Emergency Response

Management
Emergency
 Emergency is defined as an exceptional
event that exceeds the capacity of
normal resources and organization to
cope with it.
 Physical extremes are involved and the
outcome is at least potentially, and often
dangerous and damaging.
Levels of Emergency
 Four level of emergency can be
distinguish
 The lowest level involves those cases, perhaps
best exemplified by the crash of a single
passenger car or by an individual who suffers
a heart attack in the street, which are the
subject of routine dispatch of an ambulance or
a fire appliance.
Levels of Emergency (2)
 The second level is that of incidents that
can be dealt with by a single
municipality, or jurisdiction of similar
size, without significant need for
resources from outside.
 The third level is that of a major incident
or disaster, which must be dealt with
using regional or interjurisdictional
resources.
Levels of Emergency (3)
 The final level is that of the national (or
international) disaster, an event of such
magnitude and seriousness that it can be
managed only with the full participation of
the national government, and perhaps also
international aid.
Extent of Emergency
 no-one has ever succeeded in finding universal
minimum values to define “substantial” or “mass”.
 This is partly because relatively small monetary losses
can lead to major suffering and hardship or, conversely,
large losses can be fairly sustainable according to the
ratio of losses to reserves.
 But, people who are poor, disadvantaged or
marginalized from the socio-economic mainstream tend
to suffer the most in disasters, leading to a problem of
equity in emergency relief.
 Planning for Disaster
 Current wisdom inclines towards the view that
disasters are not exceptional events. They tend to be
repetitive and to concentrate in particular places.
With regard to natural catastrophe, seismic and
volcanic belts, hurricane-generating areas, unstable
slopes and tornado zones are well known.
 The frequency of events and therefore their statistical
recurrence intervals are often fairly well established,
at least for the smaller and more frequent
occurrences, even if the short-term ability to forecast
natural hazards is variable.
Short-term predictability of sudden-impact
natural disasters
Planning for Emergency
 Therefore, Planning for reoccurring
hazard get more attention than
variable or less occurring.
 This approach leads to failure of
operations in case of impact of less
occurring hazards due to less
importance.
Components of Emergency
Response Management
 Pre-Impact of Hazard
◼ Early Warning
◼ Evacuation
◼ Pre-positioning of supplies
◼ Last minute mitigation
 Emergency situation
◼ Search and Rescue
◼ First Aid & medical care
◼ Temporary Shelter
◼ Relief
Components of Emergency
Response Management (2)
◼ Rehabilitation of Transportation routes
◼ Rehabilitation of critical services
Objective of Emergency
Management
 Limited Injuries
 Limited loss of life (save maximum )
 Reduced physical damages
 Reduced environmental damages
Losses due to Impact of
Disaster
 Disasters involve both direct and indirect losses.
 The Direct include damage to buildings and their
contents;
 the indirect include loss of employment, revenue or
sales.
 Hence, the impact of a disaster can persist for years,
as indirect losses continue to be created.
 This obviously complicates the issue of planning and
management, which must be concerned with several
timescales.