TRIGNOMETRY

❑Simple identities,
❑trigonometric equations
❑properties of triangles
❑solution of triangles
❑height and distance
❑ inverse function.
(1 - cos2θ) csc2θ = 1

sec θ √(1 - sin2θ) = 1

Prove :
tan θ sin θ + cos θ = sec θ

Prove :
(1 - cos θ)(1 + cos θ)(1 + cot2θ) = 1
 Prove :
cot θ + tan θ = sec θ csc θ

Prove :
cos θ/(1 - tan θ) + sin θ/(1 - cot θ) = sin θ + cos θ
Prove :
(1 - sin A)/(1 + sin A) = (sec A - tan A)2

If √3 tan β = 3 sin β, prove that sin^2 β - cos^2 β = 1/3.

 TRIGNOEMTRIC EQUATIONS
Equations Solutions
sin x = 0 x = nπ
cos x = 0 x = (nπ + π/2)
tan x = 0 x = nπ

sin x = 1 x = (2nπ + π/2) = (4n+1)π/2

cos x = 1 x = 2nπ

x = nπ + (-1)nθ, where θ ∈ [-π/2,

sin x = sin θ
π/2]

cos x = cos θ x = 2nπ ± θ, where θ ∈ (0, π]

tan x = tan θ x = nπ + θ, where θ ∈ (-π/2 , π/2]

sin2 x = sin2 θ x = nπ ± θ
cos2 x = cos2 θ x = nπ ± θ
tan2 x = tan2 θ x = nπ ± θ
General solution of the equation sin x = ½

General solution of the equation cos x = 1/√2

General solution of the equation tan x = √3

General Solution of the Equation sin θ = 0

General Solution of the Equation cos θ = 0

General Solution of the Equation tan θ = 0

General Solution of the Equation sin θ = 1

General Solution of the Equation sin θ = -1

General Solution of the Equation cos θ = 1

General Solution of the Equation cos θ = -1

 PROPERTIES OF TRIANGLES

Heron’s Formula To Find Area of Triangle

Sometimes it is difficult to calculate the height of a
triangle, so we cannot use the direct formula.
Therefore Heron’s formula is used to calculate the area
by the means of sides of the triangle.
First, e need to calculate the semi perimeter (s).
s = 1/2 (a+b+c), (where a,b,c are the three
sides of a triangle)
Now Area is given by; A = √s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)
Find the area of a triangle having sides 5,6 and 7 units length.
Basic Rules of Triangle

CBSE Class 11 Maths Notes Solution of Triangles, Heights and Distances

In ΔABC, the angles are denoted by capital letters A, Band C and the lengths of the sides
opposite to these angles are denoted by small letters a, b and c, respectively. Semi-
perimeter of the triangle is written as

s= a + b + c / 2

and area denoted by Δ.

(i) Sine Rule

sin A / a = sin B / b = sin C / c = 1 / 2R,
where R is the radius of the circumstances of the ΔABC.

(ii) Cosine Rule

cos A = b2 + c2 – a2 / 2bc

cos B = a2 + c2 – b2 / 2ac
(iii) Projection Rule a = b cos C + c cos B,

b = c cos A + a cos C and c = a cos B + b cos A

(iV) Napier’s Analogy tan B – C / 2 = b – c / b + c cot A / 2,

tan C – A / 2 = c – a / c + a cot B / 2 and tan A – B / 2 = a – b / a + b cot C / 2

 Δ = abc / 4R = rs
where, R and r are the radii of the circumcircle and the incircle of the ΔABC,
respectively.
 HEIGHT AND DISTANCES
Two ships are sailing in the sea on the two sides of a lighthouse. The angle of
elevation of the top of the lighthouse is observed from the ships are 30° and 45°
respectively. If the lighthouse is 100 m high, the distance between the two ships
is:

A. 173 m
B. 200 m
C. 273 m
D. 300 m
The angle of elevation of a ladder leaning against a wall is 60° and the foot of the
ladder is 4.6 m away from the wall. The length of the ladder is:

A. 2.3 m
B. 4.6 m
C. 7.8 m
D. 9.2 m
From a point P on a level ground, the angle of elevation of the top tower is 30°. If the
tower is 100 m high, the distance of point P from the foot of the tower is:

A. 149 m
B. 156 m
C. 173 m
D. 200 m
The angle of elevation of the sun, when the length of the shadow of a tree 3 times the
height of the tree, is:

A. 30°
B. 45°
C. 60°
D. 90°
From the top of a tower 75m high, the angles of depression of the top and
bottom of a pole standing on the same plane as the tower are observed to be
300 and 450 respectively. Find the height of the pole.a) 30.4m
b) 35.9m
c) 28.6m
d) 31.7m
INVERSE FUNCTION