Reviewer in Personal Development TO DEVELOP SELF- CONFIDENCE
MODULES 3-4 - You need to learn yourself and your
MODULE 3
DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES IN MIDDLE AND LATE
ADOLESCENCE
Personal Effectiveness
- Means making use all the persona
resources- talents skills, energy and time
- To enable you to achieve life goals.
- Your knowledge of yourself and how you
manage yourself impact directly
Experience
- Includes knowledge and skill that we
acquire in the process of cognitive
Knowledge
- Is required for setting goal
- Defining an action plan to achieve them and
risk assessment
Skills
- Determine whether real actions performed
in accordance with the plan.
- If the same ability is used many times in the
same situation then it becomes a habit.
 DETERMINATION
 SELF- CONFIDENCE
 PERSISTENCE
 MANAING STRESS
 PROBLEM- SOLVING SKILLS
 CREATIVITY
 GENERATING IDEAS
Determination
- It allows you to focus only on achieving a
specific goal without being distracted by
less important things
- May be developed with the help of self-
discipline exercise.
Self- confidence
- a result of getting aware of your actions and
their consequences.
- Are manifested in speech, appearance,
dressing, gait and physical condition.
capabilities
- Gain positive attitude
- Believe that by performing right actions and
achieving right goals will certainly reach
success.
Persistence
- It makes you keep moving forward
regardless of emerging obstacles, problems,
laziness, bad emotional state, etc.
- It reduces the costs of overcoming obstacles
- It can be developed with the help of self-
discipline exercise.
Managing Stress
- It helps combat stress that arises in daily life
from the environment and other people.
STRESS ARISES
- From uncertainly in an unknown situation
- When a lack of information creates risk of
negative consequences of your actions.
Problem- Solving Skills
- They help cope with the problems
encountered with a lack of experience
- It increases efficiency by adopting new ways
of achieving goals
Creativity
- It allows you to find extraordinary ways to
carry out specific actions
Generating Ideas
- It helps you achieve goals using new,
original, unconventional ideas
Idea
- Is a mental image of an object formed by
the human mind
Human Mind
- Can be changed before being implemented
in the real world
UNDERSTANDING DEVELOPMENT, PROCESS,
IDEAS, AND TASK
DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES
Human Development
- Focuses on human growth and changes
across the lifespan including physical,
 cognitive, social, intellectual, perceptual,
etc.
Study of Human Development
- Is essential to understanding how human
learn, mature and adapt.
Humans
- Go through various stages of development
Human Being
- is either in the state of growth or decline
- but either condition imparts change
- resulting of changes in ways of feeling,
thinking and acting.
Early Adulthood
- 18-40 years old
- Age of adjustments to new patterns of life
- such as spouse, parental and bread winner
Middle Age
- 40 years to retirement
- transition age when adjustments to initial
physical and mental decline are
experienced

DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE Old Age

 PRE-NATAL - retirement to death

 INFANCY - retirement age when increasingly rapid
 EARLY CHILDHOOD physical and mental decline are
 LATE CHILDHOOD experienced
 ADOLESCENCE Havighurst Developmental task during life span
 EARLY ADULTHOOD
 MIDDLE AGE - that development is continuous throughout
 OLD AE the entire lifespan
- where the individual moves from one stage
Pre- Natal to the next
- Conception to birth - means of successful resolution of problems
- Age when hereditary endowments and sex Robert J. Havighurst
are fixed and all the body features
- he proposed a bio- psychosocial model of
Infancy development
- Birth to 2 years - physiological maturation and genetic make-
- Foundation age when basic behaviour is up
organized - personal values and goals
- Many ontogenetic maturation skills are Developmental tasks
developed.
- each stage are influenced by the individuals
Early Childhood biology
- 2-6 years old
- Pre- gang age
- Language and elementary reasoning are MODULE 4
acquired Aspects of Personal Development
Late Childhood
- 6-12 years old Adolescence
- gang and creativity stage
- when self-help skills, social skills, school - is a period of life with specific health and
skills, and play are developed developmental needs
- also a time to develop knowledge and skills
Adolescence - learn to manage emotions and
- puberty to 18 years old relationships, and acquire attributes and
- transition age from childhood to adulthood abilities
- when sex maturation and rapid physical - changes will occur to a child when it comes
development occur to interacting with family, friends, and peers
Checklist of Adolescent Period
  self - mental health challenge that makes people
 family feel very sad all the time
 community
Aggressive Behaviour
Self
- any behaviour or act
- SELF ESTEEM - aimed at harming a person or animal or
- MOOD damaging physical property.
- BODY IMAGE - acts of physical violence, shouting,
- SEXUALITY swearing, etc,

Self Esteem Mania

- parental support - Is a condition of abnormally elevated,

- peer influence extreme changes in your mood or emotions
- all about how much you feel you are worth
Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)
- and how much you feel other people value
you. - A type of behaviour mostly diagnosed in
- it is important childhood
- uncooperative, defiant, and hostile towards
Mood
peers, parents, teachers, and other
- depression, suicidal ideation, and behaviors authority figures
- are more troubling to others than they are
Body Image
to themselves
- physical appearance
Bipolar Disorder
- weight
- is a mental health condition
Sexuality
- characterized by extreme shifts in mood
- puberty, sexual behaviour, prevention of and energy levels
sexually transmitted diseases lke HIV/AIDS, - from the highs of mania to the lows in
Sexual identity, pregnancy mood

Family Pervasive Development Disorder

- increased independence, increased - group of disorders characterized by delays

influence of peers ,family conflict friends in the development of socialization and
communication skills
Community
THE PASSAGE TO ADULTHOOD: CHALLENGES OF
- school ( academic success, homework,
LATE ADOLESCENCE
extracurricular activities, high school to
college or works Physical Development
- risk factor ( substance use, violent
- girls have completed the physical changes
behaviours, exposure to violence)
related to puberty at 15
OPPORTUNITIES FOR EARLY IDENTIFICATION AND - boys are still maturing and gaining strength,
INTERVENTION muscle mass, and height

- Anxiety problems and disorders Emotional Development

- Child Maltreatment
- is self- involved
- Learning problems and disorders
- seeks privacy and time alone
- Mood disorders
- is concerned about physical and sexual
- Oppositional and aggressive behaviour
attractiveness
Depression - may complain that parents prevent him or
her from doing things independently
- is a mood disorder
- experiences of intimate relationships
- causes a persistent feeling of sadness and
loss of interest Social Development
- can interfere with daily activities
 - is more aware of social behaviours of
friends
- friends become more important
- starts to have more intellectual interests
- explores romantic and sexual behaviours
with others.
- shifts in relationship with parents from
dependency and subordination to one
Mental Development
- becomes better able to set goals and think
in terms of the future
- has a better understanding of complex
problems
- starts to develop more ideas
/* Each child has unique combination of genes,
brain development, and environment… etc
LESSON #2
MENTAL HEALTH AND WELL BEING IN MIDDLE
AND LATE ADOLESCENCE
/* As your body changes, so does your image of
yourself
/* but when you get stuck on negatives it can
really bring down your self- esteem
Why are self- esteem and body image important?
- they are realistic
- find friends that like and appreciate them
for who they are
High Self-Esteem
- feel more in control of their lives and know
their own strengths and weaknesses
Body Image
- is how you view your physical self
- for people in their early teens, it can be closely
linked to self- esteem
Puberty and Development
- struggle with their self- esteem and body
image when they begin puberty
- body goes through many changes
- combined with wanting to feel accepted by
your friends, it means it can be tempting to
compare ourselves with others
- not everyone grows or develops at the
same time
Media Images and Other outside influences
- we might start to compare ourselves with
others
- can affect how we feel about ourselves and
our bodies even as we grow into our teens
Families and School
- can sometimes influence our body image
- some parent or coaches might be too
focused on looking a certain way for a
sports team
- family members might struggle with their
own body image and criticize their kids
- can influence a person’s self- esteem,
especially if they’re sensitive to other
peoples comments.
Common Eating Disorders
 anorexia nervosa
 bulimia nervosa
 avoidant/restrictive food intake
 binge eating
 body image disorders
 food phobias
Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa
- are the most common eating disorders
Binge Eating
- consumption of large quantities of food in a
short period of time
Avoidant/Restrictive food intake Disorder
- also known as “EXTREMELY PICKY EATING”
- characterized by highly selective eating
habits, disturbed feeding patterns or both
- often results of significant nutrition and
energy deficiencies
- failure to gain weight
Anorexia
- real fear of weight gain and a distorted view
of their body size and shape
- can become dangerously underweight
- dieting, fasting, or excessive exercise
- obsession in terms of calorie counting or
trying to eat as little as possible
- may start binge eating and purging
Bulimia
- similar to anorexia
- people might binge eat and then try to
compensate in extreme ways
- throw up, exercising all the time, to prevent
weight gain
 - can lead to compulsive behaviours Delusion
Metal Health Challenges - is fixed, irrational belief that one is
convinced is true despite evidence to the
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
contrary
- ADHD
Delusions of Persecution
- hard to focus and sit still
- hard to finish things and makes thoughts - the fixed irrational belief is that others are
jump around plotting against and/or following them.
Anxiety
- panic disorder
- string, sudden feelings of stress or fear are
called panic attack
Panic attack
- chest or stomach hurt, your heart speed up,
make you feel afraid, dizzy, or feel like you
can’t breathe
Autism Spectrum Disorder
- changes the way the brain understands the
world
- hard time talking about their feelings,
understanding, people’s action and being
social
Bi-polar Disorder
- changes the way people feel emotions
- emotions can go from happy to very sad
quickly
Post Traumatic Disorder
- feel scared even if they are safe and there is
nothing to be afraid of
- real, or think something bad is going to
happen again.
Schizophrenia
- hard for people to know what is real and
what is not real
- can make the brain think it sees or hears
things that aren’t really there
- start to think that people are trying to
control them or read their minds
- person loses touch with reality
Paranoia
- delusions of persecution, unwarranted
jealousy, or exaggerated self- importance
- aspect of chronic personality disorder
- serious condition such as schizophrenia
Persecution Complex
- a type of delusion