Control Engineering

BY:
MOHD AZLI BIN SALIM

LEVEL 6, KAMPUS INDUSTRI
azli@utem.edu.my
27-Feb-22 1
Control Engineering | BMCG 3223 | Assoc. Prof. Ir. Ts. Dr. Mohd Azli bin Salim, CEng. MIMechE
Definition of control systems
Basic components of control systems
Closed-loop control vs. open-loop control
Classification of control systems
Example of control systems
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What is Control Engineering?
Control engineering or control systems engineering is
an engineering discipline that applies control theory to design equipment and
systems with desired behaviors in control environments
The discipline of controls overlaps and is usually taught along with electrical
engineering and mechanical engineering at many institutions around the
world
The practice uses sensors and detectors to measure the output
performance of the process being controlled; these measurements are used
to provide corrective feedback helping to achieve the desired performance.
Systems designed to perform without requiring human input are
called automatic control systems (such as cruise control for regulating the
speed of a car)
Multi-disciplinary in nature, control systems engineering activities focus on

implementation of control systems mainly derived by mathematical
modeling of a diverse range of systems.
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MOHD AZLI BIN SALIM, CEng MIMechE
Control (UK), Ph.D., P.Tech
Engineering | BMCG 3223 | FakultiProf.
Assoc. Kejuruteraan Mekanikal,
Ir. Ts. Dr. Mohd Azli binUTeM
Salim, CEng. MIMechE
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A system is any collection of interacting
It’s can be elements for which there are cause and
effect relationships among the variables.
described
as: A control system is an interconnection of
components forming a system
configuration which will provide a desired
system response.
The objective of the control system is to

control the output variables in some
prescribe manner using the input variables,
through the elements of the control system.
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BASIC COMPONENTS OF
CONTROL SYSTEM
• A system is NORMALLY represented using block
diagram. Each/Every block diagram has input which
They are: effects the output of the components.
• A COMPONENT or SYSTEM may have more than one

input.
• An INPUT signal is represented by an arrow pointing

into the block and an output signals is represented by
an arrow pointing away from the block.
• Signal are also known as VARIABLES.
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EXAMPLE: BASIC COMPONENTS OF
CONTROL SYSTEM
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CONTROL SYSTEM
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CONTROL SYSTEM
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OPEN LOOP OF
CONTROL SYSTEM
In an open loop control system, the output has NO

EFFECT on the control action. The block diagram
contains one signal path from the input to the
output with no junctions.
A domestic oven is an example of an open loop

control system. The temperature of the oven
depends on the setting as well as other quantities
beyond the control of the operator such as ambient
temperature and efficiency of the heating element.
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SIMPLE EXAMPLE: OPEN LOOP OF
CONTROL SYSTEM
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SIMPLE EXAMPLE: OPEN LOOP OF
CONTROL SYSTEM
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CLOSED LOOP OF
CONTROL SYSTEM
A closed loop control system maintains a prescribed
What it relationship between the output and the reference input
by comparing them and using the difference as a
means: means of control. The controlled signal (assume Y) is
feedback and compared with the reference input and
an actuating signal is sent through the system to correct
the error. This system is known as FEEDBACK control
system.
The speed control of a motor cycle by a rider can be

considered as a closed loop control system where the
rider acts as the controller.
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SIMPLE EXAMPLE: CLOSED LOOP OF
CONTROL SYSTEM
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CONTROL SYSTEM
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CONTROL SYSTEM
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CLASSIFICATION LOOP OF
CONTROL SYSTEM
Importantly to
Translational
mechanical know:
system
Hydraulic Torsional
system mechanical
system Linear Non-Linear
They are system system
In BMCG
3223, only
focused on
Servo Electrical
Linear
mechanism system System
system
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BASIC TERMINOLOGY OF
CONTROL SYSTEM
Controlled variable
Quantity or condition that is measured and System
controlled. Is a combination of component that act
Manipulated variable together and perform certain objective.
Quantity or condition that is varied by the Disturbance
controller so as to affect the value of the Is a signal that tends to adversely affect that
controller variable. value of the output of a system. May internal
Plant or external.
To perform particular operation. It is the Feedback control
physical object to be controller such as Refers to an operation that in the presence of
mechanical devices, heating furnace and etc. disturbances, tends to reduce the difference
Process between the output of a system and some
Is any operation to be controlled. Process can reference input.
be chemical, economic and etc.
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EXAMPLE OF CONTROL SYSTEM
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Ship stabilization
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Boiler generator
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END OF WEEK 1 LECTURE
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Control Engineering

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Control Engineering

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BY:

MOHD AZLI BIN SALIM

Basic components of control systems

Closed-loop control vs. open-loop control

Classification of control systems

Example of control systems

Multi-disciplinary in nature, control systems engineering activities focus on

The objective of the control system is to

• A COMPONENT or SYSTEM may have more than one

• An INPUT signal is represented by an arrow pointing

• Signal are also known as VARIABLES.

In an open loop control system, the output has NO

A domestic oven is an example of an open loop

The speed control of a motor cycle by a rider can be

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