IlyushinIl76 Wikipedia

Ilyushin Il-76
The Ilyushin Il-76 (Russian: Илью́шин Ил-76;

NATO reporting name: Candid) is a multi-purpose, Il-76
fixed-wing, four-engine turbofan strategic airlifter
designed by the Soviet Union's Ilyushin design
bureau. It was first planned as a commercial
freighter in 1967, as a replacement for the Antonov
An-12. It was designed to deliver heavy machinery
to remote, poorly served areas. Military versions of
the Il-76 have been widely used in Europe, Asia and
Africa, including use as an aerial refueling tanker or
command center.
The Il-76 has seen extensive service as a commercial

A Russian Air Force Il-76MD
freighter for ramp-delivered cargo, especially for
outsized or heavy items unable to be otherwise Role Strategic and tactical
carried. It has also been used as an emergency airlifter
response transport for civilian evacuations as well as National origin Soviet Union / Russia
for humanitarian aid and disaster relief around the
world. Due to its ability to operate from unpaved Design group Ilyushin
runways, it has been useful in undeveloped areas. Built by Tashkent Aviation
Specialized models have also been produced for Production Association
aerial firefighting and zero-G training. Aviastar-SP

First flight 25 March 1971
Introduction June 1974[1]
Contents
Status In service
Design and development Primary users Soviet Air Forces
Origins (historical)
Further development Russian Air Force
Il-76MD-90A Ukrainian Air Force
Indian Air Force

Operational history
Produced 1971–present
Variants Number built 960+[2]
Prototypes and developmental variants
Variants Ilyushin Il-78
Special purpose / research variants

Beriev A-50
Military variants KJ-2000

Civil variants
Foreign variants
Operators
Military operators
Former military operators
Civil operators
Former civil operators
Accidents
Aircraft on display
Specifications (Il-76TD)
See also
References
Notes
Bibliography
External links
Design and development
Origins
The aircraft was first conceived by Ilyushin in 1967 to meet a

requirement for a freighter able to carry a payload of 40 tonnes
(88,000 lb) over a range of 5,000 kilometres (2,700 nmi;
3,100 mi) in less than six hours, able to operate from short and
unprepared airstrips, and capable of coping with the worst
weather conditions likely to be experienced in Siberia and the The Il-76 is a high-wing freighter
Soviet Union's Arctic regions. It was intended to replace the with four turbofans and a T-tail.
Antonov An-12. Another intended version was a double-decked
250-passenger airliner but that project was cancelled. The Il-76
first flew in March 1971.[3]
Production of Il-76s was allocated to the Tashkent Aviation Production Association in Tashkent,
Uzbekistan, then a republic of the Soviet Union. Some 860 of the basic transport variants were
manufactured.[4] In the 1990s, modernized variants also equipped with Soloviev D-30 turbofan
engines[5] were developed (MF, TF), with a cargo compartment 20 m (66 ft) long by 3.4 m (11 ft)
wide by 3.4 m (11 ft) tall; these larger variants were not produced in significant quantity due to the
financial difficulties being experienced by the Russian Air Force, which was the primary operator
of the type. The prototype of the Il-76MF conducted its first flight on 1 August 1995.
Further development
From 2004 onwards, a number of aircraft in commercial service were modernized to the Il-76TD-
90VD version; this involved the adoption of the newly developed PS-90 engine to comply with
European noise limitations.[1] In 2005, the People's Republic of China placed an order for 34 new
Il-76MDs and four Il-78 tankers. In June 2013, Russian military export agency Rosoboronexport
announced an order by China for 12 Il-76MD aircraft.[6]
The Il-76 has also been modified into an airborne refuelling tanker, designated the Il-78, around
50 aircraft having been produced.[4] A variant of the Il-76 also serves as a firefighting
waterbomber. Its airframe was used as a base for the Beriev A-50 'Mainstay' AEW&C (airborne
early warning and control) aircraft; around 25 aircraft were made.[4] Another application for the
type was found in Antarctic support flights and for conducting simulated weightlessness training
for cosmonauts (akin to the "Vomit Comet" used by NASA).[7] Beriev and NPO Almaz also
developed an airborne laser flying laboratory designated A-60, of which two were built, much of
this project's details remaining classified.[8]
Il-76MD-90A
It was announced in 2010 that the production of a modernized

Il-76, the Il-76MD-90A (also known as project Il-476 during
the design stage), would begin; a proposed new production line
would be located in Aviastar's facility in Ulyanovsk, Russia,
and be operated in cooperation with the Tashkent works.[4] At Landing gear of an Ilyushin Il-76
that point, the construction of two Il-76MD-90A prototypes
had begun at the Ulyanovsk facility.[9] The first Il-76MD-90A
was rolled out at Aviastar's Ulyanovsk plant on 16 June 2014.[10] On 29 April 2015, it was reported
that the Russian Air Force received the first Il-76MD-90A built at the Ulyanovsk plant "Aviastar-
SP" from the 2012 contract for 39 aircraft.[11][12] The Russian Ministry of Defence (MoD) received
its first serial production Ilyushin Il-76MD-90A airlifter on 2 April 2019.[13] As of mid 2022, 27
aircraft are ordered to be delivered in the period up to 2028 and 12 had been
built.[14][15][16][17][18][19]
Operational history
The first aircraft was delivered to the Soviet Air Force in June 1974.[1] Next it became the main
Soviet strategic transport aircraft. From 1976 it was operated by Aeroflot.
Between 1979 and 1991, the Soviet Air Force Il-76s made
14,700 flights into Afghanistan, transporting 786,200
servicemen, and 315,800 tons of freight. The Il-76 carried 89%
of Soviet troops and 74% of the freight that was airlifted. As
Afghan rebels were unable to shoot down high-flying Il-76s,
their tactics were to try and damage it on takeoff or landing. Il-
76s were often hit by shoulder-launched Stinger and Strela
heat-seeking missiles and large-calibre machine gun fire, but Video of Il-76MD landing on an
because the strong airframes were able to take substantial unpaved runway
damage and still remain operational, the aircraft had a
remarkably low attrition rate during this period of conflict.
Building on that experience, the bulk of the Canadian Forces equipment into Afghanistan was
flown in using civilian Il-76s.[20] In 2006, the Russian Air Force had about 200 Il-76s. Civilian
users in Russia have 108.[4]
On 3 August 1995, an Airstan Ilyushin Il-76 piloted by a Russian crew was forced down by a
Taliban-controlled Afghanistan Air Force fighter in what became known as Airstan incident. The
crew were imprisoned for nearly a year, but later escaped out of their confinement and managed to
sneak into their aircraft still stuck at the airport and fly out of Afghanistan.[21]
In 2004, a Chinese People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) Il-76 carried out a flight mission
in Afghanistan, and later in 2011, PLAAF Il-76s were sent to Libya to evacuate Chinese citizens.
The two missions were the reported first steps of PLAAF developing long-range transportation
capability.[22]
On 23 March 2007, a Transaviaexport Il-76 was shot down by an anti-aircraft missile while taking
off from Mogadishu, Somalia. Everybody on board, seven crew and four passengers, were
killed.[23]
Syrian Air Force Il-76s, operating as civil Syrianair aircraft,
have been reportedly used to ship weapons, money, and other
cargo from Russia and Iran to Syria, according to a defected
Syrian military pilot. Since the start of the war, in April 2011
(and up to July 2012), around 20 military flights have been
conducted to and from Tehran, via Iraqi airspace. Further
information exposes that since around 2012, Syrian Il-76s have
regularly flown to Moscow's Vnukovo Airport to fetch
shipments of Syrian banknotes that have been useful to Bashar USAF and IAF airmen work inside
al-Assad's government to survive Western sanctions.[24][25][26] the cockpit of an Indian Il-76.
On 14 June 2014, a Ukrainian Air Force Il-76 was shot down by

ground fire from pro-Russian separatists while on approach to landing at Luhansk, resulting in the
deaths of 40 soldiers and nine crew members on board.[27][28][29]
On 30 January 2017, an IL-76 firebomber of the Russian EMERCOM agency was deployed to Chile
to assist firefighters. This assignment took 39 days.[30]
All Il-76 transport aircraft in service with the RF Aerospace Forces will receive anti-missile
systems. The aircraft reconfiguration started in the spring 2019.[31]
On 25 February 2022, during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Ukrainian State Special
Communications Agency and US officials claimed that Russian Il-76s were shot down over Bila
Tserkva.[32] Until September 2022 no wreckage of the alleged transport planes were ever
found.[33]
On 4 April 2022, photographs of two destroyed Il-76s from the Ukrainian 25th Transport Aviation
Brigade were displayed; these cargo planes were destroyed on the ground by Russian forces at
Melitopol Airport.[34]
Variants
Prototypes and developmental variants
Il-76TD-90 / Il-76MD-90
Engine upgrades to Perm PS-90s.
Il-76 firebomber
Firefighting aircraft to drop exploding capsules filled
with fire retardant.
Il-76PSD
SAR version of Il-76MF
Il-96 Il-76TD-90, Aviadvigatel PS-90
engines have larger diameter.
Early development of convertible passenger/cargo
aircraft, (project only, designation re-used later)
Il-150
proposed Beriev A-50 with Perm PS-90 engines.
Beriev A-60
Airborne laser weapon testbed. (Il-76 version 1A)
Special purpose / research variants

Il-76LL
with reinforced wing (at least 3 aircraft) to be used
as test-bed aeroplane for engine prototypes flight
testing in Gromov Flight Research Institute.
Izdeliye-176
prototype Il-76PP.
Izdeliye-576
Izdeliye-676
Il-76LL with PD-14 engine
Telemetry and communications relay aircraft, for use
prototype under testing, 2015
during trial programmes (prototype).
Izdeliye-776
Telemetry and communications relay aircraft, for use
during trial programmes (prototype).
Izdeliye-976 ("SKIP", Il-976, or Il-76SK)[35] – (СКИП –
Самолетный Контрольно-Измерительный Пункт,
Airborne Check-Measure-and-Control Center)
Il-76/A-50 based Range Control and Missile tracking
platform. Initially built to support Raduga Kh-55
cruise missile tests. Il-76TD glass nose
Izdeliye-1076
Special mission aircraft for unknown duties.
Izdeliye-1176
ELINT electronic intelligence aircraft, or Il-76-11
Military variants
Il-76-Tu160 tailplane transporter

One-off temporary conversion to support Tu-160
Il-76LL SKIP testbed, 1999
emergency modification programme.
Il-76D
('D' for "Desantnyi", Десантный – "Paratrooper
transport") has a gun turret in the tail for defensive
purposes.
Il-76K/Il-76MDK/Il-76MDK-II
Zero-g cosmonaut trainer (dlya podgotovki
kosmonavtov), used by Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut
Training Center.
Il-76LL Il-76MD-90A of the Russian Air
Engine testbed, (ooniversahl'naya letayuschchaya Force
laboratoriya).
Il-76M
Military transport version, (modifitseerovannyy – modified).
Il-76MD
Improved military transport version, (modifitseerovannyy Dahl'ny – modified, long-
range).
Il-76MD Skal'pel-MT
Mobile Hospital
Il-76M / Il-76MD
Built without military equipment but designated as Ms and MDs (Gordon – 'Falsies')
Il-76MD-90
An Il-76MD with quieter and more economical
Aviadvigatel PS-90 high-bypass turbofan engines.
Il-76MF
Stretched military version with a 6.6 m longer
fuselage, PS-90A-76 engines, maximum takeoff
weight of 210 tonnes and a lift capability of 60
tonnes. First flew in 1995, not built in series so far,[1]
Il-76MD GSh-23 tail guns
just built for Jordan.
Il-76PP
ECM aircraft, major problems with ECM equipment
on the Izdeliye-176 only.
Il-76MD-M
Modernized Il-76MD for the Russian Air
Force.[36][37][38]
Il-76MD-90A
An upgraded version with a new glass cockpit,
upgraded avionics, new one-piece carbon-fibre Il-76MD cargo cabin
wing, and Aviadvigatel PS-90A-76 engines. It was
also known as Il-476 while in development.[10][39]
Il-76T/Il-76TD
Built as military aircraft but given civilian designations. (Gordon – 'Falsie')
Ilyushin Il-78/Il-78M/Il-78MD-90A
Aerial refuelling tanker.
Il-78 MKI
A customized version of the Il-78 developed for the Indian Air Force.
Il-82
Airborne Command Post/communications relay aircraft, (alternative designation – Il-
76VKP-'version65S').
Il-84
Maritime Search and Rescue aircraft, (alternative designation – Il-76PS-poiskovo-
spasahtel'nyy), not produced.
Beriev A-50/Beriev A-50M/Beriev A-50I/Beriev A-50E
Airborne Early Warning & Control aircraft. Beriev given control over the program.
Beriev A-100
An AEW&C version of the Il-76MD-90A.
Civil variants
Il-76MGA
Initial Commercial freighter. (two prototypes and 12 production) equipped with
Soloviev D-30 Turbofan engines.[40]
Il-76MD to Il-76TD conversions
Complete removal of military equipment, identified by crude cover over OBIGGS inlet
in Starboard Sponson.
Il-76P / Il-76TP / Il-76TDP / Il-76MDP
Firefighting aircraft. The Il-76 waterbomber is a VAP-2 1.5-hour install/removal
tanking kit conversion. The Il-76 can carry up to 13,000 U.S. gallons (49,000 liters) of
water; 3.5 times the capacity of the C-130 Hercules. Since this kit can be installed on
any Il-76, the designation Il-76TP, Il-76TDP are also
used when those versions of the Il-76 are converted
into waterbombers. The Il-76P was first unveiled in
1990.
Il-76T
('T' for Transport, Транспортный) unarmed civil
cargo transport version. NATO code-name "Candid-
A". It first flew on November 4, 1978. A commercial variant of the
Ilyushin Il-76, loading cargo at Ali
Il-76TD
Air Base, Iraq
The civil equivalent of the Il-76MD, first flew in 1982,
equipped with Soloviev D-30 Turbofan engines.[40]
Il-76TD-90
An Il-76TD with Aviadvigatel PS-90 engines and a
partial glass cockpit.
Il-76TD-90VD
An Il-76TD with Aviadvigatel PS-90 engines and a
partial glass cockpit. It was developed specially for
Volga-Dnepr cargo company, which operates five
aircraft as of 2021.[41] An Il-76TD belonging to the
Il-76TD-S IRGC, used as a firefighting
Civilian mobile Hospital, similar to Il-76MD Skal'pel- aircraft
MT.
Il-76TF
Civil transport stretched version with Aviadvigatel PS-90 engines. It is the civil version
of the Il-76MF (none produced).
Foreign variants
Beriev A-50E/I
For the Indian Air Force. Hosts Israeli Phalcon radar
for AEW&C and Aviadvigatel PS-90 engines.[42]
Il-76MD tanker
Iraqi Air Force tanker conversions.
KJ-2000
Domestic Chinese airborne early warning and
control conversion of Il-76, developed after A-50I
The A-50E/I Mainstay of the
was cancelled and currently in service with the
Indian Air Force
armed forces of China.
CFTE engine testbed
The China Flight Test Establishment (CFTE) currently operates a flying testbed
converted from a Russian-made Il-76MD jet transport aircraft to serve as a flying
testbed for future engine development programmes. The first engine to be tested on
the aircraft is the WS-10A "Taihang" turbofan, currently being developed as the
powerplant for China's indigenous J-10 and J-11 fighter aircraft. Il-76MD #76456,
acquired by the AVIC 1 from Russia in the 1990s, is currently based at CFTE's flight
test facility at Yanliang, Shaanxi Province.
Baghdad-1
Iraqi development with a radar mounted in the cargo hold enabling it to serve as
AEW&C, used in the Iran–Iraq War.
Baghdad-2
Iraqi development (with French assistance) with fibreglass-reinforced plastic radome
over the antenna of the Thomson-CSF Tiger G surveillance radar with a maximum
detection range of 350 km (190 nmi; 220 mi). One was destroyed on the ground
during the 1991 Persian Gulf War; two others were flown to Iran where they
remained.[43] At least one went into service with the IRIAF. One aircraft crashed
following a midair collision with a HESA Saeqeh fighter, during the annual Iranian
military parade in Teheran.[44] It can be distinguished from the Beriev A-50 by having
the Il-76 navigator windows in the nose, which the A-50 does not.
Operators
Military and civil operators in 38 countries
have operated 850+ Il-76 in large numbers.
While Russia is the largest military operator
of the Il-76, followed by Ukraine and India,
Belarus' TransAVIAexport Airlines is the
largest civilian operator.
Military operators Present and ex-Il-76 operators (Red=military only.

Green=civilian only. Blue=both.)
Algeria
Algerian Air Force – 11 Il-76s and five Il-78s in service

as of December 2021.[45]
Angola
Angolan Air Force – six II-76TDs.[46]
Armenia Indian Air Force pilots walk away

from their Il-76 medium cargo jet
Armenian Air Force – two Il-76s in service as of after landing at Hickam Air Force
December 2021.[45] Base, Hawaii.
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan Air Force – two Il-76s in service as of

December 2021.[47]
Belarus
Belarusian Air Force – inherited a number of Il-76s Il-76 of the Indian Air Force lands
from the Soviet Air Force. Two in service as of in Leh, Ladakh
December 2021.[47]
China
People's Liberation Army Air Force operates 17 Il-76
aircraft, including three KJ-2000 AEW&C versions and
some Il-78 tankers, with a further 30 due for delivery.
However, the deal for new IL-476 is canceled, instead
China received ten refurbished IL-76 from Russia and
developed its own transport the Xian Y-20.[48][49]
Egypt
IAF IL-76 MD K2902 at Leh
Egyptian Air Force – two Il-76MFs in service (from the

Royal Jordanian Air Force).[50]
Equatorial Guinea
Equatorial Guinea Air Force – one Il-76 in service as of

December 2021.[51]
Air Almaty Il-76T
India
Indian Air Force – 26 Il-76s (17 Il-76MDs, 6 Il-78MKIs,

and 3 Beriev A-50s for AEW&C)[52][53]
Iran
Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force – five Il-76s in service

as of December 2021.[54]
Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps Air Force – three IL-76 lands on a dirt strip
Il-76s in service as of December 2021.[54]
Russia
Russian Air Force – operated about 110 as of 2016.[55]

Border Service of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation (2016)[56]
National Guard Forces Command – operated nine as of 2016.[57]
Sudan
Sudanese Air Force – one Il-76 as of December 2021.[58]
Syria
Syrian Air Force – two Il-76s in service as of December 2021.[58]
Ukraine
Ukrainian Air Force – inherited a large number of Il-76s from the Soviet Air Force, with
seven remaining in service as of December 2021.[59]
Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan Air and Air Defence Forces – five in service as of December 2021.[60]
Former military operators
Iraq
Iraqi Air Force – operated the Il-76, but none remain in service.
Libya
The Libyan Air Force has operated the Il-76 although it may not remain in service.
Soviet Union
Soviet Air Force – operated hundreds of the aircraft, with an inventory of 310 in 1987.
Most were dispersed to the successor states upon the breakup of the Soviet Union.
Yemen
Yemen Air Force – Il-76TD, operated by the 4th Aviation Brigade.[61]
Zimbabwe
Air Force of Zimbabwe[62]
Civil operators
Armenia
Air Highnesses owned and operated Il-76T (EK-76300) on behalf of Aéro-Service.[63]
Azerbaijan
Azal Avia Cargo operates one Il-76TD.

Silk Way Airlines operates seven, including five Il-76TD and two Il-76TD-90.[64]
Bahrain
Global Aviation Services[65]
Belarus
TransAVIAexport Airlines operates six Il-76TDs.
Kazakhstan
The Government of Kazakhstan operates one Il-76.

Air Almaty operates an Il-76TD for leased operations.[66]
GST Aero operates 1 Il-76T.
Kyrgyzstan
Botir Avia operates three, including one Il-76MD and two Il-76TD.
Kyrgyzstan Airlines operates one Il-76TD.
Reem Air
Laos
Imtrec aviation of Cambodia operates Laos registered Il-76TD.
Mali
Transafrica Airlines
Moldova
Jet Line International operates the Il-76.[67]

Tiramavia
North Korea
Air Koryo
Russia
The Ministry of Emergency Situations operates an Il-76TD.

Border Guard Service of Russia
Abakan Avia operates three Il-76TDs.
Airlines 400 operates two Il-76TDs.
Airstars Airways operates four Il-76TDs on cargo services.
Alrosa-Avia operates four Il-76TDs on charter services.
Aram Air
Atlant-Soyuz Airlines operates six, including two Il-76MDs and four Il-76TDs.
ATRAN Cargo Airlines operates five, including three Il-76Ts and two Il-76TDs. At least
one Il-76M may have been operated in the past.
Atruvera Aviation operates three, including one Il-76MD and two Il-76TDs.
Aviacon Zitotrans operates five, including four Il-76TDs.
Aviast operates four, including one Il-76MD and three Il-76TDs.
East Line operates the Il-76.
Ilavia Airline operates six, including two Il-76MDs and four Il-76TDs.
Magadan Avia Leasing is a lease and charter operator of the Il-76.
Samara Airlines operates two Il-76TDs.
Spair Airlines
Tesis Aviation Enterprise operates nine Il-76TDs.
Tyumen Airlines
Uralinteravia
Volga-Dnepr operates eight: four Il-76TDs and four Il-76TD-90VDs.[68][69][70]
Sierra Leone
Aerolift Sierra Leone operates Il-76 aircraft for special charter and cargo lift
operations.[71]
Sudan
Azza Transport operates two Il-76TDs.[72]

Green Flag Airlines
Syria
Syrian Arab Airlines operates four, including three Il-76Ms.
Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan Airlines operates eight Il-76TDs.
Ukraine
ATI Aircompany operates a number of Il-76 models.

Azov Avia Airlines operates two Il-76MDs.
Ilyushin Il-76TD of Turkmenistan
Khors Aircompany operates two Il-76MDs. Airlines
Lviv Airlines operates three Il-76MDs.
Ukraine Air Alliance operates four, including one Il-
76MD and three Il-76TDs.
Ukrainian Cargo Airways operates 21, including 19 Il-76MDs.
Veteran Airlines
Volare Airlines operates three, including two Il-76MDs and one Il-76TD.
Yuzhmashavia operates two Il-76TDs.
United Nations
The United Nations Humanitarian Air Service has operated several of the type from the
early to mid-1990s to now. Most of them are either ex-Aeroflot or one that the Russian
Air Force has lent to the UN.
United States
Air Support Systems, LLC operates the Il-76/78 in firefighting duties in the US.
United Arab Emirates
Gulf Aviation Technology and Services operates a number of Il-76 aircraft on charter or
lease.
Phoenix Aviation operates 2 Il-76TDs.
Uzbekistan
Avialeasing operates the Il-76 on a charter and lease basis.

Uzbekistan Airways operates 14 Il-76TDs.
Former civil operators
Angola
Angola Air Charter has operated an Il-76.[73]
Armenia
Dvin Airlines operated an Il-76TD.

Yerevan-Avia operated two Il-76 (EK86724 and EK86817).
Belarus
Belavia operated the Il-76 before its closure in 1999.

Gomelavia operated five Il-76TD.
Burkina Faso
Faso Airways operated a Il-76TD.[74]
Cambodia
Imtrec Aviation operated a Laotian registered Il-76.
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Air Congo operated an Il-76TD.
Republic of the Congo
The Republic of the Congo operates an Il-76.

Trans Air Congo has operated an Il-76T.
Cuba
Cubana de Aviación used to operate two Il-76s.
Equatorial Guinea
Ecuatorial Cargo operated one Il-76TD.

Express International Cargo
Georgia
Sun Way has operated the Il-76TD.[75]
Hungary
Atlant Hungary has operated the Il-76.

Hungarian Ukrainian Air Cargo has operated the Il-76.
Iran
Atlas Air has operated at least eight Il-76TD.

Chabahar Air has operated at least two Il-76TD.
Mahan Air has operated the Il-76.
Payam Air operated two Il-76TD.
Qeshm Air operated two Il-76TD (airline disestablished).
Safiran Airlines
Yas Air operated two Il-76TDs (registered as EP-GOL and EP-GOM).
Iraq
Iraqi Airways operated a single Il-76.
Jordan
Jordan International Air Cargo – has operated two Il-76MFs delivered in 2011.[76] and
operated for the Royal Jordanian Air Force which were sold to Egypt in 2018 and were
delivered in 2019.[50]
Kazakhstan
Air Kazakhstan operated Il-76 aircraft until its closure

in 2004.
Kazakhstan Airlines operated the Il-76TD before its GST Aero IL-76 at Patriot Hills
closure in 1997. Base Camp, Antarctica
Sayakhat Airlines operated the Il-76 previously.
Latvia
Inversija operated three, including two Il-76Ts and one Il-76TD.
Libya
Jamahiria Air Transport operated the Il-76M, Il-76TD, and Il-78.

Libyan Air Cargo, the cargo division of Libyan Arab Airlines, operates 21, including one
Il-76M and 15 Il-76TD.
Moldova
Aerocom operated an Il-76MD as well as an Il-76T until as late as January 2005.

Airline Transport operated a number of Il-76 aircraft, losing three in accidents in 2004
and 2005.
Russia
Aeroflot operated large numbers of aircraft, especially during Soviet years, often on
behalf of the Soviet military. However, none remain in service with the airline.
Air STAN operated an Il-76TD.
ALAK operated Il-76 aircraft before its closure in 1999.
Aviaenergo operated the aircraft, but none remain in service.
Continental Airways has operated the Il-76 in the past, but does not do so currently.
Dacono Air has operated the Il-76.
Domodedovo Airlines has operated the Il-76, but none is currently in service.
KrasAir operated the Il-76, but none is currently in service.
Krylo Airlines operated two Il-76TDs into 2005.
Moscow Airways operated an Il-76TD in the early 1990s.
Novosibirsk Air Enterprise operated the Il-76, but none is currently in service.
Pulkovo Aviation Enterprise operated the Il-76, but none is currently in service.
Serbia
Air Tomisko operated 3 Il-76TDs. Two were leased from GST Aero which had been
before in service of Kosmas Air, and one more was added in May 2006.[77]
Kosmas Air operated two Il-76TDs leased from GST Aero.[77]
Soviet Union
Aeroflot was the main civil user of the aircraft during the period of the Soviet Union,
although many of its aircraft were operated on behalf of the military.
Jet Air Cargo was one of the first civil operators of the Il-76 in Russia other than
Aeroflot.
Sudan
Air West operated at least six aircraft, although it is unclear how many remain in
service.[72]
East West Cargo operated a number of Il-76s.[72]
Juba Air Cargo operated the Il-76.[78]
Badr Airlines operated two Il-76s.[79]
Trans Attico operated two Il-76TDs.[74]
Alfa Airlines
Ukraine
Air Service Ukraine operated the Il-76MD.

Air Ukraine and Air Ukraine Cargo operated the
aircraft, although none were in service at the time of
bankruptcy.
BSL Airline operated as many as six Il-78s.
Busol Airlines operated the Il-76 before its closure in Loading BMD-1 in Ukrainian Air
1998. Force IL-76
South Airlines
Yemen
Yemenia operated two Il-76TDs.
Accidents
As of April 2018, a total of 80 Il-76 series aircraft have been
written off in crashes and other accidents.[80] There were at
average two Il-76 crashes or similar accidents per year since
1979, with more than 1000 casualties.
On 23 November 1979, a Soviet Air Forces Il-76,

registration CCCP-86714, banked left during an
approach to Vitebsk Airport. Control of the aircraft was
lost and the aircraft crashed, killing the crew of seven; An Il-76MD that was damaged
this was the first loss of an Il-76.[81] during the Sknyliv air show
On 11 December 1988, an Aeroflot Il-76 crashed on disaster on 27 July 2002, during
approach to Leninakan, Armenia killing 77 of the 78 on which the Sukhoi Su-27 involved
board. The aircraft was on an air relief operation struck a glancing blow against
the aircraft's nose before
following the 1988 Armenian earthquake.[82]
crashing into spectators.
On 1 February 1990, a Soviet Air Forces Il-76
registration СССР-86021 crashed 14 minutes after
takeoff from Panevėžys Air Base. The crashed killed all 8 members of the crew.[83]
On 19 August 1996, an Il-76T operating Spair Airlines Flight 3601, crashed while trying
to land at Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport, killing all 14 occupants on board.[84]
On 12 November 1996, Kazakhstan Airlines Flight 1907, an Il-76 had a mid-air collision
near New Delhi, India with a Saudi Arabian Airlines Boeing 747, resulting in the loss of
all 349 lives aboard both aircraft. The accident was ruled as pilot error, with the Il-76
aircraft failing to follow air traffic controller instructions.
On 27 November 1996, a Russian Air Force Ilyushin Il-76MD, registration RA-78804,
flew into the hillside of a mountain, minutes after it departed Abakan Airport, and
crashed 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) from the airport. All 21 occupants on board lost their
lives in the accident.[85][86]
In July 1998, a Ukrainian Ilyushin-76 cargo plane took off from Ras Al Khaimah airport
and crash landed into the sea nearby. All crew members on board died.[87]
On 2 December 2001, Armed Forces of the Russian Federation Flight 9064 crashed at
Novaya Inya, Russia, following an onboard fire, killing 18 on board.
On 19 February 2003, an Ilyushin Il-76 crashed near Kerman, Iran under unspecified
reasons (possibly weather-related). The crash killed 275 people, including hundreds of
the Iranian Revolutionary Guard.
On 8 May 2003, the rear loading ramp of an Il-76 leased by the Congolese government
unexpectedly opened at 10,000 feet after taking off from the capital Kinshasa. Initial
reports stated that over 120 policemen and their families had been sucked out in 45
minutes,[88] but 14 people actually died.[89]
On 30 June 2008, an Ababeel Aviation Il-76 crashed while taking off from Khartoum on
a relief flight, killing the 4 crew members, the only people on board the plane.[90]
On 2 July 2008, Click Airways Flight 1002, operated using an Ilyushin Il-76TD from
Bagram Air Base to Al-Fujairah-Fujairah International Airport, suffered an Uncontained
Engine Failure of its no. 3 engine at FL280. The failed engine parts struck the no. 4
engine resulting in its failure, as well as the fuselage and fuel tanks. The flight crew
managed to successfully make an emergency landing at Zahedan, Iran. None of the
three crew sustained injuries.[91]
On 15 January 2009, two Russian Ministry of Interior Il-76MDs were involved in a
ground collision at Makhachkala Airport. One of the aircraft, registration RA-76825, was
ready to depart and was positioned at the runway end when the other one, RA-76827,
came in to land. The wing of the landing aircraft struck the flight deck of RA-76825 and
a fire erupted. There were three fatalities in the departing aircraft, out of seven
occupants on board. None of the 31 occupants aboard RA-76827 were hurt. RA-76825
was written off as a consequence of the accident.[92][93]
On 9 March 2009 Aerolift Il-76 S9-SAB crashed into Lake Victoria just after takeoff from
Entebbe Airport, Uganda, killing all 11 people on board. Two of the engines had caught
fire on takeoff. The aircraft was chartered by Dynacorp on behalf of AMISOM. The
accident was investigated by Uganda's Ministry of Transport, which concluded that all
four engines were time-expired and that Aerolift's claim that maintenance had been
performed to extend their service lives and the certification of this work could not be
substantiated.[94]
On 22 September 2009, Il-76MD "5-8208" of the Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force
crashed near Varamin killing all seven people on board.[95] The crash was possibly the
result of a midair collision with a Northrop F-5E Tiger II.[96]
On 1 November 2009, an Il-76 belonging to the Russian Ministry of the Interior,
crashed near the city of Mirny within 2 kilometers after taking off. Eleven people on
board were confirmed as killed.[97]
On 28 November 2010 Sun Way Flight 4412, Il-76 4L-GNI, crashed in a populated area
of Karachi, Pakistan, shortly after taking off from Jinnah International Airport. All eight
people on board were killed, along with two people on the ground. The aircraft was
reported to have been trying to return to Jinnah after suffering an uncontained engine
failure and fire.[98]
On 6 July 2011 a Silk Way Il-76, tail number 4K-AZ55, crashed into a mountain in
Afghanistan, while on final to Bagram Air Force Base. Eight people on board were
initially confirmed as killed, with one unaccounted.[99][100]
On 30 November 2012 an Aéro-Service[63] Il-76T (also reported as being operated by
Trans Air Congo in the days after the accident[101]) crashed 850 meters short of runway
5L of the Congo's Maya-Maya Airport in Brazzaville while landing during a violent
storm, killing 32, including the 5 aircrew, another person on board and 26 people on
the ground.[102]
On 11 April 2018, an Algerian Air Force Ilyushin Il-76 military transport aircraft crashed
shortly after take-off from Boufarik Airport, Boufarik, Algeria. All 257 people on board
were killed, making the accident the deadliest air crash on Algerian soil.[103]
On 24 June 2022, a Russian Air Force IL-76 crashed and caught fire whilst landing near
the city of Ryazan, killing 5 of the 9 people on board.[104][105]
Aircraft on display
UR-UCI (cn 083414444) preserved in the State Museum of Aviation, Kyiv-Zhulyany.
Specifications (Il-76TD)
Data from Ilyushin,[106] Aviadvigatel,[107] Volga-Dnepr
Airlines.[108]
General characteristics
Crew: 5
Capacity: Il-76M 42,000 kg (92,594 lb); Il-
76MD 48,000 kg (105,822 lb); Il-76MD-90A
60,000 kg (132,277 lb)
Length: 46.59 m (152 ft 10 in)
Wingspan: 50.5 m (165 ft 8 in)
Height: 14.76 m (48 ft 5 in)
Wing area: 300 m2 (3,200 sq ft)
Empty weight: 92,500 kg (203,928 lb) Il-76TD-
90
Max takeoff weight: 190,000 kg (418,878 lb) Il-76MD/TD
Powerplant: 4 × Soloviev D-30KP turbofans, 117.7 kN (26,500 lbf) thrust each [109]
Performance
Maximum speed: 900 km/h (560 mph, 490 kn)

Maximum speed: Mach 0.82
Range: 4,400 km (2,700 mi, 2,400 nmi) Il-76MD/TD with 52,000 kg (114,640 lb) payload.
Ferry range: 9,300 km (5,800 mi, 5,000 nmi) Il-76MD-90A with no payload.
Service ceiling: 13,000 m (43,000 ft)
Thrust/weight: 0.252
Minimum landing run: 450 m (1,476 ft) with thrust reversers
Armament
Guns: 2× 23 mm cannon in radar-directed manned turret at base of tail

Bombs: Some military models have 2 hardpoints under each outer wing capable of
supporting 500 kg bombs.
See also
Airlift
Military transport aircraft
Related development
Beriev A-50
Beriev A-100
Ilyushin Il-78
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

Lockheed C-141 Starlifter
Xian Y-20
Boeing C-17 Globemaster III
Related lists
List of aircraft
List of civil aircraft
References
Notes
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Bibliography
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Madagascar to Zimbabwe. Houston: Harpia Publishing. ISBN 978-0-9825539-8-5.
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c=83735). Flight International. Retrieved 12 December 2021.
External links
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oducts/cargo/76td.html), Il-76TD-90 (https://web.archive.org/web/20091103142428/htt
p://www.ilyushin.org/eng/products/cargo/76td90.html), and Il-76TF pages on Ilyushin's
website (https://web.archive.org/web/20091002065101/http://www.ilyushin.org/eng/pr
oducts/cargo/76tf.html)
The Ilyushin Il-76 and variants on Airvectors.net (http://www.airvectors.net/avil76.html)
Il-476 production line photos on Englishrussia.com (http://englishrussia.com/2012/01/2
4/presenting-ilyushin-il-476)
Ilyushin beriev Il-76 Candid (Gajraj) at Indian military database site (https://web.archive.
org/web/20091010214134/http://www.indian-military.org/air-force/support/transport-
aircraft/205-ilyushin-beriev-il-76-candid-gajraj.html)
Training aircraft at Yuri Gagarin Cosmonauts Training Center (https://web.archive.org/w
eb/20080218112711/http://www.gctc.ru/eng/facility/aircraft_e.htm)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilyushin_Il-76&oldid=1109585162"
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Ilyushin Il-76

The Ilyushin Il-76 (Russian: Илью́шин Ил-76;

The Il-76 has seen extensive service as a commercial

aerial firefighting and zero-G training. Aviastar-SP

Further development Russian Air Force

Il-76MD-90A Ukrainian Air Force

Indian Air Force

Special purpose / research variants

Military variants KJ-2000

Design and development

The aircraft was first conceived by Ilyushin in 1967 to meet a

It was announced in 2010 that the production of a modernized

On 14 June 2014, a Ukrainian Air Force Il-76 was shot down by

Prototypes and developmental variants

Special purpose / research variants

Il-76-Tu160 tailplane transporter

Military operators Present and ex-Il-76 operators (Red=military only.

Algerian Air Force – 11 Il-76s and five Il-78s in service

Angolan Air Force – six II-76TDs.[46]

Armenia Indian Air Force pilots walk away

Azerbaijan Air Force – two Il-76s in service as of

Egyptian Air Force – two Il-76MFs in service (from the

Equatorial Guinea Air Force – one Il-76 in service as of

Indian Air Force – 26 Il-76s (17 Il-76MDs, 6 Il-78MKIs,

Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force – five Il-76s in service

Russian Air Force – operated about 110 as of 2016.[55]

Sudanese Air Force – one Il-76 as of December 2021.[58]

Syrian Air Force – two Il-76s in service as of December 2021.[58]

Yemen Air Force – Il-76TD, operated by the 4th Aviation Brigade.[61]

Air Force of Zimbabwe[62]

Air Highnesses owned and operated Il-76T (EK-76300) on behalf of Aéro-Service.[63]

Azal Avia Cargo operates one Il-76TD.

Global Aviation Services[65]

TransAVIAexport Airlines operates six Il-76TDs.

The Government of Kazakhstan operates one Il-76.

Imtrec aviation of Cambodia operates Laos registered Il-76TD.

Jet Line International operates the Il-76.[67]

The Ministry of Emergency Situations operates an Il-76TD.

Azza Transport operates two Il-76TDs.[72]

Syrian Arab Airlines operates four, including three Il-76Ms.

Turkmenistan Airlines operates eight Il-76TDs.

ATI Aircompany operates a number of Il-76 models.

United Arab Emirates

Avialeasing operates the Il-76 on a charter and lease basis.

Angola Air Charter has operated an Il-76.[73]

Dvin Airlines operated an Il-76TD.

Belavia operated the Il-76 before its closure in 1999.

Faso Airways operated a Il-76TD.[74]

Imtrec Aviation operated a Laotian registered Il-76.

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Air Congo operated an Il-76TD.

Republic of the Congo

The Republic of the Congo operates an Il-76.

Cubana de Aviación used to operate two Il-76s.

Ecuatorial Cargo operated one Il-76TD.

Sun Way has operated the Il-76TD.[75]

Atlant Hungary has operated the Il-76.

Atlas Air has operated at least eight Il-76TD.

Iraqi Airways operated a single Il-76.

Air Kazakhstan operated Il-76 aircraft until its closure

Sayakhat Airlines operated the Il-76 previously.

Inversija operated three, including two Il-76Ts and one Il-76TD.

Jamahiria Air Transport operated the Il-76M, Il-76TD, and Il-78.

Aerocom operated an Il-76MD as well as an Il-76T until as late as January 2005.