ENCHEM30-CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERS

EXPERIMENT NO. 2

ENERGY FORMS AND CHANGES

I. Objectives:
1. Identify the different forms of energy.
2. Describe how energy changes form

II. Introduction:

Energy can exist in numerous forms. It is the ability to do work. Consider when you do work,
you need a great deal of energy. When you eat a decent breakfast, your body transforms the food you
eat into energy. This energy invigorates you to accomplish work. Food contains chemical energy; your
body can convert chemical energy into motion and your movement can be transformed into mechanical
energy. Therefore, it is important for us to eat right.

Changes in matter are accompanied by changes in energy. When energy is converted from one
form or to another, it is conserved, not destroyed.

The “Law of Conservation of Energy” or “The First Law of Thermodynamics” states that energy can
neither be created nor destroyed; rather is can only be transformed or transferred from one form to
another.

These are some forms of energy:

Chemical Energy – Energy stored in the bonds of atoms and molecules. It is the energy that
holds these particles together. Stored chemical energy is found in food, biomass, petroleum,
and natural gas.

Electrical Energy – The movement of electrons (the tiny particles that make up atoms, along
with protons and neutrons). Electrons that move through a wire are called electricity. Lightning
is another example of electrical energy.

Mechanical Energy – Also called the motion energy. The energy of a substance or system has
because of its motion. Often in the form of kinetic and potential energy or work. Examples
include wind, a flowing river, a moving car or a person running.

Thermal Energy – Created from the vibration of atoms and molecules within substances. The
faster they move, the more energy they possess and the hotter they become. Thermal energy is
also called heat energy.

Radiant Energy – Also known as light energy or electromagnetic energy, radiant energy is a type
of kinetic energy that travels in waves. Examples include the energy from the sun, x-rays and
radio waves.

Light Energy – is a form of electromagnetic radiation. Light consists of photons, which are
produced when an object’s atoms heat up. Light travels in waves and is the only form of energy
visible to the human eye.
III. Materials:

https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/energy-forms-and-changes

IV. Procedure:

A. Introduction:
1. Click the link https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/energy-forms-and-changes
2. Observe the stored energy in brickand iron by clicking the energy symbol tab on the upper
right hand on your screen.
- Iron has a larger number of stored energy than the brick.
3. Place the iron and brick on top of the burner/cooler. Observe what happen and compare
the energy absorbed and released when you heat and cool the brick and the iron in the
burner/cooler.
- Both brick and iron absorb energy when it is heated and release energy when it is
cooled.
4. Put the thermometers on top of the brick and the iron. Which material got higher
temperature first when heated? Explain why it happen
5. The brick got higher temperature first when heated. Both blocks heat up slowly. The
thermal energy moves throughout each substance gradually. Because of this moderate
movement, thermal energy is stored in water longer. The hot water remains hot for longer.
The iron holds more thermal energy than the brick. So, when the iron is placed in the water,
its thermal energy is transferred to the colder water. The water is heated up as the iron
cools down.
6. Remove the brick and iron from the heater/cooler.
7. Observe the stored energy in water and olive oil on the top of the table.
- Water have more stored energy than the olive oil.
8. Place the water and the olive oil on top of the burner/cooler. Observe what happen and
compare the energy absorbed and released when you heat and cool the water and the olive
oil in the burner/cooler.
- The water and olive absorb energy when heated and release energy when it is cooled.
9. Put the thermometers inside the beakers containing water and olive oil. Which material got
higher temperature first when heated? Explain why it happen.
- Olive oil heat up faster than waiter because the heat capacity of oil is lower than the
heat capacity of water. Water requires more energy per gram of liquid to change its
temperature.
10. Place the brick inside the beaker containing water with thermometer. Place the iron inside
the beaker containing olive oil with thermometer. Observe what happen to their energy
and temperature. Which has the higher temperature first when heated? Explain
- The iron absorbs energy faster than brick and the iron inside the beaker containing olive
oil got the higher temperature first when heated. The heat capacity of oil is lower than
the water because water takes longer to heat up to a given temperature and the brick
will slowly absorbs energy from the water, while iron absorbs energy faster from the oil.
 11. Place the iron inside the beaker containing water with thermometer. Place the brick inside
the beaker containing olive oil with thermometer. Observe what happen to their energy
and temperature. Which has the higher temperature first when heated? Explain
- The brick with olive oil heats up faster even though iron has a larger number of energies.
Olive oil got the higher temperature first than water, so the iron did not receive or
absorb enough energy and heat to produce a higher temperature.

Data Sheet:

Table 1

Observation with respect to Energy and Temperature

Substances/Materials Energy Temperature

Brick Less energy Heats up faster
Iron More energy Slowly heats up
Olive Oil Less energy Heats up faster
Water More energy Slowly heats up
Iron and Olive oil Iron have more Heats up faster
energy and olive oil
have less energy
Brick and water Brick have less Slowly heats up
energy and water
have more energy
Iron and Water Iron have less energy Slowly heats up
and water have
more energy
Brick and Olive Oil Brick have more Heats up faster
energy and olive oil
have less energy

B. System
1. Observe what happen when you turn on the faucet and let the water flow. What
energy are formed?
2. Click on the sunlight on the lower left side of the screen. What is/are the energy formed
and compare its amount if there are no clouds, lots of clouds and medium amount of
clouds?
3. Click on the kettle on the lower left side of the screen. What is/are the energy formed
when you heat the kettle?
4. Click on the bicycle on the lower left side of the screen. What is/are the energy formed
when the girl starts biking? Why is the girl stopped from biking?
5. Change the wheel with the panel located at the bottom of the screen.
6. Repeat procedure 1 to 5.

Data Sheet:
 Table 2

Forms and transformation of energy

Source of Energy Materials Transformation of Energy

Faucet Wheel Initial
Final
Panel Initial
Final
Sun light Wheel Initial
Final
Panel Initial
Final
Kettle Wheel Initial
Final
Panel Initial
Final
bicycle Wheel Initial
Final
Panel Initial
Final