NURSI

NGRESEARCHNOTES 

NURSI NGRESEARCH Cross-

sect
ionalr
esear
chdesign–dat
ais
purpose:Togainknowledget
hatwoul
dbe coll
ect
edatjustONEpointi
ntime.
usefulandbenefi
cial
formanypeopl
e.(
Pol
i
t
&Beck) Longi
tudi
naldesi
gns–col
l
ect
edatTWOor
MOREpointsinti
me.
TYPESOFQUANTI TATIVE
▪ Experi
mental(
true,
quasi,&pre- TYPEIERROR: whenanullhypothesi
sis
exper
imental
) rej
ected,ev
enthoughi
tisaccurate.(
fal
se-
▪ Non-exper
imental(
descri
pti
ve) posit
iveconcl
usi
on)

TYPESOFQUALI TATIVE TYPEIIERROR: whenanul l

hy pothesisi
s
▪ Casest udy–i n-
depthstudy(
personor accepted,eventhoughitisinaccurateor
group) actual
l
yf alse.(
fal
se-negat
iveconclusion)
▪ Phenomenol ogical–li
ves&experiences
ofpeople PRINCIPLESINRESEARCH
▪ Ethnographical–cult
ureofpeople ▪ Benefi
cence–" bei
nggood"
▪ Histor
ical–hi st
ori
calst
udy ▪ Respecttohumandi gni
ty
▪ Groundedt heory ▪ Justi
ce–" f
air
ness"
▪Informedconsent
VARIABLES
▪Independent–presumedCAUSE DEFI NITI
ONOFTERMS
▪ Dependent–pr
esumedEFFECT ▪ Theor eti
cal(conceptual
)–uni v
ersal
meani ngthatisattr
ibutedtoawor dor
LOGICALREASONI NG groupofwor dsandwhi chisunderstoodby
▪ Deductive–generaltospecif
ic manypeopl e.
▪Induct i
ve– speci
fictogeneral ▪ Oper ati
onal–det ai
ledexplanati
onofthe
Qual
itati
ve–usesinductivereasoni
ng technicalt
er msandmeasur ementsused
Quantit
ati
ve–deduct i
vereasoning duringdatacollecti
on.

Qual
it
ati
ve–mor
eonwordsandmeani
ngs CENTRALTENDENCY
Quant
it
ati
ve–mor
eonnumbersand ▪ mean–mostrel
iabl
eandstablest
udyof
st
ati
sti
cs. st
ati
sti
c.
▪ median–di
vi
desthedi
str
ibut
ionat50t
h
per
cent
il
e.
▪ mode–mostf
requentv
alue.

▪ Range–di stancebet weenthehi

ghest
andlowestscor es.
▪ Standarddev iati
on–measur est
he
spreadofscor es.
▪ Variance–av g.dist
anceofscoresonan
i
ntervalorrati
oscal efrom themeanin
squaredunits.

T-t
est–commonlyusedstat
ist
icalmet
hod
usertoexami
nethest
ati
scaldi
ffer
ence
between2means.

Chi-
square–descri
pti
vemeasureof
di
screpancyv
aluesbetweenobser
ved
fr
equencyandexpectedfr
equency
.

ANOVA–ani nf
erent
ial
stat
ist
icsmet
hod,
usedtocomparethemeansof2ormor e
groupsofpopul
ati
on.