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LAW ENFORCEMENT ORGANIZATION and ADMINISTRATION (INTER-AGENCY

APPROACH)

Name of Student: ________________________ Year/Section: __________________

Subject: ________________________________ Date: ________________________

MODULE No. 3 HISTORY OF THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE

(Prelim)

OVERVIEW This course covers the organizational set-up of relevant various law
enforcement and public safety agencies, as legal mandate, functions and
responsibilities and its functional relations, coordination with other law
enforcement and public safety agencies.

INTRODUCTION Historians believe that law enforcement began unnoticed. It started in the
protection of the interest of the families, clans, tribes and finally ends up
in nations or states. Law Enforcement certainly had its beginning in the
last centuries of pre-history. “SELF-POLICING METHOD” became
necessary. As population increases, the concept of self-policing proved
inadequate and so deteriorated.
Apparently, the “folkways” and “mores” were not being complied
with; thus, they become ineffectual as a mean of “SOCIAL CONTROL”.
Scholars attributed to the Babylonian King Hammurabi, the set of oldest
codified laws, known as the “Code of Hammurabi”. The code was
considered as the “Foundation on the Development of Law Enforcement”.

At the end of this module the students will be able to:

LEARNING
1. Discuss the evolution of different law enforcement agencies.
OUTCOMES
2. Study and analyze the concepts and structure of various law
enforcement and public safety agencies and its proper
administration.
3. Understand the importance and purpose of the various law
enforcement agencies.
4. Summarize the evolution of various law enforcement and public
safety agencies

LEARNING The learners will be able to:

OBJECTIVES
1. Familiarize themselves with the History of different law enforcement
agencies and was able to memorize the elements and principles of each
Organization.

2. Discuss the various law enforcement and public safety agencies.

3. Demonstrate competence and broad understanding in law enforcement
administration, public safety and criminal justice.

4. Apply the concepts and principles organization and administration in

various law enforcement and public safety agencies.

Discussion/Situational analysis/Content etc. (Pls. refer to your hand outs, Prelim coverage only)

HISTORY OF THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE

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The Philippine Constabulary

 The creation of PC is considered as a story of American Pacification of the Philippines.

 The major task of the PC was to quell the revolution during the American Regime,
thereby taking the form of a quasi-military unit even though it was conceived to become
a police unit. The formal establishment of the PC took place on August 8, 1901.

 The first enlisted personnel strength was 2,500 recorded on December 15, 1901 under the
command of HENRY TUREMEN ALLEN, the first PC Chief and an 1882 graduate of
the US Military Academy.

 Allen focused on the suppression of rebellion and maintenance of peace and order.

 In 1902, Allen introduced the Mounted Constables as part of the campaign

against insurgents. They used horses from China and launched the first Polo
Sport in Manila.

 PC maintained and operated telephone and cable services until 1906 when these
were turned over to the Bureau of Posts.

 The PC also acted as security personnel during the transfer of prisoners to and
from different penal colonies in the country.

 From 1901 to 1907, B/GEN HENRY ALLEN run the PC, rose from the ranks, and
replaced by:

 B/GEN HARY H BANDHOLTZ (1907-1913)

 B/GEN JAMES G HARBORD (1913)
 B/GEN WILLIAM C RIVERS (1914)
 B/GEN GERMAN HALL (1914-1917).

The Manila Police Department

 Act 183 created the Manila Police Department on July 31, 1901 (Charter of Manila)
under the direct supervision of Governor Howard Taft (The First Governor General and
assumed his office on July 4, 1901).
 Capt. George Curry: US Army Officer was appointed as the First Chief of Police of
Manila.
 Capt. Columbus E. Piatt: the last American Chief of Police of Manila in 1935.
 Col. Antonio C. Torres: the First Filipino Chief of Police of Manila.
 Col. Lamberto T. Javelera – appointed by the President as the first Chief of Police of
Manila during the Commonwealth with Manuel Roxas as the President.

The Filipinization of the PC

 During its 16th year of existence in 1917, the PC was placed under the leadership of
Filipinos.

 B/GEN RAFAEL DE TAGLE CRAME served as the “FIRST FILIPINO PC Chief”

(1917-1927). He served with competence as PC Chief for ten years, earning the respect of
his men and even the criminals he captured.
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The PC nearing its 30th Year

 After Gen Crame and nearing the PC’s 30th years of existence, the PC was confronted by
the birth of a new menace – the communist insurgents. Strikes were common
occurrence in cities nationwide.

 After Gen Crame’s term in 1927, he was replaced by:

 B/GEN LUCENA R SWEET (1927-1932)

 B/GEN CLARENCE H BOWERS (1932-1934)
 B/GEN BASILIO VALDEZ (1934-1936)

THE MERGING OF PC WITH THE PHILIPPINE ARMY

 The control of PC was transferred to the Phil Army on January 11, 1936 with the
creation of the National Defense Act, thus ending the 35 years of existence of the PC as
an insular police force.

 The PC became the Constabulary Division of the Philippine Army, supervised by a

Provost Marshall General

 The transfer completed on January 21, 1936 Under the command B/GEN JOSE DELOS
REYES.

The State Police Act (CA No. 88)

 On October 26, 1936, the STATE POLICE was created thru CA No 88.
 It consolidated all municipal and city police forces and provincial guards under the
Department of Interior which took over the duties of the PC.
 It was later abolished by the National Assembly on June 25, 1938 during the incumbency
of then President Manuel L. Quezon because it did not measure up to the standards of its
framers.

THE NATIONAL POLICE FORCE

 The Constabulary Division was then separated from the Philippine Army right after the
abolition of State Police in June 25, 1938 and was constituted as the NATIONAL
POLICE FORCE placed under the supervision of the Department of Interior under the
command of MAJ GEN GUILLERMO B. FRANCISCO (1938-1942).

THE JAPANESE OCCUPATION (1941-1945)

 Gen Francisco directed his men to continue providing security during the outbreak of
war.

 The First Historical Battle against the Japanese forces was fought by the Constabulary
on December 9, 1941 in Vigan, Ilocos Sur. Three (3) Filipino officers (Maj Sergio
Laurente, Lts. Enrique Domondon and Gregorio Villacorta) and 7 enlisted men
became the First Filipino Prisoners of War.

THE KEMPETAI

 Military Police arm of the Imperial Japanese Army from 1881 to 1945.
 The First group of Japanese Force who arrived in the Philippines as early as 1941.
 The Constabulary men fought to the last stand until the Fall of Bataan and Corregidor
and the surrender of the Friendly Forces on April 9, 1942.
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 Those who refused to give up escaped to the hills and reorganized into various resistance
groups. They become “underground” fighters or guerillas against the Japanese
Authorities.
 Gen Francisco’s term ended in 1942 since the Military and Police Units of the country
were now commanded by Japanese Authorities.

Liberation from the Japanese Occupation (1945)

 In 1945, B/GEN FEDERICO G OBOZA led the National Police Force after liberation
from the Japanese.

The Post Independence Period

 In 1946, under the New Republic, the military was designated as the AFP divided into the
HQ,AFP (formerly, HQ Army of the Phils; then subsequently named as Philippine
Army), the Phil Ground Force (formerly the Military Training Command), the Phil
Naval Patrol (formerly the Off-Shore Patrol, subsequently named Philippine Navy), and
the Phil Air Force (formerly the Air Corps; then subsequently the Philippine Air Force).

 In 1946, MAJ GEN MARIANO N CASTAÑEDA was appointed as the Chief of the
Military Police Command until 1948.

 However, the Military Police Command was abolished on January 1, 1948 and the
Constabulary was reactivated, operating as a separate agency under the DI. However, EO
no 389, united the PC with the AFP as one of its major commands.

 With the reactivation of the Constabulary as one major command of AFP, B/GEN
ALBERTO RAMOS was named as Chief until 1950; then transferred to B/GEN
FLORENCIO SELGA (1950-1955)

The full restoration of PC

 On August 3, 1955, then President Ramon Magsaysay restored FULL operational and
administrative control of the PC to the Chief of Constabulary.

 LT GEN MANUAL F. CABAL (1955-1958), who was then the chief, was instrumental
in developing the organizational structure, increasing the capabilities and strengths as
well as improving the training methods, discipline and morale of the entire corps.

THE BEGINNING OF POLICE REFORMATION AND PROFESSIONALIZATION IN

1966
 Reformation and professionalization of the police service gained official recognition on
September 8, 1966, when Republic Act No. 4864, otherwise known as the “Police Act
of 1966” was enacted. This act served as the legal guidepost in initiating and undertaking
at the national level much needed reforms that resulted to a considerable improvement in
police performance and efficiency.

 To carry out the objectives of the act, the Police Commission (POLCOM) was created
under the Office of the President of the Philippines. But the act, for all its merits, did not
eliminate the various negative factors that had been plaguing the police forces.

The PC before the birth of INP (1975)

 MAJ GEN MANUEL T YAN ran the PC from 1967-1968;

 then transferred to B/GEN VICENTE R RAVAL from 1968-1970.

 Nearing the birth of INP in 1972, B/GEN EDUARDO GARCIA was appointed as PC
Chief from 1970-1972.
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The Marcos Regime
 Pres. Marcos’ regime spanned the period 1965-1986. During his time, he worked for the
consolidation of the military as an integral component of the country’s economic agenda.

 In 1968, the Metropolitan Command (METROCOM) was established to assist the

local police forces in the Greater Manila Area.

THE BIRTH OF THE INTEGRATED NATIONAL POLICE

 Integration was the great idea and proposal of then Manila Mayor Arsenio Lacson.

 In compliance with said mandate, on August 8, 1975, Presidential Decree No. 765 was
enacted establishing and consulting the INTEGRATED NATIONAL POLICE
composed of the Philippine Constabulary as the nucleus and the Integrated Police, Fire
and Jail Services of the cities and municipalities.

 Under the same decree, both the INP and the National Police Commission had been
placed under the supervision of the Department of National Defense.

 The integration of the police forces paved the way for the professionalization,
standardization of systems and procedures and creation of an organizational structure
which links all police units together for efficiency and effectiveness.

 The former FOUR PC ZONES (Luzon, Vizayas, Mindanao and NCR) were
decentralized, creating the 13 PC-INP Regional Commands.

 The PC Brigade was activated on June 1, 1975 to provide command and control, combat
service support to organic and attached units.

The Martial Law Regime and The Police Service (PC and INP)
 LT GEN FIDEL V RAMOS was the PC Chief from 1972-1975 (practically, He was
the last Chief of PC before the PC-INP Integration) and eventually became
DIRECTOR GENERAL of the INP when INP was created in 1975 up to 1986.

 He also took over the post as Acting Chief of Staff of the AFP following the leave of
absence of Gen Fabian C Ver.

 GEN FIDEL V RAMOS was the longest serving Chief/Director General of the
PC/INP whose stint spanned for 14 years (1972-1986).

The “People Power Revolt”

 On August 21, 1983, Marcos’ key political opponent, then Sen. Benigno S. Aquino, was
assassinated.

 The events that followed took unprecedented turns in the history of the nation.

 Snap elections were held on February 7, 1986 and the historical “People Power Revolt”
on February 22, 1986.

The PC-INP nearing the birth of PNP

 Gen Fidel V Ramos, in an ironic twist of fate, helped end Martial Law by defying the
Marcoses during the People Power Revolt.

 Then President Corazon C Aquino took over the government, appointed GEN FIDEL V
RAMOS as the AFP Chief of Staff, paving way for LT GEN RENATO S DE VILLA
to be appointed as PC-INP Chief from 1986-1988.
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 MAJ GEN RAMON E MONTAÑO became the last PC-INP Chief from 1988-1990.

THE BIRTH OF PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE

 The adoption of the New Constitution in 1987, heralds the creation of a single
national Police Organization, which being a civilian in character shall be
administered and controlled by the national Police Commission. Section 6, Article
16 of the 1987 Constitution reads as follows:

 “The State shall establish and maintain one police force, which shall be national
in scope and civilian in character to be administered and controlled by a National
Police Commission, the Authority of Local Executives over the police units in
their jurisdiction shall be provided by law”.

 Republic Act No. 6975 approved on December 13, 1990, “An Act Establishing the
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE under a Reorganized Department of the Interior
and Local Government, and for other purposes”.

 After it’s signing on December 13, 1990, the PNP underwent transitory period.

 On March 31, 1991, President Aquino named P/DIR GEN CESAR P NAZARENO, as
the First Director General of the PNP (1991-1992).

THE BUREAU OF FIRE PROTECTION

 is an agency of the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG)

responsible for implementing national policies related to Firefighting and fire prevention
as well as implementation of the Philippine Fire Code (PD 1185), which has been
repealed and replaced by the New Fire Code of the Philippines (RA 9514). Formerly
known as the Integrated National Police Fire Service, the BFP is in charge of the
administration and management of municipal and city fire and emergency services all
over the country.
 The BFP traces its roots from the defunct Constabulary Fire Protection Bureau, then
later PC-INP Office of Fire Protection Service
 The agency was founded on January 29, 1991, pursuant to the provisions of Republic
Act 6975, which established the Department of Interior and Local Government.
 The Bureau now is in charge of management, administration, and implementation of fire
and emergency services all over the count.

THE BUREAU OF JAIL MANAGEMENT AND PENOLOGY 

 is an attached agency of the Department of the Interior and Local Government mandated
to direct, supervise and control the administration and operation of all district, city and
municipal jails in the Philippines with pronged tasks of safekeeping and development of
its inmates.
 It was created on January 2, 1991 by virtue of Republic Act No. 6975 also known as the
Department of the Interior and Local Government Act of 1990. Prior to its creation, the
Office of Jail Management and Penology of then Philippine Constabulary - Integrated
National Police was the agency handling the local penology of the Philippines. It aimed
to separate the agency from the national police, reporting directly to the Secretary of the
Interior and Local Government.
 In every region and province, the Jail Bureau operates and maintains a Provincial Jail
Administrator’s Office headed by a Provincial Administrator and regional offices headed
by Regional director, in which their job is to who oversees the implementation of jail
services of all district, city and municipal jails within its territorial jurisdiction. In large
cities or a group of clustered municipalities, a District Jail headed by a District Warden
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may be established. The City and Municipal Jails, each headed by a City or Municipal
Warden.