SUBMITTED BY--------------------JUNAID KHAN

SUBMITTED TO-------------------SIR RIAZ

ASSIGMENTS ---------------------LAB REPORTS
REG NO------------------------------2018-KIU-5639
DEPARTMENT--------------------PHYSICS
PROGRAM--------------------------BS
AIM;
To find the output voltage from the half wave
rectifier circuit.

APPRATUS

 Voltage Source
 Step down transfermer
 Diode
 LED
 Wires
 Resister

Half Wave Rectifier Theory

A half wave rectifier is the simplest form of rectifier available. We will look at
a complete half wave rectifier circuit later – but let’s first understand exactly
what this type of rectifier is doing.The diagram below illustrates the basic
principle of a half-wave rectifier. When a standard AC waveform is passed
through a half-wave rectifier, only half of the AC waveform remains. Half-
wave rectifiers only allow one half-cycle (positive or negative half-cycle) of
the AC voltage through and will block the other half-cycle on the DC
side.Only one diode is required to construct a half-wave rectifier. In essence,
this is all that the half-wave rectifier is doing. A simple Half Wave Rectifier is
nothing more than a single pn junction diode connected in series to the load
resistor. As you know a diode is to electric current like a one-way valve is to
water, it allows electric current to flow in only one direction. This property of
the diode is very useful in creating simple rectifiers which are used to convert
AC to DC.

Procedure
 Notice that we had used the led as a output source to check it works
or not in both cases (positive half cycle and negative half cycle)

 First, a high AC voltage is applied to the to the primary side of the step-
down transformer and we will get a low voltage at the secondary
winding which will be applied to the diode.
 During the positive half cycle of the AC voltage, the diode will be
forward biased and the current flows through the diode. During the
negative half cycle of the AC voltage, the diode will be reverse biased
and the flow of current will be blocked.
 The diode becomes forward biese in positive half cycle and allows
current to flow in a circuit.so we have a closed circuit.
 In forward biese we have some output voltage and that output voltage
is dc .it allows allows our led light to propagate.
 The diode becomes reverse biese in negative half cycle of ac current.
Because the diode is now in reverse bias mode, no current is able to pass
through it. As such, we now have an open circuit. Since current can not
flow through to the load during this time, the output voltage is equal to
zero.so our led light cant burn in this case.
 This all happens very quickly – since an AC waveform will oscillate
between positive and negative many times each second (depending on
the frequency).
 Here’s what the half wave rectifier waveform looks like on the input
side (Vin), and what it looks like on the output side (Vout) after
rectification (i.e. conversion from AC to DC).


 The graph above actually shows a positive half wave rectifier. This is a
half-wave rectifier which only allows the positive half-cycles through
the diode, and blocks the negative half-cycle.
 Conversely, a negative half-wave rectifier will only allow negative half-
cycles through the diode and will block the positive half-cycle. The only
difference between a posive and negative half wave rectifier is the
direction of the diode.
Circuit Diagram

Out Put Items 0F Simulation
Translent analysis;

AC analysis
Observations and calculations

Given;. V(in)=170v ,D1=0. 7v

Conclusion
 At last we conclude that by using half wave rectifier circuit
we find various results .
 Through half wave circuit we are able to change ac current
to dc current .
 We canclude that at the positive half cycle of ac current
the diode works forward biese and we have output voltage
to spark led .but in negative half cycle no output voltage
for led to produce light .this phenomenon repeats and the
led continuously dims and ful light ..
Result
Thus we have find the values of input voltage ,output
voltage ,peak inverse current etc.
 Vp(in)=170v
 Vp(sec)=85v
 Vp(out)=84.3v
 PIV=170v