NCERT Based KT’s PowerNotes

Animal Kingdom
Porifera Habitat : Exclusively marine,
Symmetry : Radial symmetry
Habitat : Mostly marine (spongilla: fresh water)
Germ layer : Diploblastic
Symmetry : Asymmetrical
Level of orgn : Tissue
Germ layer : --
Alimentary C : Blind sac
Level of orgn : Cellular
Digestion : Extracellular and intracellular
Digestion : Intracellular Sex : Bisexual, Hermaphrodite, Monoceous
Sex : Bisexual, Hermaphrodite, Monoceous Reproduction : Only Sexual
Fertilization : Internal, asexual reprodn : fragmentation
Development : Indirect
Development : Indirect
Features : Water canal system, pores (Ostia), Platyhelminthes
Spongocoel, osculum, choanocyte
(collar cell) Habitat : Endoparasite
Symmetry : Bilateral symmetry
Germ layer : Triploblastic
n
Level of org : Organ and organ system
Coelom : Acoelomate
Coelenterata (Cnidaria) Alimentary C : blind sac
Digestion : Absorb digested food
Excretion : Flame cell
Habitat : Mostly marine, sessile/ free living
Sex : Bisexual, Hermaphrodite, Monoceous
Symmetry : Radial symmetry
Reproduction : Sexual and asexual (Planaria)
Germ layer : Diploblastic
Fertilization : Internal
Platy ke plate me flame cells hote hai
Level of orgn : Tissue
Special features
Development : Indirect
Digestion : Extracellular and intracellular
Sex : Bisexual, Hermaphrodite, Monoceous • Hooks and suckers
Fertilization : Sexual and asexual • Planaria possess high regeneration capacity
Development : Indirect • Dorso-ventrally flattened body – k/a Flatworms
Features : Gastrovacular cavity (blind sac) • Examples: Taenia (Tapeworm),
: Cnidoblasts or cnidocytes on tentacles Fasciola (Liver fluke)
: Corals have a skeleton composed of
Calcium carbonate. Aschelminthes (Round worm)

Both polyp and medusa form Habitat : Aquatic and terrestrial or parasitic
Alternation of generation Symmetry : Bilateral symmetry
Metagenesis Germ layer : Triploblastic
n
Eg obelia Level of org : Organ system
Obelia obeys the rule of metagenesis
Coelom : Psudocoelomate
Digestion : Absorb digested food
Exclusively polyp Exclusively medusa form Excretion : Rennet cell
Eg Hydra, Adamsia Aurelia or jelly fish Sex : Sexes separate
Examples: Physalia (Portuguese man-of-war), Reproduction : Sexual Aschelminthes me pehli baar sex
Adamsia (Sea anemone), Pennatula (Sea-pen), Fertilization : Internal separate hue
Gorgonia (Sea-fan) and Meandrina (Brain coral) Development
Special features :: Muscular
Indirect pharynx

Ctenophora Examples : Ascaris (Round Worm), Wuchereria

Special features: (Filaria worm), Ancylostoma (Hookworm).
• Eight external rows of ciliated comb plates
• Bioluminescence
Cteno matlab teen : teen comb plated balls bioluminance show karte hai

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 NCERT Based KT’s PowerNotes
Common for Annelida to hemichordata Examples: Pila (Apple snail),
Symmetry : Bilateral symmetry Pinctada (Pearl oyster), Sepia
Germ layer : Triploblastic (Cuttlefish), Loligo (Squid),
Level of org n
: Organ system Octopus (Devil fish), Aplysia
Coelom : Coelomate (Seahare), Dentalium (Tusk
Sex : Sexes separate shell) and Chaetopleura (Chiton).
Reproduction : Sexual
Fertilization : External (internal in Echinodermata
Arthropoda) Special features
Development : Indirect • Exclusively marine
• Adult: radial symmetry, Lava : Bilateral symmetry
Annelida • Echinodermata means spiny skin
Habitat : Aquatic and terrestrial • Excretory system absent
Digestion : Absorb digested food • locomotion, transport of food and excretion is by
Excretion : Nephridia water vascular system
Sex : Sexes separate (Nereis) Examples: Asterias (Star fish), Echinus (Sea urchin),
: Bisexual (Earthworm Antedon (Sea lily), Cucumaria (Sea cucumber) and
and leech) Ophiura (Brittle star).
Water ka echo Echinodermata sunata hai
Special features Hemichordata
• Nereis possess lateral appendages, parapodia • Exclusively marine, worm like
• Closed circulatory system • Proboscis, a collar and a long trunk
• Excretion by nephridia • Stomochord present near mouth
• Moist cutaneous respiration Examples: Balanoglossus and Saccoglossus.
• Metameric segmentation (Anne, Arthro, Chordata)
Chordata
Arthropoda
Habitat : Aquatic , terrestrial , air
Respiration : Gills. Book lungs, tracheal system
Excretion : Malphigian tubule
Circulation : Open circulation
Protochordata
Special features Urochordata Cephalochordata
• Arthropoda is the largest phylum Notochord present only Notochord extend from tail to
• Chitinous exoskeleton in tail head
• Jointed appendages Notochord Present only Notochord Present throughout
in larva life
Ascidia, Salpa, Branchiostoma (Amphioxus /
Examples: Economically important insects – Apis Doliolum Lancelet).
(Honey bee), Bombyx (Silkworm), Laccifer (Lac Vertebrata
insect) Vectors – Anopheles, Culex and Aedes All vertebrates are chordates but all chordates are not
(Mosquitoes) Gregarious pest – Locusta (Locust) vertebrates
Living fossil – Limulus (King crab). Cyclostomata
Cyclo : Circular, Stomata: mouth
Mollusca → Ectoparasite
Special features Habitat
Feature → Circular mouth without jaw
• Body has head, muscular foot and visceral hump
Respiration → 6 – 15 pairs of gills slits
• Body is covered by a calcareous shell
Vertbl column → Cartilaginous
• Soft skin forms mantle over the visceral hump
Circulation → Close circulation
• The mouth contains a file-like rasping organ for Body lacks → scales and paired fins absent
feeding, called radula. Development → Indirect
• Respiration and excretion by gills Examples → Petromyzon (Lamprey)
Mollusca ke mouth me radula hota hai
→ Myxine (Hagfish).
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 NCERT Based KT’s PowerNotes
Special features Aves
Cyclostomes are marine but
Migrate to fresh water for spawning Char feature → Feathers (Ostrich – Flightless)
Fore limb → Modified to wings
Pisces Hind limbs → for walking, have scales
Chondrichthyes Osteichthyes Bones → Pneumatic
Marine Marine and fresh water Digestive track → Crop and gizzard present
Mouth : ventral Mouth : terminal Heart → Four chambered
Gills not covered Gils covered with operculum Respiration → Lungs with air sacs
Air bladder is absent Air bladder is present
Casper present Casper absent
Parity → Oviparous
Placoid scales Cycloid scales Fertilization → Internal
Viviparous Oviparous Development → Direct
Internal fertilization External fertilization Regulators → Homeothermus (warm blooded)
Direct development Direct development
Scoliodon (Dog fish), Marine – Exocoetus (Flying Examples :
Pristis (Saw fish), fish), Hippocampus (Sea Corvus (Crow), Columba (Pigeon), Psittacula
Carcharodon (Great white horse); Freshwater – Labeo (Parrot), Struthio (Ostrich), Pavo (Peacock),
shark), Trygon (Sting ray) (Rohu), Catla (Katla), Clarias
(Magur); Aquarium – Betta
Aptenodytes (Penguin), Neophron (Vulture).
(Fighting fish), Pterophyllum
(Angel fish). Mammals
Hippocampus
Catla Characteristic feature → Mammary glands
Scolido Body cover → Hair
Pristis
n
Teeth → Heterodont
Chondrichthyes Special features Regulators → Homeothermus (warm blooded)
Trygon: Poison sting I Electric organs : Torpedo Examples: Oviparous-Ornithorhynchus (Platypus);
Amphibian Viviparous - Macropus (Kangaroo), Pteropus (Flying
fox), Camelus (Camel), Macaca (Monkey), Rattus
Habitat → Terrestrial / aquatic
(Rat), Canis (Dog), Felis (Cat), Elephas (Elephant),
Heart → Three chambered Equus (Horse), Delphinus (Common dolphin),
Respiration → Gills, Lungs, skin ---------------------------------------------------------------
Sex → Separate
Level of organization
Fertilization → External
Cellular Porifera
Parity → Oviparous Tissue Coelenterata and Ctenophora
Development → Indirect Organ level Platyhelminthes
Special features Organ system Some Platy, Aschelminthes -- chordate
• Tympanum present, Moist skin is without scales
Symmetry
• Alimentary canal, urinary and reproductive tracts open into a
Porifera Asymmetry
common chamber called cloaca which opens to the exterior
Coelenterata, Ctenophora, Radial symmetry
• Examples: Bufo (Toad), Rana (Frog), Hyla (Tree frog),
Echinodermata adult
Salamandra (Salamander), Ichthyophis (Limbless amphibia).
Annelid, Arthropoda, etc Bilateral symmetry
Reptiles Echinodermata larva
Habitat → Terrestrial / aquatic
Heart → 3 chambered (crocodile 4 chamber) Germ layer
Sex → Separate Porifera No germ layer
Coelenterata, Ctenophora, Diploblastic
Fertilization → Internal Platyhelminthes Triploblastic acoelomate
Parity → Oviparous Aschelminthes Triploblastic Psudocoelom
Development → Direct Annelid--- Chordate Triploblastic Eucoelome
Special features
Skin is dry with scales Metameric segmentation
Annelids, Arthropoda, Chordate
Examples: Chelone (Turtle), Testudo (Tortoise), Chameleon
(Tree lizard), Calotes (Garden lizard), Crocodilus (Crocodile),
Alligator (Alligator). Hemidactylus (Wall lizard), Poisonous
snakes – Naja (Cobra), Bangarus (Krait), Vipera (Viper).

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