Study presentation

Weather and climate

 The weather
Weather refers to the atmospheric
What does weather mean?
conditions in an area at a specific moment.
2
3 Precipitation is water that
returns to the ground in the
form of rain, snow or hail. The
1 water cycle shows how
precipitation occurs.
4
1 Evaporation. The water becomes
vapour and rises into the air.
2 Condensation. As the water 4 Collection. Some water
vapour rises, it cools and 3 Precipitation. Drops of falls on land and remains
begins to condense into water join together in as lakes, rivers and
very small drops of water. a cloud. Water then streams. Other water is
These drops form clouds. falls to the ground as collected as
rain or snow. groundwater in aquifers.
 The weather
What causes lightning?
The Sun heats the Earth unevenly. This
causes differences in air pressure.
This causes wind.
Stronger winds are known as gales,
storms or hurricanes.
Thunder and lightning often occur
during storms.
Lightning is the electricity and thunder
is the sound produced. We see lightning
before we hear the thunder because
light travels faster than sound.
Measuring and predicting the
weather
How do we measure weather?

thermometer weather vane barometer rain gauge anemometer

Meteorologists use instruments to measure weather conditions and produce

weather forecasts.
Measuring and predicting the
weather
How do we measure weather?
Thermometer Weather vane Anemometer
It measures It measures It measures wind
temperature. wind direction. velocity.

Barometer Rain gauge

It measures air It measures
pressure. precipitation.
 Measuring and predicting the
weather
What are weather forecasts?

The weather forecast tells us

what the weather will be like in
different places.
Meteorologists use maps with
symbols.
A front represents where air
changes temperature.
 The Climate
Why are there different climates?

Climate is the general temperature

and the precipitation we can expect
because of the region we live in.
Different factors determine the
climate, such as latitude, altitude
and how near is it to water.
Latitude: these are imaginary lines that go around the Earth horizontally.
The Equator is the line in the middle.

Altitude: it is the height of the land above sea level. Mountainous regions
have higher altitudes than plains or valleys.
 The Climate
What climates are there on Earth?

In warm, temperate There are also areas Some areas of the Earth
climates, crops such as close to the polar are too dry to allow many
oranges, tomatoes and regions that are too cold humans to live there.
peppers grow well. for many people to live
there.
Climate zones around the Earth
What climates are there on Earth?

There are many climate zones on Earth, but we can classify them
into three general categories: hot climates, temperate climates
and cold climates.
Climate zones around the Earth
What climates are there on Earth?

Temperate climates Cold climates Hot climates

Oceanic climates Mountain climates Equatorial climates

have mild are cold. have high
temperatures all temperatures and a
year long. Polar climates have lot of precipitation.
very low
Mediterranean temperatures. Tropical climates
climates have mild have high
winters and hot temperatures all year.
summers.
Desert climates have
Continental climates very little
have cold winters precipitation all year.
and hot summers.
 Climate in Spain
What climates are there in Spain?

Oceanic climate
Temperatures are
mild all year, and
there’s usually a lot
of precipitation.
Mediterranean Mountain climate
climate Winters are cold
Subtropical climate Summers are hot and summers are
Temperatures are and winters are mild.
high all year, and mild. There isn’t a
there isn’t a lot of lot of precipitation, Continental Mediterranean
precipitation. but there can be climate
torrential rains. Temperatures can be extreme,
with very cold winters and
very hot summers.
 Climate change
Why are climates changing?

The Earth’s atmosphere is getting

warmer. Human activity is a major
cause of these changes.

Industry, deforestation and pollution fill the Earth’s

atmosphere with waste gases.
This makes it more difficult for heat to escape and
it is reflected back onto the Earth’s surface, causing
global warming. We call this climate change.
 Climate change
What are the consequences of climate change?

Temperatures on the Earth are

increasing. These higher temperatures
have several consequences.

Higher sea levels: the ice in the polar

regions is melting. As a result, the seas
and oceans are receiving more water.
Extreme weather: in hot climate zones, extremely
hot weather causes violent storms.
Drought: little or no precipitation for a long time
causes droughts. As a result, there isn’t enough
water for plants and animals to live.
Extinction: sometimes plants and animals disappear
or become extinct.