Work Breakdown Structure 

(WBS) is a tool for simplifying the complexity of a

particular task of a project. The task is broken down into smaller components that cannot
be divided further. This deliverable-oriented structure makes an activity manageable and
achievable to a greater extent

In the PMBOK, WBS is defined as “a deliverable-oriented hierarchical decomposition of

the work to be executed by the project team to accomplish the project objectives and
create the required deliverables."

This project management tool organizes the activities and lays down an outline or map
for a project. Extensive brainstorming has to be done to identify the various levels of
efficient WBS.

Purpose of Work Breakdown Structure

The purpose of using a Work Breakdown Structure for an activity is to:

1. Give a unique identity to each activity

2. Recognize the distinct nature of the broad activity
3. Estimate the time and cost required for an activity
4. Monitor and control the task
5. Portray the entire scope of the activity, all the deliverables, and milestones

Types of Work breakdown Structures

Work Breakdown Structure has two main types :
1. Phase-oriented WBS
2. Deliverable-oriented WBS

1. Phase-Oriented Work Breakdown Structure

The phase-oriented Work Breakdown Structure is also referred to as Verb-oriented,
Activity or Task-oriented, or Process-oriented WBS. The project deliverables are defined
in terms of actions to be taken to attain the final product. Example: test, design, transfer,
etc.
2. Deliverable-oriented Work breakdown StructureThe deliverable-oriented Work
Breakdown Structure is also known as Noun-oriented, Entity-oriented or Product-
oriented WBS. In this type of WBS, the functions or physical components that make up
the deliverable define the project work Example: Foundation, Design Engine, Module 1,
etc.

Cost breakdown, time-phased, profit-center, etc. are some other types of WBS.
Special Instructions to the Contractors/Bidders for the e-submission of the bids online through this
eProcurement Portal

1. Bidder should do Online Enrolment in this Portal using the option Click Here to Enroll available in the
Home Page. Then the Digital Signature enrollment has to be done with the e-token, after logging into the portal.
The e-token may be obtained from one of the authorized Certifying Authorities such as
eMudhraCA/GNFC/IDRBT/MtnlTrustline/SafeScrpt/TCS.

2. Bidder then logs into the portal giving user id / password chosen during enrollment.

3. The e-token that is registered should be used by the bidder and should not be misused by others.

4. DSC once mapped to an account cannot be remapped to any other account. It can only be Inactivated.

5. The Bidders can update well in advance, the documents such as certificates, purchase order details etc., under My
Documents option and these can be selected as per tender requirements and then attached along with bid
documents during bid submission. This will ensure lesser upload of bid documents.

6. After downloading / getting the tender schedules, the Bidder should go through them carefully and then submit
the documents as per the tender document, otherwise, the bid will be rejected.

7. The BOQ template must not be modified/replaced by the bidder and the same should be uploaded after filling the
relevant coulmns, else the bidder is liable to be rejected for that tender. Bidders are allowed to enter the Bidder
Name and Values only.

8. If there are any clarifications, this may be obtained online through the eProcurement Portal, or through the
contact details given in the tender document. Bidder should take into account of the corrigendum published before
submitting the bids online.

9. Bidder, in advance, should prepare the bid documents to be submitted as indicated in the tender schedule and
they should be in PDF/XLS/RAR/DWF formats. If there is more than one document, they can be clubbed together.

10. Bidder should arrange for the EMD as specified in the tender. The original should be posted/couriered/given in
person to the Tender Inviting Authority, within the bid submission date and time for the tender.
11. The bidder reads the terms and conditions and accepts the same to proceed further to submit the bids

12. The bidder has to submit the tender document(s) online well in advance before the prescribed time to avoid any
delay or problem during the bid submission process.

13. There is no limit on the size of the file uploaded at the server end. However, the upload is decided on the Memory
available at the Client System as well as the Network bandwidth available at the client side at that point of time. In
order to reduce the file size, bidders are suggested to scan the documents in 75-100 DPI so that the clarity is
maintained and also the size of file also gets reduced. This will help in quick uploading even at very low bandwidth
speeds.

14. It is important to note that, the bidder has to Click on the Freeze Bid Button, to ensure that he/she
completes the Bid Submission Process. Bids Which are not Frozen are considered as
Incomplete/Invalid bids and are not considered for evaluation purposes.

15. In case of Offline payments, the details of the Earnest Money Deposit(EMD) document submitted physically to the
Department and the scanned copies furnished at the time of bid submission online should be the same otherwise
the Tender will be summarily rejected

16. The Tender Inviting Authority (TIA) will not be held responsible for any sort of delay or the difficulties faced
during the submission of bids online by the bidders due to local issues.

17. The bidder may submit the bid documents online mode only, through this portal. Offline documents will not be
handled through this system.

18. At the time of freezing the bid, the eProcurement system will give a successful bid updation message after
uploading all the bid documents submitted and then a bid summary will be shown with the bid no, date & time of
submission of the bid with all other relevant details. The documents submitted by the bidders will be digitally
signed using the e-token of the bidder and then submitted.

19. After the bid submission, the bid summary has to be printed and kept as an acknowledgement as a token of the
submission of the bid. The bid summary will act as a proof of bid submission for a tender floated and will also act
as an entry point to participate in the bid opening event.

20. Successful bid submission from the system means, the bids as uploaded by the bidder is received and stored in
the system. System does not certify for its correctness.
 21. The bidder should see that the bid documents submitted should be free from virus and if the documents could not
be opened, due to virus, during tender opening, the bid is liable to be rejected

22. The time that is displayed from the server clock at the top of the tender Portal, will be valid for all actions of
requesting bid submission, bid opening etc., in the e-Procurement portal. The Time followed in this portal is as per
Indian Standard Time (IST) which is GMT+5:30. The bidders should adhere to this time during bid submission.

23. All the data being entered by the bidders would be encrypted at the client end, and the software uses PKI
encryption techniques to ensure the secrecy of the data. The data entered will not be viewable by unauthorized
persons during bid submission and not viewable by any one until the time of bid opening. Overall, the submitted
bid documents become readable only after the tender opening by the authorized individual.

24. During transamission of bid document, the confidentiality of the bids is maintained since the data is transferred
over secured Socket Layer(SSL) with 256 bit encryption technology. Data encryption of sensitive fields is also
done.

25. The bidders are requested to submit the bids through online eProcurement system to the TIA well before the bid
submission end date and time (as per Server System Clock).

Construction bidding is the process of submitting a tender by the contractor to the client
as a proposal to conduct or manage a particular construction project. The bidding process
is an incredibly important part of a construction project. This enables firms and
companies to hire contractors.

Construction Bidding Process

The basic construction bidding process involves:

1. The client or general contractors send bid invitations to the contractors or the subcontractors.
2. The contractors or the subcontractors receive the invitation that includes:
o Scope of Work
o Time of Completion
o Penalty
o Pre-Qualification Details
3. Contractors or Sub-Contractors download the tender document and review the project based
on their respective cost codes.
4. Contractors or Sub-Contractors submit their bid to the client or general contractor.
 5. The general contractor or client awards the bid to the subcontractors with a most competitive
bid and it is converted into a commitment.

Decisions in Construction Bidding Process

The three major decisions in the construction bidding process are:

1. The Project Delivery Method

2. The Procurement Method
3. The Contract Model
1. The Project Delivery MethodT here are four traditional project delivery
methods. They are:

1. Design-Bid-Build or Design Tender

2. Construction Management at Risk
3. Design-Build D-B
4. Integrated Project Delivery (IPD)
The four major project delivery systems mentioned above share the common goal of
helping the owners built new structures on time and on budget. These methods also
ensure quality and performance requirement

1. Design-Bid-Build or Design Tender

This is the traditional method and is commonly employed for the construction of non-
residential buildings, mainly under government projects. In a DBB method, the owner
hires a designer or an architect independently. This is performed by the contractor who is
managing the construction. Once the design is completed by the architect, bids are
solicited from the contractor by the owner so that the designs can be executed.

 The bid covers: Total cost of the building structure

 Money for the subcontractors
 General contractor’s costs
 Overhead costs
 Profit
Important advantages of DBB are:
  The Owner has a great control over the design and construction
 A high ease of implementation
 The cost of construction is easily determined as the architect provides a design before
awarding the contract

2. Construction Management at Risk (CMAR Method)

The CMAR method is an alternative to the DBB method that helps in reducing the costs.
In this method, design and construction are handled by different firms. Here the
construction manager is involved in the project from the start of project, even before the
design of the project. The CM can even help in choosing the architect for the project.
Once this step is done, the project is moved forward by the CM and the architect. They
work together during the design phase.

This method is mainly employed for complex projects. The CM is chosen by the owner
on the basis of his or her experience and qualifications and not on the basis of the lowest
price criterion. The bid of CM to the owner is a guaranteed maximum price (GMP). This
cost represents the:

 Pre-construction service
 Actual construction
 The Fee of Construction manager
 Possible Contingencies
After the completion of the design, the construction manager solicits the bids from the
contractors. If by chance, the actual costs exceeds the GMP , the risk is on the CM. And
this burden won’t be taken by the owner. If the project is built below GMP, the savings
received by the owner may be shared with the CM as per the agreement made between
them.

3. Design-Build D-B

In DB Method, the owner provides the contract to a single entity that can handle both the
design and construction. Here, one price covers both the phases of construction. This
entity is called a design-builder or design-build contractor. In DB, the design-builders is
accountable to the owner for all aspects of the project.

4. Integrated Project Delivery (IPD)

The IPD method is also called an Integrated team method. This is one of the newly
developed projects delivery methods. This method employs, owner, architect and
contractor as a team, and the risk is shared equally.

2. Construction Procurement Methods

After the selection of the project delivery method, the next step is to bother about the
procurement method through which the construction services are obtained. Construction
procurement is generally classified into:

1. Best Value Method (BVS)

2. Negotiated method
3. Sole Source or Direct Select
4. Low Bid

1. Best Value Source Method (BVS)

In this method, the buyers and the contractors are awarded the contract based on price
and performance. These records taken into consideration are past performance, robust
management approach, qualifications of the staff and other specific factors.

2. Negotiated Tendering

In this method, the contactors are selected without any form of advertising or competitive
bidding. A potential builder is chosen and negotiated with reference to the price and the
technical requirements. The contractor who makes a favorable proposal is taken into
consideration by the government. This proposal is not opened publicly.
3. Sole Source or Direct select

In this procurement method, a single source procurement method. This is a non-

competitive method that only uses a single provider who can fulfill all the requirements
of the project.

4. Low Bid or Lowest Bid

Competitive bidding with the lowest bidder is the principle behind the low bid
procurement method. This is one of the traditional procurement methods. Government
and public construction entities are built as per this procurement method

3. Contract Model
The contract format that is presented in the construction bidding process must be
carefully developed. The owner is supposed to suggest the type of contract he is willing
to make. The type of contract developed determines how cost and the profit are covered.
Top used contract types are:

1. Cost Plus Fee Contract

2. GMP Contract
3. Time and Material Contract
4. Fixed Price Contract
5. Lease Leaseback
PROCEDURE FOR SUBMISSION OF E-TENDER The bidders are required to submit soft copies of their bid

electronically on the e-Wizard Portal using valid Digital Signature Certificates. Below mentioned

instructions are meant to guide the bidders for registration on the e-Wizard Portal, prepare their bids in

accordance with the requirements and submit their bids online on the e-Wizard Portal. For more

information bidders may visit the e-Wizard Portal https://mhrd.euniwizarde.com/

1. REGISTRATION PROCESS ON ONLINE PORTAL

(a) Bidders to enroll on the e-Procurement module of the portal https://mhrd.euniwizarde.com/ by

clicking on the link “Bidder Enrolment”.

(b) The bidders to choose a unique username and assign a password for their accounts. Bidders are

advised to register their valid email address and mobile numbers as part of the registration process.

These would be used for any communication from the e-Wizard Portal.

(c) Bidders to register upon enrolment their valid Digital Signature Certificate (Class III Certificates with

signing and Encryption key) issued by any Certifying Authority recognized by CCA India with their profile.

(d) Only one valid DSC should be registered by a bidder. Please note that the bidders are responsible to

ensure that they do not lend their DSCs to others which may lead to misuse.

(e) Bidder then logs in to the site through the secured log-in by entering their user ID/password and the

password of the DSC / e-Token.

2. TENDER DOCUMENTS SEARCH

(a) Various built-in options are available in the e-Wizard Portal like organization name, value, location,

date, other keywords, etc. to search for a tender published on the Online Portal.

(b) Once the bidders have selected the tenders they are interested in, they may download the required

documents/tender schedules. These tenders can be moved to the respective ‘Interested tenders’ folder.
(c) The bidder should make a note of the unique Tender ID assigned to each tender, in case they want to

obtain any clarification/help from the Helpdesk.

3. BID PREPARATION (a) Bidder should take into account any corrigendum published on the tender

document before submitting their bids. (

b) Please go through the tender advertisement and the tender document carefully to understand the

documents required to be submitted as part of the bid.

(c) Please note the number of covers in which the bid documents have to be submitted, the number of

documents - including the names and content of each of the document that needs to be submitted. Any

deviations from these may lead to rejection of the bid.

(d) Bidder, in advance, should get ready the bid documents to be submitted as indicated in the tender

document/schedule and generally, they can be in PDF/XLS/PNG, etc. formats.

4. BID SUBMISSION (

a) Bidder to log into the site well in advance for bid submission so that he/she uploads the bid in time

i.e. on or before the bid submission time. Bidder will be responsible for any delay due to other issues.

(b) The bidder to digitally sign and upload the required bid documents one by one as indicated in the

tender document.

(c) Bidder to select the payment option as ONLINE to pay the EMD wherever applicable and enter details

of the instrument.

(d) A standard BoQ format has been provided with the tender document to be filled by all the bidders.

Bidders to note that they should necessarily submit their financial bids in the prescribed format and no

other format is acceptable.

(e) The server time (which is displayed on the bidders’ dashboard) will be considered as the standard

time for referencing the deadlines for submission of the bids by the bidders, the opening of bids, etc.

The bidders should follow this time during bid submission.

(f) All the documents being submitted by the bidders would be encrypted using PKI encryption

techniques to ensure the secrecy of the data, which cannot be viewed by unauthorized persons until the

time of bid opening.

(g) The uploaded tender documents become readable only after the tender opening by the authorized

bid openers.

(h) Upon the successful and timely submission of bids, the portal will give a successful bid submission

message & a bid summary will be displayed with the bid no., date & time of submission of the bid with

all other relevant details.

(i) The off-line tender shall not be accepted and no request in this regard will be entertained

whatsoever

5. ASSISTANCE TO BIDDERS

(a) Any queries relating to the tender document and the terms and conditions contained therein should

be addressed to the Tender Inviting Authority for a tender or the relevant contact person indicated in

the tender.

(b) Any queries relating to the process of online bid submission or queries relating to e-Wizard Portal, in

general, may be directed to the 24x7 e-Wizard Helpdesk.

6. The tender inviting authority has the right to cancel this e-tender or extend the due date of receipt of

the bid(s).
 7. The bid should be submitted in TWO COVER system through MHRD portal

(https://mhrd.euniwizarde.com/.)

8. The bidders should download the BoQ and Quote price for given items. After quoting the same

downloaded file should be uploaded.