ACME3L-M / ME (3A)

LOADED CHARACTERISTIC OF DC SHUNT GENERATOR

Experiment No. 2

GROUP NO. 5

Leader : DE VICENTE, ERWIN JOHN L.

Members: CABALLES, JEAN PAULINE N.
GAMIER, HANNAH JANE A.
HERBUELA, AIZ CEDRIC D.
HICBAN, SOPHIA NICOLE N.
JERUSALEM, CHRISTINA V.
MATABILAS, MAVERICK N.
PECAÑA, BREGELINE S.

Submitted by:
SN, NAME MI.

Submitted to:
ENGR. JUN A. TERESA

October 23, 2022

(Date of Submission)
 EXPERIMENT NO. 2
The Load Characteristic of a DC Shunt Generator

OBJECTIVE/S:
1. The objective of this activity is to study the load circuit
characteristic of a dc shunt generator.
2. Draw the internal characteristics and external characteristics
under different loading conditions.

SET-UP:

DATA:

Serial No. Current Voltage

1 1.2 220
2 2.8 212
3 3.2 208
4 3.6 205
5 5.5 200
6 7 195
7 8.1 189
8 10.2 184
9 11 179
10 12.7 176
GRAPH FOR THE DATA:

DISCUSSION:

A DC shunt generator has a field winding linked parallel to its armature

winding to have its terminal voltage travel across the generator. The field
winding possesses a high resistance due to the large number of fine wires
turned around it. This results in having a small amount of armature current
flow through the shunt field winding and the remaining will proceed to the
load. Before an external load is applied, the shunt generator is allowed to
build up its voltage making it possible to assess the internal and external load
characteristics.

In a permanent magnetic field, the conductor rotates when the prime

mover generates an input. As a result, when conductors are exposed to a
magnetic field, current will start to flow through them. A conductor rotating in a
magnetic field will produce an electromagnetic field (emf), according to
Faraday's Law of electromagnetic induction. Other mechanical devices get
their energy from this produced emf. the flow of current caused by the
alternating armature winding. The armature winding output is always
alternating, and the commutator converts the alternating current to direct
current. When the prime mover provides an input, the conductor rotates in a
permanent magnetic field, producing a direct current output in a shunt
generator.
 There are 3 causes of voltage drop, due to load, in the generator:
decrease in armature resistance, decrease brought on by armature reaction,
and reduction in field current due to a reduction armature due to 1 and 2.

The figure above represents the relation of terminal voltage to load current
and generated voltage to load current.

The AD curve represents the no-load voltage curve, while the internal
characteristic curve is shown by the AB curve. The No load voltage is
noticeably greater than the on-load generated emf. Hypothetically, the
induced emf should be independent of either the load current or the armature
current. But, so long as the load current increases, the armature current
correspondingly increases to meet the load demand. Due to the armature
reaction, the main flux pattern gets distorted. Therefore, there is a decrease in
the flux that connects with the armature conductors. This reduces the induced
emf.

On the other hand, the line AC exhibits the external characteristics of a

shunt DC generator. An external characteristic shows how terminal voltage
varies with the load current. The generated voltage has a lesser terminal
voltage due to the ohmic drop brought by the armature resistance. As a result,
the curve lies below the internal characteristic curve. The relation between the
load resistance and the load current is inversely proportional. As the load
resistance decreases, the load current increases as shown in the figure
above. However, the load current can rise to point C along with the decrease
in load resistance. From that point, it can’t get higher instead, it reverses. Any
drop in load resistance causes a reduction in current, which in turn causes the
external characteristic curve to revert, as seen by the dotted line, and
ultimately causes the terminal voltage to be zero. Yet, there is still voltage left
due to residual magnetism. Now, the terminal voltage decreases but the load
current increases. After a certain point, the high amount of load current and
increased ohmic drop will cause the terminal voltage to be significantly
reduced. Because of this drastic reduction, the load current drops even
though that time the load is high, or the load resistance is low. For this reason,
the machine’s load resistance must be maintained properly. The breakdown
point is the location where the machine produces the maximum current.

CONCLUSION:

At the end of the experiment, the objectives were obtained. The students
recognized the focus of the study wherein it discussed the properties of a dc
shunt generator’s load circuit. Although dc generators are not frequently used
these days, understanding how they operate is essential because it clarifies
how a separately excited dc motor can be used as an electric brake in modern
dc motor drives. Moreover, when an external driving force applies a set speed
to the motor, the motor transforms into a linear speed-to-voltage converter, or
dc generator, because this linear conversion process is reversible. The motor
then generates an EO output voltage. Since there is no current flowing through
the armature and no voltage drop in the armature circuit when the generator is
not loaded, the students were able to understand that the terminal voltage V is
equal to the generated voltage E g. As a result of a decrease in the armature
circuit and a drop brought on by the armature reaction, they were also able to
explain why the terminal voltage lowers although the speed of the generator is
kept constant when it is loaded.

Finally, the students hope to illustrate the internal and external properties
under various loading scenarios. They discovered that a DC shunt generator
may increase its voltage before introducing any external load to evaluate the
features of its internal and external loads.
REFERENCES:

1. To Study the Load Characteristics of DC shunt generator. (n.d.). Virtual

Labs. Retrieved October 22, 2022, from: http://vlabs.iitb.ac.in/vlabs-
dev/vlab_bootcamp/bootcamp/Sadhya/experiments/load-
characteristics-dc-shunt-iitr/theory.html
2. Daware, K. (n.d.). Characteristics Of DC Generators. Electricaleasy.
Retrieved October 22, 2022, from:
https://www.electricaleasy.com/2014/07/characteristics-of-dc-
generators.html
3. Load Characteristics of D.C. Shunt Generator. (n.d.). Electrival Live.
Retrieved October 22, 2022, from:
https://electricallive.com/2014/03/load-characteristics-of-dc-shunt.html#
4. Load Characteristics of D.C. Shunt Generator. (n.d.). uomustansiriyah.
Retrieved October 22, 2022, from:
https://uomustansiriyah.edu.iq/media/lectures/5/5_2021_01_25!
08_32_09_PM.pdf

5. Virtual Labs. (n.d.). Retrieved October 22, 2022, from

http://vlabs.iitb.ac.in/vlabsdev/vlab_bootcamp/bootcamp/Sadhya/experi
ments/load-characteristics-dc-shunt-iitr/theory.html