Pabello Angelica Sumook BSN-2B 19-46115 December 04, 2020

Quiz no.9 in NCM 214

Test 1: ESSAY

1. Discuss the developmental milestone of a school age child to include:

 Physical development
School-age children most often have smooth and strong motor skills. However, their
coordination (especially eye-hand), endurance, balance, and physical abilities vary.Fine motor skills may
also vary widely. These skills can affect a child's ability to write neatly, dress appropriately, and perform
certain chores, such as making beds or doing dishes.There will be big differences in height, weight, and
build among children of this age range. It is important to remember that genetic background, as well as
nutrition and exercise, may affect a child's growth.A sense of body image begins developing around age
6. Sedentary habits in school-age children are linked to a risk for obesity and heart disease in adults.
Children in this age group should get 1 hour of physical activity per day.There can also be a big
difference in the age at which children begin to develop secondary sexual characteristics. For girls,
secondary sex characteristics include:Breast developmen,Underarm and pubic hair growthFor boys, they
include:Growth of underarm, chest, and pubic hair Growth of testicles and penis

In school by age 5, most children are ready to start learning in a school setting. The first few years
focus on learning the fundamentals.In third grade, the focus becomes more complex. Reading becomes
more about the content than identifying letters and words.An ability to pay attention is important for
success both at school and at home. A 6-year-old should be able to focus on a task for at least 15
minutes. By age 9, a child should be able to focus attention for about an hour.It is important for the child
to learn how to deal with failure or frustration without losing self-esteem. There are many causes of
school failure, including:Learning disabilities, such a reading disabilityStressors, such as bullyingMental
health issues, such as anxiety or depressioIf you suspect any of these in your child, talk to your child's
teacher or health care provider.

 Language development
Early school-age children should be able to use simple, but complete, sentences that contain an average
of 5 to 7 words. As the child goes through the elementary school years, grammar and pronunciation
become normal. Children use more complex sentences as they grow.Language delays may be due to
hearing or intelligence problems. In addition, children who are unable to express themselves well may
be more likely to have aggressive behavior or temper tantrums.A 6-year-old child normally can follow a
series of 3 commands in a row. By age 10, most children can follow 5 commands in a row. By age 10,
most children can follow 5 commands in a row. Children who have a problem in this area may try to
cover it up with backtalk or clowning around. They will rarely ask for help because they are afraid of
being teased. Frequent physical complaints (such as sore throats, tummy aches, or arm or leg pain) may
simply be due to a child's increased body awareness. Although there is often no physical evidence for
such complaints, the complaints should be investigated to rule out possible health conditions. This will
also assure the child that the parent is concerned about their well-being.Peer acceptance becomes more
important during the school-age years. Children may take part in certain behaviors to be part of "the
group." Talking about these behaviors with your child will allow the child to feel accepted in the group,
without crossing the boundaries of the family's behavior standards.

Emotional development

As children enter the school-age years, they begin to develop a sense of independence. New
relationships begin to flourish. While their relationship with parents, and other significant adults,
continue to be the most significant in their life, meaningful relationships with their peers become
increasingly important. During this period, children continue to learn how to identify and appropriately
express emotions and needs. Self-regulation and empathy are essential social skills to help children be
successful emotionally, socially and academically.5 to 6 years old Enjoy playing by themselves, but
prefer to play with peers.More willing to play and work cooperatively, take turns, and accept others
ideasAre able to recognize and verbalize their own feelingsUnderstand that their actions may have
positive and negatives consequencesThey are able to show empathy and compassion.7 to 8 years old
Develop a sense of humor. Enjoy telling funny stories and jokes.Are able to distinguish between fantasy
and reality.Are engaged in imaginative play with other children.Enjoy taking on more responsibilities at
home and school.9 to 10 years old. Develop a more acute sense of fairness and right and wrong Can be
critical of self and others Are generally happy but become moody/angry easily. Are quick to forgive.Like
to negotiate.Become more abstract thinkers and are able to grasp and associate multiple concepts at a
time.Are reading to learn instead of learning to read May become concerned about conflicts with
friends. 11 to 12 years old.Peers take on a significant role in their livesLikes and respects adults but will
primarily look for approval from peer.Enjoys talking to othersMay experience mood swings.Physical
changes associated with puberty begin to become more noticeable

 Cognitive development
Cognitive development is a unique process and is specific to each school-age child. Sometimes school-
age children may exhibit cognitive difficulties that can affect their learning and impact their behavior.
These difficulties may be viewed as school-age children "going through a stage." School-age children
experiencing difficulties may not receive proper interventions, supports, or care from caregivers and
other adults. We might ignore some behaviors because we think that they are related to mood changes
most middle and early adolescent school-age children experience. In ages 5-7, they begin to see things
from other school-age children's perspectives and begin to understand how their behavior affects
others.They are developing their oral language skills, acquiring new vocabulary, and sentence
structures.They enjoy planning and building.They understand concepts of space, time, and dimension.
They understand concepts like yesterday, today, and tomorrow. They know left and right. In ages 8-
12 .Most early adolescents are fully capable of perspective taking and understand and consider other's
perspectives.They begin to think hypothetically, considering a number of possibilities, and are able to
think logically.They become more goal oriented.They may develop special interests that are a source of
motivation.Cognitive development may be impacted by school-age children's emotional state.They
begin to understand facets of the adult world like money and telling time.

 Moral and spiritual development

Ages 5-6: Schoolage begin to develop their own ideas of right and wrong, and they are better able to
follow rules. While preschool children may be motivated to behave ethically or morally to avoid
punishment or be praised, they also have an increasing understanding of the feelings and rights of other
people.Through spiritual development, children learn to be aware of and comfortable with qualities
such as respect, responsibility, and reverence for self and others. They learn to be capable of
acknowledging differences between people without feeling fear. They develop a love for the earth and
take action to protect it.