8

Mathematics
Quarter 1 – Module 3
Rational Algebraic Expression
Mathematics – Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 3: Rational Algebraic Expression

First Edition, 2021

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Angelito Mara Bulala, MAED-MATH

Ethel Bernadas Canda, MAT-MATH

Editors: Julius Jotojot Igot, EdD

Kenneth Regene Barbarona Blasco, MAEM

Management Team: Bianito A. Dagatan EdD, CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent

Faustino N. Toradio, PhD

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Felix C. Galacio Jr. PhD

EPS, Mathematics

Josephine D. Eronico PhD

EPS, LRMDS

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Learning Competencies:
1. Illustrates rational algebraic expressions. M8AL-Ic-1.
2. Simplifies rational algebraic expressions. M8AL-Ic-2.
3. Performs operations on rational algebraic expressions. M8AL-Ic-d-1

At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:

 illustrate rational algebraic expression;
 simplify rational algebraic expression; and
 add and subtract rational algebraic expressions.

LESSON 1: Illustrating Rational Algebraic Expression

What is it
A rational algebraic expression is a ratio of two polynomials provided that the
P
denominator is not equal to zero. In symbols:
Q , where P and Q are polynomials and Q ≠ 0.
Here are the examples of rational algebraic expressions:
4 7 x x 2−1 x2 +3 xy +2 x2
, ,
3 5 y x3 −3
and .
x− y
On the other hand, below are examples of non-rational algebraic expressions:
4 ; the denominator
i)
❑ √ x is not a polynomial.

3 x −5
ii) ; a term/expression divided by zero is undefined.
0

What’s More

Classify the different algebraic expressions below into rational or non-rational. Write the expression in
the appropriate column.

1 m+ 2 k m −d
a
6
0 3k 2−¿ 6 k
¿ m −1
3
3−3

1−m k c kc
4 1− y y +2
9
0
3( √ m) √ y −2
3 4
m3 k
2−¿ x
¿ a−2 m−m

Rational Algebraic expressions Non-rational Algebraic Expressions

 LESSON 2: Simplifying Rational Algebraic Expression

What is it
SIMPLIFICATION PROPERTY OF RATIONAL EXPRESSIONS
CA A
If A,B and C are polynomials, then = , where B ≠ 0 and C ≠ 0.
CB B
When simplifying rational expressions, the following steps are to be followed:
Step 1. Factor the numerator.
Step 2. Factor the denominator.
Step 3. Apply direct cancellation.
Note: Always find the Greatest Common Factor (GCF) before factoring the polynomial.
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES

What’s More

Simplify the following rational algebraic expressions.

 2
7 x2 y6 x −6 x x2 −5 x + 4
1. 21 x 3 y 3 2. x−6 3. x 2−1

LESSON 3: Adding and Subtracting Rational Algebraic Expression

What is it
If two rational expressions have the same denominators, then their sum is defined by
a c a+c a c a−c
+
b b
= b
and their difference is defined by - =
b b b
Steps in adding and subtracting similar rational algebraic expressions.
1: Add or subtract the numerators
2: Copy the similar or common denominator
3: Simplify if possible.
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES:

Steps in adding and subtracting dissimilar rational algebraic expressions.

Step 1. Completely factor each numerator and denominator.
Step 2. Find the least common denominator (LCD) for all the denominators by multiplying together
the different prime factors with the greatest exponent for each factor.
Step 3. Rewrite each fraction so it has the LCD as its denominator by multiplying each fraction by
the value of 1 in an appropriate form.
Step 4. Combine numerators as indicated and keep the LCD as the denominator.
Step 5. Simplify the resulting rational expression if possible.
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE:
 What’s More

Perform the indicated operation of the following:

2 x2 11 x 5 2x 3
1. + + 2. 2 − x−3
2 x +1 2 x+1 2 x +1 x −9

Assessment

Directions: Read each item carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer on the answer
sheet provided.

5y
1. What would be the value of x in so that the expression cannot be considered a rational
x+5
expression?
a. -5 b. 0 c. 5 d. 10
3 x−12
2. What is the simplest form of the expression ?
16−4 x
−3 3 −3 3
a. b. c. (x−4 ) d.
4 4 4 4 (4−x )

6 11
3. What is the result when is subtracted from ?
7y 7y
5 5 5 5y
a. b. c. d.
14 y 7y 49 y 2 7

4. Which expression is equivalent to -1?

2 4 n−6 m x−xy 2 x−2 y
a. n −4 b. c. d.
¿¿ 6 m−4 n y−x 2 y−x

5. Which of the following expressions is a rational algebraic expression?

 −3
a 2a x− y a−b
a. b. c. d.
√2 b √(a+ b) x+(−x) b+ a
6. Which of the following algebraic expressions could NOT be considered as rational algebraic
expression?
ax
b. x3 d. 2y – 3x
1/ 3
a. x c. by
3 x−3 11
7. What is the least common denominator (LCD) of , and ?
x+1 2 10
a. 2 ( x+1 ) b. 10 ( x+1 ) c. 20 ( x+1 ) d. x+1

x+3 6
8. Simplify + 2 .
x+5 x +3 x−10
x2+ x 7 x−9 x 2+ x +12 x 2+ x +1
a. 2 b. 2 c. 2 d. 2
x +3 x−10 x +3 x−10 x +3 x−10 x +3 x−10

42 xy+ 18 yz
9. Which expression is equivalent to ?
6y
a. 7x + 2z b. 14x + 2z c. 7x + 3z d. 14x + 3z
10. Which of the following DOES NOT belong to the group?
a. 4x2 + 2y b. x3 – 3x2 + x c. x + 1 d. 2( x + y) + (x +y)
References
2013. Mathematics-Grade 8 learner's Module. Pasig City: DepEd-I

ARNOLD V. RANCES, CRISELLE ESPANOLA-ROBES. 2019. SIMPLIFIED MATHEMATICS FOR GRADE 8. MANILA: ST. AUGUSTINE
PUBLICATIONS INC.

Answer Sheet_Math 8

Name: __________________________________________________________
Grade & Section: ________________ Score: _______

Quarter 1 – Module 3

Lesson 1
What’s More
Rational Algebraic expressions Non-rational Algebraic Expressions

Lesson 2
What’s More
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2.

3.

Lesson 3 Assessment
What’s More 1.
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