POIAZHEREDITAS

HIRIDHASMINDII
•
HEREDITAS → 11mn perwukilansifat • ) INTERMEDIETIKODOMINAN
cth ! bunya 4
•
GREGOR MENDEL ( austrian ) pukul
ayam andalusian
↳ bahanpercobnnn key Karri / Pisumsatinum .

Pg : Mirabilis Meran ✗ Putin

• > ALASAN : mm mm

sifatbivariasi } kontras M
g : M

mud an
disllanykan Fn
-

: Mm
lmernn Munn ]
-

menyerbnksendiricautog.am ;)
P2 : Mm ✗ Mm
-

keturunnnbnyk
9 :
M, m Mlm
-
umnrsingkat
Fz : MM / Mm , Mm , mm

• > HIPOTESIS MENDEL

ratio genotip : MM : Mm : mm

1 : 2 : I

→ setiapslfat dikendu / ikan oleh Sppasang faktor Ketterman Merah : Meran Putin
fenotin : mnan :

9101
→ sifatlalel : 1 : 2 :|
• dominant gen ygmenutupi
resesif
R gcnoti D= R -

fenotip
genygditntnpi
-

• =

→ Saat meiosis alel memisah

,

55
lndividugalurmurnibersif.at homozigot >
•
→

✗ 2 . bullet ✗ kisnt
dominan resesif
BB bb
AA / AABB 991 aabb
9 : B b

• > ISTILAHZ Fp : Bb

( balat )
-
parental = thank = tertua ( P)
keturunan Zuri at (F) Pz : Bb ✗ Bb
-
filial = :

g : B, b Bib
ygtdk dpt dilndra
-
genotipe =
Slfat
1=21 Bb bb
1313 , Bb , ,

Lhomozigot -
dom
radio fenotip bulat krsut

(
- : :
res ,

3 : 1
heterozigot :
Aa , Aa BB

• 7 HVKVM I MENDEL
-

fenutipe = Slfatygdpt diindrn

ex : wnvnnitekstur , peranakan penyewmpokangensecarnbeb.at
cth ! dihibrid , trihibrid

dominan-sifutyg-tdv.com/re -tdkmennny1kqlah
-
Intermedia /
dihibrid dominion

P, : Bulat , Kuning ✗ kisut , hijau

• > MENENTUKAN GAMET BBKK bbkk

2h ✓
n : aielheterozigot g : BK bk asortnsilpengelompvv.am

Ctn : -
AA
,
20=7 , garnet -- A F, : Bbkk
( Bulut , Kuning )
-

Aa / 21=2 , garnet = A darn a

•
AABB , 21=2 , gamet AB dan Ab
- -

A / B-IAB
\ b- Ab

e) modal 55

1. C

757
•

7. A
↳ b Salah Kvn PPQ gbole
↳ c
PQq is wrong
↳ d
pQq is wrong

↳ e Qrr is wrong

• > HVKVM I MENDEL

segregasi gen Sir bcbat
cth :
mvnvhibrid .

Mononibrid dominant

Pg : Tinggi ✗ Rendon

TT tt

g : T t

Tt
Fi :
( tinggi )

Pz : Tt ✗ Tt

1- it
g : Tst

Fz : T t

T TT Tt

tinggi tinyyi

Tt
t
tt renann
tinyyi

ratio genutip : TT : Tt : tt
7 : 2 : 7

rasio fenutip : tinyyi : Pender .

3 : 7
b­
 VOCAB
alleles diff varieties of the same
• → .

gene

•
genotype →
genetic composition formed by alleles
e. g :
alleles Hba and Hbs forms the genotype Hba Hbs ,
etc .

•
dominant allele → its effect on the phenotype of a

heterozygous gene is dominant

•
recessive allele → doesn't express itself when a dominant
gene is present

•
co dominant alleles → has the
phenotypes of each allele
in a heterozygous organism

test where dom allele is Crossen w/

genetic cross
• a
cross → .

9 homozygous recessive organism

Pps heterozygous .

homozygous → offspring si determine whether

pps phenotype can
u
the parent is homo / hetero dominant .

examples

dom w/ homo recessive

• F1 generation → crossing homozygous
• FZ generation →
crossing two F1 ( heterozygous ) organisms .

MENDEL'S LAW
•
law of segregation → two alleles for each gone separates during
the gamete formation

• law of independent assortment → alleles of genes on nonhomologous

chromosomes assort independently
during gamete formation .

DEGREES OF DOMINANCE
4 dominant homozygous are
Phenotypes of heterozygous
• Complete ,
Identical

somewhere between the

• Incomplete s Phenotype of F1 hybrids is
alleles Of . .
CTH SOAL

3) y

dom= ekor atleast 1 dominant allele in each trait

1. hitam
of , panjang
=
Sama dog lnduk

f- 2 : HP Hp HP hp
Pi : H=hHam P : panjang

h= Putih p
:
pendek
/ ekov
Hp HHPP HHPP
1h11am Panjang )
HHPP Hhpp
1

HHPP Htlpp thpp Hhpp

Hp
hitampjg hitam hi hitam
F, : HHPP hhpp pnav.
panjang Pndk

fhltaml ( Putih /
Hhpp Hhpp hhpp hhpp
hp
panjang ) Plndlk ) hitam putih
L pjg )
pjg
g. = HP ✗ hp
hp Hhpp Hhpp hhpp hhpp
HHPP hitam Putih Putih
Fz= Hitam
PJY PJ -9 pnak
penaek
( Hitam / Panjang)

D2 Hhpp HHPP H P ✓
( panjang ) 9
-
=
hitam ,
-

( hitam / Panjang) ( Hitam / Panjang)

3 H
( hitam / pendell ) -
pp

G HP MR
:
Hp ( putin , panjang ) 3
HP
Hp
hhpp
hp
HP ( putin pender ) . n

hp hp a

fenotipygsamn -161,
=
 ? F
located the same chromosome
(a) autosomal linkage : when 2 gene , r in
; :
(b) .
pre -
Fi : 1=1--66 ✗ ffgg

f-
•
Fi :
f- 6g
( purple , long )

Ff 6g × F- f-
6g
• 6 : f- 6 Fb

Fg Fg

f- 6 FG

fg fog

Fz : f- 6 f- 6 Fg
Fg
•

F .bg/- f6 .F .6 FgF 6g.Ft9gFfGg-Ffg f6Ff6G.Ff6&f- 6Gf -

f- 6 1=1--66
.

6g

Ffbg
fog
Ffgy FIGG
-

ffggv
[based on Cii ) ]
genotype ratio observed expected
a
phenotype
F- G- Purple ,
long
9 284 % -381 : 214

}
F- 9g 21
purple / Short
% -301 :
71

3
f. f- 6- red , long 21
71
÷ - 381 :

55
ffgg red , short I
3116.381 : 24
-
t - t

381 381 ( est )

Iii ) recombinant PF
• > : Pf and
A- of recombinant
? ( OVI '
" ""
total individual

301-32

I
✗
100%-12%-1,
g­
y­
(b)

torto b. male
p.tn
.

fern
°
✗ BY
B
✗ ✗
pig
° B
B ✗
g. ✗ ✗ y
- -
- -

"

0.9 ,
✗ BY ✗ Oy ✗ ✗
B
✗ 13×0

P b. male
0 -

male b. Fem f. fem

.

(c) be there 's only I ✗ chromosome , so It cannot

hv both xD and ✗
°
,
which r necessary

for tortoirhdl .
1 P : B : bulat T=t1nyyi 8 Bbkkww
g=
.
.

b- Klsht
-
t= pender .

meiosis : 2h → hetero ? igot = 23=8 (e)

F : Bbtt ✗ Bbtt

( bulat , tinyyi ) ( bnlhtl Ptndbk ) 9 . Aa Bb Cc ✗ Aa Bb Cc

↳ possibility to produce Abc = ?
Bt BT bt
9 : BT
BBtt Bbtt Bbtt
Bt BBTT
fbulati ( balat , ( bulut, fbnlat,
tinyyi ) Penner ) tinyyi ) Pender,

bt Bbtt Bbtt bbtt bbtt

fbulati ( bututs lkisnt / ( kisnt ,
tinyyi ) Penner ) tinygi ) rendon )

RATIO 3 ( a )
: : 1 ; 3 : 7

bulat tinyyi
:
kisnttinyyi : bnlnt rendnh : kisut rendan

|
2. both MM
o > pink ✗ white pink :

and Mm
MM ✗ Mm

M M
o > heterozygous pink
w/ M MM Mm
each other : Pink Pink

Mm mm
M pink white

(b) Merah Muda : putin

3 : 7

7 . A : Kuning B : bulat

a=hijUW D= Keri put

P X 99 Bb
: Aa Bb
Kuning hijan
bulat bulat

913 ab
G : AB Ab

AB ab

Ab 913 ab
AB

913 A- 91313 AGBB 991313 9913h

Kb Kb hb hb

Gb AABB Aabb 99 Bb 99bb

Kb KK hb hk

ratio : 3 ! 7 :3 :3

kbikkihbihk fans gaadn )

MULTIPLE ALLELES
•
genes w/ more than two allelic forms

↳ ex : ABO comprises of 3 alleles attaching to A /B carbohydrates of the rbc ,

: IA ,
IB and i

• -

enzyme encoded by the IA allele adds carb A

enzyme encoded by IB allele Adas carb B

encoded by i allele adds neither
-
enzyme

• blood group genotypes and phenotypes :

IAIA I Ai IBI
"
or IBI IAIB ji
GENOTYPE or

RBC "
00
"
010
"
-

APPEARANCE
%
-

°
'
i' /
o
'

PHENOTYPE
A B AB O
Cblvod group ]

Interaction between loci

SOAL :
1. 9 : A- Abb ✗ aaBB

fyellow ) ( yellow )

Fi : Aa Bb
Pi : Tmeroihj
9 : Aa Bb ✗ Aa Bb

AB Ab 913 ab

AB

AA-BBA-ABBAa-BBAUB- ABAA-BBAA-bbh-9-BBA9-b. a
B AABB
-
AaBb
-
aaBB
-
9913 b
-

ab

A-aBBA-abbaa-Bbaa-b.bg:7
red ; yellow
b­
b­
 9-
I

(b) 1 , IBIB
2. IAIO

3. IBIO

4. IAIB
 D= Inhibits A
'
A- Putin → Merah ☐

a= Putih • b =
tidak

P : A Abb ✗ aaBB
,
( Merah ) ( putin )

G : Ab AB

Fg : Aa Bb
mdlrlduyy
dlketahuigonotipeny dlsl anykandgnhomozigotrese.si
talk
( putin ]
f.
TEST CROSS
( homozygous recessive
Pz : Aa Bb ✗ aabb

fpntih ) ( Putin )

G : AB Ab

Ab

913

ab

1=2 : Aa Bb Putin

Aabb Merah

Crabb putih
aabb putin

ratio = Meran : putin

I :3

400 : 1200

B= Kuning → meran RATIO

Kuning
:
A- =

a= putin D= Kuning white :

yellow : red

4 :3 : 9

PT AA bb X AABB
:
( supplementary gene action )
( Kuning ) ( Putin )

G : Ab AB

F1 :
Aa Bb
fmeran )

sesamn F1

P2 : AaBb ✗ AABD
1
( Merah )

6 :

AB Ab 913 ab

AB AABB AABB A- 91313 Aa Bb

red red red red
Ab AA Bb AA bb A9Bb A- abb
red yeller red yellow
AB AABB AaBb aaBB 99135
red red white white
Ab Aa Bb Aabb aaBb aabb
red yellow white unita
g­
 HIREDITAS MENDEL
back cross -
/ Silang batik • shall > 1)

Persllang -9h lndlvldvl dgn Salah Satu lnduk 25 : Aa Bb ✗ AABB

•
tujunn : untuk menentukan galur Marni
F :
IAA /

• MODVL ( 56 )

18 HH ✗ hh
.
p, :

1h17am ) / putin ) 2 Aa

d
Fn : Hh
lbirn )
799

Pz : Hht HH

* ayam bird disllany batik dyn ihduk berbulu hitam

9 : Hin H

Fz : HHI Hh

ratio : hitam : bird

1 : 1 Icy

test cross =
baglan dari back cross

• modal 157 )

10 . D= tinggi H -
- berbuhl

D= kerdil h
-
- tak -
n -

berbulu ✗ ddhh
P :
test cross thdtinyyi
D_dH_h
f
123 tinggi berbuln : 120 tiny Yi tdk berbnlll : 118 kerdil berbukl : 124 kerdil talk berbnln

D -
H -
:D -
hh : ddH -

:dd①

POLAHEREDITAS I -

PENYIMPANGANSEMV TIVKVM MENDEL ( PSHM )

↳ hasilhrasiofenotip ketnrnnnnnya menyimpang

A. ATAVISM E

Interaksl bbrp
•
padang gen
•
pdpialljengger ayam
☒ rasio flnotip 9 :3 :3 : I

↳ FENOTIP :

R -
P -
= walnut

R - pp =
rose / mawar

↳ example
:

Pa : Rose + Pea

Rrpp rrpp

Fi : Rrpp → 100%

[ walnut ) → penyimpanyan

Pz ! Rrpp ✗ Rr Pp

RP Rp RP rp

RP RRPP RRPP Rrpp Rrpp

Rp RRPP Rkpp Rrpp Rrpp

rp Rrpp Rrpp rrpp rrpp

rp Rrpp Rrpp rrpp rr①

penyimpanynn
radio fcnotip : W : R :P :S

9 :3 :3 : I