorate graduates in public institutions is relatively low in Japan. (76 %,
rank 28/36 , 2020)
The share of first-time short-cycle graduates is relatively high in Japan. (32.5 %, rank
6/27 , 2020)

The percentage of first-time bachelor's graduates is relatively low in Japan. (64.9 %,

rank 24/31 , 2020)

The percentage of first-time master's graduates is relatively low in Japan. (2.6 %, rank
18/24 , 2020)

Graduation by gender

Among OECD and partner countries with available data, Japan has one of the smallest
shares of women graduates from tertiary programmes. (51.8 %, rank 33/35 , 2020)

In Japan, the share of female doctoral graduates in the field of Natural sciences,
mathematics and statistics is relatively low. (21.5 %, rank 42/42 , 2020)

In Japan, the share of female doctoral graduates in the field of business, administration
and law is relatively low. (32.7 %, rank 38/41 , 2020)

In Japan, the share of female doctoral graduates in the field of engineering,

manufacturing and construction is relatively low. (17.6 %, rank 38/41 , 2020)

In Japan, the proportion of male tertiary graduates in the field of arts and humanities is
relatively large. (9.7 %, rank 9/41 , 2020)

The share of male tertiary graduates in the field of health and welfare is relatively high in
Japan. (10.5 %, rank 7/41 , 2020)

Graduation by age

In Japan, the average age of first-time tertiary graduates is relatively low. (22 Years,
rank 30/30 , 2020)

Graduation by field of education

The share of doctoral graduates in the field of sciences, journalism and information in
Japan is relatively small. (3.7 %, rank 42/42 , 2020)

The share of doctoral graduates in the field of business, administration and law in Japan
is relatively small. (3.6 %, rank 38/42 , 2020)

The share of doctoral graduates in the field of Natural sciences, mathematics and
statistics in Japan is relatively small. (13.2 %, rank 37/42 , 2020) The share of doctoral
graduates in the field of health and welfare in Japan is relatively large. (39.3 %, rank
1/42 , 2020)

Fields of education

In Japan, the percentage of new entrants to tertiary education in the field of natural
sciences, mathematics and statistics is relatively low. (2.9 %, rank 32/36 , 2020) The
share of female who enter tertiary education in the field of education is one of the
smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (70.6 %, rank 32/36 ,
2020)

The share of female who enter tertiary education in the field of social sciences,
journalism and information is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries
with available data. (46.6 %, rank 36/36 , 2020)

The share of female who enter tertiary education in the field of business, administration
and law is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data.
(37 %, rank 36/36 , 2020)

The share of female who enter tertiary education in the field of natural sciences,
mathematics and statistics is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries
with available data. (27 %, rank 36/36 , 2020)

The share of female who enter tertiary education in the field of engineering,
manufacturing and construction is one of the smallest among OECD and partner
countries with available data. (15.9 %, rank 36/36 , 2020)
The share of female who enter tertiary education in the field of health and welfare is one
of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (66.9 %, rank
35/36 , 2020)

In Japan, the share of female among new entrants in doctoral programmes enrolled in
the field of education is relatively small. (46.3 %, rank 34/34 , 2020) Download Indicator

In Japan, the share of female among new entrants in doctoral programmes enrolled in
the field of natural sciences, mathematics and statistics is relatively small. (19.4 %, rank
35/35 , 2020)

The share of female among new entrants in doctoral programmes enrolled in the field of
engineering, manufacturing and construction in Japan is relatively small. (15.9 %, rank
35/35 , 2020)

In Japan, the share of female among new entrants in doctoral programmes enrolled in
the field of health and welfare is relatively small. (34.5 %, rank 34/34 , 2020) In Japan,
the share of women among new entrants in bachelor's programmes in the field of
education is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available
data. (59.4 %, rank 36/36 , 2020)

In Japan, the share of women among new entrants in bachelor's programmes in the
field of engineering, manufacturing and construction is one of the smallest among
OECD and partner countries with available data. (16.2 %, rank 36/36 , 2020)

In Japan, the share of women among new entrants in bachelor's programmes in the
field of health and welfare is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries
with available data. (72.9 %, rank 31/36 , 2020)
In Japan, the share of women among new entrants in bachelor's programmes in the
field of natural sciences, mathematics and statistics is one of the smallest among OECD
and partner countries with available data. (28.8 %, rank 36/36 , 2020)

In Japan, the share of women among new entrants in bachelor's programmes in the
field of science, technology, engineering and mathematics is one of the smallest among
OECD and partner countries with available data. (18.4 %, rank 36/36 , 2020) The share
of female students entering doctoral or equivalent programmes in Science, technology,
engineering and mathematics (STEM) in Japan is one of the smallest compared to other
OECD countries and partner economies. (17.2 %, rank 35/35 , 2020)

The share of female students entering master's or equivalent programmes in education

in Japan is one of the smallest compared to other OECD countries and partner
economies. (46.1 %, rank 36/36 , 2020)

The share of female students entering master's or equivalent programmes in

engineering, manufacturing and construction in Japan is one of the smallest compared
to other OECD countries and partner economies. (13 %, rank 36/36 , 2020)

The share of female students entering master's or equivalent programmes in health and
welfare in Japan is one of the smallest compared to other OECD countries and partner
economies. (51.1 %, rank 36/36 , 2020)

The share of female students entering master's or equivalent programmes in natural

sciences, mathematics and statistics in Japan is one of the smallest compared to other
OECD countries and partner economies. (24.8 %, rank 36/36 , 2020)

The share of female students entering master's or equivalent programmes in Science,

technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) in Japan is one of the smallest
compared to other OECD countries and partner economies. (15.7 %, rank 36/36 , 2020)
In Japan, the share of men among new entrants in bachelor's programmes in the field of
natural sciences, mathematics and statistics is one of the largest among OECD and
partner countries with available data. (71.2 %, rank 1/36 , 2020)

The share of male students entering master's or equivalent programmes in natural

sciences, mathematics and statistics in Japan is one of the largest compared to other
OECD countries and partner economies. (75.2 %, rank 1/36 , 2020)

In Japan, the share of men among new entrants in bachelor's programmes in the field of
health and welfare is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with
available data. (27.1 %, rank 6/36 , 2020)

In Japan, the share of men among new entrants in bachelor's programmes in the field of
science, technology, engineering and mathematics is one of the largest among OECD
and partner countries with available data. (81.6 %, rank 1/36 , 2020)

The share of male students entering doctoral or equivalent programmes in Science,

technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) in Japan is one of the largest
compared to other OECD countries and partner economies. (82.8 %, rank 1/35 , 2020)

The share of male students entering master's or equivalent programmes in education in

Japan is one of the largest compared to other OECD countries and partner economies.
(53.9 %, rank 1/36 , 2020)

The share of male students entering master's or equivalent programmes in engineering,

manufacturing and construction in Japan is one of the largest compared to other OECD
countries and partner economies. (87 %, rank 1/36 , 2020)
The share of male students entering master's or equivalent programmes in health and
welfare in Japan is one of the largest compared to other OECD countries and partner
economies. (48.9 %, rank 1/36 , 2020)

The share of male students entering master's or equivalent programmes in Science,

technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) in Japan is one of the largest
compared to other OECD countries and partner economies. (84.3 %, rank 1/36 , 2020)

In Japan, the percentage of new entrants to doctoral programmes in the field of

business, administration and law is relatively low, compared to other countries with
available data. (4.2 %, rank 31/34 , 2020) In Japan, the percentage of new entrants to
doctoral programmes in the field of health and welfare is relatively high, compared to
other countries with available data. (44.8 %, rank 1/34 , 2020)

In Japan, the percentage of new entrants to doctoral programmes in the field of natural
sciences, mathematics and statistics is relatively low. (11.1 %, rank 32/34 , 2020)

In Japan, the percentage of new entrants to doctoral programmes in the field of social
sciences, journalism and information is relatively low, compared to other countries with
available data. (3.2 %, rank 34/34 , 2020)

Student mobility

In Japan, the proportion of young men who are neither employed nor in education or
training among 15-19 year-olds is comparatively large. (3.5 %, rank 7/80 , 2020) The
percentage of national tertiary students enrolled abroad in Japan is relatively low. (0.9
%, rank 35/38 , 2020)

In Japan, the number of international or foreign students per national student abroad is
one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (7 Students,
rank 5/38 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Japan, international or foreign students from Asia are most represented among all
international or foreign students, compared to other OECD and partner countries with
available data. (94.1 %, rank 7/74 , 2020)

In Japan, the proportion of international graduates among bachelor's first-time

graduates is relatively low. (2.3 %, rank 23/30 , 2020)

In Japan, the proportion of international or foreign students enrolled in short-cycle

tertiary programmes is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with
available data. (10.9 %, rank 6/34 , 2020)

In Japan, the percentage of international or foreign students coming from neighbouring

countries is comparatively high . (52 Students, rank 10/45 , 2020)

In Japan, the share of international or foreign students enrolled in bachelor's

programmes among men is relatively low compared to other OECD and partner
countries. (3.2 %, rank 28/37 , 2020)

In Japan, the share of international or foreign students enrolled in master's programmes

among men is relatively low compared to other OECD and partner countries. (8.4 %,
rank 30/37 , 2020)

In Japan, the share of international or foreign students enrolled in short-cycle tertiary

programmes among men is relatively high compared to other OECD and partner
countries. (16.6 %, rank 5/33 , 2020)

In Japan, the share of international or foreign students enrolled in short-cycle tertiary

programmes among women is relatively high compared to other OECD and partner
countries. (7.2 %, rank 8/33 , 2020)
Student mobility by field of education

In Japan, the share of international and foreign students among all students in the field
of education is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with avaialble
data. (0.7 %, rank 32/36 , 2020)

In Japan, the share of international and foreign students among all students in the field
of health and welfare is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with
avaialble data. (0.9 %, rank 33/36 , 2020)

In Japan, the percentage of international doctoral graduates in the field of Natural

sciences, mathematics and statistics is one of the lowest among OECD and partner
countries with available data. (10 %, rank 32/35 , 2020)

Expenditure per student

In Japan, the total expenditure per full-time equivalent student on tertiary education is
one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (19470 USD
Equivalent 2015, rank 8/37 , 2019)

Expenditure in education and national wealth

In Japan, expenditure on primary through tertiary educational institutions as a

percentage of GDP is one of the lowest among OECD countries and partner
economies. (4 %, rank 29/36 , 2019)

Compared to 2011, GDP is comparatively low. (105 Index, rank 37/42 , 2019)

In Japan, public and private expenditure on primary, secondary and post-secondary

non-tertiary educational institutions as a percentage of GDP is comparatively low. (2.6
%, rank 34/36 , 2019)
In Japan, public expenditure on educational institutions as a percentage of GDP on
primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education from final source of
funds is relatively low. (2.4 %, rank 37/40 , 2019)

In Japan, public expenditure on educational institutions as a percentage of GDP on

tertiary education from final source of funds is relatively low. (0.5 %, rank 38/41 , 2019)

In Japan, public expenditure on educational institutions as a percentage of GDP on

primary to tertiary education from final source of funds is relatively low. (2.8 %, rank
39/40 , 2019)

The average annual growth in the number of full-time equivalent student (2012 to 2018)
at primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary level is comparatively small in
Japan. (-0.9 %, rank 35/39 , 2019)

From 2012 to 2018, the average annual growth in total expenditure on educational
institutions at primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary level is relatively low
in Japan. (-0.2 %, rank 29/32 , 2019)

From 2012 to 2018, the average annual growth in the number of full-time equivalent
student from primary to tertiary education is one of the smallest in Japan among OECD
and partner countries with available data. (-0.7 %, rank 30/38 , 2019)

From 2012 to 2018, the average annual growth in total expenditure on primary to
tertiary education in Japan is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries
with available data. (-0.1 %, rank 28/32 , 2019)

From 2012 to 2018, the average annual growth in total expenditure per full-time
equivalent student on primary to tertiary education in Japan is one of the smallest
among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.6 %, rank 22/31 , 2019)

From 2012 to 2018, the average annual growth in total expenditure on tertiary education
in Japan is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data.
(0.1 %, rank 26/32 , 2019)
Public and private expenditure in education

The share of private expenditure on tertiary education is one of the largest among
OECD and partner countries with available data. (67.4 %, rank 3/37 , 2019)

The share of public expenditure on tertiary educational institutions is one of the smallest
among OECD and partner countries with available data. (1.6 %, rank 37/42 , 2019)

Japan has one of the largest shares of private expenditure on primary through tertiary
educational institutions among OECD countries and partner economies with available
data. (28.3 %, rank 6/36 , 2019)

In Japan, total public expenditure on primary through tertiary educational institutions as

a percentage of total public expenditure is comparatively low. (7.8 %, rank 38/42 , 2019)

In Japan, total public expenditure on secondary educational institutions as a percentage

of total public expenditure is comparatively low. (3.3 %, rank 40/42 , 2019) Download
Indicator

In Japan, international expenditure on educational institutions as a percentage of total

expenditure on tertiary education is relatively low. (0 %, rank 27/31 , 2019)

In Japan, international expenditure on educational institutions as a percentage of total

expenditure on primary to tertiary education is relatively low. (0 %, rank 26/30 , 2019)

The share of public expenditure on educational institutions, for tertiary education is

comparatively small. (32.6 %, rank 35/37 , 2019)

In Japan, the share of public expenditure on educational institutions, for primary to

tertiary education is comparatively small. (71.7 %, rank 31/36 , 2019)

Total public expenditure on education as a percentage of total government expenditure,

for primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low in
Japan compared to OECD and partner countries with available data. (6.2 %, rank
38/42 , 2019)

The relative share of international expenditure on primary to tertiary education from

initial source of funds is relatively small in Japan. (0 %, rank 25/28 , 2019)

Compared to 2015, the share of total public expenditure from initial source of funds for
primary to tertiary education is comparatively small in Japan. (100 Index, rank 30/37 ,
2019)

The relative share of international expenditure on tertiary education from initial source of
funds in Japan is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available
data. (0 %, rank 26/28 , 2019)

Nature of expenditure

In Japan, the share of current expenditure on primary education is one of the smallest
among OECD and partner countries with available data. (84.6 %, rank 31/33 , 2019)

In Japan, the share of current expenditure on primary, secondary and post-secondary

non-tertiary education is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with
available data. (87 %, rank 30/33 , 2019)

The share of capital expenditure for primary to tertiary education in Japan is one of the
highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (12.6 %, rank 6/31 ,
2019)

The share of current expenditure for primary to tertiary education in Japan is one of the
lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (87.4 %, rank 26/31 ,
2019)

The percentage of capital expenditure on secondary education is relatively in Japan.

(11.1 %, rank 5/33 , 2019)
The percentage of current expenditure on secondary education is relatively in Japan.
(88.9 %, rank 28/33 , 2019)

The percentage of capital expenditure on tertiary education is relatively in Japan. (11.7

%, rank 6/32 , 2019)

The percentage of current expenditure on tertiary education is relatively in Japan. (88.3

%, rank 24/32 , 2019)

Teachers

The number of hours per year lower secondary teachers spend teaching in public
institutions is comparatively low in Japan. (609 Hours, rank 26/33 , 2021)

The number of hours per year upper secondary teachers spend teaching general
programmes in public institutions is comparatively low in Japan. (507 Hours, rank
31/32 , 2021)

The number of days of instruction in a school year in lower secondary school is

especially high. (203 Days, rank 1/31 , 2021)

Who the teachers are

The share of women among teaching staff in primary education is one of the smallest
among OECD and partner countries with available data. (63.9 %, rank 40/43 , 2020)

The share of women among teaching staff in lower secondary education is one of the
smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (43.5 %, rank 40/40 ,
2020)

The share of women among teaching staff in upper secondary education is one of the
smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (31.7 %, rank 42/42 ,
2020)
The share of women among teaching staff in tertiary education (bachelor's, master's,
doctorate or equivalent education) is one of the smallest among OECD and partner
countries with available data. (24.5 %, rank 32/32 , 2020)

The share of women among teaching staff in tertiary education is one of the smallest
among OECD and partner countries with available data. (30 %, rank 38/38 , 2020)

The share of women among teaching staff is one of the smallest among OECD and
partner countries with available data. (48.5 %, rank 33/33 , 2019)

The percentage of primary to upper secondary teachers younger than 30 is especially

high. (18.2 %, rank 2/37 , 2019)

The percentage of female teachers younger than 30 in primary education is especially

low in Japan. (62.8 %, rank 37/38 , 2019)

The percentage of female teachers under 30 in lower secondary education is especially

low in Japan. (43.9 %, rank 35/35 , 2019)

Females under 30 represent a small proportion of teachers in upper secondary

education in Japan. (37.1 %, rank 37/37 , 2019)

In Japan, the share of female teachers younger than 30 in tertiary education is relatively
small . (45.4 %, rank 27/33 , 2019)

Females aged 50 or more represent a small proportion of teachers in primary education

in Japan. (67.8 %, rank 36/38 , 2019) Download Indicator

The percentage of female teachers aged 50 or more in lower secondary education is

especially low in Japan. (42.6 %, rank 35/35 , 2019)
The percentage of female teachers aged 50 or more in upper secondary education is
especially low in Japan. (25.2 %, rank 37/37 , 2019)

The percentage of female teachers aged 50 or more in tertiary education is especially

low in Japan. (27 %, rank 32/33 , 2019)

In Japan, the share of bachelor's, master's and doctoral level teachers older than 50 is
relatively high, compared to other countries with data available. (48.4 %, rank 7/29 ,
2019)

In Japan, the share of tertiary teachers older than 50 is relatively high, compared to
other countries with data available. (47.2 %, rank 7/32 , 2019) Download Indicator

In Japan, the share of bachelor's, master's and doctoral level teachers younger than 30
is relatively low, compared to other countries with data available. (1.6 %, rank 26/29 ,
2019) Download Indicator

In Japan, the share of tertiary teachers younger than 30 is relatively low, compared to
other countries with data available. (2.5 %, rank 28/32 , 2019) Download Indicator

In Japan, the share of bachelor's, master's and doctoral level female teachers younger
than 30 is relatively low, compared to other countries with data available. (34.6 %, rank
30/30 , 2019) Download Indicator

In Japan, the share of bachelor's, master's and doctoral level female teachers older
than 50 is relatively low, compared to other countries with data available. (21.8 %, rank
30/30 , 2019) Download Indicator
Teachers' salaries

The change between 2005 and 2013 in statutory salaries for lower secondary teachers
with 15 years of experience and minimum training is comparatively small in Japan. (100
Index, rank 22/29 , 2021) Download Indicator

Teachers' salaries progression

The salary progression from the start to the top of the salary scale for a lower secondary
school teacher is among the most rewarding among OECD and partner countries with
available data. (2.05 Ratio, rank 4/33 , 2021) Download Indicator

It takes lower secondary teachers longer to progress through the salary scale in Japan
compared to other OECD and partner countries. (36 Years, rank 5/28 , 2021) Download
Indicator

In lower secondary education, the salary ratio of teachers with maximum qualifications
at the top of the salary scale to those with minimum training and starting salaries is
comparatively high. (2.05 Ratio, rank 8/31 , 2021)

Professional development of teachers

(6 Index, rank 5/30 , 2021) Download Indicator

(1 Exists No=0/Yes=1, rank 1/30 , 2021) Download Indicator

(1 Exists No=0/Yes=1, rank 1/31 , 2021) Download Indicator

(1 Exists No=0/Yes=1, rank 1/31 , 2021) Download Indicator

(1 Exists No=0/Yes=1, rank 1/31 , 2021) Download Indicator

(1 Exists No=0/Yes=1, rank 1/27 , 2021) Download Indicator

(1 Exists No=0/Yes=1, rank 1/29 , 2021) Download Indicator

(1 Exists No=0/Yes=1, rank 1/30 , 2021) Download Indicator

(1 Exists No=0/Yes=1, rank 1/29 , 2021) Download Indicator

Class size

Classes in lower secondary public institutions are comparatively large in Japan. (32
Students, rank 2/33 , 2019)

Classes in lower secondary private institutions are comparatively large in Japan. (32
Students, rank 1/31 , 2019) In independent private institutions at lower secondary level,
classes are one of the largest in Japan among OECD and partner countries with
available data. (32 Students, rank 1/17 , 2019)

Employment and educational attainment

The employment rate among 25-64 year-olds with a bachelor's or equivalent tertiary
education degree is high compared to other OECD and partner countries. (88.7 %, rank
6/43 , 2021) The employment rate among 25-34 year-olds with tertiary education is
comparatively high in Japan. (89.2 %, rank 8/43 , 2021)
Compared to other countries with available data, the employment rate of 25-34 year-
olds with a bachelor's or equivalent tertiary education degree is relatively high in Japan.
(90.7 %, rank 3/43 , 2021)

In Japan, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-olds with a bachelor's or equivalent tertiary
education degree is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (7.4 %, rank
37/43 , 2021)

Employment by gender and educational attainment

The employment rate among 25-34 year-old men with tertiary education is
comparatively high in Japan. (94.4 %, rank 2/43 , 2021)

Unemployment and educational attainment

The unemployment rate among 25-34 year-olds with tertiary education is comparatively
low. (2.4 %, rank 40/43 , 2021)

The unemployment rate among 25-64 year-olds with tertiary education is comparatively
low. (1.8 %, rank 40/43 , 2021)

The unemployment rate among 25-64 year-olds with a short-cycle tertiary education
degree is one the lowest of all OECD countries and partner economies for which data
are available. (2.1 %, rank 30/31 , 2021)

The unemployment rate among 25-64 year-olds with a bachelor's or equivalent tertiary
education degree is one of the lowest of all OECD countries and partner economies for
which data are available. (1.6 %, rank 39/41 , 2021) Compared to other countries with
available data, the unemployment rate of 25-34 year-olds with a bachelor's or equivalent
tertiary education degree is relatively low in Japan. (2.1 %, rank 39/41 , 2021)

Compared to other countries with available data, the unemployment rate of 25-34 year-
old with a short cycle tertiary education degree is relatively low in Japan. (3.5 %, rank
24/28 , 2021)

Earnings and educational attainment

Earnings of women (as a percentage of men's earnings) among full- and part-time 25-
64 year-olds with below upper secondary education are one of the lowest among
countries with available data. (42 %, rank 37/37 , 2020)

In Japan, the share of worker earning more than twice the median among those with a
tertiary education degree is comparatively . (26.8 %, rank 10/38 , 2020)

Earnings of women (as a percentage of men's earnings) among full- and part-time 25-
64 year-olds with tertiary education are one of the lowest among countries with
available data. (47.9 %, rank 37/37 , 2020)

Earnings of women (as a percentage of men's earnings) among full- and part-time 25-
64 year-olds with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education are one of
the lowest among countries with available data. (43.2 %, rank 37/37 , 2020)

Participation in education by gender

The share of women among tertiary education new entrants is one of the smallest
compared to OECD and partner countries with available data. (50.9 %, rank 34/38 ,
2020)

The share of female students entering bachelor's programmes in Japan is relatively

small. (46 %, rank 38/38 , 2020) The share of female students entering doctoral or
equivalent programmes in Japan is one of the smallest compared to other OECD
countries and partner economies. (32.5 %, rank 38/38 , 2020)

Entrance

In Japan, the average age of new entrants in bachelor's programmes is one of the
lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (18.5 Years, rank
36/36 , 2020
In Japan, the average age of new entrants in master's long first degree (LFD)
programmes is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available
data. (19 Years, rank 23/23 , 2020)

The average age of new entrants in tertiary education in Japan is comparatively young.
(18.4 Years, rank 32/32 , 2020)

Note: These values should be interpreted with care since they are influenced by
countries' specific contexts and trade-offs. In education, there is often no simple most-
or least-efficient model. For instance, the share of private expenditure in education must
be read against other measures designed to mitigate inequities, such as loans and
grants; longer learning time is an opportunity to convey more and better content to
students, but may hinder investments in other important areas. If you want further
information on the nature of different variables, please take the time to read the analysis
and contextual information, available at the website for each publication.

All rankings for individual variables are compiled on the basis of OECD and G20
countries for which data are available. The OECD average includes only OECD
countries which are listed here: http://www.oecd.org/about/membersandpartners/

*TALIS averages are based on all countries participating in the TALIS survey, including
partner countries and economies. This explains the difference between the OECD
average and the TALIS averages. Data from the TALIS survey and Education at a
Glance (EAG) may differ. See Annex E of the TALIS technical report and Annex 3 of
EAG 2021 for more details about the data collections.

B-S-J-Z (China) refers to the four PISA-participating provinces/municipalities of the

People's Republic of China: Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang.

For additional notes, please refer to annexes in the list of links below the introductory
country profile text.
https://gpseducation.oecd.org/CountryProfile?
primaryCountry=JPN&treshold=10&topic=EO