8

English
Quarter 1 – Module 2:
Conventions in Citing Sources
English – Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 2: Conventions in Citing Sources
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work
of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or
office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.
Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of
royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from
their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim
ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writers:Floramie C. Sarabillo
Editors: Maria Cecilia M. Calamba
Reviewer: Ma. Joressi O. Simafranca
Illustrator: Ivory Joan M. Tambala &Rovic E. Akiatan
Layout Artist:Melanio R. Florino Jr.
Management Team: Reynald M. Guillena, CESO V
Basilio P. Mana-ay Jr., CESE
Emma A. Camporedondo, CESE
Alma C. Cifra, EdD
May Ann M. Jumuad, PhD
Aris B. Juanillo, PhD

Printed in the Philippines by _________________________________________________

Department of Education – Davao City Division, Region XI

Office Address: Elpidio Quirino Ave., Pobacion Disctrict, Davao City, 8000 Davao del Sur
Telefax: (082) 224-3274, (082) 222-1672
E-mail Address: davao.city@deped.gov.ph
 8

English
Quarter 1 – Module 2:
Conventions in Citing Sources

1
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the English Grade 8Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module Conventions
in Citing Sources.

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their
personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You
also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their
own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as
they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the English Grade 8 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module Conventions
in Citing Sources.

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the

2
 lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways; a story, a
song, a poem, a problem opener, an activity
or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of

the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled into process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.
At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.
The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.

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4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not
alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

Great day to you dear learner! In this module you will learn the conventions in
citing sources.

May you find significant learning experiences and joy from this module. Let’s
start the fun and learning now.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Look for sentences with the correct in-text citations.
2. Explain how the sample sentences are written in APA style.
3. Use APA format as convention in citing sources.

What I Know

DIRECTIONS: Match the words in column A with the words in column B.Connect the
dots. Have fun!

COLUMN A COLUMN B

Smith, John • • Book Title

2019, April • • Website

English Expressways • • Author

www.englishbest.com • • Date

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Lesson
Conventions in Citing
1 Sources

As part of our daily learning activity, we use different learning resources such
as books, articles, journals and websites to get some information for our study and
research. It is important to cite these sources to give credits to the ideas of the
different authors.

What’s In

Activity 1 What’s on your mind?

DIRECTIONS: Observe the picture below and tell me what’s on your mind.

I think that you have something in your mind. Can you describe what’s the picture all
about?
_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

You did great! Now, what do you think is the error in the picture?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

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Good observation, great job! Do you know what the boy did? Do you think it’s correct?
Why?

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

You did well on this part! In the picture, you see that even if the boy copied
everything in the internet, he was given a failing mark because what he did is not a
good example. Copying other’s work is called cheating.

What’s New

Activity 2 Read Aloud

This time, we will read paragraphs about cheating and why we need to give credit to
someone’s idea.

Cheating is when a person misleads, deceives, or acts dishonestly on purpose.

For kids, cheating may happen at school, at home, or while playing a sport. If a
baseball team is for kids who are 8 or younger, it's cheating for a 9-year-old to play on
the team and hit home run after home run.
At school, in addition to cheating on a test, a kid might cheat by stealing
someone else's idea for a science project or by copying a book report off the Internet
and turning it in as if it's his or her original work. Copying someone else's words or
work and saying they're yours is a type of cheating called plagiarism (say: PLAY-juh-
rih-zem).

Did you enjoy reading the paragraphs?

What are important ideas you get after reading?
Can you list them down here?

a. ____________________________________________

b. ____________________________________________

c. ____________________________________________

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 What is It

Nowadays, access to information is easily done. It can be books in the library,

journals, articles, newspapers, and internet-the most convenient and fastest. Using
these resources made our study easy. However, we need to cite the sources we use to
avoid plagiarism. But how can we cite the sources correctly? Is there any format to
follow?

One of the formats in citing sources is the APA style. It is the style of
documentation of sources used by the American Psychological Association.

Now you might ask how APA style citation works.

Parenthetical citations are citations to original sources that appear in the text
of your paper. The name of the author, the title of the book, the website and the date
it is published should be indicated in your paper. So that the reader of your paper
easily find where your information comes from.

This time we are going to learn about how to format the different sources using
parenthetical (in-text) citations.

You have three options for placing citations in relation to your text. Are you
ready to learn them? Good! Let’s start.
OPTION #1
HOW TO DO IT:
Place the author(s) and
date(s) in parentheses at an
IDEA-FOCUSED appropriate place in or at the
end of a sentence

FOR EXAMPLE
Author’s name: Cruz
Date: 1999
Details: Researchers have
pointed out that the lack of
trained staff is a common
barrier to providing adequate
health education.

HOW TO WRITE IT: Researchers have pointed out that the lack of trained
staff is a common barrier to providing adequate health education (Cruz,
1999).

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 In our example, we started by writing the idea, then, we enclosed the
author’s name and date in the parentheses and placed it at the end of the
sentence.

OPTION #2

HOW TO DO IT:
RESEARCHER-FOCUSED
Place only the date in
parentheses

FOR EXAMPLE:
Author’s name: Gonzaga
Date: 1999
Details: Health education be
required for high school
graduation in California.

HOW TO WRITE IT: Gonzaga (1999) recommended that health education be

required for high school graduation in California.

In our example, we started by writing the name of the author, then enclosed
with the parentheses the date, then used passive form words like recommended that,
said that and etc., then the idea of the author. Passive voice means that a subject is a
recipient of a verb’s action

OPTION #3

CHRONOLOGY-FOCUSED HOW TO DO IT: Integrate

both the author and date
into your sentence

FOR EXAMPLE:
Author’s name: Zamora
Date: 2001
Details: Child and Adolescent
Planning Schema to analyze and
develop community mental health
programs for young people.

HOW TO WRITE IT:In 2001, Zamora proposed using the Child and Adolescent
Planning Schema to analyze and develop community mental health programs for
young people.

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 In our example, we combined the date and the author in the sentence and used
active form of the verb. Active voice means that a sentence has a subject that acts
upon its verb.

Great Job! We are done with the options in placing citations in relation to the text!

Next thing you will learn is how citation works with several authors, no authors, and
electronic sources.
ONE OR TWO AUTHORS

HOW TO DO IT:
Cite both authors throughout the work. Citations
inside parentheses use the ampersand (&).
Citations outside parentheses, use "and.

FOR EXAMPLES:
1. Authors’ names: Smith, Brown
Date:2004
Details:25% of people prefer cats over dogs
2. Authors’ names: Smith, Brown
Date:2004
Details: Survey the phenomenon

HOW TO WRITE IT:

(1) According to the study, 25% of people prefer cats over dogs (Smith & Brown,
2004).
(2) Smith and Brown (2004) surveyed this phenomenon.

THREE OR MORE AUTHORS

HOW TO DO IT:
Cite all of them the first time you refer to the work, but
in subsequent references follow the last name of the
first author by et al. (with a period after "al").

FOR EXAMPLES:
(1) Authors’ names: Smith, Brown, Black
Date:2005
(first reference), (second reference) (third reference)

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 HOW TO WRITE IT:

A recent survey (Smith, Brown, & Black, 2005) showed....

[first reference]
Smith et al. (2005) showed… [second reference]

Smith et.al proved… [third reference]

NO AUTHOR

HOW TO DO IT:
Instead of a last name use the first few words of the
entry for that work in the reference list. Put
quotation marks around the title of an article or
chapter, and italicize the title of a book, periodical,
brochure, or report.

FOR EXAMPLE:
Date: 2008,
Book Name :Survey of Asian Men,

HOW TO WRITE IT:

“Survey of Asian Men" (2008)....

ELECTRONIC SOURCES

HOW TO DO IT: Cite an electronic source within your

paper in the same way as you would a print source, by
placing the author's last name (or short title of the
source, if there is no author) and year of publication in
parentheses.

REMEMBER! You do not put the URL in the text of the

paper. In fact, the only time you would put a URL in
the text would be to simply mention a website in
passing. Because you’re citing specific information,
you will need. to write a regular APA Style author–
date citation. Luckily, writing the in-text citation
for a website or webpage is easy: Simply include
the author and year of publication. The URL goes in
the corresponding reference list entry (and yes, you
can leave the links live).

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 FOR EXAMPLE #1: PUTTING URL IN THE TEXT TO MENTION
WEBSITE IN PASSING

URL Address: (http://www.wisc.edu/writing/)

Details: The University of Wisconsin's Writing Center Web site is an

excellent source of information on writing

HOW TO WRITE IT:

The University of Wisconsin's Writing Center Web site is an excellent source of

information on writing (http://www.wisc.edu/writing/)

FOR EXAMPLE #2: AUTHOR'S LAST NAME (OR

SHORT TITLE OF THE SOURCE, IF THERE IS NO
AUTHOR) AND YEAR OF PUBLICATION IN
PARENTHESES
Author: American Nurses Association

Date: 2006

URL Address:
http://nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/Policy-
Advocacy/Positions-and-
Resolutions/ANAPositionStatements/Archives/Mercury-
in-Vaccines.html

Details: Position statement insisting that pharmaceutical

companies immediately cease using thimerosal as a
vaccine preservative.

HOW TO WRITE IT:

The American Nurses Association (2006) issued a position statement insisting that
pharmaceutical companies immediately cease using thimerosal as a vaccine
preservative.

In our example, since we are citing specific information, we need to write a

regular APA Style author–date citation. Writing the in-text citation for a website or
webpage is easy: Simply include the author and year of publication. The URL goes in
the corresponding reference list entry.

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Here’s the example:

American Nurses Association. (2006). Mercury in vaccines [Position statement].

Retrieved from http://nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/Policy-
Advocacy/Positions-and-Resolutions/ANAPositionStatements/Archives/Mercury-
in-Vaccines.html

You may visit this link https://www.ru.nl/nsm/stip/specific-study-

information/geography-planning-environment/overview-useful-links/apa-
conventions-referencing/?fbclid=IwAR3jmb_xeT6ip0IPm5-
juTgg7Fj43p_HF1ZS1gcrDGz4wenMPjmohtRxLHo for more examples.

Now that you are done learning the formats, you may be asking is it necessary
to cite? The answer is a big YES! It is not only to help your reader to locate easily the
information but of course to avoid plagiarism. Remember that copying other’s work
without crediting them is CHEATING.

What’s More

Activity 3 Find ME!

Well done! Now you’re on Activity 3. In this part, we will try to assess your
understanding. Good luck and have fun!

DIRECTIONS: Look for sentence/s with the correct in-text citations by putting a √
mark on the blank/s.

______1. According to Jones, "the APA Manual changes every few years, so it is
important to stay on top of changes in the current edition." (p. 87)

______2. The study found that students struggle most with the finer details of APA
formatting (Reynolds, 2011)

______3. Wiliams, J. "Locating Quality Sources Online." Journal of Learning, 4(3), 35-
40. https://www.journaloflearning.edu/locating-quality-source/volume-4

_______4. Leyse-Wallace (2013), notes that "levels and ratios of essential fatty acids
appear to be linked to anger, violence, hostility, and aggressive behavior", p. 31.

_______5. Two species of multituberculate mammals were present in Saskatchewan in

the Late Eocene, Storer, p. 1617

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Activity 4 Tell Me!
DIRECTIONS: Tell me how did I write the sample sentence. Write your answer on the
boxes provided.

FOR EXAMPLE

ONE OR TWO AUTHORS

HOW TO WRITE IT:

According to the study, 25% of people prefer cats over dogs (Smith & Brown,
2004).

HOW DID I DO IT?

In the example, the sentence started with the details then cite the authors names
and and the date and are enclosed with the parentheses and used the & symbol.

ONE OR TWO AUTHORS

HOW TO WRITE IT:

Sanchez and Miranda (1998) discussed on how environmental issues affect the
livelihood of the people.

HOW DID I DO IT?

_________________________________________________________________________________
_

THREE OR MORE AUTHORS

HOW TO WRITE IT:

First time: Cordero, Perezand Ferira (1998) explained the rising number of people
having mental health problem after the lockdown.

Second time: Cole et al. (1998) proved it after conducting a study.

Third time: Cole et al. demonstrated

HOW DID I DO IT?

_________________________________________________________________________________

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NO AUTHOR

HOW TO WRITE IT:

From the book Vitamin Discoveries (2013), the vaccine is on clinical trial.

HOW DID I DO IT?

_________________________________________________________________________________

ELECTRONIC SOURCES

HOW TO WRITE IT:

Ritz Ramos-Gomes has set up a discussion forum for new fanciers

(http://gfnnfg.livejournal.com/).

HOW DID I DO IT?

_________________________________________________________________________________

What I Have Learned

Activity 5: Remember me? Fill ME!

DIRECTIONS: Can you still remember how to do the following in-text citations? Let’s
test! Fill the following boxes.

ONE OR TWO AUTHORS

HOW TO DO IT:
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________

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THREE OR MORE AUTHORS

HOW TO DO IT:
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________

NO AUTHOR

HOW TO DO IT:
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________

ELECTRONIC SOURCE

HOW TO DO IT:
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________

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 What I Can Do

Activity 6
DIRECTIONS: Research about Covid-19 effects and use APA format in citing the
source. Cite at least 3 sources either from the internet, books, newspapers, journals
or reports

Assessment

Test I.
DIRECTIONS: Read the following statements. Choose your answer correctly. Write the
letter of your answer on the space provided before each number.
____1. Which parenthetical citation is correct?
a. (Johnson, Smith, 2015) discovered the new vaccine.
b. (Johnson) & (Smith) 2015 discovered the new vaccine.
c. Johnson and Smith (2009) discovered the new vaccine.

____2. When should you use in-text citations within your paper?
a. At the end of each page
b. At the end of every paragraph
c. Whenever information has come from another source

____3. How should you place citation when it is researcher-focused?

a. Place the author(s) and date(s) in parentheses at an appropriate place in or
at the end of a sentence
b. Integrate both the author and date into your sentence
c. Place only the date in parentheses

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_____4. Which is true about in-text citation with no author?
a. Cite all of them the first time you refer to the work, but in subsequent
references follow the last name of the first author by et al. (with a period
after "al").
b. Citations inside parentheses use the ampersand (&). Citations outside
parentheses, use "and.
c. Instead of a last name use the first few words of the entry for that work in
the reference list. Put quotation marks around the title of an article or
chapter, and italicize the title of a book, periodical, brochure, or report.

_____5. Which is the correct in-text citation when you have 1or two authors?
a. A person who smokes has a high risk in developing TB disease (Walker &
Allen, 2004).
b. Walker & Allen (2004) said a person who smokes has a high risk in
developing TB disease.
c. Walker and Allen, 2004, said a person who smokes has a high risk in
developing TB disease.

____6. How should you place citation when it is idea-focused?

a. Place the author(s) and date(s) in parentheses at an appropriate place in or
at the end of a sentence
b. Integrate both the author and date into your sentence
c. Place only the date in parentheses

____7. How do we cite an electronic source in in-text citation?

a. copy all the URL and put it together in the text
b. write the URL, then the author’s last name, title (if no author) and the date
of the publication
c. place the author's last name, title (if no author) then the date of the
publication

_____8. Which is the correct in-text citation for 3 or more authors?

a. Dela Cruz, Santos and et al. (1996) emphasized that dust triggers allergic
reaction to people who have respiratory problem.
b. It needed a thorough study as the findings suggested (Dela Cruz, Santos,
&Zamora, 2009). In the same study (Dela Cruz et al., 2009) proved that
some of the experiments were unsuccessful.
c. Dela Cruz (2010), Santos (2010), and Zamora (2010) described that the
climate change affects the life of the people. In the same study, Dela Cruz,
Santos, and Zamora (2010) gathered data to prove it correct.

______9. Which is not the correct in-text citation for no author?

a. A new intellectual framework, 2009 discussed the effects of social medias.
b. This research highlights the debate around nuclear weapons ("Nuke Test
Inquiry," 2009).
c. "Will returning to its founder's vision" (2011) condemned the practice.

_____10. What does APA stand for?

a. American Psychological Association
b. Association of Psychological Americans
c. American Psychology Association

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 Additional Activities

Directions: Write an essay (5 sentences) about the importance of citing the sources.

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

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 Answer Key

What I Know ACTIVITY 1

COLUMN A COLUMN B
Expected answers:
Smith, John • • Book Title (1) The picture is about a boy
complaining to his teacher.
2019, April • •Website (2) The error in the picture is even the
boy copied everything in the internet
English Expressways • •Author he still failed.
(3) Copying other’s work is wrong
www.englishbest.com • •Date

ACTIVITY 2 ACTIVITY 4
Cheating is deceiving. ONE OR TWO AUTHORS- Cited the authors
Copying is cheating. using their last names and used
Plagiarism is copying other’s work parentheses with the date on it then the
without crediting them. details.
(Answers may vary) THREE OR MORE AUTHORS- In the first
reference I cited all by writing the last names
of the authors but in the second reference I
ACTIVITY 3 wrote the last name of the first author then
2 & 4- √ by et al. then the date in the parentheses,
and in the third reference I wrote only the
last name of the first author then et.al..
NO AUTHOR- I wrote the title of the book and
enclosed the date in the parentheses.
ELECTRONIC SOURCE-I put URL in the text
since I needed to mention the website in
passing to specify the details.

ACTIVITY 5
ONE OR TWO AUTHORS

HOW TO DO IT:
Cite both authors throughout the work. Citations
inside parentheses use the ampersand (&).
Citations outside parentheses, use "and.A

THREE OR MORE AUTHORS

\]

HOW TO DO IT:
Cite all of them the first time you refer to the work, but
in subsequent references follow the last name of the
first author by et al. (with a period after "al").

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ACTIVITY 5
NO AUTHOR

HOW TO DO IT:
Instead of a last name use the first few words of the
entry for that work in the reference list. Put
quotation marks around the title of an article or
chapter, and italicize the title of a book, periodical,
brochure, or report.

ELECTRONIC SOURCE

HOW TO DO IT: Cite an electronic source within the

paper in the same way as a print source, by placing
the author's last name (or short title of the source, if
there is no author) and year of publication in
parentheses. The only time to put a URL in the text
would be to simply mention a website in passing.

ASSESSMENT

1. C
2. C
3. C
4. C
5. A
6. A
7. B
8. C
9. B
10. A

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References
Albert S. Cook Library (June 2020). APA Style. https://towson.libguides.com/apastyle

APA Guide (May 2020). Retrieved from https://guides.libraries.psu.edu

APA Style (2008-2020) Retrieved from https://www.citefast.com

APA Style. (March 2020). Retrieved from https://uscmed.sc.libguides.com/APAStyle)

In-text Citations Quiz.

(https://content.bridgepointeducation.com/curriculum/file/442a99d8-8b99-4c2a-
925f-71869c7dc324/1/In-
Text%20Citation%20Practice%20Quiz.zip/story_html5.html)
KidsHealth Medical Experts (May 2018). Cheating. https://kidshealth.org

Lajtai, A. (March 2018). APA In-text Citations Quiz.

https://www.playbuzz.com/adamlz10/apa-in-text-citation-quiz)
Radboud University (2020) APA Conventions. Retrieved from
https://www.ru.nl/nsm/stip/specific-study-information/geography-planning-
environment/overview-useful-links/apa-conventions-
referencing/?fbclid=IwAR1ZEzCMDxo0Kdi6OU0t3PciixnQy3kQHJi16WC3jVg_MuRc8z
UfIadrcyI

Thomson,K.(April 2013). Citing Sources. https://www.slideshare.net

Traffis, C. (2020). Active & Passive Voice. https://www.grammarly.com

Writing Website In-Text Citations and References. (2016, November 30). Retrieved
from https://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2016/11/writing-website-in-text-citations-
and-references.html

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education–Region XI Davao City Division

Elpidio Quirino Avenue, Davao City, Davao del Sur, Philippines

Telephone: (082) 224 0100 / 228 3970

Email Address: info@deped-davaocity.ph / lrmds.davaocity@deped.gov.ph

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