SCIENCE

Block 1

Lesson 1: HARD, BRITTLE AND ELASTIC

Hardness – to not change its shape easily when pressed.

example: Diamond, Steel Iron and Wood

Brittleness – to break easily when dropped or hit by a hard object.

example: Glass and Ceramics

Elasticity – to return to its original shape after it is stretched or twisted.

example: Rubber, Nylon and Soles

Lesson 2: MALLEABLE AND DUCTILE

Malleability and Ductility are properties that allow some metals to change their shape.

Malleability – to be beaten into thin sheets without breaking.

example: Gold, Silver, Copper and Aluminum

Ductility – to be drawn into long and thin wires without breaking.

example: Gold, Silver, Copper and Aluminum

Lesson 3: CONDUCTORS AND INSULATORS

Conductors – Allow heat to pass through them easily.

example: Silver, Gold, Copper and Aluminum

Insulators – Do not allow heat to pass through them easily.

example: Wood, Plastic, Wool, Cotton and Glass

Lesson 4: POROUS AND SOLUBLE

Porous – allow liquids and gases to pass through them.

example: Rocks, Soil and Woods

Soluble – dissolved in another material.

example: Sugar, Milk Powder, Salt, Vinegar, Oxygen Gas, Detergents.
Block 2

Lesson 1: COMBUSTIBILITY

Combustible Materials – materials that burn and produce new materials.

example: Wood, Dry leaves, Sawdust, Paper, Alcohol and Gasoline

Non-combustible Materials – do not burn.

example: Clay, Stone, Water, Iron and Ceramic

Lesson 2: FLAMMABILITY

Flammable Materials - catch fire easily even with a spark.

example: Gasoline, Diesel, LPG, Alcohol

Non-Flammable Materials – not catch fire easily.

example: Wood, Coal, Charcoal

Lesson 3: CORROSION

Corrosion – damages materials and reduces their strength and life.

example: Rusting iron, Silver losing the shine

Lesson 4 – BIODEGRABILITY

Biodegradable – decompose or decay by the action of microorganism.

example: Fruit and Vegetable peels, Animal parts, Paper, Branches, Dry leaves.

Non - biodegradable – do not decompose or decay by the action of microorganism.

example: Plastics, Metals, Paints, Toxic chemicals

Block 3

Lesson 1: CLASSIFYING CHANGES

Slow Changes – take a few days to months to even a year to happen.

example: ripening of fruits, change of seasons, growth of child into an adult

Fast Changes – may happen quickly within a few seconds or minutes.

example: breaking a glass, melting candle wax, glowing a light bulb
Periodic Changes – repeat after a regular interval of time.
example: Sunrise, Sunset, Rotation of the earth, Revolution around the sun

Non-periodic Changes – do not repeat at regular intervals of time. They cannot be predicted.
example: Floods, Earthquakes, Rainfall, Breaking glass.

Lesson 2: CHANGES IN THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF OXYGEN

Respiration – oxygen combines with digested food to produce energy, water and carbon dioxide.

Burning – things catch fire and burn completely only if sufficient oxygen is available.

Rusting – things made of iron form a reddish brown layer when they come into contact with
moisture and oxygen in the air.

Spoilage of Food – many types of microorganisms that grow on food require oxygen.

Fermentation – do not require oxygen. It occurs due to microorganism like yeast and bacteria.

Block 5

Lesson 1: BALANCED DIET

Go Foods – Carbohydrates and Fats

Provide energy.

Grow Foods – Proteins

Help in growth and development

Glow Foods – Vitamins and Minerals

Protect the body from diseases

Foods made of Cereals – provide carbohydrates to our body. Eat the most

Fruits and Vegetables – provide vitamins and minerals to our body. Eat more

Milk, Dairy, Meat and Pulses – provide proteins and some minerals to our body. Eat
moderately.

Oil, Fats and Sugary Foods – provide fats to our body. Eat just enough.

We should drink at least 6-8 glasses of water every day.

Lesson 2: OBESITY AND MALNUTRITION

Obese – a condition of being very fat or overweight.

- may cause many health problems such as diabetes, stroke, high blood pressure.
Malnutrition – very little food or not eating food with the required amounts of nutrients.
- have weak muscles and bones and underweight.

Block 6

Lesson 1: ORGANIZATION IN THE HUMAN BODY

5 different levels of organization in the human body

1. Cell – smallest unit of which the human body is made of

2. Tissue – have the same structure and function
3. Organs – made up of similar tissues that work together to perform a specific function
example: heart, brain and stomach
4. Organ System – group of two or more organs that work together to perform a
specific function in the body of an organism.
example: nervous and respiratory system
5. Organism – that can carry out all the basics life processes.
example: plant, animal, human being

Lesson 3: TYPES OF TISSUES

4 types of Tissues in the Human body

1. Muscle Tissue – made up of muscle cells or muscle fibers. Give support to the body
and help in movement of body parts.
2. Nervous Tissue – made up of nerve cells or neurons. Responsible for sending and
receiving electrical signals between the brain and body to control activities.
3. Epithelial Tissue – makes up the outer lining of most organs in the body in order to
protect them from injury.
4. Connective Tissue – mainly binds other organs together, connect the various parts
of the body.

Block 7

Lesson: HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Reproduction – a process by which living organism produce their own kind.

- the male and female sex cells join and develop into a baby that grows
inside the uterus.
3 Male Reproductive System

1. Testes – 2 small round parts that produce male sex cells or sperms.
2. Penis – long muscular organ that carries the sperms outside the male’s body.
3. Sperm Ducts – 2 thin tubes that carry the sperms from the testes to the penis.

4 Female Reproductive System

1. Ovaries – 2 small round parts that produce female sex cells or ova
2. Fallopian Tubes – 2 tubes lie close to each ovary and have finger-like ending.
3. Uterus – a muscular pear-shaped organ where the baby develops.
4. Vagina – a small opening in the female’s body through which the baby comes out.

Lesson 4: FORMATION OF A BABY

a. Zygote
b. Zygote divides and forms an Embryo
c. Embryo
d. Lining of Uterus
e. the Embryo attaches itself to the uterus lining.
f. Embryo grows and develops tissues and organs
g. It takes around 280 days to fully developed baby.