Practical Research 1 Sample2 1

Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Region IV-A CALABARZON
DIVISION OF BIÑAN CITY
P. Burgos St., Brgy. Sto. Domingo, City of Biñan, Laguna
LABAN PARA SA PANGARAP: PRESSURE AND STRESS OF BEING A

WORKING STUDENT
A Research Paper
Presented To
The Faculty of the Senior High School
Biñan Integrated National High School
Sto. Domingo, Biñan City, Laguna
In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the Subject
Practical Research 1
By
Alag, Marc Ernest Angelo Gabriel AC.

Amar, Pauline Joy D.
Capuz, Shiela Marie
Concepcion, Angel M.
Frejas, Ivy S.
Layacan, Carl John M.
Manrique, Charles David P.
Marce, Jomarie R.
Rivera, Shiela Mae P.
Tupaz, Chitao
Villareal, Dean Mark P.
July 2021
Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING
Introduction
The issue of education accessibility has been plaguing the Philippines for the longest time
now. Most families struggle to meet the excruciating demand of sending their children to school –
and actually have them finish it. With the Philippines as a developing country, this is not a rare
sight. Being a working student is a desperate response to this hunger for attainable education.
Majority of the Filipinos from middle-class down to those on the poverty line have once struggled
juggling a job and their academic responsibilities.
Furthermore, working students have come to be expected; otherwise, young people would
only seal their fate in the poverty they were born into. But poverty is not the only 'qualification' for
one to be a working student. One also needs to be doggedly determined and of solid personal
qualities to be able to face up to the challenge. A working student necessarily lives two lives all at
the same time - as worker and as student.
According to The Working Student (2016), Filipino students are struggling because they
have to meet the standards in their work so that they will not lose their job. Simultaneously, it is
important for the student to do well, too, in order to justify the hard-earned money spent in his or
her studies. Around 216,000 understudies in the Philippines are right now juggling school and
work, the most recent information from the Commission on Higher Education (CHED).
As stated to a major study from Walden University (2021), nearly 30% of high school
students are employed in a job for at least a portion of the school year. For many, working a job
provides spending money for a social life. Whereas, other students working to help the family make
ends meet or to save for college. Many studies show that the advantage of being working students
is they are more likely confident and possess better time-management skills than students who are
not employed. In addition to offering a paycheck, some independence, and satisfaction, a part-time
job can provide both training and experience.
As reported by Raychrudhury (2020), high school is a precious period in life when people
get to explore their interests and find out new parts of their identities. It consists of many steps that
lead towards finding a true calling or discovering something. By becoming a part-time student, they
can experience all of this while ensuring not overwhelmed by the transition to a new environment.
It can be a less stressful way to step into an unknown life phase.
In contradiction, experts agree that students who work more than 15 to 20 hours per week
often experience decreased school success, which can lead to dropping out entirely. Working long
hours can also limit opportunities to build friendships and explore interests that enhance intellectual
and emotional development.
In Rajeev Darolia’s study, there was a correlation between number of credits completed and
number of hours worked per week. This study states that 80 percent of students work at some point
in their undergraduate program and numbers of hours worked per week increases each year. Some
students take fewer credits due to work commitments. Part-time and full-time students tend to
spend less time studying (Darolia, 2014).
However, the continuing threats of the COVID-19 pandemic, students in the country were
forced to attend classes remotely. It enables the students to continue their studies, move up to the
next level, graduate, and seek employment amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. It serves as an open
door for the students who want to earn money while studying without too much conflict. Due to the
problems or concerns encountered, the researchers are motivated to conduct an explicit in-depth
study about the lived experience of the working students. The said study also aims to investigate
and identify student’s experiences while working under the new normal learning system.
Statement of the Problem
This research aimed at providing an in-depth description and understanding of the
experiences of Senior High School students who work while studying under the new normal
learning system. Specifically, this research answered two central questions:
1. What have the participants experienced in working while studying during pandemic?
2. How have the participants experienced working while studying during pandemic?
Scope and Delimitation
The study primarily focused on understanding and describing the lived experiences of Senior
High School students who work while studying. The researcher also created a correlation between
participants' perception of their experiences in managing the changes in the environment that they
are exposed to.
The participants of the study consisted of 12 students from Grade 11 and Grade 12 Senior
High School students of Biñan Integrated National High School who were enrolled during the
academic year 2020-2021. These students are struggling in studies because they have to meet the
standards in their work so that they will not lose their job (The working student, 2016).
Significance of the Study
The result of the research may help students on how they can be able to work while
focusing on their studies. Aside from that research may give them tips on how they can enhance
their time management skills.
The research could provide parents’ ideas about the hardship of being a working student
which may help them to assume working to provide the needs of their child.
The findings of the research may be an eye-opener for the teachers to see the difficulties of
the students who work while studying. Therefore, they can teach their students in maximizing their
time to avoid dropping out of school.
The result of the study may open the mind of the School Administrators to be more
understanding of the lived experiences of being a worker student thus may suggest them to give
consideration to their students.
The findings in the study may help the employer to understand the lives of student-worker.
Therefore, they might change something in their workplace that the students can fit. Moreover, this
study may help them to create tasks that may improve the skills and talents of every working
student that they employed.
The research may help the future researcher to use this research as a basis in their study as
well as they can get information and avail it as a same study.
The result of the research may satisfy the researcher in conducting this kind of research for
working students. Also, this research answers the puzzle questions in the mind of the researcher
thus fulfills their curiosity about this study.
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Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter reviews the related literature which support and give credence to the details of
this research. The researcher anchored this comprehensive study to different viewpoints and
perspectives to present a thorough treatment of the problem. Concepts, findings, theories, and
notions, from scholarly researches and articles related to the lived experienced of being a
working student are presented to provide an extensive background of the study and to justify the
researchers’ objective in undertaking it. This also provides a synthesis of related literature which
later on may be confirmed, negated, or improved by the new knowledge that this study provided.
State of the Art
The researcher presented both local and foreign literature and studies to provide a
comprehensive background of the problem under study. Concepts, findings, theories, and notions
from scholarly researches and articles presented was fortified, negated, or improved by the
additional knowledge that this study provided.
Lived Experiences of Working Students
Working does not just give an individual a firsthand experience in the field. However it
likewise empowers inventiveness and profitability in school, since working aides in building up a
superior comprehension of what is being instructed (Haqifa, 2013). In any case, a few specialists
have revealed that the additional time an understudy commits to work; the less the individual in
question has for all things considered scholastic or social exercises. This investigation tries to
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investigate the battles and challenges of understudies who study, simultaneously, work nearby.
Their confidence, scholastic execution, and time on the board are additionally considered,
regardless of whether these elements are influenced by their status as nearby working understudies.
Working as a student is possibly stressful because it requires juggling your social life,
family time, education, and work. Managing the tension that comes with being a working
undergrad and ensuring that you have at least one night off every week will reduce the stress levels
tenfold (Mitchell, 2016). In addition, Filipino students are suffering because they must follow work
expectations in order to keep their jobs and maintain academic success in order to avoid receiving a
failing grade.
Furthermore, students who choose to work while studying do so for a variety of reasons,
including financial concerns, life experiences, networking, and a variety of other factors. As the
cost of living and studying rises, students require more and more financial assistance to cover their
living and educational expenses. Caldwell (2017), believes that there are some huge advantages
that work gives to understudies are relatable working experience, time management abilities,
independence from obligation, and better scholarly execution. Working in a specific spot
additionally gives freedom to understudies to grow their informal organization. Nonetheless, when
understudies give their time as well as a lot to outside work, it can divert them from consideration,
cause them to feel lost en route, and exacerbate their scholarly presentation (Lucier, 2012).
According to the latest data from the Commission on Higher Education, about 216,000
students in the country are currently juggling school and job (CHED).This represents around 8% of
the country's total number of college students. Aside from their ordinary stretches as library and
examination collaborators, working understudies these days are fundamentally engaged with food
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administration, diversion, and deals. As indicated by CHED (2010), just 50% of the utilized
understudies can complete school, as many can't focus on their investigations, while others have
chronic frailty, and others surrender in light of monetary issues.
As numerous investigations proposed, in reality a mix of full-time contemplating and low
maintenance working can cause a harming impact on the physical and emotional well-being of
understudies. It can have an adverse consequence on scholastic execution (Hovdhaugen et al.,
2014). Also, there is evidence that the relationship between working hours and academic success is
not linear. In other words, both working long hours and not working at all can be associated with
poorer academic performance (Hovdhaugen, et al., 2013).
As mentioned by Kavarra, (2013) tracked down that an increment in the quantity of
full-time understudy who are utilized can be ascribed to want to limit credits and obligations.
Understudies wanted to restrict their getting and in this way procure a greater amount of the
educational cost. It likewise accepted that such a demeanor mirrors the capacities of difficult work
and assurance in individuals, which are characteristics that each firm for the most part searches for.
Whether it is about financial considerations or future employability prospects, Alli (2010)
emphasized that the combination of working and studying together is the key to success and the
pillar on which one's future and career is built.
Reasons to Work While Studying
There are many college and high school students who are also a worker. Every day, they
work two jobs: as students and as employees of an institution or corporation. Because of the
complexities in balancing those things, it is often considered risky to run them together. However,
there are several reasons why student-workers bravely continue to work rather than concentrating
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solely on their studies (Pratiwi, 2015).
The first justification is to assist parents in meeting the tuition costs and needs of
student-workers. It is widely accepted that obtaining a higher education level is difficult today since
each student must spend a significant amount of money to fund their studies. Furthermore, not all
students come from a wealthy family (Pratiwi, 2015).
According to upstartHR arcticle (2019), the second reason is to enrich valuable experiences.
Since one of the things today's employers look for is experience. Furthermore, a proverb states that
“experience is the greatest teacher.” In the other words, by having a lot of experiences in various
circumstances, people, including working students, will be easier to survive in their real lives
(Riani, 2011).
The third factor is to earn a time management skills. Since time management is one of the
most difficult tasks that today's student’s face. In high school and college, there are many ways to
waste time. It is common for students to miss assignments or spend too much time chatting with
friends. On the other hand, students who have employment are far more time-conscious and
responsible. They learned which activities are most important and the quickest ways to adapt to life
outside of school (upstartHR arcticle, 2019).
In summary, there are three major explanations why student-workers bravely take the risk of
working rather than concentrating solely on their studies. These three factors are to cover school
fees and living costs, to broaden their experience, and to improve their time management skills.
Working students, on the other hand, are still students. They have a primary responsibility to
concentrate on their studies because that is why they went to school in the first place. As time
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passes, the student-workers may become more exhausted as a result of juggling both studying and
working, but this is the price they must pay. In short, it is important to strike a balance between
studying and working. The student-workers can easily enjoy such things as long as they have a
commitment to them (Pratiwi, 2015).
Advantage of Being Working Students
A working student is someone who works and studies at the same time. It necessitates a
significant amount of effort and time. Thus, working students must study in the morning and work
in the evening, or vice versa, and this forces them to consider any situation. Hence, the most
popular benefit of working as a student is that it teaches someone how to handle time and be more
efficient because every second counts (Brooks, 2019).
Academics and work are not mutually exclusive. Students told to go to college and get a
good job afterward, and know plenty of people who manage to juggle a part-time job with for
studies. As stated in the Daughters of Africa (2019) Article, making money is one of the reasons
that students in high school or college take on work. For others, the money they receive from jobs
is the main source of education funding. Therefore, students who work have the opportunity to
themselves whether in school allowance and personal needs.
According to the OZ assignments articles, working as a student has both advantages and
disadvantages in terms of daily life. Further, education has become a critical component of one's
personality in today's changing environment. Also, Education aids in the development of a person's
character. Additionally, working alongside studies may aid in the development of a strong
character. It aids in the formation of new relationships that can be used in the future. These job
references may be used in a person's resume. It will not only improve students’ odds of having the
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same profile job, but it will also improve overall impression (OZ Assignments, 2020).
As stated by Zambas (2019), it seems that working while learning is a complete pain. Yet
after attending classes for over eight hours a day, the last thing that a person wants to do is commit
themselves to a four-hour shift, but there are many benefits of working a part-time job as a student.
For instance, students who work are more likely don’t have to worry about financial attribution like
basic essentials and school allowance. As well as students who earn money are taught how to invest
wisely. They will be less likely to waste hard-earned money on unnecessary purchases and instead
learn to postpone gratification in order to compensate for essentials including textbooks and rent.
They will save for non-essential expenses, such as a vehicle, at the same time.
Moreover, taking on a part-time job while pursuing a degree is difficult. However, the
rewards are always worth more than the salary. Since they must apply their time-management skills
in daily lives, students who work during college careers can learn better time-management skills
than ordinary students. As mentioned by Cunha (2018), students who work part-time can earn
more money than they would if they did not. Earning an income as they enter adulthood will
improve self-esteem and encourage having some fun inside the confines of paychecks. Aside from
that, some students must work during the school day in order to pay for school tuition fee. While,
others will save the money to pay off their student loans. Nonetheless, the funds will be used as
they see fit.
Disadvantage of Being a Working Student
Working students appreciate the challenges, responsibilities, and personal fulfillment that
come with becoming a respected employee. Working from a young age looks great on a resume
because it demonstrates maturity, dependability, and target orientation to employers (Dowd, 2019).
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Meanwhile, managing time and having the energy to do two things at once is extremely difficult.
Taking online classes and working at the same time can have many disadvantages (Alvarez, 2020).
One of the most significant drawbacks of working while studying is the potential for stress
and fatigue (Dowd, 2019). Working alongside their studies provides opportunities, but it can also
raise their stress level. There are days when student-workers have to do so much work, which
makes it difficult for a student to focus on his studies (OZ Assignments, 2020).
Simultaneously, a part-time job can be less of a benefit and more of a distraction for the
typical student (Dowd, 2019). Working and studying take up a lot of the time. It can cause to
working students to lose focus on their studies, which can lead to a variety of problems. Working
under stress can also lead to a variety of health problems (OZ Assignments, 2020).
Thus, working students might experience lack of concentration. Considering all aspects of
working together, there can be times when students have deadlines and tests at the same time.
Perhaps they can pay attention to their studies, but their work will pile up, which is unprofessional
(OZ Assignments, 2020).
Lastly, it can lead to bad grades. Working requires time, which interferes with student’s
primary goal in life, namely, their studies. That might result to lower grades and means of failure in
studying. Student-workers might experience mood swings as a result of their failure to pay
attention to both (OZ Assignments, 2020).
Working part-time has a number of advantages and disadvantages. Every story has two
sides, so if students decide to work part-time, they should carefully consider both the benefits and
drawbacks. Since each person has their own set of priorities, it is up to them to decide whether to
work full-time or part-time. A simple reminder to student-workers is to be content and enjoy
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whatever they do, no matter what they choose (Reddy, 2021).
Time Management
Time management can be a challenge when a person is juggling many tasks. When an
individual is balancing work and education, time management can be difficult. Managing time in
professional and academic lives is no easy task, particularly when people have additional
commitments vying for time. The problem is not a lack of time— it is how people manage that time
that matters the most (Cooper, 2020).
Nevertheless, the good news is that time management is not about seeking more hours in the
day; rather, it is about making the most of the ones person already have. Building study time into an
already hectic schedule necessitates meticulous preparation and strategy; however it is possible
(Time Management for Working Students, 2019).
In addition, good time management is linked to improved academic performance and lower
anxiety levels in students (Adams, 2019). Also, realistic time management and organization
techniques can improve productivity and quality of life (Jackson. 2010).
Therefore, working students must create their schedule. It will help student-workers to feel
more in charge to their tasks and learn how maximize time for it (RMIT Online, 2018). This will
offer student-workers a better idea of what they are up to when it comes to scheduling study time
and taking care of other duties. This seemingly basic piece of advice may be overlooked due to its
simplicity, but it is one of the most important things anyone can do; simply adhere to the schedule
that created as closely as possible (Cooper, 2020).
Furthermore, working student should know right away that school comes first. This means
that working students can begin their time management plan by addressing the school schedule.
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Examine their calendar to ensure that all relevant school dates are noted (McVicker, 2018).
Subsequently, working students must be realistic. Since unexpected events may occur at
work, they can miss a deadline due to other obligations. But working students should justify their
condition to school’s officers. They recognize that the majority of online students are also juggling
jobs, so they are sympathetic and willing to help (RMIT Online, 2018).
Lastly, student- workers should learn to sacrifice. They work hard and deserve to unwind
and relax, whether it is by tuning out and watching a few episodes of their favorite TV shows or
taking a long bath. It is essential part of succeeding, particularly to avoid burnouts (Cooper, 2020).
Physical and Mental Well-being of Working Students
Being a student is difficult enough, but juggling school work and other commitments when
suffering from mental illness can be much more difficult. However, half of all full-time college
students work outside of the classroom. Aside from that, when it comes to part-time students, this
figure rises to 80%. According to one report, 70% of students are concerned about their financial
situation. Therefore, many students struggle to balance and prioritize the various aspects of their
lives, with work, school, hobbies, and friends all vying for their attention (Mental Health America,
2021).
According to the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI), one out of every five
teenagers aged 13 to 18 has a mental health problem and 75 percent of people with mental illnesses
experience them before the age of 24. Mental health issues can be crippling and frightening,
prompting some students to withdraw rather than seek support. Students, guardians, and educators
are on the lookout for new ideas. As well as students first recognize a mental health problem in
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themselves, they are always afraid of not being able to find out where it came from.
Moreover, working part-time is necessary for many students for a variety of reasons,
including paying off debts, gaining experience and exposure to various working environments, and
even earning some extra cash. While working part-time while a full-time student has advantages
such as gaining experience and earning income, it also has disadvantages. Also, many students
struggle to balance their academic and social lives, which could be a contributing factor to mental
health issues. Adding one's work life to the equation will quickly exacerbate these difficulties.
As mentioned by Karik (2020), being working students can affect one’s mental health
because it is difficult to maximize time management in school, in other commitments, and in part
time jobs. Thus studying and working at the same time can be overwhelming. Particularly if one's
responsibilities as a student and a worker cannot be met. Hence, students' energy levels, attention,
dependability, mental ability, and optimism can all be affected by mental health issues, resulting in
poor results. According to research, depression is linked to lower grade point averages, and
co-occurring depression and anxiety may exacerbate this connection.
As indicated On the American College Health Association (2015) survey, university
students identified the following intellectual fitness issues as having a negative effect on their
academic success in the previous year. Thirty percent of college students are stressed, and 22
percent are likely to be anxious right now. 30% of college students are experiencing strain and 22%
right here is probably experiencing Anxiety. Just introduced the proportion of these college students
who are experiencing Sleep problems and worst lead to Depression.
Furthermore, working while studying can be stressful because it necessitates balancing
social life, family time, school, job, and healthy lifestyle. Despite the fact that students who work
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while studying have less time to look after themselves, an unhealthy diet (high levels of saturated
fat, refined carbohydrates, and processed food) is related to poorer mental health, according to a
systematic study conducted by O'Neil et al. (2014). In addition, the high level of stress is not good
for students' health. Regardless of the rising rate of anxiety, depression, and other mental health
issues on college campuses across the country is no longer good for students as stated by the
Mental Health of America (MHA).
Pressure and Stress
Stress is an unavoidable aspect of high school. Stress is beneficial because it motivates
students to conquer obstacles. However, too much tension may have a negative effect on a student's
mind and body, leading to a number of problems (The Haven at College, 2019). It's a dynamic but
immediate reaction that everyone has to deal with on a daily basis. It's also something that
Americans have struggled with statistically for years, and recent research shows that teens are the
ones carrying the biggest loads—and it's taking a serious toll (McDowell, 2017).
Students are subjected to a variety of stressors. It is possible to get exhausted when going
through difficult academic courses and juggling schedules, as well as taking care of a family and a
career in between (The University of Arizona Global Campus, 2020).
However, students who try to balance studying and working, suffer psychological and
physical consequences. When they work and go to school, stress is a major setback for them, and it
has an impact on their academic success. Pressure was discovered to be the primary cause of
emotional and physical exhaustion in a study involving 225 working students (Chang et al., 2015).
Furthermore, according to St. Amour (2020), almost 70% of people missed classes,
activities, study groups, and team meetings due to their work. Another 71% said they had missed at
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least one thing because of work, such as meeting with a professor, engaging in a campus program,
or getting tutorial help. Lastly, 63 percent of respondents said they are stressed out as a result of this
challenging balance, and 40% said they have considered dropping out of college.
As a result, excessive academic stress can lead to a rise in the occurrence of psychological
and physical problems like depression, anxiety, nervousness, and stress-related disorders, both of
which can have a negative effect on their academic performance and employment status (Thakkar,
2018).
It is critical to recognize and accept that certain aspects of a student's schedule, especially
class times and workdays, will be rigid. Working students, on the other hand, can use PTO,
changing shifts, and have flexible hours to complete their homework. Working students should
anticipate late-night tasks, unwanted work demands, and other unforeseen circumstances. It's
impossible to avoid the stress that comes with having dual responsibilities as a student and an
employee (FNU, 2019).
Parent's Responsibility To Their Child
Children have the right to be healthy, to be loved, to be taught, to receive medical treatment,
and to be shielded from cruelty and violence. Parents have the duty to protect their children’s rights
until they are old enough to make their own way in the world (Communities and Justice, 2019).
According to Brooks (2019), parents play a crucial role in developing every detail in the
children’s lives. According to the National Coalition for Parent Involvement in Education,
“students with active parents are more likely to have higher grades and test scores, attend school
regularly, have better social skills, display improved attitudes, and respond well to school,
regardless of their income or background.” This means that their children's education is heavily
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influenced by the encouragement they receive from them (Brooks, 2019).
However, parents' responsibilities in education extend beyond just bringing their children to
and from the bus stop in a safe manner. Research shows that parental engagement in education
contributes to greater student achievement and trust, according to the National PTA (2019).
In an article written by Delgado (2019), parental engagement is critical for student success
and provides several benefits. This is confirmed by a study from Johns Hopkins University (2019),
which claims that effective contact between parents and teachers reduces student absenteeism by
24%. Furthermore, it improves students' academic achievement and classroom attitudes, and the
ability to sustain this brings benefits to people of all ages.
Additionally, it is the duty of every parent to conform to the basic necessities of life,
including food, clothing, and shelter. They are responsible for the growth and development of their
children and ensure that they are able to reach their desires and goal in life by showing their
parental support to whatever path that they take (The Gufford Law Firm, 2021).
Teachers’ Views on Working Students
Teachers frequently make do with what they have and are content with whatever credit they
are given. Besides, teachers are not in it for the money or the fame. They simply want to be
recognized for making a difference. Teachers' roles are difficult, but there are a number of things
that others can do to help them. Aside from that, teachers expect a variety of things from students,
parents, administrators, other teachers, and the community at large (Meador, 2019).
Most high school students in the United States are working part-time or full-time. While
there is a large body of research on the relationship between youth work and individual academic
and socioeconomic outcomes, little is known about how schools and teachers have reacted
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to students’ increased work involvement. Additionally, the effect of student work on classroom
organization and success, as well as teachers' perspectives on working high school students, were
examined.
Teachers' attitudes and actions toward working students are shaped by school
characteristics, teacher and personal experiences, and context characteristics, according to a mail
survey sent to 311 educators. Depending on the results, teachers are concerned about student jobs,
yet there is no evidence that they alter their classroom actions to accommodate working students.
They found a few positive results as well as a few negative effects of working on students'
classroom success and actions (PsycINFO Database Record, 2016).
Educators often concentrate on increasing parental involvement, but student engagement is
just as important. Also, when it comes to learning to read, the more self-motivated a student is, the
better prepared they would be to achieve future full potential. In addition, students who have
previously had unpleasant relationships with adults may have had difficulty trusting teachers. Thus,
building positive teacher-student relationships is one of the strongest ways to promote this
(Wordford Org., 2019).
According to Wordford Org article (2019), the teacher's impact on students will linger long
after the school year has ended. Aside from that, if a student has a meaningful relationship with the
teacher, they are more likely to develop similar relationships in the future. These relationships must
be nurtured in school because they will provide students with the encouragement and help they
need to develop and thrive.
Furthermore, teachers will be present to ensure that students are taught and schools reopen,
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which is important for economic recovery, based on previous experience. Policymakers and
educational leaders will need to collaborate to ensure that teachers have the working environments
and resources they need to fulfill vital positions as educators, which will take on new meaning in
the wake of the pandemic (Garcia et al., 2020).
Therefore, when assessing working students, teachers took into account a variety of
personal experiences. Teachers' views of working students are influenced by the years of teaching
experience and the experience as a parent of a working teenager.
Roles and Responsibilities of Employers to Working Students
Taking a job is not a matter of choice for some students, particularly those from historically
underserved communities. They must work in order to save for college or to supplement family's
income. So the value of balance is a key point that students should remember. When working
interferes with completing schoolwork, engaging in extracurricular activities, spending time with
family and friends, or having enough sleep, therefore working may not be a good choice
(CollegeBoard, 2021).
As stated in a major study from the Students Employment Office BU (2021), Getting a
work entails making a commitment. Students are expected to: Create a job schedule that does not
conflict with classes. Also, make changes in work schedule or other obligations that will affect
work availability should be communicated to the boss in advance. As well as, Take the work
seriously and perform to the best of abilities. Treat the boss and co-workers with decency etc.
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Additionally, there is a law that supports the working students. RA No. 9547, An Act
Amending Act No. 10917, An Act Amending Act No. 9547, An Act Amending Act No (Special
Program for Employment of Students) “Participating employers must notify their SPES workers of
their rights, benefits, and privileges under current regulations, company policies, and job contracts,
in coordination with the PESO.” as claimed by The Salma Angkaya-Kuhutan Law Office
(SAKLAW, 2016).
Victoria State Government Article (2019), stated that the primary duty of an employer is to
ensure that the workplace is safe and that no one working in or visiting the workplace is exposed to
or injured by the job. Furthermore, the employer is required to: Ensure the work areas, machinery,
and equipment are in good working order. Plus organize secure working methods.
Aside from that, employees should be given information, guidance, training, and
supervision so that they can function safely. Further, ascertain that workers are mindful of any
possible risks. And lastly, where hazards cannot be avoided, include protective clothing and
equipment to the employees.
Synthesis of Reviewed Related Literature
As the researchers conceptualized the study, the aforementioned related literature and
studies which have been conscientiously organized and presented served as their guide. The aim for
conducting the study as Haqifa (2013) said that working does not just give an individual a firsthand
experience in the field, it likewise empowers inventiveness and profitability in school, since
working aides in building up a superior comprehension of what is being instructed. However,
Mitchell (2016) assumes that managing the tension that comes with being a working undergrad and
ensuring that you have at least one night off every week will reduce the stress levels tenfold. As
21
well as Caldwell (2017), believes that there are some huge advantages that work gives to
understudies are relatable working experience, time management abilities, independence from
obligation, and better scholarly execution. Nonetheless, when understudies give their time as well
as a lot to outside work, it can divert them from consideration, cause them to feel lost en route, and
exacerbate their scholarly presentation (Lucier, 2012). As numerous investigations proposed, in
reality a mix of full-time contemplating and low maintenance working can cause a harming impact
on the physical and emotional well-being of understudies. It can have an adverse consequence on
scholastic execution (Hovdhaugen, et al., 2014). Also, there is evidence that the relationship
between working hours and academic success is not linear. In other words, both working long hours
and not working at all can be associated with poorer academic performance (Hovdhaugen, et al.,
2013).
Furthermore, there are several reasons why student-workers bravely continue to work rather
than concentrating solely on their studies (Pratiwi, 2015). The first justification is to assist parents
in meeting the tuition costs and needs of student-workers. Besides, not all students come from a
wealthy family (Pratiwi, 2015). According to upstartHR article (2019), the second reason is to
enrich valuable experiences. In other words, by having a lot of experiences in various
circumstances, people, including working students, will be easier to survive in their real lives
(Riani, 2011). Lastly, the third factor is to earn time management skills (upstartHR article, 2019).
According to the OZ assignments articles (2020), working as a student has both advantages
and disadvantages in terms of daily life. Further, making money is one of the reasons that students
in high school or college take on work. For others, the money they receive from jobs is the main
22
source of education funding. Therefore, students who work have the opportunity to themselves
whether in school allowance and personal needs (Daughters of Africa, 2019).
In contrast, a part-time job can be less of a benefit and more of a distraction for the typical
student (Dowd, 2019). Working and studying take up a lot of the time. It can cause working
students to lose focus on their studies, which can lead to a variety of problems. Working under
stress can also lead to a variety of health problems (OZ Assignments, 2020).
As stated by Adams (2019), good time management is linked to improved academic
performance and lower anxiety levels in students. Also, realistic time management and organization
techniques can improve productivity and quality of life (Jackson. 2010). Therefore, working
students must create their schedule and it will help student-workers to feel more in charge of their
tasks and learn how to maximize time for it (RMIT Online, 2018).
In addition, being a student is difficult enough, but juggling school work and other
commitments when suffering from mental illness can be much more difficult. According to one
report, 70% of students are concerned about their financial situation. Therefore, many students
struggle to balance and prioritize the various aspects of their lives, with work, school, hobbies, and
friends all vying for their attention (Mental Health America, 2021). As mentioned by Karik (2020),
being working students can affect one’s mental health because it is difficult to maximize time
management in school, in other commitments, and in part time jobs thus studying and working at
the same time can be overwhelming. Despite the fact that students who work while studying have
less time to look after themselves, an unhealthy diet (high levels of saturated fat, refined
carbohydrates, and processed food) is related to poorer mental health, according to a systematic
23
study conducted by O'Neil et al. (2014).
As indicated in the study of The Haven at College, (2019) that Stress is beneficial because it
motivates students to conquer obstacles. However, too much tension may have a negative effect on
a student's mind and body, leading to a number of problems. Additionally, students are subjected to
a variety of stressors. It is possible to get exhausted when going through difficult academic courses
and juggling schedules, as well as taking care of a family and a career in between (The University
of Arizona Global Campus, 2020). Yet, Pressure was discovered to be the primary cause of
emotional and physical exhaustion in a study involving 225 working students (Chang et al., 2015).
Moreover, parents have the duty to protect their children’s rights until they are old enough to
make their own way in the world (Communities and Justice, 2019). Nevertheless, parents'
responsibilities in education extend beyond just bringing their children to and from the bus stop in a
safe manner. Research shows that parental engagement in education contributes to greater student
achievement and trust, according to the National PTA (2019).In an article written by Delgado
(2019), parental engagement is critical for student success and provides several benefits. This is
confirmed by a study from Johns Hopkins University (2019), which claims that effective contact
between parents and teachers reduces student absenteeism by 24%. Moreover, it improves students'
academic achievement and classroom attitudes, and the ability to sustain this brings benefits to
people of all ages.
Along with the result of a mail survey sent to 311 educators, teachers are concerned about
student jobs, yet there is no evidence that they alter their classroom actions to accommodate
working students. They found a few positive results as well as a few negative effects of working on
students' classroom success and actions (PsycINFO Database Record, 2016). Consequently, when
24
assessing working students, teachers took into account a variety of personal experiences. Teachers'
views of working students are influenced by the years of teaching experience and the experience as
a parent of a working teenager.
The latter part of the literature review explained the roles and responsibilities of Employers
to Working Students, to which this study is anchored, as initially proposed by the CollegeBoard,
(2021) and further elaborated by the Students Employment Office BU (2021), with reference to the
studies of the Salma Angkaya-Kuhutan Law Office (SAKLAW, 2016), and Victoria State
Government Article (2019).
Gaps Bridged by the Present Study
From the review of the related literature and studies formerly presented in this chapter, it
was found out that even though the pressure and stress of being a working student have been the
subject of several researchers for decades, most of which emphasize the struggles of being a
working student and its effect to academic achievement, there was a scarcity of studies that
explained the phenomenon especially with the newly introduced Senior High School in the
Philippines as the scope of the research. This study attempted to address this gap by focusing on the
adjustments made by the students during work time, as well as the effect of working on the new
curriculum in terms of providing an in-depth understanding of the students' lived experiences.
25
Chapter 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the method of research to be utilized in this study, the participants,
the sampling technique used, the instrument, research locale, together with the procedure
analysis.
Research Design
The study would use the descriptive survey research design. It is an exploratory or
interrogative research, which aims to go underneath the surface. Further, it aims to learn more
26
about how the participants live, what they do, how they utilize things, and what they require in their
daily or professional lives (Government Design Service Manual, 2016). As well as, it is a scientific
way of gathering non-numerical data through observation. This form of research is concerned with
the "meanings, conceptions, definitions, traits, metaphors, symbols, and descriptions of things,"
rather than the "counts or measures" of those things (Moltzau, 2019). This research will answer
what and how a certain phenomenon occurs rather than how often. Overall, this study will deal with
the live experiences of working students as participants.
Participants of the Study
The participants of the study consisted of 12 Senior High School students of Biñan
Integrated National High School, who have part time and full time jobs while studying. The
participants were selected utilizing a purposeful availability sampling strategy which involves
selecting a sample from the population because it is accessible. That is to say, individuals are
selected for the research not because they meet some statistical criterion, but because they are
readily available (Ochoa, 2017). Additionally in accessibility, Frey (2018) this accessibility is
normally measured in terms of geographical proximity (e.g., students at the researcher's own or
neighboring colleges), but it may also include other factors such as established contacts. In contrast
to probability sampling, non-probability sampling is a sampling process in which not all members
of the population have an equal chance of participating in the sample. Thus, every individual in the
population has an equal chance of being chosen.
Data Gathering Procedure
27
In this section, will state the sequence on how the researchers will gather the data. Initially,
the researchers used letters or emails to obtain permission from the respondents, which were
allowed by the authorities. The respondents in this study are senior high school students in grades
11 and 12 who are working students from various strands and sections. The researchers will
perform an interview with the participants via video call or voice message after gaining access, and
the participants will answer a few questions that the researchers have prepared for them. This
strategy was chosen by the researchers to avoid personal interaction due to the corona virus.
Finally, the information gathered from a sample of survey respondents is comprehensive
information obtained from a target population, and the surveys were reviewed, counted, and
evaluated after the respondents' participation.
Instrumentation and Validation
In gathering data, the researchers utilized open ended interview questions in which the
participants can answer their lived experiences on the phenomenon. The interview questions are
divided into two parts: Part 1 covered the textural questions (what the participants experienced) and
Part 2 covered the structural questions (how the participants experienced the phenomenon).
28
Interview Questions:
1. What is your job and what are the common problems you're facing in your work?
2. What are the things that urged you to work while continuing your studies?
3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of being a working student?
4. How pressure and stress affects your both commitment?
5. How do you cope with the stress and pressure you are facing right now?
6. How do you manage your time between working and studying amidst the pandemic?
7. How do you maintain your health while handling hardships of being a working student?
8. How this situation helps you grow as a students and a worker?
9. What education system makes it easier for you to manage your work and study at the same
time, is it traditional (face to face) or new normal (online distance learning)? Explain.
10. What are the advices that you can give to someone who is planning to be a working
student?
Treatment and Analysis of Data
We treated and analyzed the data gathered from the online interviews using Allen (2017),
approach. To begin with, we did bracketing, a method of reducing the negative impacts of
assumptions that could contaminate the research process (Tufford and Newman, 2010). The
following step was horizontalization, which involved reading the interview transcriptions
thoroughly and highlighting key points. Further, clusters of meaning were generated from the
relevant statements and utilized to produce a textural and structural description (what the
29
participants experienced) (how the participants experienced the phenomenon). From the structural
and textural descriptions, we wrote a composite description that presents the “essence” of the
participants’ experience in working while studying in the midst of a pandemic. In Addition, we
took the final stage, verification from the participants, after describing the broad "essence" of the
phenomenon under investigation. We met with the participants once again and gave them a hard
copy of the verbatim transcriptions of their responses as well as how they were interpreted. This
allowed the participants to go through their answers again and make any required changes or
clarifications.
Ethical Considerations
In concluding the study, ethical considerations, especially in terms of informing and seeking
permission from the participants, were taken into account. First, we requested permission to Mr.
Allen Montillano, our research adviser, to check the potential harmful impact and risk of the study
to the participants. Written consent was secured to the respective participants to be interviewed. As
to assure the participants of absolute confidentiality, each of them were asked to sign a consent
form prior to the video-recorded interview. Likewise the written consent informed him/her to
withdraw from the study at any time.
References
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Republic of the Philippines

LABAN PARA SA PANGARAP: PRESSURE AND STRESS OF BEING A

Alag, Marc Ernest Angelo Gabriel AC.

juggling a job and their academic responsibilities.

the same time - as worker and as student.

job can provide both training and experience.

As reported by Raychrudhury (2020), high school is a precious period in life when people

It can be a less stressful way to step into an unknown life phase.

and emotional development.

spend less time studying (Darolia, 2014).

Statement of the Problem

This research aimed at providing an in-depth description and understanding of the

learning system. Specifically, this research answered two central questions:

Scope and Delimitation

are exposed to.

Significance of the Study

their time management skills.

time to avoid dropping out of school.

consideration to their students.

student that they employed.

well as they can get information and avail it as a same study.

thus fulfills their curiosity about this study.

State of the Art

additional knowledge that this study provided.

Lived Experiences of Working Students

chronic frailty, and others surrender in light of monetary issues.

As numerous investigations proposed, in reality a mix of full-time contemplating and low

understudies. It can have an adverse consequence on scholastic execution (Hovdhaugen et al.,

poorer academic performance (Hovdhaugen, et al., 2013).

As mentioned by Kavarra, (2013) tracked down that an increment in the quantity of

Whether it is about financial considerations or future employability prospects, Alli (2010)

pillar on which one's future and career is built.

Reasons to Work While Studying

solely on their studies (Pratiwi, 2015).

students come from a wealthy family (Pratiwi, 2015).

outside of school (upstartHR arcticle, 2019).

commitment to them (Pratiwi, 2015).

Advantage of Being Working Students

efficient because every second counts (Brooks, 2019).

themselves whether in school allowance and personal needs.

personality in today's changing environment. Also, Education aids in the development of a person's

they see fit.

Disadvantage of Being a Working Student

(OZ Assignments, 2020).

attention to both (OZ Assignments, 2020).

work full-time or part-time. A simple reminder to student-workers is to be content and enjoy

whatever they do, no matter what they choose (Reddy, 2021).

that matters the most (Cooper, 2020).

(Time Management for Working Students, 2019).

techniques can improve productivity and quality of life (Jackson. 2010).

that created as closely as possible (Cooper, 2020).

Physical and Mental Well-being of Working Students

co-occurring depression and anxiety may exacerbate this connection.

As indicated On the American College Health Association (2015) survey, university

who are experiencing Sleep problems and worst lead to Depression.

Furthermore, working while studying can be stressful because it necessitates balancing

Mental Health of America (MHA).

Pressure and Stress